Restoration of OrderRestoration of Order

Feudalism and the ManorFeudalism and the Manor

The Turn of the MillenniumThe Turn of the Millennium Before the year 1000 Christians were Before the year 1000 Christians were

expecting the world to endexpecting the world to end This fear, along with reformed monasticism in This fear, along with reformed monasticism in

the 10the 10thth century allowed the papacy to century allowed the papacy to consolidate power into the power that is consolidate power into the power that is recognized as the Roman Catholic Church recognized as the Roman Catholic Church todaytoday

Surpluses of grain revitalized urban Surpluses of grain revitalized urban population and bolstered tradepopulation and bolstered trade

The Feudal system that began under the The Feudal system that began under the Carolingians began to solidify into a form of Carolingians began to solidify into a form of government as it dictated the culture, society, government as it dictated the culture, society, and economics of the 10and economics of the 10thth and 11 and 11thth centuries centuries

Economic and Social ChangesEconomic and Social Changes Manorialism- the economic ordering of Manorialism- the economic ordering of

agricultural production and the agricultural production and the organization of the lives of the peasants organization of the lives of the peasants involved with that productioninvolved with that production

Feudalism- describes the relationship Feudalism- describes the relationship between a lord and his vassals and to the between a lord and his vassals and to the society itselfsociety itself

In the middle ages 90% of the population In the middle ages 90% of the population was peasants while 10% was nobility, was peasants while 10% was nobility, clergy, and merchantsclergy, and merchants

ManorialismManorialism Medieval Europe had a mix of agricultural Medieval Europe had a mix of agricultural

methodsmethods Some areas were farmed by free peasants who Some areas were farmed by free peasants who

owned land and mixed cultivation with fishing or owned land and mixed cultivation with fishing or herdingherding

Most of the grain came from large manors with serfs Most of the grain came from large manors with serfs who were unfree peasants that worked the landwho were unfree peasants that worked the land

The manor was a community of peasants The manor was a community of peasants organized under the authority of a lordorganized under the authority of a lord Was a unit of economic, judicial, and social Was a unit of economic, judicial, and social

organizationorganization Characteristic of southeast England, northern Characteristic of southeast England, northern

France, western Germany, and the Rhone and Po France, western Germany, and the Rhone and Po river valleysriver valleys

Drawing of a ManorDrawing of a Manor

Medieval ManorMedieval Manor

The Lord’s ControlThe Lord’s Control Serfs and their children could not leave the manor Serfs and their children could not leave the manor

without the lord’s permissionwithout the lord’s permission The Lord ran a manorial court which could levy The Lord ran a manorial court which could levy

finesfines The lord charged serfs to use his mill or winepressThe lord charged serfs to use his mill or winepress The lord provided the local police and court systemThe lord provided the local police and court system Men had to work at least 3 days a week on the Men had to work at least 3 days a week on the

lord’s land and had to provide special services at lord’s land and had to provide special services at certain times of the yearcertain times of the year

Peasant paid rent in money and goodsPeasant paid rent in money and goods Peasants had to give mandatory gifts at holidaysPeasants had to give mandatory gifts at holidays If a man chose to marry off his daughter he paid If a man chose to marry off his daughter he paid

the lordthe lord If a serf moved from the manor he paid a yearly If a serf moved from the manor he paid a yearly

fine until he returnedfine until he returned

Housing and FoodHousing and Food Lived in villages surrounded by fieldsLived in villages surrounded by fields Peasants built stone houses and extended Peasants built stone houses and extended

families lived togetherfamilies lived together Where stone was scarce, they built A-frame Where stone was scarce, they built A-frame

houses with woven branches and clayhouses with woven branches and clay They slept on a straw pallet and usually They slept on a straw pallet and usually

displayed a crucifix in the roomdisplayed a crucifix in the room They ate mostly grain with the addition of They ate mostly grain with the addition of

eggs, cheese, beans, oats, peas, and a bit of eggs, cheese, beans, oats, peas, and a bit of meat (mutton)meat (mutton)

They drank either beer or wine depending They drank either beer or wine depending on where they livedon where they lived

FeudalismFeudalism Describes the personal bonds among the elite societyDescribes the personal bonds among the elite society Refers to a patron/client relationship between two Refers to a patron/client relationship between two

freemenfreemen Vassal- a person who put himself under the protection Vassal- a person who put himself under the protection

of a lord in exchange foe military aidof a lord in exchange foe military aid Lord and vassal both came from the upper classes of Lord and vassal both came from the upper classes of

societysociety The vassal had to come to the aid of the lord and the The vassal had to come to the aid of the lord and the

lord owed the same to the vassallord owed the same to the vassal Fief- the land that is given to the vassal from the lordFief- the land that is given to the vassal from the lord A vassal could receive fiefs from different lords but A vassal could receive fiefs from different lords but

could only have one could only have one liegeliege