ret docslide.us_zte-umts-particular-radio-function-feature-guidev5020110407.pdf

Particular Radio Function WCDMA RAN

Feature Guide

Particular Radio Function Feature Guide

ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. I


Version Date Author Approved By Remarks

V4..5 2010-06-18 Zhang Yiqian

JiangMing

Added three function

descriptions: Dynamic Power Track, OCNS and Smoothly Cell out off Service

V5.0 2011-2-9

Chen Changgen,

Zhang Yiqian

JiangMing,Liuqi

Added descriptions of VSWR

Alarm Recovery, Int ra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm, Node B Energy Saving Mode.

© 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE.

Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document

is subjected to change without notice.


II © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Functional Attribute ............................................................................................ 1

2 Overview .............................................................................................................. 1

2.1 Active Tx Gain Calibration .................................................................................... 1 2.2 Received Power Scanner ..................................................................................... 1 2.3 Electrical Tilt Antenna ........................................................................................... 2 2.4 Multi-band Support................................................................................................ 2 2.5 Dynamic Power Track........................................................................................... 2 2.6 OCNS .................................................................................................................... 3 2.7 Smoothly Cell out off Service................................................................................ 3 2.8 Node B Energy Saving Mode ............................................................................... 3 2.9 VSWR Alarm Recovery......................................................................................... 3 2.10 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm ................................................................. 3

3 Active Tx Gain Calibration ................................................................................. 4

3.1 Objective Function ................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Principles of Implementation................................................................................. 4

4 Received Power Scanner ................................................................................... 5

4.1 Principles of Implementation................................................................................. 5 4.2 Function Application.............................................................................................. 5

5 Electrical Tilt Antenna ........................................................................................ 6

5.1 Functions of Electrical Tilt Antenna ...................................................................... 6 5.2 Constitution of Electrical Tilt Antenna System ..................................................... 6 5.2.1 Control Motor ........................................................................................................ 6 5.2.2 Electrical Adjustement Bias Tee ........................................................................... 7 5.2.3 Other Accessories................................................................................................. 8 5.3 AISG Interface....................................................................................................... 9 5.4 Typical Application of Electrical Tilt Antennas...................................................... 9 5.4.1 Application Scheme of Single System Electrical Tilt Antennas in Macro

Base Station ......................................................................................................... 9 5.4.2 Application Scheme of Single System Electrical Tilt Antennas in RRU ............ 10 5.4.3 Local and Remote Control Application Schemes for Electrical Tilt Antenna

System ................................................................................................................ 14

6 Multi-band Support ........................................................................................... 14 6.1 Principles of Implementation............................................................................... 14 6.2 Supported Bands ................................................................................................ 15

7 Dynamic Power Tracking ................................................................................. 15

7.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 15 7.2 Working Principle ................................................................................................ 16

8 Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulator Test .................................................... 17

8.1 Function Objective .............................................................................................. 17 8.1.1 Test Mode 1 ........................................................................................................ 18 8.1.2 Test Mode 2 ........................................................................................................ 18


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. III

8.1.3 Test Mode 3 ........................................................................................................ 18 8.1.4 Test mode 4 ........................................................................................................ 19 8.1.5 Test Mode 5 ........................................................................................................ 19 8.1.6 Test Mode 6 ........................................................................................................ 19 8.2 Implementation Principle .................................................................................... 19

9 Smoothly Cell out off Service.......................................................................... 20

9.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 20 9.2 Working Principle ................................................................................................ 20 9.2.1 Process for enabling „Smoothly Cell out off Service‟ ......................................... 20 9.2.2 Process for disabling „Smoothly Cell out off Service‟ ......................................... 21

10 Node B Energy Saving Mode........................................................................... 22

10.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 22 10.2 Working Principle ................................................................................................ 22

11 VSWR Alarm Recovery..................................................................................... 23

11.1 Implementation principle ..................................................................................... 23 11.2 Application........................................................................................................... 23

12 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm ........................................................... 23 12.1 Implementation Principle .................................................................................... 23

13 Parameters and Configuration ........................................................................ 24

13.1 Parameter List ..................................................................................................... 24 13.2 RET Parameter Configuration ............................................................................ 24 13.2.1 Parent DN ........................................................................................................... 26 13.2.2 Device serial number .......................................................................................... 26 13.2.3 Device Type ........................................................................................................ 26 13.2.4 Vendor code ........................................................................................................ 26 13.2.5 AISG Version No................................................................................................. 26 13.2.6 Subunits No......................................................................................................... 26 13.2.7 Description of self-defined field .......................................................................... 26 13.2.8 Superior channel ................................................................................................. 26 13.2.9 Local channel ...................................................................................................... 26 13.2.10 Connected TMA device ...................................................................................... 27 13.2.11 Connected RET device ....................................................................................... 27 13.2.12 AISG main control unit ........................................................................................ 27 13.2.13 Tilt........................................................................................................................ 27 13.3 Smoothly Cell out off Service Parameter Configuration..................................... 30 13.4 Node B Energy Saving Mode Parameter Configuration .................................... 32 13.5 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm Parameter Configuration ...................... 34

