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7/24/2019 Result Discussion Lab 5 Thermo
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APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT:
Perfect gas expansion apparatus, mode T! ""
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PR#$EDURES:
%enera start&up
"' T(e e)uipments are connected to singe p(ase po*er supp+ and t(e unit is s*itc( on'
' T(en, open a -a-es and t(e pressure reading pane' T(is is to ma.e sure t(at t(e
c(am/ers are under atmosp(eric pressure'
0' After t(at, cose a t(e -a-es'
1' Next, connect t(e pipe from compressi-e port of t(e pump to pressure c(am/er or
connect t(e pipe from -acuum port of t(e pump to -acuum c(am/er' T(e connect must
not does at t(e same time'
2' No*, t(e unit is read+ to use'
Experiment "
"' T(e genera start up procedure is performed' Ma.e sure a -a-e are fu+ cosed'
' $ompressi-e pump is s*itc( on and ao*ed t(e pressure inside t(e c(am/er to increase
up to a/out "23.Pa' T(en, s*itc( off t(e pump and remo-e t(e (ose from t(e c(am/er'
0' T(e pressure reading inside t(e c(am/er is monitor unti t(e reading sta/ii4es'
1' T(e pressure reading for /ot( c(am/ers is recorded /efore expansion'
2' #pen 53 fu+ and ao*ed t(e pressuri4ed air fo* into t(e atmosp(eric c(am/er'
6' T(e pressure reading for /ot( c(am/ers after expansion is recorded'
7' T(e experiment is repeated under difference condition:
a8 9rom atmosp(eric c(am/er to -acuum c(am/er'
/8 9rom pressuri4ed c(am/er to -acuum c(am/er'
' T(en, cacuated t(e P5 -aue and pro-e t(e ;o+es< =a*'
Experiment 0
"' T(e genera start up is perform ma.e sure a -a-e are fu+ cosed'
' T(e (ose form compressi-e pump is connected to pressuri4ed c(am/er'
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0' T(e compressi-e pump is s*itc( on and ao*ed t(e pressure inside t(e c(am/er to
increase unti a/out "63.Pa' T(en, s*itc( off t(e pump and remo-e t(e (ose from t(e
c(am/er'
1' T(e pressure reading inside is monitor unti it is sta/ii4es' T(e pressure reading PT" and
temperature reading TT" are recorded'
2' T(en, open t(e -a-e 5 3" sig(t+ and ao* t(e air fo* out so*+ unti it reac(
atmosp(eric pressure'
6' T(e pressure of t(e reading and t(e temperature reading after t(e expansion process are
recorded'
7' T(e isentropic expansion process is discussed'
Experiment 1
"' Perform t(e genera start up procedures' Ma.e sure a -a-e are fu+ cosed'
' T(e (ose is connected from t(e compressi-e pump to t(e pressuri4ed c(am/er'
0' T(e compressi-e pump is s*atc( on and ao*ed t(e pressure inside t(e c(am/er to
increase unti a/out "63.Pa' T(en, s*itc( off t(e pump and remo-e t(e (ose from t(e
c(am/er'
1' T(e pressure reading is monitor unti it is sta/ii4es' Recorded t(e pressure reading PT"'
2' T(e -a-es 5 3" is open fu+ and /ring it /ac. to t(e cosed position instant+' Monitor
and recorded t(e pressure reading PT" unti it /ecame sta/e'
6' Repeated step2 for at east 1 times'
7' T(e pressure is dispa+ on t(e grap( and discuss'
Experiment 6
"' Perform t(e genera start up procedure' Ma.e sure a -a-e is cose
' T(e compressi-e pump is s*itc( on and ao*s t(e pressure inside t(e c(am/er increase
up to "23.Pa' T(en, s*itc( off t(e pump and remo-e t(e (ose from t(e c(am/er'
0' T(e pressure reading inside t(e c(am/er is monitor unti it sta/ii4es'
1' T(e pressure reading for /ot( c(am/ers /efore t(e expansion is recorded'
2' T(e 5 3 is open and ao*s t(e pressure air fo* into t(e atmosp(eric c(am/er so*+'
6' T(e pressure reading for /ot( c(am/ers after t(e expansion is recorded'
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7' T(e experiment procedure is repeated for difference condition
a8 9rom atmosp(eric c(am/er to -acuum c(am/er'
/8 9rom pressuri4ed c(am/er to -acuum c(am/er'
' T(en, t(e ratio of t(e -oume is cacuated and compare *it( t(e t(eoretica -aue'
Experiment 7
"' T(e genera start up is performs' Ma.e sure a -a-e is fu+ cose'
' T(e compressi-e pump is connected to pressuri4ed c(am/er'
0' T(e compressi-e pump is s*itc( on and ao*s t(e pressure inside t(e c(am/er to
increase unti a/out "63.Pa' T(en, s*itc( off t(e pump and remo-e t(e (ose from t(e
c(am/er'
1' T(e pressure reading inside t(e c(am/er is monitor unti is sta/ii4ed' T(e recorded t(e
pressure reading PT" and temperature TT"'
2' #pen t(e -a-e 5 3" fu+ and /ring it to cose unti after a fe* seconds' Monitor and
recorded t(e reading PT" and temperature TT" unti it /ecome sta/e'
6' T(e ratio of t(e (eat capacit+ is determines and t(en compare *it( t(e t(eoretica -aue'
>'
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RESULT
Experiment 1: Boys Law Experiment
$ondition T+pes of $(am/er Pressure ?.pa8 Temperature ?o$8
;efore Expansion 5acuum "3'> 2'Pressure "0' 2'6
After Expansion5acuum "6'3 2'"
Pressure "6' 6'1
Ta/e: Pressure reading for /ot( c(am/ers /efore and after expansion
Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Process
$ondition Pressure, PT" ?.Pa8 Temperature, TT" ?o$8
;efore Expansion "2"'> 7'"
After Expansion "30'2 2'"
Ta/e: T(e pressure and temperature reading in pressuri4ed c(am/er
Experiment 4: Stepwise Depressuriation
Pressure, PT" ?.Pa8
;efore
Expansion
After Expansion
"st Tria ndTria 0rd Tria 1t( Tria
"20'> "7'0 """'2 "31'2 "30'
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1st Expansion 2nd Expansion 3rd Expansion 4th Expansion0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Response of pressuri4ed -esse foo*ing step*ise depressuri4ation
Expansion
Pressure (kPa)
Experiment !
