This resource type was originally developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University in 2019. It is used and distributed with permission by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. The Incubator’s educational materials are not intended to serve as endorsements or sources of primary data, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Harvard University.

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Noncommunicable Disease Resource Pack 2019

Overview This resource pack on non-communicable diseases was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator. Materials cover health challenges (e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, etc.), risk factors (e.g., obesity, smoking, etc.), social and environmental determinants of health, and responses from within and outside the health sector.

This resource pack includes:

• At-A-Glance • General NCDs • Mental Health: General • Mental Health/Neuro: Dementia • Substance Use Disorders: General • NCD Risk Factors • NCD: U.S. • NCDs Country Cases • Country Profiles • Teaching Material • Data

The Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University supports interdisciplinary education about world health through the production, curation, and dissemination of educational public goods.

Resource Pack: Noncommunicable Disease

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Selected Resources *indicates resource listed in GHELI's online Repository

AT-A-GLANCE

* Data Interactive. GBD Compare GBD Compare. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2019. http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare.

* Report. Time to Deliver: Report of the WHO Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs Nishtar S et al. Time to Deliver: Report of the WHO Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs. The Lancet 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31258-3.

* Report. 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/global-nutrition-report-2018.

* Country Profiles. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en.

* Fact Sheets. Noncommunicable Diseases Noncommunicable Diseases. Fact Sheets. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.

Fact Sheet. Diabetes Diabetes. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.

Fact Sheet. Cancer Cancer. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer.

Fact Sheet. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds).

Fact Sheet. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd).

GENERAL NCDS

* Article. NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide Trends in Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Progress Towards Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4 NCD Countdown 2030 Collaborators. NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide Trends in Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Progress Towards Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4. The Lancet 2018; 392(10152): 1072-1088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5.

* Article Series. The Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and Economics The Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and Economics. The Lancet 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/series/Taskforce-NCDs-and-economics.

Article. Investing in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Management to Advance the Sustainable Development Goals Nugent R et al. Investing in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Management to Advance the Sustainable Development Goals. The Lancet 2018; 391(10134): 2029-2035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30667-6.

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Article. Tackling Socioeconomic Inequalities and Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries under the Sustainable Development Agenda Niessen LW et al. Tackling Socioeconomic Inequalities and Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries under the Sustainable Development Agenda. The Lancet 2018; 391(10134): 2036-2046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30482-3.

Article. Action to Address the Household Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases Jan S et al. Action to Address the Household Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases. The Lancet 2018; 391(10134): 2047-2058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30323-4.

Article. Equity Impacts of Price Policies to Promote Healthy Behaviors Sassi F et al. Equity Impacts of Price Policies to Promote Healthy Behaviors. The Lancet 2018; 391(10134): 2059-2070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30531-2.

Article. Investing in Non-Communicable Diseases: An Estimation of the Return on Investment for Prevention and Treatment Services Bertram MY et al. Investing in Non-Communicable Diseases: An Estimation of the Return on Investment for Prevention and Treatment Services. The Lancet 2018; 391(10134): 2071-2078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30665-2.

* Report. Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2017 Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2017. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-progress-monitor-2017/en.

* Report. Integrating Health Services for Young People: Tackling the Growing Noncommunicable Disease Epidemic Kaneda T, Naik R. Integrating Health Services for Young People: Tackling the Growing Noncommunicable Disease Epidemic. Population Reference Bureau 2017. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2017/Health-Services-Young-People.aspx.

CARDIOVASCULAR AND STROKE

* Article. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology 2019; 18(5): 439-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1.

* Article. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders: Key Messages From Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition Prabhakaran D et al. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders: Key Messages From Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition. The Lancet 2018; 391(10126): 1224–1236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32471-6.

* Report. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition: Volume 5. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders Prabhakaran D et al., eds. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition: Volume 5. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28875.

* Article. Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure from 1975 to 2015: A Pooled Analysis of 1479 Population-Based Measurement Studies with 19.1 Million Participants Zhou B et al. Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure from 1975 to 2015: A Pooled Analysis of 1479 Population-Based Measurement Studies with 19.1 Million Participants. The Lancet 2017; 389(10064): 37-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5.

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DIABETES

* Report. Global Report on Diabetes 2016 Global Report on Diabetes 2016. World Health Organization 2016. http://www.who.int/diabetes/global-report/en.

* Article. Worldwide Trends in Diabetes Since 1980: A Pooled Analysis of 751 Population-Based Studies With 4·4 Million Participants Worldwide Trends in Diabetes Since 1980: A Pooled Analysis of 751 Population-Based Studies With 4·4 Million Participants. The Lancet 2016; 387: 1513-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8.

CANCER

* Article. The Cancer Miracle Isn’t a Cure. It’s Prevention Drexler M. The Cancer Miracle Isn’t a Cure. It’s Prevention. Harvard Public Health Magazine 2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/the-cancer-miracle-isnt-a-cure-its-prevention.

* Article. The Global Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in 2017: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Global Burden of Disease Childhood Cancer Collaborators. The Global Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in 2017: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 1211-1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30339-0.

* Article. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 GBD Cancer Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017. JAMA Oncology 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996.

* Report. Integration of Oncology and Palliative Care Kaasa S et al. Integration of Oncology and Palliative Care. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(11): 588-653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30415-7.

* Article Series. Cancer Prevention Cancer Prevention. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-prevention.

Article. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Diet, and Cancer: An Update and Emerging New Evidence Kerr J et al. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Diet, and Cancer: An Update and Emerging New Evidence. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(8): 457-471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30411-4.

Article. Preventive Therapy for Cancer Cuzick J. Preventive Therapy for Cancer. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(8): 472-482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30536-3.

Article. Cardiotoxic Effects of Anthracycline-Based Therapy: What is the Evidence and What are the Potential Harms? Levis B et al. Cardiotoxic Effects of Anthracycline-Based Therapy: What is the Evidence and What are the Potential Harms? The Lancet 2017; 18(8): 445-456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30535-1.

Article. The Role of Government and Regulation in Cancer Prevention Brawley O et al. The Role of Government and Regulation in Cancer Prevention. The Lancet 2017; 18(8): 483-493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30374-1.

Article. Genomic Approaches to Accelerate Cancer Interception Beane J et al. Genomic Approaches to Accelerate Cancer Interception. The Lancet 2017; 18(8): 494-502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30373-X.

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* Article Series. Special Issue: Cervical Cancer Prevention: Recent Progress and the Unfinished Agenda in Low-and Middle-Income Countries Tsu VD, Sosa C, eds. Special Issue: Cervical Cancer Prevention: Recent Progress and the Unfinished Agenda in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017, 138(S1): 1-73. http://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/issue/10.1111/ijgo.2017.138.issue-S1.

Article. Cervical Cancer Prevention for All Women: Why Now? Tsu VD. Cervical Cancer Prevention for All Women: Why Now? International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2017; 138(1): 1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12188.

Article. Ending Cervical Cancer: A Call to Action Aranda S et al. Ending Cervical Cancer: A Call to Action. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2017; 138(1): 4-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12182.

* Article Series. Health, Equity, and Women's Cancers Health, Equity, and Women's Cancers. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/womens-cancers.

Article. The Global Burden of Women’s Cancers: A Grand Challenge in Global Health Ginsburg O et al. The Global Burden of Women’s Cancers: A Grand Challenge in Global Health. The Lancet 2016; 389(10071): 847-860. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31392-7.

Article. Interventions to Close the Divide for Women with Breast and Cervical Cancer Between Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries and High-Income Countries Denny L et al. Interventions to Close the Divide for Women with Breast and Cervical Cancer Between Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries and High-Income Countries. The Lancet 2016; 389(10071): 861-870. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31795-0.

Article. Changing Global Policy to Deliver Safe, Equitable, and Affordable Care for Women’s Cancers Ginsburg O et al. Changing Global Policy to Deliver Safe, Equitable, and Affordable Care for Women’s Cancers. The Lancet 2016; 389(10071): 871-880. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31393-9.

* Report. The Expanding Role of Primary Care in Cancer Control Rubin G et al. The Expanding Role of Primary Care in Cancer Control. The Lancet Oncology 2015; 16: 1231–1272. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00205-3.

OTHER

* Article Series. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/COPD2017.

Article. What Does Endotyping Mean for Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Agustí A et al. What Does Endotyping Mean for Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? The Lancet 2017; 390(10098): 980-987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32136-0.

Article. Palliative Care and Management of Troublesome Symptoms for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Maddocks M et al. Palliative Care and Management of Troublesome Symptoms for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The Lancet 2017; 390(10098): 988-1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32127-X.

Article. Eosinophils in COPD: Just Another Biomarker? Bafadhel M et al. Eosinophils in COPD: Just Another Biomarker? The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2017; 5(9): 747-759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30217-5.

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* Article Series. Sickle-Cell Disease Sickle-Cell Disease. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/haematology-2016.

Article. The Intersection Between Asthma and Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle-Cell Anaemia DeBaun MR, Strunk RC. The Intersection Between Asthma and Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle-Cell Anaemia. The Lancet 2016; 387(10037): 2545-2553. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00145-8.

Article. Fetal Haemoglobin in Sickle-Cell Disease: From Genetic Epidemiology to New Therapeutic Strategies Lettre G, Bauer DE. Fetal Haemoglobin in Sickle-Cell Disease: From Genetic Epidemiology to New Therapeutic Strategies. The Lancet 2016; 387(10037): 2554-2564. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01341-0.

Article. Cardiovascular Complications and Risk of Death in Sickle-Cell Disease Gladwin MT. Cardiovascular Complications and Risk of Death in Sickle-Cell Disease. The Lancet 2016; 387(10037): 2565-2574. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00647-4.

MENTAL HEALTH: GENERAL

* Report. Mental Health Atlas 2017 Mental Health Atlas 2017. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/mental_health_atlas_2017/en.

* Report. The Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development Patel V et al. The Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development. The Lancet 2018: 392(10157): 1553-1598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-X.

* Report. Integrating the Response to Mental Health Disorders and Other Chronic Diseases in Health Care Systems Integrating the Response to Mental Health Disorders and Other Chronic Diseases in Health Care Systems. World Health Organization 2014. https://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/gulbenkian_paper_integrating_mental_disorders/en.

MENTAL HEALTH:/NEURO: DEMENTIA

* Report. Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/commissions/dementia2017.

Report. Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025 Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/dementia/action_plan_2017_2025/en.

Topic Portal. Dementia Dementia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/dementia.

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: GENERAL

* Article Series. Drug Use Drug Use. The Lancet 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/drug-use.

Article. Global Patterns of Opioid Use and Dependence: Harms to Populations, Interventions, and Future Action Degenardt L et al. Global Patterns of Opioid Use and Dependence: Harms to Populations, Interventions, and Future Action. The Lancet 2019; 394(10208): 1560-1579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32229-9.