14 Counter And Alarm ........................................................................................... 35

14.1 Counter List ......................................................................................................... 35 14.2 Alarm List ............................................................................................................ 35 14.2.1 Abnormal Power Alarm ....................................................................................... 35 14.2.2 RET Alarm........................................................................................................... 36 14.2.3 VSWR alarm ....................................................................................................... 36


IV © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

15 Glossary ............................................................................................................. 37


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. V

FIGURES

Figure 5-1 Appearance of Kathrein motor ............................................................................... 7

Figure 5-2 Appearance of Kathrein electrical adjustment bias tee ......................................... 7

Figure 5-3 Appearance of divider ............................................................................................ 8

Figure 5-4 Appearance of AISG control line............................................................................ 8

Figure 5-5 Appearance of AISG control line card ................................................................... 8

Figure 5-6 Remote scenario scheme for electrical tilt antenna in macro base station......... 10

Figure 5-7 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU + ALPD scenario in a single sector ........... 11

Figure 5-8 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU scenario in a single sector ......................... 11

Figure 5-9 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU + ALPD scenario in three sectors.............. 12

Figure 5-10 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU+NSBT+ASBT scenario in a single sector 13

Figure 5-11 RRU + electrical tilt antenna +RCU+NSBT+ASBT scenario in three sectors... 13

Figure 5-12 Local and remote monitoring diagram of electrical tilt antenna......................... 14

Figure 7-1 Load Variation of a WCDMA NodeB Cell in One Day ......................................... 16

Figure 7-2 D-PT Working Principle Diagram ......................................................................... 17


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 1

1 Functional Attribute

System version: [RNC V3.09, Node B V4.09, OMMR V3.09, and OMMB V4.09]

Attribute: [Optional]

Involved NEs:

UE Node B RNC MSCS MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

√ √ - - - - - -

Note:

*-: Non-related NE

* √: Related NE

Dependency: None

Exclusion: None

Remarks: electrical tilt antenna subitem, hardware requires electrical tilt antenna.

2 Overview

2.1 Active Tx Gain Calibration

This function supports downlink active Tx gain calibration, i.e., the system calculates the

Tx baseband digital power and the Tx analog output power at the same. If the analog

power deviates from the digital power to a certain threshold, the system will adjust the

downlink Tx gain to keep the Tx analog power consistent with the Tx digital power. This

avoids not only damage to the amplifier due to over high power but also capacity

reduction due to over low power, ensuring accuracy of downlink output power of the

base station. It offers customers the following advantages:

Enhance the security and precision of the RF Tx power

Reduce the margin demand calculated for the maximum output power in network

planning to obtain higher output power.

2.2 Received Power Scanner

This function is used to scan the signal power received by the antenna within the

receiver frequency bandwidth and judge whether there is interfering signal on receiver

frequency bandwidth. When this function is enabled, antennas scan at the same time:

starting from initial frequency, calculate the power within the carrier bandwidth of center

Particular Radio Function Feature Description

2 © 2011 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

frequencies at specific scanning stepped interval (1 MHz), calculate and report the list of

signal power within the scanned frequency band.

2.3 Electrical Tilt Antenna

This function is used to adjust the downtilt angle through remote or local control software.

It is achieved through changing the phase of multi-element antenna array and adjusting

field amplitudes of the vertical and horizontal vectors. The electrical tilt antenna control

unit is integrated into the Node B internal rack. The operator can adjust and detect the

downtilt angle of an antenna through the RET software in the remote O & M center. The

electrical tilt antenna is widely used in radio coverage system. Compared to the

traditional antenna system, it has many advantages.

Adjust the downtilt angle of the electrical tilt antenna without the need of switching

off the power. Detect the downtilt angle in real time.

High-precision tilt avoids frequency interference and Tx interference.

The operation can adjust the downtilt angle of the antenna remotely.

Weather change, time and Node B location have no affect on the tilt operation of

the downtilt angle of the antenna.

2.4 Multi-band Support

This function is used to help the operator to get base station of other frequency bands

besides UMTS2100 basic frequency band.

Besides UMTS2100, ZTM also supports UMTS850, UMTS900, UMTS AWS, UMTS1800,

and UMTS1900. In addition, it can support customized frequency bands to satisfy

customer requirements.

Node B supports other frequency band through replacing with the RF unit of the

corresponding frequency band.

2.5 Dynamic Power Track

This function is designed to enhance the power amplifier (PA) efficiency under different

loads, so as to help operators reduce NodeB operation expenditure and improve their

product reliability.

Dynamic Power Tracking (D-PT) is a unique technology developed by ZTE to adjust the

bias voltage of the PA power supply. In combination with the advanced Doherty

technology, the D-PT can not only enable the PA efficiency to reach 40% when the

output power is the maximum, but also improve the PA efficiency under other different



loads, so as to reduce the power consumption of the overall system of the NodeB. The

solution perfectly satisfies operator‟s demands for energy saving.

2.6 OCNS

The orthogonal channel noise simulator (OCNS) can simulate many virtual users in the

downlink network load test through the built-in OCNS function, enabling that the

operation can validate the RF performance and radio network performance without a lot

of terminals.

2.7 Smoothly Cell out off Service

The feature supports reducing the power of Common Pilot Channel step by step before

closing the cell when whole or part of Node B is needed to be power off. Due to gradual

weakness of the pilot signals, it can smoothly switch the UE to the cell of other Node B

or GSM network based on the hand-over strategy, and the users that are attempt to

access the carrier are rejected. The cell will be closed after the power of CPICH is reach

the threshold value (-10dbm). In this way, it can avoid call drop caused by the sudden

disappearance of the cell, which influences user experience. The use of this function can

be set by OMC-B.

