RESPIRATORY SYSTEMPART IIINOVEMBER 2

AGENDA

● REVIEW● QUESTION● NOTES● ACTIVITY

REVIEW

<Cellular Respiration/Aerobic Respiration>

glucose + oxygen →

energy + water + carbon dioxide

C6

H12

O6

+ 6 O2

→ ATP + 6 H

2O + 6 CO

2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) via phosphorylation

Phosphorylation: the

addition of a phosphate

group to a molecule;

Respiratory Structures

What characteristics of the alveoli make them ideal for gas exchange?

1. DISTANCE

Thin membrane → 0.1 and 0.2 um

2. SURFACE AREA

150 million alveoli/lung → cover half a tennis court = 40 x S.A of a human body

3. AMOUNT

O2

rich alveolus + O2

poor capillary

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

INSPIRATION● DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS

= FLATTENS● INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

CONTRACT● RIB CAGE MOVES

UPWARD + OUTWARD● INCREASE IN CHEST

CAVITY ● PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS

DECREASES● AIR MOVES INTO THE

LUNGS (DOWN THE PRESSURE GRADIENT)

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

EXPIRATION● DIAPHRAGM RELAXES

= DOME-SHAPED● INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX● RIB CAGE MOVES DOWNWARD● DECREASE IN CHEST CAVITY ● PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS

INCREASES● AIR MOVES OUT OF THE LUNGS

(DOWN THE PRESSURE GRADIENT)

QUESTION

How many times do we breathe?

● 12-20 times/minute● 17,000-30,000 breaths/day

How does air gets moisturized?

Air gets warmed up and moisturized as it enters the nasal cavity.

Adam’s apple?

Band of cartilage - protects larynx

Women have them too, but male’s is more prominent because during puberty, they increase in size and thickness

Alveolus diameter?

Chest pain?

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleural membranes and the buildup of fluids in the chest cavity - caused when the pleural membranes rub together→ greater pressure on the lungs, exhalation easier, but inhalation difficult and painful

Pigeon chest?

Higher chance of respiratory infection

NOTES

Respiratory Structures and Processes

LUNG CAPACITY

Spirograph● Represents the amt and speed of air that is ventilated

Spirograph● Tidal volume

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal, involuntary breathing

● Inspiratory reserve volumeThe volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation

● Expiratory reserve volumeThe volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation

● Vital capacityThe total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath

● Residual volumeThe volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation

ACTIVITY