Article. Public Health Implications of Legalizing the Production and Sale of Cannabis for Medicinal Use Hall W et al. Public Health Implications of Legalizing the Production and Sale of Cannabis for Medicinal Use. The Lancet 2019; 394(10208): 1580-1590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31789-1.

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Article. Responding to Global Stimulant Use: Challenges and Opportunities Farrell M et al. Responding to Global Stimulant Use: Challenges and Opportunities. The Lancet 2019; 394(10209): 1652-1667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32230-5.

Article. New Psychoactive Substances: Challenges for Drug Surveillance, Control, and Public Health Responses Peacock A et al. New Psychoactive Substances: Challenges for Drug Surveillance, Control, and Public Health Responses. The Lancet 2019; 394(10209): 1668-1684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32231-7.

* Article Series. Alcohol Use Disorders Alcohol Use Disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/alcohol-use-disorders.

Article. Prevention, Screening, and Treatment for Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder Knox J et al. Prevention, Screening, and Treatment for Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder. The Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6(12): 1054-1067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30213-5.

Article. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorder Castillo-Carniglia A et al. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorder. The Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6(12): 1068-1080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30222-6.

*Resource Pack. Resource Pack: U.S. Opioid Epidemic. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019 Resource Pack: U.S. Opioid Epidemic. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-us-opioid-epidemic.

* Report. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en.

NCD RISK FACTORS

* Fact Sheets. Chronic Disease Risk Factors Chronic Disease Risk Factors. Fact Sheets. World Health Organization 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets.

Fact Sheet. Obesity and Overweight Obesity and Overweight. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.

Fact Sheet. Physical Inactivity Physical Inactivity. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.

Fact Sheet. Tobacco Tobacco. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.

Fact Sheet. Alcohol Alcohol. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol.

* Article. Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioral, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioral, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 2018; 392(10159): 1923-1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6.

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* Data Visualization. Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Body-Mass Index Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Body-Mass Index. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2017. http://www.ncdrisc.org/data-visualisations.html.

AIR POLLUTION

* Report. State of Global Air 2019: A Special Report on Global Exposure to Air Pollution and its Disease Burden State of Global Air 2019: A Special Report on Global Exposure to Air Pollution and its Disease Burden. Health Effects Institute, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2019. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/report.

* Report. Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/air-pollution-child-health/en.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Article. Global Trends in Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of 298 Population-Based Surveys with 1.6 Million Participants Guthold R et al. Global Trends in Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of 298 Population-Based Surveys with 1.6 Million Participants. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2.

* Report. The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World: At-A-Glance. World Health Organization 2018 The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World: At-A-Glance. World Health Organization 2018. The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018 – 2030. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/gappa.

Fact Sheet. Physical Activity Physical Activity. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.

* Article Series. Physical Activity 2016: Progress and Challenges Physical Activity 2016: Progress and Challenges. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/physical-activity-2016.

Article. Progress in Physical Activity Over the Olympic Quadrennium Sallis JF et al. Progress in Physical Activity Over the Olympic Quadrennium. The Lancet 2016; 388(10051): 1325-1336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30581-5.

Article. Scaling Up Physical Activity Interventions Worldwide: Stepping Up to Larger and Smarter Approaches to Get People Moving Reis RS et al. Scaling Up Physical Activity Interventions Worldwide: Stepping Up to Larger and Smarter Approaches to Get People Moving. The Lancet 2016; 388(10051): 1337-1348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30728-0.

NUTRITION, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

* Report. Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic. The National Academies Press 2019. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25273/current-status-and-response-to-the-global-obesity-pandemic-proceedings.

* Article. Worldwide Trends in Body-Mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity From 1975 to 2016: A Pooled Analysis of 2416 Population-Based Measurement Studies in 128.9 Million Children, Adolescents, and Adults Abarca-Gómez L et al. Worldwide Trends in Body-Mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity From 1975 to 2016: A Pooled Analysis of 2416 Population-Based Measurement Studies in 128.9 Million Children, Adolescents, and Adults. The Lancet 2017; 390(10113): 2657-2642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3.

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* Article Series. Obesity Obesity. The Lancet 2017. https://www.thelancet.com/series/obesity-2017.

Article. Genetics of Obesity: What Genetic Association Studies Have Taught Us About the Biology of Obesity and Its Complications Goodarzi M. Genetics of Obesity: What Genetic Association Studies Have Taught Us About the Biology of Obesity and Its Complications. The Lancet 2017; Sep 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30200-0.

Article. Progress and Challenges in Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy Bessesen D, Van Gaal L. Progress and Challenges in Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy. The Lancet 2017; Sep 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30236-X.

Article. Metabolically Health Obesity: The Low-Hanging Fruit in Obesity Treatment? Stefan N et al. Metabolically Health Obesity: The Low-Hanging Fruit in Obesity Treatment? The Lancet 2017; Sep 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30292-9.

* Report. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence. The National Academies Press 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/23505.

* Article Series. Maternal Obesity Maternal Obesity. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-obesity.

Article. Interventions to Prevent Maternal Obesity Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post Partum Hanson M et al. Interventions to Prevent Maternal Obesity Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post Partum. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 5(1): 65-76. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30108-5.

Article. Influence of Maternal Obesity on the Long-Term Health of Offspring Godrey KM et al. Influence of Maternal Obesity on the Long-Term Health of Offspring. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 5(1): 53-64. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30107-3.

Article. Clinical Management of Pregnancy in the Obese Mother: Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post Partum Ma RCW et al. Clinical Management of Pregnancy in the Obese Mother: Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post Partum. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016; 4(12): 1037-1049. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30278-9.

Article. Preconceptional and Maternal Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences Poston L et al. Preconceptional and Maternal Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 4(12): 1025-1036. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30107-3.

TOBACCO

* Report. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use. World Health Organization 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326043/9789241516204-eng.pdf?ua=1.

Web Portal. Vaping Illness Tracker Corum J. Vaping Illness Tracker. The New York Times 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/health/vaping-illness-tracker.html.

Fact Sheet. Tobacco Use By Youth Is Rising: E-Cigarettes are the Main Reason Tobacco Use By Youth Is Rising: E-Cigarettes are the Main Reason. CDC Vital Signs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/youth-tobacco-use/pdf/vs-0211-youth-tobacco-use-H.pdf.

* Resource Brief. Resource Brief: E-Cigarettes and Health Resource Brief: E-Cigarettes and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-brief-e-cigarettes-and-health.

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* Report. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. The National Academies Press 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24952.

Report. Tobacco Plain Packaging: Global Status Update Tobacco Plain Packaging: Global Status Update. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/industry/tobacco-plain-packaging-global-status-update/en.

Report. Tobacco Tax Reform at the Crossroads of Health and Development: A Multisectoral Perspective Tobacco Tax Reform at the Crossroads of Health and Development: A Multisectoral Perspective. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28494.

Article. Smoking Prevalence and Attributable Disease Burden in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 Smoking Prevalence and Attributable Disease Burden in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2017; 389(10082): 1885-1906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X.

Report. Earmarked Tobacco Taxes: Lessons Learnt From Nine Countries Earmarked Tobacco Taxes: Lessons Learnt From Nine Countries. World Health Organization 2016. https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/economics/earmarked-tobacco-taxes-lesson-nine-countries/en.

Article. Tobacco Use and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years: Data from 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries Xi B et al. Tobacco Use and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years: Data from 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. The Lancet Global Health 2016; 4(11): 795-805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30187-5.

* Report. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products. The National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/18997.

Brief. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization 2003. https://www.who.int/fctc/text_download/en.

NCD: U.S.

* Data Interactive. Diabetes in the United States Diabetes in the United States. Interactive. The State of Obesity, Better Policies for a Healthier America. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2019. https://stateofobesity.org/diabetes.

* Data Publication. Health, United States, 2017: With Special Feature on Mortality Health, United States, 2017: With Special Feature on Mortality. National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm.

* Article Series. Cancer Survivorship in the USA Cancer Survivorship in the USA. The Lancet Oncology 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-survivorship-USA.

Article. Defining Cancer Survivors, Their Needs, and Perspectives on Survivorship Health Care in the USA Mayer DK et al. Defining Cancer Survivors, Their Needs, and Perspectives on Survivorship Health Care in the USA. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(1): 11-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30573-3.

Article. Follow-up Care of Cancer Survivors: Challenges and Solutions Jacobs LA, Shulman LN. Follow-up Care of Cancer Survivors: Challenges and Solutions. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(1): 19-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30386-2.

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Article. Integrating Primary Care Providers in the Care of Cancer Survivors: Gaps in Evidence and Future Opportunities Nekhlyudov L et al. Integrating Primary Care Providers in the Care of Cancer Survivors: Gaps in Evidence and Future Opportunities. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(1): 30-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30570-8.

Article. Provision of Integrated Psychosocial Services for Cancer Survivors Post-Treatment Recklitis CJ, Syrjala KL. Provision of Integrated Psychosocial Services for Cancer Survivors Post-Treatment. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(1): 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30659-3.

Article. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Survivorship Programmes: How to Measure Success? Halpern MT, Argenbright KE. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Survivorship Programmes: How to Measure Success? The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(1): 51-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30563-0.

Chartbook. Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States Buttorff C et al. Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States. RAND Corporation 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/tools/TL221.html.

NCDS COUNTRY CASES

Article Series. Cancer Control in Small Island Nations Cancer Control in Small Island Nations. The Lancet Oncology 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/small-island-nations.

Article. Cancer Control in the Pacific: Big Challenges Facing Small Island States Sarfati D et al. Cancer Control in the Pacific: Big Challenges Facing Small Island States. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 475-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30400-0.

Article. Cancer Management in the Pacific Region: A Report on Innovation and Good Practice Ekeroma A et al. Cancer Management in the Pacific Region: A Report on Innovation and Good Practice. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 493-502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30414-0.

Article. Cancer Control in the Caribbean Island Countries and Territories: Some Progress but the Journey Continues Spence D et al. Cancer Control in the Caribbean Island Countries and Territories: Some Progress but the Journey Continues. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 503-521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30512-1.

Article. Advancing Cancer Care and Prevention in the Caribbean: A Survey of Strategies for the Region Spence D et al. Advancing Cancer Care and Prevention in the Caribbean: A Survey of Strategies for the Region. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 522-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30516-9.

Article. Cancer Control in Small Island Nations: From Local Challenges to Global Action Sarfati D et al. Cancer Control in Small Island Nations: From Local Challenges to Global Action. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 535-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30511-X.

* Article Series. Global Oncology Global Oncology. The Lancet Oncology 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/series/global-oncology.

Article. Cancer Surveillance in Northern Africa, and Central and Western Asia: Challenges and Strategies in Support of Developing Cancer Registries Znaor A et al. Cancer Surveillance in Northern Africa, and Central and Western Asia: Challenges and Strategies in Support of Developing Cancer Registries. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(20): 84-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30019-6.