2.8 Node B Energy Saving Mode

The feature guarantees the battery backup of transmission and basic service, lower the

load of battery to prolong its recycling life which decreases the OPEX

2.9 VSWR Alarm Recovery

This function supports VSWR alarm auto-recovery. The system measures the value of

VSWR. If it exceeds default threshold (3.0) for consecutive 3 times, the system will

disable its power amplifier. If there is neither over -power alarm nor over-high

temperature alarm, the system will wait for 30 minute and automatically enable the

power amplifier. Then it will observe the value of VSWR again. If the value of VSWR is

smaller than pre-defined threshold, the VSWR alarm is automatically recovered.

2.10 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm

This function can be used to detect unbalanced values of RTWP received by two

antennas within the same sector and report a RTWP unbalanced alarm. Each sector

has two antennas. The system can detect and measure the values of RTWP received by

the two antennas. Then the system calculates the difference between the two RTWP



values. If the absolute value of the difference is larger than pre-defined threshold, a

RTWP unbalanced alarm is reported.

3 Active Tx Gain Calibration

3.1 Objective Function

According to the 3GPP TS 25.104 protocol, the maximum output power of the Node B

must be within the range of device rated output power provided by the manufacturer ±

2.0 dB normally. In an extreme situation, it must be within the range device rated output

power provided by the manufacturer ± 2.5 dB.

To enhance the security and precision of the RF Tx power, and to reduce the margin

demand calculated for the maximum output power in network planning for higher output

power, ZTE has developed active Tx gain calibration. Normally, the output power of the

Node B can be with the range of baseband digital output power ± 0.5 dB normally; in an

extreme situation, it can be within the range of baseband digital output power ± 1 dB.

3.2 Principles of Implementation

Active Tx gain calibration is achieved by automatic closed loop adjustment of Node B

downlink gain, including Tx baseband digital power and Tx analog output power

synchronic measurement, active gain adjustment, abnormal power alarm. For details,

see the following:

Tx baseband digital power measurement

It is achieved by the FPGA: multiplex the downlink signal sent by the baseband as I/Q

data of carriers by the FPGA in transceiver board; calculate the power values of carriers

in the FPGA, and get the average Digital Tx Carrier Power (TCPWD) within a minute.

Tx analog output power measurement

Synthesize the signal from the pre-distortion feedback path of the transceiver board in

the ADC, then calculate the power of carriers in the FPGA, and get the average Analog

Tx CarrierPower (TCPWA) within a minute.

Active gain adjustment

Active gain adjustment controller compares the average Digital Tx Carrier Power

(TCPWD) to the average Analog Tx CarrierPower (TCPWA). If the analog power

deviates from the digital power (∆ =TCPWD - TCPWA) more than 0.3 dB, adjust the

digital gain adjustment factor to gradually adjust the total gain of the Tx path (once every

one minute) in a manner that the analog Tx power is gradually close to the digital Tx

power and Node B output power offset is compensated. The minimum step for



adjustment is 0.1dB. When the analog power deviates from the digital power (∆ =

TCPWD - TCPWA) less than 0.3 dB, the adjustment is complete.

Abnormal Power alarm

When the accumulated difference between the baseband digital power and the analog

output power is greater than 6 dB (|∆|>6dB), active gain adjustment stops and Node B

reports an abnormal power alarm.

When the Node B is running, the system will automatically start active Tx gain calibration

function to actively compensate the gain fluctuation that varies with the environment,

temperate change or component aging due to long-time. This ensures the precision of

Node B downlink output power without any manual operations.

4 Received Power Scanner


According to OMCB setting information, the transceiver board sets receiver center

frequencies one by one and calculates the Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)

within the carrier bandwidth of center frequencies, also called Received Signal Strength

Indicator (RSSI). Take the UMTS2100M band as an example. Configure a receiver

center frequency every 1 MHz between 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz. Report the measured

RTWP, and then scan the next center frequency and measure the RTWP. Finally, scan

and list the signal power received by the antenna with the uplink frequency band 1920

MHz – 1980MHz, and judge whether there is interfering signal on receiver frequency

bandwidth. When this function is enabled, antennas scan at the same: starting from

initial frequency, scan the power of within the carrier bandwidth center frequencies at

specific scanning stepped interval (1 MHz), calculate and report the RTWP.

4.2 Function Application

This function is originated manually: Start the received power scan order in the OMC -B

background. Then, the system prompts to interrupt current services and delete the cell.

After the scanning is complete, the frequency automatically res tores to the previous cell

frequency before scanning.

Interface path: view -> performance Management -> Measurement Task Management



5 Electrical Tilt Antenna

5.1 Functions of Electrical Tilt Antenna

Electrical tilt antennas are generally classified into two types: fixed and adjustable.

Adjustable electrical tilt antennas are also classified into two types by adjustment mode:

local and remote.

