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Resurgence of Muslim Empires. Chapter 21. I. Introduction. After the fall of Baghdad, Islamic power declined considerably Reemerged with Ottoman Empire in late 14 th century Followed by: Safavid Empire-Afghanistan and Iran Mughal- Northern India. I. Introduction. Focused on conquest - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 21
Resurgence of Muslim Empires
I. Introduction
After the fall of Baghdad, Islamic power declined considerably
Reemerged with Ottoman Empire in late 14th century Followed by:
Safavid Empire-Afghanistan and Iran Mughal- Northern India
I. Introduction
Focused on conquest Used gunpowder
Cannons and small arms Eventual conquered Constantinople in 1453 AD
(Ottomans)
II. Ottomans
Largest of new Muslim Empires Expanded greatly through conquest
Was founded in 1281Made of Turks who took power as a result of
Mongol and Seljuk Turk power vacuumNamed for OsmanSunni
II. Ottomans
Conquered much of the Byzantine Empire Constantinople fell to Sultan Mehmed II “The
Conqueror” Opened up invasion into Europe as far as Hungary
Used gunpowder considerably Cannons Janissaries- military slaves (educated) that were
skilled in artillery and firearms Became very influential
II. Ottomans
Sultans Effective but later become preoccupied with wealth
and pleasure Bureaucracy led by a grand vizier Became pleasure seeking which led to downfall Problems with succession
II. Ottomans
Constantinople Rebuilt after conquest
Hagia Sophia becomes a Mosque Many public works- aqueducts, hospitals etc. Guilds ran by government agencies
II. Ottomans
Decline Lasted for 600 years Over expanded 17th century major retreating started Corruption in government Sultans isolated in luxury Janissaries started to become more influential
II. Ottomans
Decline continued… Battle of Lepanto 1571
Huge sea battle that all but crushed Ottoman fleet Spanish and Venetians
Slight recovery that saved North Africa Allowed Portuguese to move in on Africa Lost Mediterranean
Inflation Technological stagnation
III. Safavids
Shi’aStarted with religious movement of Sufi Sail
al-Din who tried to reform Turkish IslamKnown as the Red HeadsBecame an empire under Isma’il when he
took Tabriz in 1501 Conquered most of modern day Iran and parts of Iraq
III. Safavids
Isma’il clashed with Ottomans at Chaldiran where his cavalry was slaughtered Solidified Ottoman dominance over Safavids
After Isma’il, period of turmoilAbbas I “The Great”
Used converted Russian slaves for military and control of firearms
European advisors Strengthened military
III. Safavids
Culture Used Persian rather than Turkish Leaders called padishah- king of kings Religion ruled by mullahs
Regulated by government Required to curse 1st 3 caliphs Forced conversion to Shi'ite Islam Public flagellation
Culture was Istafan
III. Safavids
Women Veiled yet wore colorful clothing? Elite women were more greatly secluded Concubines influenced rulers
Trade Constricted market compared to open Ottoman
market Encouraged art and skilled labor
III. Safavids
Decline Secluded leaders 1722 capital sieged and defeated by Afghani nomads
IV. Mughals
Founded by Babur and moved to India in 1526 Kicked out of Afghanistan Made attempts to return to Afghanistan but failed Turned to conquest of India
Greatly conquered Indians (Lodi) Problems after his death
IV. Mughals
Akbar Babur’s grandson (Humayan’s son) Took over at 13 and ruled for 49 years Illiterate yet smart Long term planning
Intermarriage with Hindus Respected Hinduism Got rid of Jizya Din-i-Ilahi
Tried to outlaw sati
IV. Mughals
Akbar’s Social Changes Homeless shelters Remarriage of widows Limited child marriage Women only days at markets
IV. Mughals
Jahangir (1569-1627) and Shah Jahan (1592-1666) Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan Luxurious living and for both Jahangir and Shah Jahan Highly influenced by spouses Traded textiles with Europeans Patrons of arts
IV. Mughal
Decline Huge military but inept Corrupt bureaucracy Aurangzeb expanded territory but tried to purify Islam
Drained treasury Peasant uprisings
Rebellions of the Marattas (Hindu) and Sikhs (branch of Hinduism)
V. Wrap Up
Muslim empires fell behind EuropeansMuslim Empires decline allowed Europeans
to make economic gains