Article. Tackling Cancer Burden in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Morocco as an Exemplar Selmouni F et al. Tackling Cancer Burden in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Morocco as an Exemplar. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(2): 92-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30727-1.

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Article. Harnessing Genomics to Improve Outcomes for Women with Cancer in India: Key Priorities for Research Sundar S et al. Harnessing Genomics to Improve Outcomes for Women with Cancer in India: Key Priorities for Research. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(2): 102-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30726-X.

Article. Population-Based Cancer Screening Programmes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Regional Consultation of the International Cancer Screening Network in India Sivaram S et al. Population-Based Cancer Screening Programmes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Regional Consultation of the International Cancer Screening Network in India. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(2); 113-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30003-2.

Article Series. Cancer in Peru Cancer in Peru. The Lancet 2017. https://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-in-peru.

Article. Cancer Patterns, Trends, and Transitions in Peru: A Regional Perspective Piñeros M et al. Cancer Patterns, Trends, and Transitions in Peru: A Regional Perspective. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(10): 573-586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30377-7.

Article. Assessment of Cancer Control Capacity and Readiness: The Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency

Abdel-Wahab M et al. Assessment of Cancer Control Capacity and Readiness: The Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(10): 587-594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30372-8.

Article. The Implementation of the Plan Esperanza and Response to the imPACT Review Vidaurre T et al. The Implementation of the Plan Esperanza and Response to the imPACT Review. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(10): 595-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30598-3.

Article. Resource-Stratified Implementation of a Community-Based Breast Cancer Management Programme in Peru Duggan C et al. Resource-Stratified Implementation of a Community-Based Breast Cancer Management Programme in Peru. The Lancet Oncology 2017; 18(10): 607-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30592-2.

*Report. Challenges to Effective Cancer Control in China, India, and Russia Goss PE et al. Challenges to Effective Cancer Control in China, India, and Russia. The Lancet Oncology 2014; 15: 489–538. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70029-4.

* Article Series. Diabetes in China Diabetes in China. The Lancet 2014. http://www.thelancet.com/series/diabetes-in-china.

Article. Diabetes in China: A Societal Solution for a Personal Challenge Chan JCN et al. Diabetes in China: A Societal Solution for a Personal Challenge. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2014; 2(12): 969-979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70144-5.

Article. Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in China Ma RCW et al. Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in China. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2014; 2(12): 980-991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70145-7.

Article. Early Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in China Yang W, Weng J. Early Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in China. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2014; 2(12): 992-1002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70136-6.

INDIA

Article. Choosing Wisely India: Ten Low-Value or Harmful Practices That Should Be Avoided in Cancer Care Pramesh CS et al. Choosing Wisely India: Ten Low-Value or Harmful Practices That Should Be Avoided in Cancer Care. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(4): 218-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30092-0.

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* Article. The Impact of Air Pollution on Deaths, Disease Burden, and Life Expectancy Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2018 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Air Pollution Collaborators. The Impact of Air Pollution on Deaths, Disease Burden, and Life Expectancy Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2018. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018; 3(1): 26-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30261-4.

* Country Case. The Changing Patterns of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CVD Collaborators. The Changing Patterns of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1339-1351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30407-8.

* Country Case. The Increasing Burden of Diabetes and Variations among the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Diabetes Collaborators. The Increasing Burden of Diabetes and Variations among the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1352-1362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30387-5.

* Country Case. The Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Heterogeneity Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CRD Collaborators. The Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Heterogeneity Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1363-1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30409-1.

Country Case. The Burden of Cancers and Their Variations Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Cancer Collaborators. The Burden of Cancers and Their Variations Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(10): 1289-1306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30447-9.

BRAZIL

Article. Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil: Burden and Current Challenges Schmidt M et al. Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil: Burden and Current Challenges. The Lancet 2011; 377(9781): 1949–1961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60135-9.

Article. Brazil and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Global Health Diplomacy as Soft Power Lee K et al. Brazil and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Global Health Diplomacy as Soft Power. PLOS Medicine 2010; 7(4). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000232.

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

* Report. The Path to Longer and Healthier Lives for All Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Sub-Saharan Africa Agyepong IA et al. The Path to Longer and Healthier Lives for All Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet 2017; 390(10114): 2803-2859. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31509-X.

* Report. Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Clinical Care to Health Policy Atun R et al. Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Clinical Care to Health Policy. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 5(8): 622-667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30181-X.

* Infographic. Burden of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa, 1990–2015 Burden of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa, 1990–2015. Infographic. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2016. http://www.healthdata.org/infographic/burden-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-diseases-africa-1990%E2%80%932015.

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* Data Sheet. Addressing Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Young People in Africa: Key to Prevention and Sustainable Development Addressing Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Young People in Africa: Key to Prevention and Sustainable Development. Population Reference Bureau 2015. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2015/ncd-risk-youth-africa.aspx.

COUNTRY PROFILES

* Country Profiles. Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles. 2018 Global Nutrition Report. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/nutrition-profiles.

* Country Profiles. Annex 2 Annex 2. Country Profiles. WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000-2025, Second Edition. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/trends-tobacco-smoking-second-edition/en.

* Country Profiles. Mental Health Atlas 2017 Mental Health Atlas 2017. Country Profiles. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/profiles-2017/en.

* Country Profiles. Diabetes Country Profiles 2016 Diabetes Country Profiles 2016. 2016 Global Report on Diabetes Report. World Health Organization 2016. http://www.who.int/diabetes/country-profiles/en.

TEACHING MATERIAL

* Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Diabetes Epidemic Resource Pack: Diabetes Epidemic. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2017. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-diabetes-epidemic.

* Teaching Pack. Teaching Pack: Tobacco Tax and Health Financing in the Philippines Teaching Pack: Tobacco Tax and Health Financing in the Philippines. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2017. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack-tobacco-tax-and-health-financing-in-.

* Case Study. Electronic Cigarettes in the EU: The Political Economy of Product Regulation Persico N, Cheng C, Scocchi N. Electronic Cigarettes in the EU: The Political Economy of Product Regulation. Harvard Business School Publishing 2015. https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/KEL927-PDF-ENG.

Case Study. Hawaii Restricts E-Cigarette Sales to Youth Hawaii Restricts E-Cigarette Sales to Youth. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials 2014. http://www.astho.org/Prevention/Tobacco/Case-Study/Hawaii.

* Teaching Case. Weinberger E. Who’s Calling Me Fat? Or How Columbia Got its Obesity Prevention Campaign Back on Track Weinberger E. Who’s Calling Me Fat? Or How Columbia Got its Obesity Prevention Campaign Back on Track. Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders, Harvard University 2013. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/striped/teaching-cases/whos-calling-me-fat.

* Teaching Case. Mexico’s Growing Childhood Obesity Challenge Mexico’s Growing Childhood Obesity Challenge. Global Health Institute, Emory University 2012. http://www.globalhealth.emory.edu/what/student_programs/case_competitions/2012_intramural_cc.html.

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* Online Learning. Medicine: Rethinking Cancer Medicine: Rethinking Cancer. TED Studies 2011. http://www.ted.com/read/ted-studies/medicine.

DATA

* Data Portal. Databases on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Databases on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health. World Health Organization 2019. http://www.who.int/nmh/databases/en.

Data Publication. The Tobacco Atlas The Tobacco Atlas. American Cancer Society 2018. https://tobaccoatlas.org.

* Data Publication. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018. http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en.

* Data Interactive. Tobacco Visualization Tobacco Visualization. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2017. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/tobacco.

* Data. National Diabetes Statistics Report National Diabetes Statistics Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html.

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Annotated Bibliography

AT- A- GLANCE

Data Interactive. GBD Compare GBD Compare. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2019. http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11446 This data interactive, presented by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), allows users to explore trends and patterns in the data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) released in November 2018. Using color tree maps, world maps, arrow diagrams, plots, and other charts, each of the visualizations is fully customizable to give users the ability to refine or expand their selection of data across a variety of causes, risk factors, geographic locations, and other specifics of the GBD 2017 data.

Report. Time to Deliver: Report of the WHO Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs Nishtar S et al. Time to Deliver: Report of the WHO Independent High-Level Commission on NCDs. The Lancet 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31258-3. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12487 This Lancet Commission report presents the findings of an Independent High-Level Commission on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), comprising representatives from across government sectors, United Nations agencies, nongovernmental organizations, the private and philanthropic sectors, and academia. The commission was convened at the request of the World Health Organization to identify ways to intensify political action to prevent premature death from cardiovascular diseases (stroke and heart attacks), cancers, diabetes and respiratory disease; to reduce tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity; and to promote mental health and well-being. The resulting recommendations are designed to help political leaders and policy-makers across government sectors, as well as other stakeholders, to curb NCDs—which make up the world’s leading causes of death—and extend life expectancy for millions of people globally.

Report. 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/global-nutrition-report-2018. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10926 This report from Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. and produced and disseminated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) documents the status of the world’s nutrition and progress made to meet global nutrition targets established by the World Health Assembly. The 2018 report explores areas that are critical for addressing the burden of malnutrition across the globe, including the need to improve the prevalence data on micronutrient deficiencies, the importance of a new approach to addressing malnutrition during crises, and the value of building upon the emerging focus on malnutrition among adolescents. The report also analyzes new and emerging data on the state of diets around the world to highlight the importance of diet as a cause of and solution to the global burden of nutrition. It also discusses government financial commitments to nutrition initiatives.

Country Profiles. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11224 These are the third set of country profiles on NCDs released by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlighting the latest available data, broken down by gender, on premature mortality from NCDs and suicide, the prevalence of diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and several risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, and indoor and ambient air pollution. Trends for current tobacco use, blood pressure and obesity are shown graphically for men and women. Indicators for access to medicines and technologies reflect national systems capacity to prevent and control NCDs and existence of national targets based on the Global Monitoring Framework.

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Fact Sheets. Noncommunicable Diseases Noncommunicable Diseases. Fact Sheets. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11183 These fact sheets from the World Health Organization (WHO) provide an overview of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Also known as chronic diseases, they are typically of long duration, progress through a series of stages, and share risk factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco smoke, and the harmful use of alcohol. The effect of risk factors accumulates over the course of an individual’s lifetime, and are reflected at the population-level as elevations in the prevalence of high blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and obesity. While they are not passed from person to person like infectious diseases, the “spread of chronic diseases across the globe” has been driven by rapid urbanization and the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles.

