Results of direct moulding conducted in TEBAMIX

SMARTSustainable Moulding of Articles from Recycled TyresFirst Year Project MeetingRome, the 27th and 28th of February 20131The following samples were received from:Rubber granulate(powder) 0-0,8 mm*Rubber granulate 1-2 mm*Rubber granulate 1-4 mm*Rubber buffing**

*- produced by ORZE S.A. - miw ** produced by FBO Rubber Technology Company - Wolbrom

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4Effect of moulding pressure Mould construction

Processing conditions:Moulding temperature : 180 o CMoulding time : 15 min (starting from hot moulds)Moulding pressure: variable

Effect of moulding pressure on the granulate (1-2 mm) parametersMeasured parameters:Hardness Thickness Tensile strength Elongation at break Density

The materials (rubber granulate and buffing) were direct moulded in plates of 150mm x4 mm before obtaining dog-bone specimens.Details for specified tests Test method Relevant standard

Device modelDevice photoHardness (Shore A)

PN-80/C-04238Zwick digital Shore hardness testersTensile strength and elongation at break

PN-ISO 37Testing Machine ZMGI 500Thickness

PN-ISO 37Thickness gage Sylvac 25mm/0,001Density

PN-ISO 2781+AC1Analytical balance WAS 136/C/2Density determination kit

Change of the tensile strength [MPa]Change of the elongation at break [%]Change of the hardness [oShA]Change of the density [ g/cm3]Change of the thicknessEffect of moulding pressure on the granulate (1-2 mm) all samples

Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder samples thickness ~ 20 mm

Rubber powder was dried under different conditions:180 C x 30 min - on the press plate 150 C x 60 min - on the press plate 120 C x 90 min - in a dryer

Blisters are present in all samples.

Mixing different types of granules in one sample

Upper layer powder 0-0.8 mm* (3 mm thickness)Lower layer granulate 1-2 mm (15 mm thickness)

* The rubber powder was undried. The surface is smooth and don't have blisters.Another experimentsProcessing conditions:Moulding temperature : 180 o CMoulding time : 15 min (starting from hot moulds)Moulding pressure: 3,2 MPa Plates dimension: 120 x 90 x 4 mm*

*unless otherwise noted

Mould construction:

Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder* (0-0,8mm)No blisters

No blisters*Samples dimension: 120x90x2Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder* (0-0,8mm)*Samples dimension: 120x90x2Comparison all tested granulatesAll samples were made by using direct moulding.Modification of surface granulates (1-2 mm) by addition:Curing system (vulcanising agent, accelerator)SulphurTMTDZinc stearatePlasticisersParaffinic oilAromatic oil Machine oilSolventsWaterExtraction gasolineResin (other than polyurethane binder)novolac

Modification by sulphur - influence increase the percentage of sulfurModification by TMTD and sulphur/TMTD (5:1) Modification by zinc stearateModification by plasticisersModification by solventsModification by novolac (resin)Recycled rubber products were made by using of polyurethane binder.Processing conditions

Moulding temperature : 90 o CMoulding time : 7 min (starting from hot moulds)Moulding pressure: 3,2 MPa Plates dimension: 120 x 90 x 4 mmPolyuretane binder content : 6 wt %Rubber plates were moulded by using:

Rubber granulate(powder) 0-0,8 mmRubber granulate 1-2 mmRubber granulate 1-4 mmRubber buffing

Comparison all tested samples were obtained by using of polyurethane resinComparision of samples ( similar density 1.12-1.15g/cm3)