Remote electrical tilt antenna allows the system to adjust the downtilt angle in directional

pattern without powering off. Therefore, the antenna can be detected and adjusted in

real time, regardless of weather, geographic environment, etc. Its stepping precision in

angle adjustment is high (0.1°). Thus the remote electrical tilt antenna can be used to

adjust the network precisely, shorten the network construction period and reduce the

maintenance cost.

Electrical tilt antennas have the main functions:

Have standard AISG interfaces

Realize automatic angle adjustment of local antennas

Control automatic angle adjustment of remote antennas remotely

One RRU can control a maximum of three electrical tilt antennas to control the

motor

Perform configuration and network management through LMT or OMC.

5.2 Constitution of Electrical Tilt Antenna System

Electrical tilt antenna system is generally composed of electrical tilt antenna, a control

motor, lightning protection board, AISG cable, and other an electrical adjustment control

parts. The electrical tilt antenna and main accessories (control motor, lightning

protection board, route transfer board, etc.) are generally installed on the outdoor iron

standing at the top of the tower. They are mounted on a pole. Their external sealing and

waterproofing measures meet IP95 standard.

5.2.1 Control Motor

Generally, the control motor is also called Antenna Control Unit (ACU, a RFS control

motor) or Remote Control Unit (RCU, a Kathrein motor).

As a part of the antenna downtilt angle remote control system, the control motor

supports precise adjustment of antenna downtilt angle at the bottom of the tower or

through the network management system, as shown in Figure 5-1.



Figure 5-1 Appearance of Kathrein motor

5.2.2 Electrical Adjustement Bias Tee

Electrical adjustment Bias Tees are classified into Antenna Smart Bias Tees (ASBTs)

and Node B Smart Bias Tees (NSBT), shown in Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2 Appearance of Kathrein electrical adjustment bias tee

Its functions and typical characteristics are as follows:

Provide DC through RF cables and transmit AISG communication signal

Include AISG MODEM

Feature 824 MHz -2170 MHz wide frequency band application, small compact

outdoor unit

Have 10kA, 8 us/20 us lightning protection function

Support several connector types



5.2.3 Other Accessories

Other accessories include AISG divider, AISG control line, and AISG control line card.

Figure 5-3 Appearance of divider

Figure 5-4 Appearance of AISG control line

Figure 5-5 Appearance of AISG control line card



5.3 AISG Interface

Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) interface is a set of standard protocol

proposed by Antenna Interface Standard Association for remote control and monitoring

of antenna series products.

AISG has two protocol versions: ASIG1.1 and ASIG2.0. ASIG2.0 is written into 3GPP

R7, i.e., Iuant interface (electrical tilt antenna and tower amplifier standard control

interface)

ZTE WCDMA devices support remote electrical management of antennas from Andrew,

Kathrein, Argus, Powerwave, RFS, Mobi and Comba. These antennas have standard

AISG interfaces. ZTE WDCMA systems already supported ASIG1.1 in the V4.00.100 .

5.4 Typical Application of Electrical Tilt Antennas

5.4.1 Application Scheme of Single System Electrical Tilt Antennas in

Macro Base Station

This scheme is mainly used to remote scenarios where the macro base station location

is more than 30 meters away from the electrical tilt antenna. For the solution, refer to

Figure 5-6.



Figure 5-6 Remote scenario scheme for electrical tilt antenna in macro base station

7/8 Feeder Cables

½ Jumpers

½ Jumpers

Sector1 Sector2 Sector3

Node BUMTS

Tx/Rx Tx/RxD Tx/Rx Tx/RxD Tx/Rx Tx/RxD

NSBT

ASBT

ACU

RET

Tx/RxDTx/Rx

-45°+45°

RET

Tx/RxDTx/Rx

-45°+45°

RET

Tx/RxDTx/Rx

-45°+45°

AISG cable

Special AISG cable

5.4.2 Application Scheme of Single System Electrical Tilt Antennas in RRU

The RRU is usually installed outdoor. The following takes ZTE RRU as an example to

describe application scenario and solution for single system electrical tilt antenna.

5.4.2.1 Local scenario scheme for RRU + Electrical Tilt Antenna

In this scenario, the RRU installation location is generally less than 10 meters away from

the electrical tilt antenna. If the RRU and electrical tilt antenna are installed on the top of

a building, typical configuration is an antenna feeder system, including electrical tilt

antenna, RCU, Antenna Lightning Protect Unit (ALPD), and feeder cable. The single

sector configurations are shown in Figure 5-7 and Figure 5-8. Figure 5-8shows the

configuration in a scenario where the antenna is installed on the top of a building outside

without ALPD, and the antenna is connected to the RRU with an AISG cable. Three-

sector configuration is similar, as shown in Figure 5-9.



Figure 5-7 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU + ALPD scenario in a single sector

RRU

RCU

AISG cable

ALPD

Cable Optical fiber

BBU

Figure 5-8 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU scenario in a single sector

RRU

RCU

AISG cable

Cable Optical fiber

BBU



Figure 5-9 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU + ALPD scenario in three sectors

RRU

RCU

Cable Optical fiber

AISG cable

ALPD RRU

RCU

RRU

RCU

BBU

5.4.2.2 Remote scenario scheme for RRU + Electrical Tilt Antenna

In this scenario, the RRU is generally installed under the tower or indoor; the electrical

tilt antenna is installed on the tower; the distance between the electrical tilt antenna and

the RRU is greater than 10 meters. Typical configuration is an antenn a feeder system,

including electrical tilt antenna, RCU, NSBT, ASBT and feeder cable, as shown in Figure

5-10 and Figure 5-110. To regulate the configuration, the NSBT and ASBT are uniformly

installed on the main antenna.