GENERAL NCDS

Article. NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide Trends in Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Progress Towards Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4 NCD Countdown 2030 Collaborators. NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide Trends in Non-Communicable Disease Mortality and Progress Towards Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4. The Lancet 2018; 392(10152): 1072-1088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12692 This article in The Lancet illustrates the global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and assesses progress towards reducing premature mortality associated with NCDs. In particular, the article examines progress towards realizing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.4: A 30 percent reduction in premature mortality in people aged 30–70 years from cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. Of note, an estimated 40.5 million (71%) of the 56.9 million deaths worldwide were from NCDs in 2016. An estimated 32.2 million NCD deaths (80%) were due to the four major NCDs, and another 8.3 million (20%) were from other NCDs. Although there is a heavy global disease burden from NCDs, fewer than half of the 186 countries included in the NCD Countdown 2030 analysis are currently on track to meet the SDG target. Using evidence from collected data, the authors determine the probability of NCD mortality based on country, and further categorize this information by gender. Additionally, the analysis conveys that significant reduction of NCD mortality requires policies that substantially reduce tobacco and alcohol use and blood pressure, while increasing equitable access to efficient and high-quality preventive and curative care for acute and chronic NCDs.

Article Series. The Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and Economics The Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and Economics. The Lancet 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/series/Taskforce-NCDs-and-economics. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12431 This Lancet Series examines the inextricable link between economic growth and controlling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the global efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.4—reducing premature NCD deaths by one-third by 2030. NCDs cause 70 percent of mortality worldwide, disproportionately in low- and middle-income countries. The five papers in this series highlights how poverty drives and is driven by NCDs; how price policies, like excise taxes, are feasible and cost-effective approaches to controlling NCD risk factors; and how NCD control contributes to a more productive labor force and economic growth. The Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and Economics argues that advancing the vision of SDG 3.4 is intimately connected to global progress on SDGs related to health, education, poverty, and gender equality, among others. Identifying and understanding these linkages will help build the multidisciplinary alliances and political will needed to reduce NCDs worldwide.

Series papers include:

• Investing in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Management to Advance the Sustainable Development Goals

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• Tackling Socioeconomic Inequalities and Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries Under the Sustainable Development Agenda

• Action to Address the Household Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases • Equity Impacts of Price Policies to Promote Healthy Behaviors • Investing in Non-Communicable Diseases: An Estimation of the Return on Investment for Prevention and

Treatment Services

Report. Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2017 Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2017. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-progress-monitor-2017/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12146 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) provides current data on 10 progress indicators related to addressing the global epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases), which has been driven by poverty, the globalization of marketing and trade of health-harming products, rapid urbanization, and population growth. It describes the progress made and remaining challenges in reducing NCD deaths as well as in developing all-of-government policies to address NCDs; curbing tobacco use, reducing the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets; promoting physical activity; and strengthening health systems through primary health care and universal health coverage. The report includes one-page country profiles that offer a quick overview of each nation’s progress in meeting NCD-related targets.

Report. Integrating Health Services for Young People: Tackling the Growing Noncommunicable Disease Epidemic Kaneda T, Naik R. Integrating Health Services for Young People: Tackling the Growing Noncommunicable Disease Epidemic. Population Reference Bureau 2017. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2017/Health-Services-Young-People.aspx. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11556 This report from the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) examines the role of young people in combating the growing epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries. It focuses on the importance of integrating NCD care into other health services, and the potential benefits that such programs might accomplish, particularly given that critical risk behaviors for NCDs often start in adolescence and early adulthood. The report states that, by pooling resources with health services such as those dealing with sexual and reproductive health, maternal-child health, HIV/AIDS, and communicable diseases, providers can reach more young people with information that promotes the prevention and control of NCDs.

CARDIOVASCULAR AND STROKE

Article. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology 2019; 18(5): 439-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12942 This article from The Lancet Neurology estimates current death, prevalence, incidence, and disability for stroke from data gathered in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the overall burden continues to grow as populations age. According to the study, in 2016 there were 5.5 million deaths and 116.4 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stroke. Over the study period, 1990 to 2016, the mortality rate decreased by 36.2% and the age-standardized DALY rate declined by 34.2%. Overall, the study found that while the mortality rates have declined since 1996, the decrease in incidence has not declined to the same degree. The findings underscore that the burden of stroke is mostly attributable to modifiable risk factors—factors that can be targeted reduce the burden of stroke in coming decades.

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Article. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders: Key Messages From Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition Prabhakaran D et al. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders: Key Messages From Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition. The Lancet 2018; 391(10126): 1224–1236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32471-6. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12399 This review article from The Lancet summarizes the analyses from volume five of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition (DCP3), published by the World Bank, entitled “Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders.” The volume explores the disease burden of cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs), which account for more than half of global adult deaths, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors note that achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to reduce CVRD-related premature mortality by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many LMICs, and conducted systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. They present a costed “essential package” of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs, which includes tobacco taxation, a ban on trans fats, compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured foods, the establishment of locally endorsed primary health service guidelines, and guaranteed availability of essential medicines.

Report. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition: Volume 5. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders Prabhakaran D et al., eds. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition: Volume 5. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28875. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12214 This report from the World Bank is the fifth volume of the Disease Control Priorities, third edition (DCP3) series. It addresses the disease burden of cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs), which account for more than half of global adult deaths, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. While CVRDs are mostly preventable or can be treated to reduce morbidity, such interventions are costly and require greater capacity to detect and treat early. When combined with the persistent scourge of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, CVRDs in low-income countries create a double burden of disease. This report summarizes the most current evidence about effective, scalable, and cost-effective interventions, and describes the health platforms that can deliver these interventions to curtail increasing risk for chronic conditions and diseases.

Article. Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure from 1975 to 2015: A Pooled Analysis of 1479 Population-Based Measurement Studies with 19.1 Million Participants Zhou, B et al. Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure from 1975 to 2015: A Pooled Analysis of 1479 Population-Based Measurement Studies with 19.1 Million Participants. The Lancet 2017; 389(10064): 37-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11863 The article from The Lancet provides an analysis of worldwide trends of elevated blood pressure, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. It provides estimates of mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. The authors pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. They used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. They calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and aging to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure.

DIABETES

Report. Global Report on Diabetes 2016 Global Report on Diabetes 2016. World Health Organization 2016. http://www.who.int/diabetes/global-report/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11009 This report by the World Health Organization (WHO) covers the global burden, complications, economic impact, prevention, and management of diabetes. This first-ever WHO global diabetes report outlines the capacity for prevention and control of diabetes at the country level as well as access to insulin and other essential medicines. The

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key message of the report is the need to increase prevention and treatment of the disease through measures including expanding health-promoting environments to reduce diabetes risk factors, such as physical activity and unhealthy diets, and strengthening national capacities to help people with diabetes receive the treatment and care they need to manage their conditions.

Article. Worldwide Trends in Diabetes Since 1980: A Pooled Analysis of 751 Population-Based Studies With 4·4 Million Participants Worldwide Trends in Diabetes Since 1980: A Pooled Analysis of 751 Population-Based Studies With 4·4 Million Participants. The Lancet 2016; 387: 1513-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11859 This analysis estimates worldwide trends in diabetes and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. The authors pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers, and used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. They also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.

CANCER

Article. The Cancer Miracle Isn’t a Cure. It’s Prevention Drexler M. The Cancer Miracle Isn’t a Cure. It’s Prevention. Harvard Public Health Magazine 2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/the-cancer-miracle-isnt-a-cure-its-prevention. This article published in Harvard Public Health Magazine emphasizes that much of the conversation and literature on cancer is heavily focused on treatment. Yet, studies reveal that at least half of cancer cases could be prevented by applying what we already know. This article takes a renewed approach to the global conversation on cancer by highlighting potential health gains that could be achieved through prevention.

Article. The Global Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in 2017: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Global Burden of Disease Childhood Cancer Collaborators. The Global Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in 2017: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(9): 1211-1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30339-0. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13040 This article in The Lancet Oncology analyzes global childhood cancer burden data from 2017 as part of the ongoing Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). The authors note that while global incidence, mortality, and survival estimates of childhood cancer are available, there are no previous analyses of the global childhood cancer burden represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), which allow for cross-disease and cross-geography comparisons that contextualize disease burden. The authors highlight the need for model-based estimates and accurate data for resource planning and health policy, as many countries have scarce or non-existent cancer surveillance data collection methods. Using the GBD methodology and data drawn from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry incidence, they developed improved estimates of mortality through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs).

Article. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 GBD Cancer Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017. JAMA Oncology 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13082 This article in JAMA Oncology identifies the scope of cancer burden throughout the world, and finds that in 2017, there were 24.5 million incidences of cancer across the globe and 9.6 million cancer deaths. Additionally, the authors report on disparities in the odds of developing cancer among socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, with those in the

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highest SDI quintile approximately 3.5 more likely to develop cancer than those in the lowest SDI quintile. The most common cancers for men were skin; tracheal, bronchus, and lung; and prostate cancer—accounting for 54% of all cancer cases, while for women, they were melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, also accounting for 54% of all incident cases. Notably, the absolute years of life lost (YLLs) due to stomach cancer, brain and nervous system cancer, and cervical cancer have decreased, while the YLLs due to pancreatic cancer and liver cancer has increased, although all these still remain among the top 10 cancers that contribute to YLLs across the globe. These results reflect a wide array of outcomes in both national and global populations, due to various exposures, risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care. The authors note that the data presented in this study should be used by stakeholders and policymakers to improve cancer care worldwide.

Report. Integration of Oncology and Palliative Care Kaasa S et al. Integration of Oncology and Palliative Care. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(11): 588-653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30415-7. This Commission from The Lancet Oncology focuses on combining two different modes of care: tumor-directed approach, focused on acute care and treatment, and the host-directed approach, focused on overall patient care and wellness. Integrating oncology and palliative care has led to survival and symptom control, reductions in anxiety and depression, gains in quality of life, and improved use of health-care resources. The Commission recommends using this type of integrated care with multidisciplinary teams in order to bring together two fields to create an innovative and comprehensive approach to medicine.

Article Series. Cancer Prevention Cancer Prevention. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-prevention. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11619 This Lancet Series focuses on cancer prevention through several different strategic approaches, including lifestyle habits, prevention therapies, regulation and policy, and personalized genomic medicine. The series also explores how to mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors. These papers illuminate the current and future strategies that stakeholders—including regulatory bodies, individuals, and researchers—can adopt to help promote advances in cancer prevention.

Series papers include:

• Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Diet, and Cancer: An Update and Emerging New Evidence • Prevention Therapy for Cancer • Cardiotoxic Effects of Anthracycline-Based Therapy • The Role of Government and Regulation in Cancer Prevention • Genomic Approaches to Accelerate Cancer Interception

Article Series. Cervical Cancer Prevention: Recent Progress and the Unfinished Agenda in Low-and Middle-Income Countries Tsu VD, Sosa C, eds. Special Issue: Cervical Cancer Prevention: Recent Progress and the Unfinished Agenda in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017, 138(S1): 1-73. http://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/issue/10.1111/ijgo.2017.138.issue-S1. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12259 This special supplemental issue of the International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology comprises a series of open-access articles about cervical cancer prevention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a focus on recent progress, remaining challenges, and priorities for action. An opening editorial summarizes research discoveries about the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its role in cervical cancer that have streamlined development of the HPV vaccine, screening tools, and early stage treatments – all cost-effective and easily administered. While the new toolkit has dramatically reduced HPV infections and cervical cancer in high-income countries, it has been introduced to numerous LMICs largely within pilot or demonstration programs. LMICs must now address the challenge of sustaining programs within national health care structures. The first article in the series serves as a call to action to national leaders, offering a set of specific recommendations and actions for deploying human and financial resource to ensure access to new generations of women at risk. The following ten articles cover diverse topics of a clinical or programmatic focus,

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ranging from case studies about vaccination, screening, and treatment to strategic perspectives on program economics and management.

