Results of the Industrial Revolution…

ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL

ECONOMIC results:

Factory system

Mass production

Higher standards of living

Modern Capitalism: (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations)

◦Basic Principles:

◦“Laissez-Faire” Government/Economic Principles

◦Private Ownership / Private Property

◦Free Enterprise/Entrepreneurship

◦Profit Motive

◦Competition

◦A ‘Free Market’ Economy based on Supply/Demand

Economic Results (continued)

Rise of the Corporation, Big Business, and the Stock Market

Government Regulation of Industries

Economic Interdependence of Nations: (Global Economy / World Trade)

Economic Competition among Nations: (Markets/Raw Materials = Imperialism)

Labor Problems/bad working conditions…

◦Unions / Collective Bargaining / Picket / Strike

POLITICAL Results:

Growth of Democracy / Suffrage rights (vocab)◦ Rise of Middle and “Working” Class

Informed Citizenry:◦ Mass Media / Improved Communications

Growth of Nationalism

Launched the Age of Imperialism…◦Raw Materials / Markets/Competition

The Industrialized Nations became the world leaders by 1900:◦Great Britain◦U.S.A.◦Germany◦Japan

SOCIAL Results:

A “Dynamic” Society…

Increase in World Population

Growth of Cities

Improved status of women

Higher living standards

Stimulus for Education

Humanitarianism / Philanthropy:◦Abolition of Slavery (1807- Britain,

1808- USA)◦Missionary Services◦International Red Cross◦Public Education◦Philanthropists: Nobel, Rhodes,

Carnegie, Rockefeller, Ford

19th Century developments in Science…(see charts/overheads)

MEDICAL- cures/eradication of smallpox, yellow fever/malaria, germ theory, antiseptics, x-rays, psychology/psychiatry…

GEOLOGY

BIOLOGY/Botany/Cell Theory

GENETICS/Heredity

Theory of Evolution- Charles Darwin

Natural Selection/”Survival of the Fittest”

“Social Darwinism”-know/understand! (vocab)

Also: Chemistry/Physics/Atomic Theory, Electricity…

Problems of Labor/Industrialization

Labor discontent- low wages/long hours

Child Labor- (ages 5+)

Dangerous/unsafe working conditions

Workers lose jobs to machines- (technological unemployment)

People began to relocate in search of work: Emigration/Immigration (vocab)

These conditions will lead to REFORM movements…

Reform movements…

Labor UNIONS…

Collective bargaining

Picket/Strike/Boycott

“Industrial Warfare”…

(Workers vs. Employers)

Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie)

All of this is according to Karl MARX…

Governments began to abandon ‘Laissez-Faire’ in Labor- related matters…

This will be called SOCIAL Legislation

Begins in England with the…

Factory Act of 1833

Mines Act of 1842

Then things like Social Security laws…

Eventually Spreads to Germany, France, and eventually the US…

Movements to Displace Capitalism:

SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM (Marxism):

Socialists sought to reform society through government/economic changes…

Robert Owen/Utopian Socialism (impractical-too idealistic/didn’t work)

Then: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write the Communist Manifesto in 1848…

Called for a ‘working class’ Revolution…

“Workers of the World Unite!”See charts/handouts/overheads…(time

permitting)

Marxism/Socialism/Communism

Marx envisioned a ‘classless’ society based upon his principles of Communism…

Marxist ideas/principles: (see chart/overhead)

Remember:

Socialism can be achieved democratically, or peacefully- at the ballot box…This is called ‘Democratic Socialism’

However, Communism can ONLY be achieved through Revolution/VIOLENCE!

Thus: the “Radical Left” = Communism, or Totalitarianism…

Ex: Russian Revolution/USSR

Marx believed Socialism/Communism was inevitable and that Capitalism would eventually self-destruct…

However, he was WRONG!

Capitalism would change/improve over time and incorporate many changes brought about by the Labor movement and governments who passed Social Legislation

So…Capitalism would become even better and stronger!