Figure 5-10 RRU + electrical tilt antenna + RCU+NSBT+ASBT scenario in a single sector

Figure 5-11 RRU + electrical tilt antenna +RCU+NSBT+ASBT scenario in three sectors

BBU

RRU

Cable Optical fiber AISG cable

RCU

NSBT

ASBT

RRU

Cabl

e Optical fiber AISG cable

NSBT

ASBT



5.4.3 Local and Remote Control Application Schemes for Electrical Tilt Antenna System

Electrical tilt antennas are classified into Mechanical & Man fixed Electrical Tilt (MET)

antennas and Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) antennas. Local and remote monitoring

diagram is shown in Figure 5-12.

Figure 5-12 Local and remote monitoring diagram of electrical tilt antenna

The local computer realizes local communication and control through the LMT. The

OMC realizes remote control through the RNC and Node B.

6 Multi-band Support


Using module design, ZTE multiple frequency bands base stations solution can improve

multiplexing degree, shorten research and development cycle, reduce research and

development cost, and bring forth more benefit to our customers. Its principles of

implementation are described as follows:

1 The system architecture is designed based on the multi-band requirement, where

the RF module is replaced according to the corresponding bands.



2 For different bands, the RF module is configured by changing Transceiver Unit,

DuplexerUnit, and PA Unit corresponding to these bands. These units are also

designed on the same plat form, in the same architecture on based the multi -band

requirement.

3 Based on the existing software platform, related software can realize base station

function at multiple frequency band by changing its frequency configuration.

6.2 Supported Bands

3GPP defines 10 frequency bands in the UMTS system. For details, see the following

table:

Operating Band

UL Frequencies DL frequencies

UE transmit, Node B receive UE receive, Node B transmit

I 1920 - 1980 MHz 2110 -2170 MHz

II 1850 -1910 MHz 1930 -1990 MHz

III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz

IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz

V 824 - 849MHz 869-894MHz

VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz

VII 2500 - 2570 MHz 2620 - 2690 MHz

VIII 880 - 915 MHz 925 - 960 MHz

IX 1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz

X 1710-1770 MHz 2110-2170 MHz

The multi-band series of base station is an important part of ZTE series of base station.

Besides band I(2100MHz), band II(1900 MHz), III(1800 MHz), IV(AWS), V(850 MHz),

VIII(900 MHz) are supported also. In addition, customized band shall be supported to

satisfy customer requirements.

7 Dynamic Power Tracking

7.1 Objective

PA efficiency generally means the PA efficiency when the output power is the maximum.

In fact, the load of the NodeB changes largely with the time. During the busiest period in

the day, the PA output power approaches to the maximum, and then the PA efficiency

also approaches to the maximum. But late at night, the traffic is much lower, the service

load of the PA is lower accordingly, and then the PA efficiency is also lower. Therefore,

when the traffic is low, the PA wastes power energy due to low efficiency. Figure 7-1

shows the load variation of a WCDMA NodeB cell in an area in one day.



Figure 7-1 Load Variation of a WCDMA NodeB Cell in One Day

0 5 10 15 20 258

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

time(hour)

pow

er(w

)

BS transmit power & time

When the output power is low, the reason why the power efficiency is low is that the

traditional DPD+Doherty PA fixes the power supply voltage, that is, to reach a high

output and a high linearity, the PA must use high power supply voltage. In this way, the

PA also uses high power supply voltage even when the output power of the PA is low.

Therefore, the PA efficiency is low surely.

This traditional technology is unable to help operators reduce NodeB power

consumption in an all round way.

According to the emulation, compared to the fixed power supply voltage, adjusting the

bias voltage of PA power supply can enhance the PA efficiency when the output power

is at other levels besides at the maximum level.

7.2 Working Principle

Figure 14 shows the working principle of D-PT, a unique technology developed by ZTE.

This technology can adjust the bias voltage of the PA power supply. In combination with

the advanced Doherty technology, the D-PT can not only enable the PA efficiency to

reach 40% when the output power is the maximum, but also improve the PA efficiency

under other different loads, so as to reduce the power consumption of the overall system

of the NodeB. The solution perfectly satisfies operator‟s demands for energy saving,

The D-PT working principle is as follows:

1 Get measurement result of the digital transmitting power every two microseconds.

2 Compare the current digital power with the previous digital power. If the current

digital power is greater than the previous digital power, improve the drain voltage to

the voltage of the power range grade according to the power range query table.



When the current digital power is less than the previous digital power, count the

average digital power within one hour, and then reduce the drain voltage to the

voltage of the power range grade according to the power range query table.

3 Map the adjusted voltage to the state machine of the power module. The power

module then selects the output voltage based on the state machine.

4 After the voltage adjustment, the RF gain varies. The system performs automatically

large-step gain compensation according to the comparison between the digital

power and the analog output power. The system then makes fine tune on the

compensation by using the Active Tx Gain Cailibration function.

Figure 7-2 D-PT Working Principle Diagram

As the digital power changes in the operation of the NodeB, the system runs

automatically the D-PT function, thus reducing the power consumption of the overall

system of the NodeB, without any additional operation at the background.