Article Series. Health, Equity, and Women's Cancers Health, Equity, and Women's Cancers. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/womens-cancers. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11153 This Lancet Series addresses the issue of women’s cancers receiving less support and attention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite women in these countries having disproportionately higher burdens of these diseases and lower access to and quality of care than women in high-income countries (HICs). The series papers focus on inequities in the burden and treatment of breast and cervical cancers in LMICs and HICs, interventions which could mitigate those inequities, and necessary global policy changes to ensure safe, equitable, and affordable care for women worldwide. Additional resources include an audio podcast and three sets of slides from the series launch.

Series papers include:

• The Global Burden of Women’s Cancers: A Grand Challenge in Global Health • Interventions to Close the Divide for Women With Breast and Cervical Cancer Between Low-Income and

Middle-Income Countries and High-Income Countries • Changing Global Policy to Deliver Safe, Equitable, and Affordable Care for Women’s Cancers

Report. The Expanding Role of Primary Care in Cancer Control Rubin G et al. The Expanding Role of Primary Care in Cancer Control. The Lancet Oncology 2015; 16: 1231–1272. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00205-3. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11065 This Lancet Commission report gives a detailed consideration of the evidence for cancer control provided in primary-care and community-care settings. The nature of cancer control is changing, with an increasing emphasis, fueled by public and political demand, on prevention, early diagnosis, and patient experience during and after treatment. At the same time, primary care is increasingly promoted by governments and health funders worldwide as the preferred setting for most health care to meet demands of increasing need, stabilize health-care costs, and accommodate patient preference for care close to home. Thus, it is timely to consider how primary care can influence cancer control, which has long been dominated by highly technical interventions centered on treatment, and in which the contribution of primary care has been largely perceived as marginal. The commission calls for greater integration of care, underpinned by new research and by continuing and shared multiprofessional development.

OTHER

Article Series. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/COPD2017. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11688 This Lancet Series focuses on specialized treatments associated with Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease (COPD). COPD deaths number 3.2 million worldwide, an 11.6 percent increase since 1990, largely caused by smoking and other pollutants. Researchers are increasingly interested in tailoring treatments to specific patient groups, as there are different types of COPD and patients’ response to treatment varies. Series papers explore patient endotyping, biomarkers in blood, and palliative care options for people living with serious COPD symptoms.

Series papers include:

• What Does Endotyping Mean for Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? • Palliative Care and Management for Troublesome Symptoms for People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease • Eosinophils in COPD: Just Another Biomarker?

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Article Series. Sickle-Cell Disease Sickle-Cell Disease. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/haematology-2016. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11146 This Lancet Series examines the progress made in the field of treating sickle-cell disease, and the remaining complications still being addressed. Drawing attention to emerging causes of morbidity as patients with the disease begin to live longer, the series focuses on asthma, acute chest syndrome, and other complications in patients with sickle-cell disease. In addition, the series reviews relevant progress made in the fields of epidemiology, genetics, and molecular biology. The series also puts out a call for more research, this time looking to Sub-Saharan Africa and India, where the burden on the health care systems is greatest.

Series papers and articles include:

• The Intersection Between Asthma and Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle-Cell Anaemia • Fetal Haemoglobin in Sickle-Cell Disease: From Genetic Epidemiology to New Therapeutic Strategies • Cardiovascular Complications and Risk of Death in Sickle-Cell Disease

MENTAL HEALTH GENERAL

Report. Mental Health Atlas 2017 Mental Health Atlas 2017. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/mental_health_atlas_2017/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12501 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) provides up-to-date data on mental health services and policies across the world. It includes information about core indicators, system governance, financial and human resources, service availability and uptake, and promotion and prevention, with progress measured against baseline values from 2013. The data illustrate a stark contrast in the availability of mental health services and health workers, noting that some low-income countries have as few as two mental health workers per 100,000 people in the population. The report suggests that greater global commitment and investment—particularly in building up the mental health workforce and strengthening community-based mental services—are needed at the country level to reach global targets established by the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020.

Report. The Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development Patel V et al. The Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development. The Lancet 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-X. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12697 This Commission report by The Lancet reassesses the global mental health agenda in the context of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, which was adopted by the international community in 2015 and established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address global challenges through economic, social, and environmental progress. While substantial advances have been made in mental health research, the translation of those findings into real-world effects has been slow, and the global burden of mental disorders has risen in all countries in the context of major demographic, environmental, and sociopolitical transitions. Human rights violations and abuses against individuals with mental disorders persist, the quality of mental health services is routinely worse than for those related to physical health, and mental health remains woefully underfunded by governments and the international community.

Report. Integrating the Response to Mental Health Disorders and Other Chronic Diseases in Health Care Systems Integrating the Response to Mental Health Disorders and Other Chronic Diseases in Health Care Systems. World Health Organization 2014. https://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/gulbenkian_paper_integrating_mental_disorders/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10982 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) reviews the links between mental disorders and other chronic diseases, and describes the service delivery programs that offer integrated treatment. These integrated approaches improve accessibility, reduce fragmentation, prevent duplication of infrastructure and services, and better meet

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people’s needs and expectations. The report notes that challenge for countries is not simply to scale up existing health services, but also to transform health systems by implementing evidence-based approaches for integrated, effective, and efficient care for mental disorders and other chronic diseases.

MENTAL HEALTH/NEURO: DEMENTIA

Report. Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care. The Lancet 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/commissions/dementia2017. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12083 This Lancet Commission report examines the most up-to-date evidence about dementia and offers recommendations for managing or preventing the dementia epidemic that affects nearly 50 million people worldwide. The number of dementia cases is expected to increase dramatically by the year 2050, and will be accompanied by corresponding increases in the costs borne by families and communities in caring for patients with dementia. This commission identifies nine health and lifestyle factors from different life phrases that, if modified, might prevent the onset of dementia in some patients, and outlines pharmacological and social interventions to manage dementia symptoms, while acknowledging that therapies to modify the underlying disease process are not currently available.

Report. Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025 Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025. World Health Organization 2017. https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/dementia/action_plan_2017_2025/en. This report from the World Health Organization details the necessary steps to achieving physical, mental, and social wellbeing for people with dementia, and suggests the collaboration between States and Non-State actors, people with dementia and their families, and communities of people will help prevent dementia and care for those with it. The report is framed by seven principles to achieve this vision, including universal health and social care coverage for dementia, multisectoral collaboration in the public health response, and developing evidence-based strategies and interventions for dementia risk reduction. The report calls on Member States, international, regional, national, and subnational partners such as development agencies, academic institutions, and civil society to work together to implement the global action plan for dementia. They highlight that the global community must raise awareness about dementia to place it as a public health priority, as well as develop improved information systems and innovative research strategies for diagnosis, treatment, care, and support.

Topic Portal. Dementia Dementia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/dementia. This topic portal from the World Health Organization (WHO) provides users with a doorway to various types of resources, namely, fact sheets, data, and publications about Dementia.

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: GENERAL

Article Series. Drug Use Drug Use. The Lancet 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/drug-use. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13093 This Lancet Series examines the public health implications of the changing landscape surrounding drug use. Global drug production and consumption is increasing on a global scale, and public attitudes and laws towards substance use are also rapidly shifting. Given the changing landscape, the authors reviewed the epidemiological evidence of drug use and the related harms and interventions to address these trends. This series focuses on opioid use, cannabis, stimulants, and psychoactive substances.

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Series articles include:

• Global Patterns of Opioid Use and Dependence: Harms to Populations, Interventions, and Future Action • Public Health Implications of Legalizing the Production and Sale of Cannabis for Medicinal and Recreational

Use • Responding to Global Stimulant Use: Challenges and Opportunities • New Psychoactive Substances: Challenges for Drug Surveillance, Control, and Public Health Responses

Article Series. Alcohol Use Disorders Alcohol Use Disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/alcohol-use-disorders. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13092 This Lancet Psychiatry series focuses on alcohol use disorders – a major cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The series papers place alcohol use disorders within a public health, as well as a clinical, context, providing information on current knowledge, research, and care practices for mental health professionals. The first series paper reviews existing information and developments that have occurred in the past five years on prevention, screening, and treatment for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders. Interventions discussed include evidence-based behavioral interventions, medication-assisted treatment, technology-based interventions, and population-level interventions. The second series paper examines psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol use disorder, looking at the most common psychiatric disorders associated with alcohol use disorder. Efforts to untangle alcohol use disorders from other psychiatric disorders remain a critical area of research.

Series articles include:

• Prevention, Screening, and Treatment for Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder • Psychiatric Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorder

Resource Pack. Resource Pack: U.S. Opioid Epidemic Resource Pack: U.S. Opioid Epidemic. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-us-opioid-epidemic. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-us-opioid-epidemic Opioid misuse and addiction in the United States is an ongoing and rapidly evolving public health crisis, requiring an urgent coordinated response and innovative scientific solutions. This resource pack includes resources focused on populations particularly vulnerable to the consequences of opioid misuse—pregnant women, Native American communities, veterans, rural communities, and the poor. The resources here—curated for policy makers, educators, and students—also highlight state-level challenges and innovations, and the complicated ways the current opioid crisis intersects with the private sector and criminal justice policy.

Report. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12695 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a snapshot of global alcohol consumption through the lens of public health. In 2016 alone, over 3 million deaths were due to harmful use of alcohol, with a higher percentage of deaths among men than among women. Addressing alcohol use will play a key role in achieving the health-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically the targets focused on maternal and child health, infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases and mental health, and injuries and poisonings. Furthermore, alcohol often exacerbates inequalities between and within countries. The report highlights global, regional, and country-level trends; patterns of drinking; and health effects of alcohol consumption. In addition, the report includes individual country profiles of alcohol consumption, an updated fact sheet, and country-level policy responses to regulating alcohol and addressing its health consequences.

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NCD RISK FACTORS

Fact Sheets. Chronic Disease Risk Factors Chronic Disease Risk Factors. Fact Sheets. World Health Organization 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11185 These fact sheets from the World Health Organization (WHO) provide information on risk factors (e.g., obesity & overweight, physical activity, smoking) for chronic diseases. The effect of primary risk factors (e.g., poor diet and smoking) accumulate over years, with intermediate risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and obesity) serving as both a warning for disease and an opportunity for secondary prevention and treatment.