Pressure?.Pa8
Part PT " PT
;efore expansion After expansion ;efore expansion After expansion
PT " to PT "12' "0"'" "32'6 ">'2
PT to PT " "31'" ""7'> "12'2 ""7'3
Experiment "
;efore expansion After expansion
Pressure ?.Pa8 "21' "3'
Temperature ?o$8 2'1 6'7
S#$PLE %& '#L'UL#TI%(
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Experiment 1: Boy)es Law Experiment
Idea gas e)uation, P5@RT'
9or ;o+e'"2 2B$
!ence, R@ '0"1L. kPa
K . mol
9or Pressure -esse:
;efore expansion @ "0' .Pa,
After Expansion @ "6' .Pa'
T(en 5"and 5is cacuated
5" @RT
P1
@(8.314 L.kPaK . mol ) (298.15K)(1mol)
138.8kPa
@ "7'6 =
5 @RTP
2
@(8.314 L.kPaK . mol ) (298.15K)(1mol)
126.8kPa
@ ">'22 =
;+ using ;o+e
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P"5" P5?pro-ed8
T(e difference /et*een P"5" and P5 is on+ 3'3, (ence, t(e ;o+e
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Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Process
T2
T1
=P
2
( k1k
)
P1
TCT"@ ?PC P"8?.&" C .8
?2'"8 C ?7'"8 @ ?"30'28 C ?"2"'>8?.&" C .8
3'>6 @ ?3'6"18?.&" C .8
n 3'>6 @ ?.&"8C . n 3'6"1
&3'3767 @ ?.&"8C.?&3'0068
3'">>> @ ?.&"8C.
* + 1,34
T(e difference is ?"'1&"'018 x "33 @ 6F
G(ere
actua . @ "'1
t(eoretica . @ "'01
Experiment !
"8 Pressure c(am/er to -accum c(am/er
P"5"@ P55C 5"@ P"C P5C 5"@ "0"'"C "12'
5C 5"@ 3'>30
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In -acuum c(am/er:
P"5"@ P55C 5"@ P"C P5C 5"@ "32'6 C ">'2
5C 5"@ 3'"2
T(eoretica -aue
5 C 5"@ "2 C 2
@ 3'6
8 Atmosp(eric c(am/er to -accum c(am/er
P1V1= P2V2
V2/ V1= P1/ P2
V2/ V1= 104.1 / 117.0
V2/ V1= 0.88
Experiment ": Determination o- .eat 'apacity
he expression o! heat "apa"it# ratio is$
Cv
R ln
T2
T1= %&n
V2
V1
'here(V
2
V1=
P1T
1
P2T2
Cv
8.314L.kPa
K . mol
ln298 .55K
299.85K=
%&n(154.2kPa)(298.55K)(108.8kPa)(299.85K)
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)* = 66+.88L. kPa
K . mol
)p= )*, -
)p= 66+.88L. kPa
K . mol, 8.314
L . kPa
K . mol
= 674.204L. kPa
K . mol
here!ore( the ratio is$
Cp
CV =
(674.204 L.kPa
K . mol)
(665.8 L.kPa
K . mol)
= 1.026
he theoreti"a& *a&ue o!C
p
CV is 1.4
Per"entae error =Theoretical valueActual value
Actual value x 100
=1.41.026
1.026 x 100
= 36.40
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DIS'USSI%(
According to =ange,">6>, ;o+e
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t(e resuted -aue of (eat capacit+ ratio and t(e t(eoretica -aue is a/out 06'1"F' T(is -aue
aso de-iated )uite muc( from t(e t(eoretica -aue and can /e expained /+ t(e accidenta
mista.es done'
"8 Nor/ert A' =ange '">6>' =ange