8 Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulator Test

8.1 Function Objective

In the system performance test, due to the limit of terminal number and complexity of the

test environment, it is hard to construct a radio transmission environment with certain

interference level through a lot of terminals.

ZTE RAN devices support channels simulated by the OCNS function to use the

orthogonal channel codes. Each channel uses PN9 random codes that are not related

with each other. Each simulated channel has its own power, but the power ratio between



the channels is the same. Based on this principle, the OCNS can simulate the PAR of

signal interference between channel codes and signals in the actual environment. You

can simulate different downlink interference (load) level by setting the totol power of all

simulated channels, so as to evaluate the actual performance of the system under

different downlink loads conveniently. ZTE RAN devices support the OCNS to simulate

R99 and HSDPA channels, and can enable the OCNS function for multiple cells

simultaneously.

According to the 3GPP TS 25.141 protocol, the OCNS test supports six test modes (test

mode 1 - 6). Each test mode supports its own test items.

8.1.1 Test Mode 1

Test mode 1 has the following test items:

Occupied bandwidth

Spectrum emission mask

Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio

Spurious emissions

Transmit intermodulation

Base station maximum output power

Total power dynamic range (at Pmax))

Frequency error (at Pmax))

Error Vector Magnitude (at Pmax))

8.1.2 Test Mode 2


Output power dynamics

CPICH power accuracy

8.1.3 Test Mode 3


peak code domain error



8.1.4 Test mode 4


EVM measurement

Total power dynamic range

Frequency error

8.1.5 Test Mode 5

Test mode 5 has the following test item:

EVM for base stations supporting HS-PDSCH transmission using 16QAM modulation (at

Pmax)

8.1.6 Test Mode 6

Test mode 6 has the following test item:

Relative CDE for base stations supporting HS -PDSCH transmission using 64QAM

modulation

8.2 Implementation Principle

1 Users can edit the OCNS loading script with the following parameter configurations:

Base Station IP

Local cell ID

Test mode: one of the six test modes

Modulation method: modulation method in test mode 5 or 6 (0-QPSK, 1-QAM, 2-

64QAM)

Radio link power

Radio link channelized code

2 On a host that can be connected to the base station, use the OCNS test tools to run

the user-edited script to load the OCNS, and establish the code flow based on the

corresponding radio links generated and sent by the user script.



9 Smoothly Cell out off Service

9.1 Objective

When Node B is going to upgrade its SW/HW version or in other operation

&maintenance conditions that whole or part of Node B is needed to be power off, the cell

involved should be closed in advance.

The sudden disappearance of the cell without any helpful measurements, it will likely

result in call drop in the cell, which influences user experience and receiving user

complaints.

This function can realize the intelligently cell out off service, for example, when Node B

is gonging to upgrade its SW version, although there are lots of on -line user in the cell,

the users of this cell will not be impacted, this funct ion can help smoothly switch the UE

to the cell of other Node B or GSM network based on the hand-over strategy, by

reducing the power of Common Pilot Channel step by step before closing the cell that

will be upgraded.


9.2.1 Process for enabling ‘Smoothly Cell out off Service’

The function of Smoothly Cell out off Service is achieved by start-up, users handover,

and cell out. For details, see the following:

1 Start-up

Select View-> SDR Dynamic Data Management, Open the SDR Dynamic Data

Management, select the NE to be handled on the left topology tree, and select “Local

Cell Object” item on the center tree, click “Query”, all of the Local cell Objects will be

listed in the table of the right panel. Select the local cell objects that you want to handle

in this table, and click the button of “Local Cell Smooth Block”, then set the parameter of

“Total Attenuation Time(s)” in the popup dialog.

After setting the parameter, click OK button, it will send a function enabling message to

the corresponding process of OAM.

In default, this function is closed.

2 users handover

After OAM receives the function enabling message, it will forward the message include

the two parameters to RCS (Radio control subsystem, with responsibility for Iub

signaling process and transmit) Main Control Process.



i After receipt of the function enabling message, RCS Main Control Process

obtains the involved cell numbers from the database and broadcasts the

massage to these cells.

ii After RCS Cell Process receives the function enabling message with the two

parameters, sets the CPICH power attenuation timer based on the attenuation

interval time parameter, When the timing length is due, then constructs the cell

broadcast message with the CPICH power which be reduced from original

value based on the attenuation step parameter.

iii RNC knows that the pilot signal is gradually weakened via UE measurement,

and then it will switch the UE to the cell of other Node B or GSM network based

on the hand-over strategy.

iv After the function enabling message is send, if RCS Main Control Process

receives the cell set up or cell reconfiguration requirement message, it will

refuse the requirement and returns a cell set up or reconfiguration failed

message to the RNC, the users that are attempt to access the carrier a re

rejected, except that the function disabling message is send.

3 cell out

With gradual weakness of the pilot signal, the cell broadcast will be stopped, it means

that the cell will be closed after the power of CPICH is reach the threshold value (-

10dbm).

9.2.2 Process for disabling ‘Smoothly Cell out off Service’

If maintenance personnel wants to stop the function to keep the cell normally running

when the function is in the enable status, it can end the process of cell out via OMC-B

setting.