Article. Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioral, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017 GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioral, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 2018; 392(10159): 1923-1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12348 This article in The Lancet uses a comparative risk assessment (CRA) framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2017. They estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk and explored six drivers of trends in attributable burden: (1) population growth, (2) population ageing, changes in exposure to (3) environmental and occupational risks, (4) behavioral risks, (5) metabolic risks, and (6) all other factors combined.

Data Visualization. Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Body-Mass Index Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Body-Mass Index. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2017. http://www.ncdrisc.org/data-visualisations.html. This set of data visualizations allows users to explore country risk factor data using dynamic graphics on body-mass index, diabetes, and blood pressure.

AIR POLLUTION

Report. State of Global Air 2019: A Special Report on Global Exposure to Air Pollution and its Disease Burden State of Global Air 2019: A Special Report on Global Exposure to Air Pollution and its Disease Burden. Health Effects Institute, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2019. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/report. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12947 This report, published by the Health Effects Institute and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), presents the latest analysis of worldwide air pollution exposures and health impacts, drawing from the most recent evidence of IHME’s Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to provide global, regional, and country-level estimates. The report offers a global update on outdoor, or ambient, air pollution, which is one of the most critical risk factors contributing to death and disability due to heart disease and stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease, and respiratory infections. It also documents the impact of household air pollution (caused by the burning of solid fuels, like coal, wood, and dung, for cooking and heating) on health. The report includes a discussion about the major sources of air pollution, with particular focus on its effects on life expectancy around the globe, and the actions required in order to reduce emissions and improve public health. The publication is accompanied by an interactive website that allows users to view, generate, and download charts and maps; explore the underlying data; access background papers and resources; and read the latest news related to global efforts to curb air pollution.

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Report. Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/air-pollution-child-health/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12737 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) summarizes the most up-to-date data on the links between exposure to air pollution and negative health outcomes for children. Air pollution is a major environmental health threat with numerous causes, both ambient (derived mainly from fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, waste incineration, agricultural practices, and natural processes such as wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions) and household (resulting from the burning of fossil fuels for cooking, lighting, and heat). Children are particularly vulnerable to the negative health effects of air pollution, which can cause fetal and childhood developmental problems to the lungs, brain, and other organs, respiratory illnesses, childhood obesity, and cancers. The burden of disease attributable to air pollution is heaviest in low- and middle-income countries; further, poverty is strongly correlated with high exposure to environmental health risks and compounds their damaging health effects. The report, which is accompanied by a brief summary document, offers recommended actions for health professionals and describes several global initiatives and organizations working on children’s health and air pollution.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Article. Global Trends in Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents Guthold R et al. Global Trends in Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of 298 Population-Based Surveys with 1.6 Million Participants. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2. This article published by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health describes prevalence and trends in physical activity among adolescents aged 11-17, and the authors analyze the data in global, regional, and national contexts. The authors find that the majority of adolescents do not meet current physical activity guidelines, calling for renewed policies, programs, investment, and leadership to get youth more engaged and increase their physical activity.

Report. The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World: At-A-Glance The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World: At-A-Glance. World Health Organization 2018. The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018 – 2030. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/gappa. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12490 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines the WHO’s new global plan to promote physical activity and provides a framework of policy actions to encourage physical activity at all levels. It describes the importance of physical activity in helping to prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancers; prevent risk factors like hypertension, overweight, and obesity; and improve mental health and overall quality of life and well-being. The report also outlines the cost of inactivity to health systems and societies, provides global data on physical activity, and describes the role of physical activity in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. The WHO’s Global Action Plan on Physical Activity seeks to reduce the global prevalence of physical inactivity in adolescents and adults by 15 percent by the year 2030, through the application of four strategic objectives: create active societies, create active environments, create active people, and create active systems. It outlines 20 policy actions to meet those objectives, including both “upstream” efforts—aimed at improving the social, cultural, economic and environmental factors that support physical activity—and “downstream”, individually focused educational and informational approaches.

Fact Sheet. Physical Activity Physical Activity. Fact Sheet. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. This fact sheet from the World Health Organization (WHO) dissects information about physical activity, the lack of which is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. The WHO recommends differing levels of activity for children and adolescents, adults aged 18-64, and above. In addition to actions that individuals can take to increase

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physical activity, the fact sheet also outlines policies that countries and communities can implement for healthier lifestyles.

Article Series. Physical Activity 2016: Progress and Challenges Physical Activity 2016: Progress and Challenges. The Lancet 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/physical-activity-2016. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11136 This Lancet Series presents progress in epidemiological research, global surveillance, intervention strategies, and policy actions related to physical activity. Updating the first Lancet Series on physical activity from 2012, the papers in this series also feature the largest harmonized meta-analysis on the joint health effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity, and the first global estimate of the economic burden of physical inactivity. The series encourages policy makers to take physical activity more seriously and to provide sufficient capacity and funding to implement national policies towards the integration of physical activity into daily life.

Series papers and articles include:

• Does Physical Activity Attenuate, or Even Eliminate, the Detrimental Association of Sitting Time With Mortality? A Harmonised Meta-Snalysis of Data From More Than 1 Million Men and Women

• The Economic Burden of Physical Inactivity: A Global Analysis of Major Non-Communicable Diseases • Progress in Physical Activity Over the Olympic Quadrennium • Scaling up Physical Activity Interventions Worldwide: Stepping up to Larger and Smarter Approaches to Get

People Moving

NUTRITION, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Report. Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic. National Academies Press 2019. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25273/current-status-and-response-to-the-global-obesity-pandemic-proceedings. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13021 This report from the National Academies Press (NAP) summarizes the proceedings of a workshop on the global obesity epidemic. The workshop examined the status of obesity around the world and explored responses to the pandemic in a variety of settings. Presenters addressed both the importance of the global context for the problem as well as its particular relevance for the U.S. Workshop participants focused on reducing disparities in obesity rates through interventions focused on nutrition and physical activity in the context of persistent undernutrition and implementation challenges in low and middle-income countries.

Article. Worldwide Trends in Body-Mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity From 1975 to 2016 Abarca-Gómez L et al. Worldwide Trends in Body-Mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity From 1975 to 2016: A Pooled Analysis of 2416 Population-Based Measurement Studies in 128.9 Million Children, Adolescents, and Adults. The Lancet 2017; 390(10113): 2657-2642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11862 This article from The Lancet analyzes worldwide trends in underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence, which are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. It provides global estimates of mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and compares trends with those of adults.

Article Series. Obesity Obesity. The Lancet 2017. https://www.thelancet.com/series/obesity-2017. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11689 This Lancet Series focuses on obesity, an increasingly prevalent disease with a large number of adverse health consequences associated with it. The series of three papers reviews developments in the genetics of obesity, anti-

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obesity drugs and their usage, and advances in our understanding of metabolically healthy obesity and how that concept may be useful in clinical care.

Series papers include:

• Genetics of Obesity: What Genetic Association Studies Have Taught Us About the Biology of Obesity and Its Complications

• Progress and Challenges in Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy • Metabolically Healthy Obesity: The Low-Hanging Fruit in Obesity Treatment?

Report. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence. The National Academies Press 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/23505. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11045 This report addresses inconsistencies in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of quantitative data on obesity prevalence and trends. The current inconsistent body of data is difficult for policy makers, program planners, and other stakeholders at the national, state, and local levels to use effectively in making decisions. After examining approaches to obesity data, particularly as it pertains to U.S. children, adolescents, and young adults, this report offers a framework and recommends ways decision makers and others can effectively assess and interpret reports on obesity trends for policy-making and program-planning purposes.

Article Series. Maternal Obesity Maternal Obesity. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016. http://www.thelancet.com/series/maternal-obesity. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11150 This Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Series looks at the global burden of maternal obesity as well as causes and responses. The risk of negative health outcomes to mother and child increases with obesity during pregnancy, as does the risk of health problems throughout the child’s life. Yet obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide across all demographics, including women. The papers in this series address the causes and impact of, as well as responses to, maternal obesity in particular. Attention to the pre-pregnancy period, and society-wide intervention, are recommended to address this growing health problem.

Series papers include:

• Interventions to Prevent Maternal Obesity Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post Partum • Influence of Maternal Obesity on the Long-Term Health of Offspring • Clinical Management of Pregnancy in the Obese Mother: Before Conception, During Pregnancy, and Post

Partum • Preconceptional and Maternal Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences

TOBACCO

Report. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use. World Health Organization 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326043/9789241516204-eng.pdf?ua=1. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13033 This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) summarizes tobacco control since the 2005 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), with a focus on implementing preventative policies and helping people quit tobacco. There has been steady progress in global tobacco control since the FCTC was adopted and the “MPOWER” measures were introduced, in 2008, to promote government action on six tobacco control strategies. Now, about 5 billion people—65 percent of the world’s population—are covered by at least one comprehensive tobacco control measure, such as strong graphic warnings on tobacco products, smoke-free public places, and other measures; this represents a dramatic, four-fold increase since 2007 when only 1 billion people, or 15 percent of the world’s population, were covered. Tobacco cessation services, the focus of this report, is an area in particular need of attention.

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Web Portal. Vaping Illness Tracker Corum J. Vaping Illness Tracker. The New York Times 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/health/vaping-illness-tracker.html. This web portal from The New York Times is updated regularly to show the latest data about vaping illness. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state agencies have reported over 2,000 lung injury cases and over 40 deaths related to vaping and this number is only expected to rise. Of note, the portal provides visuals which show vaping regulations in various cities and states across the United States, a CT scan providing insight into lung injury, and a graph demonstrating the increasing use of vaping devices among teenagers.

Fact Sheet. Tobacco Use By Youth Is Rising: E-Cigarettes are the Main Reason Tobacco Use By Youth Is Rising: E-Cigarettes are the Main Reason. CDC Vital Signs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/youth-tobacco-use/pdf/vs-0211-youth-tobacco-use-H.pdf. This fact sheet from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shares acute facts regarding the rising use of tobacco products among youth in the U.S. and provides visuals, graphs, and statistics.

Resource Brief. Resource Brief: E-Cigarettes and Health Resource Brief: E-Cigarettes and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-brief-e-cigarettes-and-health. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-brief-e-cigarettes-and-health This resource brief was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University (GHELI) to support an upcoming Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, “The E-Cigarette Dilemma: A Public Health Perspective.” The multidisciplinary materials are suitable for policy makers, educators, and students wanting to understand the current debate around e-cigarettes and their relationship to public health. The resource brief also presents evidence on e-cigarette use in the U.S., e-cigarette policies globally, and current gaps in collective knowledge.

Report. Tobacco Plain Packaging: Global Status Update Tobacco Plain Packaging: Global Status Update. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/industry/tobacco-plain-packaging-global-status-update/en. This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) examines the implementation of tobacco plain packaging policies around the world, designed to restrict or prohibit colorful promotional information on tobacco products. By minimizing the attractiveness of tobacco products and increasing attention to health warnings, this policy aims to achieve gains in health and a reduction in tobacco demand.

Report. Tobacco Tax Reform at the Crossroads of Health and Development: A Multisectoral Perspective Tobacco Tax Reform at the Crossroads of Health and Development: A Multisectoral Perspective. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28494. This report from The World Bank Group suggests increasing excise tax on tobacco products in order to reduce tobacco demand, lower its consumption, and increase government revenues, potentially leading to significant health gains. Already, China, Gambia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines, for example, have implemented successful tax reforms, highlighting that health gains and successful results are possible in various contexts, with evidence-based, targeted policies.

Article. Smoking Prevalence and Attributable Disease Burden in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2015 Smoking Prevalence and Attributable Disease Burden in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2017; 389(10082): 1885-1906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X. This article from The Lancet analyzes global trends in smoking, a leading risk factor for early death and disability globally. The authors of this study find progress has been made in curbing the global prevalence of daily smoking, which reduced from 29.4 percent in 1990 to 15.3 percent in 2015. Countries who have made laudable and successful efforts to implement strong tobacco control policies and programs include Brazil and Panama, among other high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries in Latin America. Further progress is still to be made in countries such as China, India, the USA, and Russia, which account for 52.2% of global deaths attributable to smoking.

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Report. Earmarked Tobacco Taxes: Lessons Learnt From Nine Countries Earmarked Tobacco Taxes: Lessons Learnt From Nine Countries. World Health Organization 2016. https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/economics/earmarked-tobacco-taxes-lesson-nine-countries/en. This report from the World Health Organization (WHO) shares the experiences of nine countries: Botswana, Egypt, Iceland, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Thailand, and Vietnam, in implementing excise taxes, aimed to reduce tobacco demand and consumption. The experiences of these countries—carrying diverse political contexts and histories—are analyzed through multiple lenses in this report. The publication also presents detailed case studies which highlight different aspects of these countries’ processes in creating and implementing these unique policies.

Article. Tobacco Use and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years Xi B et al. Tobacco Use and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure in Young Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years: Data from 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. The Lancet Global Health 2016; 4(11): 795-805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30187-5. This article from The Lancet analyzes data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey and the China Global Tobacco Youth Survey to examine the prevalence of current tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke in young adolescents from 68 low-income and middle-income countries. The study found that in most of these countries, tobacco use was more prevalent in boys than in girls. Additionally, parental tobacco use was associated with higher tobacco use in young adolescents. Smoking during adolescence often leads to smoking during adulthood. Tobacco use increases the risk of many diseases including respiratory illness, asthma, reduced pulmonary function, and has long-term consequences on noncommunicable diseases. The authors emphasize the need for stronger tobacco control interventions in young adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.

Report. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products. The National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/18997. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11040 This report considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products to 19, 21, and 25 years. Conducted at the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products explores the serious implications of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years, a time in life when the parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity are still developing, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products aims to provide a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.

Brief. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization 2003. https://www.who.int/fctc/text_download/en. The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was a treaty formed in 2003, serving as a response to the globalizing tobacco epidemic, sparked by trade liberalization and global marketing. The treaty has 168 signatories, marking it as one of the most widely accepted treaties in United Nations history. The treaty focuses on regulation of tobacco products, packaging and labeling of tobacco products, education and public awareness, tobacco advertising, and demand reduction measures.

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NCD U.S.

Data Interactive. Diabetes in the United States Diabetes in the United States. Interactive. The State of Obesity, Better Policies for a Healthier America. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2019. https://stateofobesity.org/diabetes. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11855 Diabetes rates have nearly doubled in the United States over the past 20 years, and the CDC projects that one in three adults could have diabetes by 2050. This interactive visualization allows users to explore national and state-level data on diabetes in the United States. Users can assess historical data, and select states to view subnational trends.

Data Publication. Health, United States, 2017: With Special Feature on Mortality Health, United States, 2017: With Special Feature on Mortality. National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12739 This annual data publication from the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention presents the latest data on health in the United States. It includes data from four major subject areas—health status and determinants, utilization of health resources, health care resources, and health care expenditures and payers. In addition, the 2017 report highlights a special feature on mortality, analyzing data and trends in this topic of public health interest and policy relevance. Trends illuminated in the special feature show that the first significant decreases in life expectancy at birth since 1993 were observed in recent years. Beyond summarizing trends in death rates by age group, the special feature explores three causes of death that have increasingly led to losses in life expectancy: drug overdose, suicide, and chronic liver disease.

Article Series. Cancer Survivorship in the USA Cancer Survivorship in the USA. The Lancet Oncology 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-survivorship-USA. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11525 This Lancet Series examines cancer survivorship programs in United States health care systems. This series of five papers covers important topics in the field, including follow-up care, primary care involvement, and psychosocial services. Cancer survivors, their needs, and perspectives are also defined in one paper, and another evaluates the success of these programs.

Series papers and articles include:

• Defining Cancer Survivors, Their Needs, and Perspectives on Survivorship Health Care in the USA • Follow-up Care of Cancer Survivors: Challenges and Solutions • Integrating Primary Care Providers in the Care of Cancer Survivors: Gaps in Evidence and Future Opportunities • Provision of Integrated Psychosocial Services for Cancer Survivors Post-Treatment • Evaluation of Effectiveness of Survivorship Programmes: How to Measure Success?

Chartbook. Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States Buttorff C et al. Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States. RAND Corporation 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/tools/TL221.html. This chartbook from the RAND Corporation presents recent data on various chronic conditions in the United States, highlighting those that are most prevalent and contributing most to mortality and morbidity. Of note, as of 2014, 60 percent of American adults had at least one chronic condition, and 42 percent had more than one chronic condition. In order to understand the effects this plays on individuals, families, and the American health care system, educators and learners can review the analysis on the three major categories of this report: prevalence of multiple chronic conditions; health service use and spending; and functional status of adults with multiple chronic conditions.

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NCD COUNTRY CASES

Article Series. Cancer Control in Small Island Nations Cancer Control in Small Island Nations. The Lancet Oncology 2019. https://www.thelancet.com/series/small-island-nations. This article series from The Lancet Oncology journal focuses on cancer control in the Pacific and Caribbean islands. These island nations are isolated small populations subject to ecological and economic vulnerabilities that result in poor access to cancer care services, overburdened systems, and inadequate surveillance. As these regions are facing a growing cancer burden, the articles and comments in this Series highlight the urgent need to receive funding and investments by collaborating with larger nations and creating more comprehensive models for cancer care, ranging from planning and prevention to treatment. The articles discuss challenges, progress, and potential strategies for each of the nations from a regional and global perspective.

Article Series. Global Oncology Global Oncology. The Lancet Oncology 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/series/global-oncology. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12439 This Lancet Oncology Series explores issues in addressing the growing cancer burden in low- and middle-income countries. The mortality rates associated with infectious diseases have decreased in these countries. As individuals are live longer, cancer will become a primary cause of morbidity and mortality—the effect of an aging population, access to new medicines, and lifestyle changes. The four papers in these series focus on the critical infrastructure required to tackle the burden of cancer, including cancer registries, surveillance, and new genomics technologies.

Series papers include:

• Cancer Surveillance in Northern Africa, and Central and Western Asia: Challenges and Strategies in Support of Developing Cancer Registries

• Tackling Cancer Burden in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Morocco as an Exemplar • Harnessing Genomics to Improve Outcomes for Women with Cancer in India: Key Priorities for Research • Population-Based Cancer Screening Programmes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Regional

Consultation of the International Cancer Screening Network in India

Article Series. Cancer in Peru Cancer in Peru. The Lancet Oncology 2017. http://www.thelancet.com/series/cancer-in-peru. This Lancet Series focuses on the disease burden and epidemiology of cancer in Peru, as well as the government’s national cancer control plan and specific stakeholder and collaborator interventions in rural parts of the country. The papers outline the aggressive measures taken by Peru to address the cancer burden and the importance of equitable access to care.

Series papers include:

• Cancer Patterns, Trends, and Transitions in Peru: A Regional Perspective • Assessment of Cancer Control Capacity and Readiness: The Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency • The Implementation of the Plan Esperanza and Response to the imPACT Review • Resource-Stratified Implementation of a Community-Based Breast Cancer Management Programme in Peru

Report. Challenges to Effective Cancer Control in China, India, and Russia Goss PE et al. Challenges to Effective Cancer Control in China, India, and Russia. The Lancet Oncology 2014; 15: 489–538. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70029-4. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11054 This Commission report describes the overall state of health and cancer control in China, India, and Russia. It also considers additional specific issues for each country: for China, access to care, contamination of the environment, and cancer fatalism and traditional medicine; for India, affordability of care, provision of adequate health personnel, and sociocultural barriers to cancer control; and for Russia, monitoring of the burden of cancer, societal attitudes towards

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cancer prevention, effects of inequitable treatment and access to medicine, and a need for improved international engagement. Improvements in socioeconomic conditions are usually associated with increased cancer incidence. China, India, and Russia share vast geographies, growing economies, aging populations, increasingly westernized lifestyles, relatively disenfranchised subpopulations, serious contamination of the environment, and uncontrolled cancer-causing communicable infections; all three countries are seeing rapidly rising cancer incidence and have cancer mortality rates that are nearly twice as high as in the United Kingdom or the United States.

Article Series. Diabetes in China Diabetes in China. The Lancet 2014. http://www.thelancet.com/series/diabetes-in-china. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11108 This Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Series examines unique aspects of the diabetes epidemic in China and outlines public health strategies—such as targeted screening, improved prevention and access to care, and community support—that could help to manage diabetes in China as the health system continues to evolve. Diabetes has become a major public health crisis in China, with an annual projected cost of 360 billion RMB (almost 60 billion USD) by 2030. Recent health system reforms have resulted in successes in other areas of medicine in China, but efforts to address diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases lag behind. In addition to affecting the growing elderly population, Type 2 diabetes increasingly affects young people, with the combined effect being enormous tolls on productivity and health-care systems.

Series papers include:

• Diabetes in China: A Societal Solution for a Personal Challenge • Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in China • Early Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in China

INDIA

Article. Choosing Wisely India: Ten Low-Value or Harmful Practices That Should Be Avoided in Cancer Care Pramesh CS et al. Choosing Wisely India: Ten Low-Value or Harmful Practices That Should Be Avoided in Cancer Care. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20(4): 218-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30092-0. This article in The Lancet Oncology journal by Professor Pramesh et al. provides an overview of the Choosing Wisely India campaign, an initiative to identify low-value and harmful practices in the Indian caner health care system. The campaign aims to provide high-quality, affordable cancer care to patients, integrating communication between physicians, patients, families, and policy-makers about improving cancer care. This article identifies ten practices, highlighting four new recommendations and six adaptations relating to diagnosis, treatment, palliative care, imaging, and system-level delivery of care. Choosing Wisely India works directly with advocacy groups and is patient-centered to avoid harmful practices and unnecessary tests or procedures for patients.