For details, see the following:

Select View-> SDR Dynamic Data Management, Open the SDR Dynamic Data

Management, select the NE to be handled on the left topology tree, and select

“Local Cell Object” item on the center t ree, click “Query”, all of the Local cell

Objects will be listed in the table of the right panel. Select the local cell objects that

you want to handle in this table, and click the button of “Local Cell Smooth unblock”,

then set the parameter of “Total Recovery Time(s)” in the popup dialog.

After click OK button, it will send a function disabling message to the corresponding

process of OAM.

1 After OAM receives the function disabling message, it will forward the message to

RCS Main Control Process



3 After receipt of the function disabling message, RCS Main Control Process obtains

the involved cell numbers from the database and broadcasts the massage to these

cells.

4 After RCS Cell Process receives the function disabling message, kills the CPICH

power attenuation timer, then constructs the cell broadcast message with the

original CPICH power.

10 Node B Energy Saving Mode

10.1 Objective

The power device will switch to battery automatically in case of mains power breakdown,

Node B Energy Saving Mode can help prolong battery serving time. The function can

shut down some carriers or all carriers intelligently to maintain the operation of

transmission equipment and basic service as long as possible, so the basic service gets

better guaranteed, and lower the requirement of battery capacity.


The function is achieved by function open, triggered by alarm, and recovery. For details,

see the following:

1 Function open

In the OMC-B Configuration Management interface, you can configure the parameter

“Enable open accumulator-saving mode or not”, open the mode.

In default, this function is closed.

2 triggered by alarm

When mains power breakdown, the „main power down alarm‟ is reported by Node B, at

the same time the power device will switch to battery automatically

After OAM receives the alarm message, if the function is opened, it begins the timers

based on the set parameters,

1)When the first timing length is due, it will shut down other cells smoothly until there is

only one in each sector, as described in chapter 9,we have consider this action‟s

affection to existing user, they will hand over to the reserved cells smoothly.

2) When the second timing length is due, all cells will be shut down, then the

BP(baseband processing) boards and SE(site alarm extension) board in the BP slot,

PAs in RSUs or RRUs will be shut down, FS(fabric switch board)will be shut down at



last. The other boards in BBU and transceiver in RSUs/RRUs are reserved, so BBU can

remain the connections with RSUs/RRUs and RNC.

3 Recovery

When the „main power down alarm‟ is recovered, it will power on these boards and PAs

that had been shut down and recover all these cells that had been blocked.

11 VSWR Alarm Recovery

11.1 Implementation principle

Assumed that Pf orward stands for detected forward power, Pbackward stands for detected

backward power. The VSWR is calculated according to the following formula,

Pf orward -Pbackward = 20log10((VSWR+1)/( VSWR-1))

When the measured value of VSWR is larger than default threshold (3.0) for consecutive

3 times, an over-VSWR alarm is reported. Then the system will disable its power

amplifier. Half hour later, the system will enable the power amplifer again to measure the

value of VSWR. If the value of VSWR is smaller than pre-defined threshold, the VSWR

alarm is automatically recovered. Otherwise, the power amplifier is disabled, and so on.

11.2 Application

This function is initiated by the system. It doesn‟t need manual intervention.

12 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm

12.1 Implementation Principle

A local cell is set up under a RRU or RSU. First, obtain the values of average analog

power received by two antennas, denoted in RTWPm and RTWPd. Then calculate the

absolute value of the difference between the two average analog power values for every

15 minute., i.e. abs(RTWPm – RTWPd). After that, check whether the absolute value is

greater or equal to alarm threshold. If yes, a RTWP unbalanced alarm is reported. If the

absolute value is smaller than alarm recovery threshold, a RTWP alarm-recovery

message is reported. If the absolute value falls in the range o f alarm threshold and alarm

recovery threshold, alarm status will be kept unchanged.

In general, the alarm threshold and alarm recovery threshold are the same, 10dB in

default. The threshold must fall in the range of [1,14]dB.



This alarm function is an option in some scenarios, so it has a switch. The alarm switch

is off in default. If there is a need to report this alarm, the switch is on. Application

It is used to detect whether an antenna is faulty.

13 Parameters and Configuration

13.1 Parameter List Abbreviated name Parameter name

Parent DN Parent DN

uniqueId Device serial number

devType Device Type

vendorCode Vendor code

aisgVersion AISG version

multiAntNo Subunits No.

userLabel Description of self-defined field

fatherPort Superior channel

selfPort Local channel

refTma Connected TMA device

refRet Connected RET device

refSdrDeviceGroup AISG main control unit

Tilt Tilt

13.2 RET Parameter Configuration

OMC Path

Interface Path: View->Configuration Management ->OMC->SubNetwork->Base station->

Base station Config Set->Equipment object->Auxiliary peripheral device->Antenna

system controller->AISG device object



Double clicked a record in the right table, or click the “Create MO Object” button to

create a new AISG device object, you can configure all of these parameters.



13.2.1 Parent DN

This parameter indicates the parent DN of this AISG device object. You can select one

as the parent DN of this object from the list.

13.2.2 Device serial number

This parameter is the unique ID of this AISG device object.

13.2.3 Device Type

This parameter indicates the specific type of electrical tilt antenna, such as RET, ATMA,

or COM.

13.2.4 Vendor code

This parameter indicates the vendor who produced this AISG device.

13.2.5 AISG Version No

This parameter indicates the AISG version.

13.2.6 Subunits No.

This parameter corresponds to an AISG device that can be controlled independently.

Attention that Subunits No. is invalid in the AISG1.1 and AISG2.0 Single RET devices.

13.2.7 Description of self-defined field

This parameter is the field that users create to descript this AISG device object, and it

can help to differentiate different AISG devices.

13.2.8 Superior channel

This parameter is used for the SDTMA devices of NSN private protocol. The superior

channel value is 0 in other devices.

13.2.9 Local channel

This parameter is used for the SDTMA devices of NSN private protocol. The superior

channel value is 0 in other devices.



13.2.10 Connected TMA device

Connected TMA device indicates the TMA device that this AISG device object

connected.

13.2.11 Connected RET device

Connected RET device indicates the TMA device that this AISG device object connected.

13.2.12 AISG main control unit

This parameter indicates the RRU device that connects to the 485 control cables of this

AISG device.

13.2.13 Tilt

OMC Path

Interface Path: SDR Configuration Management-> AISG Equipment Central

Management

Open the AISG Centralized Management interface.



Select the NE to be queried on the left topology tree, and right-click Query AISG Device

on the right menu.

The queried AISG devices are listed in the right table.

Right click the AISG of RET, and select “Set Tilt” item of the menu.



The Set Tilt dialog will pop up. Then set the tilt and click OK.

Parameter Configuration

This parameter specifies the downtilt angle of the electrical tilt antenna.



13.3 Smoothly Cell out off Service Parameter Configuration

OMC Path

Interface Path: View-> SDR Dynamic Data Management, Open the SDR Dynamic Data

Management.

Select the NE to be handled on the left topology tree, and select “Local Cell Object” item

on the center tree, click “Query”, you will see Local cell Objects are listed in the table of

the right panel.

Select the local cell objects that you want to handle in this table, and click the button of

“Local Cell Smooth Block”, then the parameter set dialog will pop up.



Set the value of “Total Attenuation Time(s)”, click “OK”:

Input the verify code and click “OK”, you will see the result.




The parameter of “total attenuation time(s)” indicates the time before the Local Cell

Objects are blocked.

13.4 Node B Energy Saving Mode Parameter

Configuration

OMC Path

Interface Path: View->Configuration Management -> Configuration Resource Tree->

100001[10.62.44.65:21099] -> test(Subnetwork name) ->aaa$ZXSDR

BS8700(V10.03.01)$0 -> Base Station Config Set 0 -> SdrFunction object(on the left

view)



Click the records on the right view then Open the “SdrFunction object” interface, you can

configure the parameter “Enable open accumulator-saving mode or not” now.



13.5 Intra-sector RTWP Unbalanced Alarm Parameter

Configuration

Notice that these parameters are configured in EOMS not in OMCB, unlike the

parameters configured below.

EOMS Path:

Interface Path: EOMS-> Base Station (right click) -> Set Base Station Attribute -> other

parameters (tab)



Notes: red words are alarm parameters.


Reception ant imbalance alarm switch: this parameter controls whether the “Reception

ant imbalance alarm ” enable or not.

Reception ant imbalance alarm threshold (db): this parameter indicates the scene that

the “Reception ant imbalance alarm” appears.

Reception ant imbalance resume (db): this indicates the scene that the “Reception ant

imbalance alarm” resumes.

14 Counter And Alarm

14.1 Counter List

This feature has no related counter.

14.2 Alarm List

14.2.1 Abnormal Power Alarm

Alarm Code

198092758

Alarm Description

abnormal Power

Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

1. PA is not enabled.

2. PA transmit power is abnormal;

3. RU has a fault.



14.2.2 RET Alarm

Alarm Code 198092688

Alarm Description

RET motor fault

Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

1.RET motor fault.

2.EMC fault


Alarm Description

RET hardware fault

Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

RET hardware fault.

EMC fault


Alarm Description

RET software fault

Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

Parameter error.


Alarm Description

ATMA communication link is interrupted

Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

1. ATMA device or RET device fault.

2. The communication link between ATMA/RET device and the system has a problem.

3. TAC border fault

4. EMC fault

Note: ATMA communication link is shared by ATMA device and RET device

14.2.3 VSWR alarm


Alarm Description

Remote antenna VSWR alarm High



Alarm Severity

Major

Alarm Causes

1. The antenna failure

2. The board failure.

Note:

15 Glossary

A

ACOM Active Combiner

ACU Antenna Control Unit

AISG Antenna Interface Standards Group

ALPD Antenna Lightning Protect Unit

ANT Antenna

ATMA AISG Tower Mounted Amplifier AISG

ADTMA AISG Dual Tower Mounted Amplifier

ASBT Antenna Smart Bias Tee

B

BT Bias Tee

L

LMT Local Management Terminal

M

MET Mechanical and Man fixed Electrical Tilt

N

NSBT Node B Smart Bias Tee

R

RCU Remote Control Unit

RCS Radio control subsystem



RET Remote Electrical Tilt

RF Radio Frequency Unit

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

RTWP Received Total Wideband Power

S

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

Documents

ret docslide.us_zte-umts-particular-radio-function-feature-guidev5020110407.pdf