Article. The Impact of Air Pollution on Deaths, Disease Burden, and Life Expectancy Across the States of India India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Air Pollution Collaborators. The Impact of Air Pollution on Deaths, Disease Burden, and Life Expectancy Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2018. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018; 3(1): 26-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30261-4. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12806 This article from The Lancet Planetary Health examines the impact of air pollution on morbidity and mortality in India in 2017. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 14 of the 15 cities with the worst air pollution in the world are in India. The authors estimated the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) that can be attributed to exposure to air pollution. They found that 77 percent of the population of India experienced exposure to air that is more polluted than the recommended limits in India. Furthermore, they estimate that approximately 1.24 million deaths in India in 2017 were due to air pollution, adding that just over half of these deaths were in people under the age of 70. Overall, they conclude that India suffers from a very high toll due to air pollution and that multisectoral solutions are required to combat it.

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Country Case. The Changing Patterns of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the States of India India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CVD Collaborators. The Changing Patterns of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1339-1351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30407-8. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12660 This article from The Lancet discusses the distribution of cardiovascular diseases in India from 1990 to 2016 and explores how major risk factors have changed over time. It estimates that cardiovascular diseases caused 28.1 percent of the total deaths in India in 2016, an increase from 15.2 percent in 1990. It additionally reports large increases in the burden of ischemic heart disease and stroke from 1990–2016. Dietary risks, high blood pressure, air pollution, high body-mass index, and tobacco use were found to be some of the key risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in 2016. The prevalence of many of these risk factors also increased in the population from 1990–2016. The authors recommend swift policy and health system action to respond to these increasing threats.

Country Case. The Increasing Burden of Diabetes and Variations Among the States of India India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Diabetes Collaborators. The Increasing Burden of Diabetes and Variations among the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1352-1362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30387-5. This article in The Lancet explores trends in diabetes distribution across India through an analysis of data from 1990 to 2016. It finds that the number of people with diabetes increased from 26 million to 65 million over these 16 years, and prevalence increased from 5.5% to 7.7%. Disaggregating 2016 data by state shows the highest prevalence of diabetes in Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as Delhi. Data illustrates that being overweight is the most prevalent indicator, as 36% of the diabetes DALYs could be attributed to this risk factor. An increase in diabetes across all Indian states suggests that greater policy action is needed to control diabetes across the country.

Country Case. The Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Heterogeneity Across the States of India India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative CRD Collaborators. The Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Heterogeneity Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health 2018; 6(12): 1363-1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30409-1. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12662 This article from The Lancet examines the distribution of chronic respiratory diseases in India from 1990–2016 and explores the trends and heterogeneity in these conditions across the states of India. It reports that the share of total DALYs (disability adjusted life years) in India caused by chronic respiratory diseases has gone up from approximately 4.5 percent in 1990 to 6.4 percent in 2016. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) accounted for 75.6 percent of the total DALYs in 2016 in India caused by chronic respiratory disease, with the number of cases in the population drastically increasing from 1990–2016. The authors point out that India has a uniquely high burden of chronic respiratory diseases and that there is a need for policy interventions to combat this issue.

Country Case. The Burden of Cancers and Their Variations Across the States of India India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Cancer Collaborators. The Burden of Cancers and Their Variations Across the States of India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Oncology 2018; 19(10): 1289-1306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30447-9. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12640 This article, published in The Lancet Oncology, examines epidemiological reporting of 28 types of cancer across all states in India from 1990–2016. The authors note that delivery of health care varies across each state; hence it seeks to inform action for cancer control that can be useful for targeted and singular approaches that are commensurate with the needs of each state. In order to complete the study, the article collaborators used all accessible data from multiple sources, including 42 population-based cancer registries and the nationwide Sample Registration System of India. The article presents cancer incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and death rates for all various cancers combined, the trends of all types of cancers, and the contribution of major risk factors to cancer DALYs in India. Overall, the number of new cases and deaths due to cancer doubled in India from 1990 to 2016, as did the proportional contribution of cancers to the total DALYs and deaths in the country. This is likely due to emerging indicators such as population aging, changes in cancer literacy, detection, and health-care access. The authors emphasize that

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improvement in human resources and infrastructure for prevention, screening, treatment, and palliative care for cancers, as well as adequate financial protection for cancer care can combat this increasing trend.

BRAZIL

Article. Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil: Burden and Current Challenges Schmidt M et al. Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil: Burden and Current Challenges. The Lancet 2011; 377(9781): 1949–1961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60135-9. This article in The Lancet summarizes the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil. NCDs are the main source of disease burden in Brazil, with the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and excess weight increasing as a result of poor diet and physical activity. Brazil has implemented policies for the prevention of NCDs and their risk factors. The article reviews successes and failures thus far, noting that policies for tobacco control have been successful in reducing overall NCDs, but gaps still exist in primary care provision, particularly for chronic care, prevention, and management of NCDs. The authors urge that NCDs must be a national priority in Brazil with specific focus on obesity and chronic diseases. The Brazilian health system must be strengthened by expanding the Family Health Program, increasing access to cost-effective drugs among the population, integrating chronic disease programs with ongoing ones, and working with social and academic institutions to reduce inequities across the country.

Article. Brazil and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Global Health Diplomacy as Soft Power Lee K et al. Brazil and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Global Health Diplomacy as Soft Power. PLOS Medicine 2010; 7(4). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000232. This article from PLOS Medicine reviews how Brazil has effectively contributed to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) by using “soft power”, a diplomatic approach to obtain an objective through persuasion and collaboration, within a multi-level and multi-actor global health cooperation. Brazil has become an emerging leader among international efforts towards climate change, trade, energy policy, and nuclear nonproliferation negotiations. More recently, Brazil has contributed to global health efforts such as the FCTC, an international treaty under the World Health Organization to set minimum standards for international tobacco control measures, such as limits on production, sale, distribution, and advertisement policies. Brazil has been one of the leading producers and exporters of tobacco, but has implemented many new policies such as graphic warnings, a regulating body for contents and emissions, and a ban on the use of “light” and “mild” terms to describe tobacco. The authors suggest that Brazil can be seen as an example of a new kind of global health diplomacy that encourages collaborative action towards making changes in global health challenges.

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Report. The Path to Longer and Healthier Lives for All Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Sub-Saharan Africa Agyepong IA et al. The Path to Longer and Healthier Lives for All Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet 2017; 390(10114): 2803-2859. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(17)31509-X. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11864 This Lancet Commission explores the challenges and opportunities faced by Sub-Saharan Africa in forging a path to longer, healthier lives for all Africans by the year 2030. The commission was founded in 2013 and is led by African physicians, scientists, and policy makers. The report notes that while there has been tremendous progress in Sub- Saharan Africa on increasing life expectancy, reducing maternal and child mortality, and increasing control of HIV and malaria, major challenges remain, including conflict, urban and rural exclusion, environmental degradation, and brain drain.

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Report. Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Clinical Care to Health Policy Atun R et al. Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Clinical Care to Health Policy. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 5(8): 622-667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30181-X. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12420 This Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission report quantifies the burden of diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa, identifies targets and milestone to optimize health care for individuals with the disease, and offers solutions to strengthen health systems in order to make cost-effective interventions possible. The prevalence of and risk for diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has surged in Sub-Saharan Africa in recent decades due to rapid demographic, sociocultural, and economic transitions. However, weak health systems have left many people undiagnosed and untreated, leading to a high prevalence of complications, premature mortality, and problems resulting from comorbidity with other noncommunicable and infectious diseases. The report presents the Commission’s key messages and suggests operational targets to help countries at all stages of development move toward achieving NCD targets set forth by the United Nations and the international 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.

Infographic. Burden of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa, 1990–2015 Burden of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa, 1990–2015. Infographic. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2016. http://www.healthdata.org/infographic/burden-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-diseases- africa-1990%E2%80%932015. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11380 This infographic from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) shows the burden of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in Africa from 1990 to 2015. Produced for World Diabetes Day 2016, alongside a forum in Nairobi, Kenya, it indicates how diabetes rates have been rising across Africa, with higher rates seen in women than men in many countries, while the burden of cardiovascular diseases has been falling in the same time period. It also indicates burden by country as well as the top five global risk factors for diabetes as well as for cardiovascular diseases.

Data Sheet. Addressing Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Young People in Africa Addressing Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Young People in Africa: Key to Prevention and Sustainable Development. Population Reference Bureau 2015. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2015/ncd-risk-youth-africa.aspx. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11239 This 2015 data sheet, produced by the Population Reference Bureau (PRB), provides data and graphics on risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCD) among African youth. The data sheet and an accompanying policy brief include a "dashboard," rating youth in 52 African countries as high risk, medium risk, or low risk on various aspects of the four main NCD risk factors. PRB has also produced a companion data appendix. The set of publications was supported by the AstraZeneca Young Health Programme (YHP). See similar reports produced by PRB on NCD risk factors among young people in the Middle East and North Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

COUNTRY PROFILES

Country Profiles. Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles. 2018 Global Nutrition Report. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/nutrition-profiles. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11223 This web portal, offered by the Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. and produced and disseminated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), provides global, regional, and country profiles that accompany the 2018 Global Nutrition Report, which documents the status of the world’s nutrition and progress made to meet global nutrition targets established by the World Health Assembly. The global fact sheet facilitates comparison of national- level data with the global situation. Regional and country profiles include information on child, adolescent, and adult nutritional status, in addition to intervention coverage, food supply, economics, and demography. A companion technical note is also available.

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Country Profiles. WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking Country Profiles Annex 2. Country Profiles. WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000- 2025, Second Edition. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/trends- tobacco-smoking-second-edition/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12475 These country profiles accompany the World Health Organization’s Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000-2025, Second Edition. Each country profile summarizes the latest data and projections on tobacco smoking prevalence by age, sex, and data source. These projections are intended to guide governments, policy makers, and regulators in developing appropriate tobacco control measures.

Country Profiles. Mental Mental Health Atlas 2017 Health Atlas 2017. Country Profiles. World Health Organization 2018. https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/profiles-2017/en. This web portal, offered by the World Health Organization (WHO), provides country profiles accompanying the WHO’s Mental Health Atlas 2017 global report, giving a snapshot of resources and services available in each country, as well as the implementation status of policies, plans and laws.

Country Profiles. Diabetes Country Profiles 2016 Diabetes Country Profiles 2016. 2016 Global Report on Diabetes Report. World Health Organization 2016. http://www.who.int/diabetes/country-profiles/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11225 This web portal, offered by the World Health Organization (WHO), provides country profiles which accompany the first WHO Global Report on Diabetes, published in 2016, and summarize the national status of diabetes prevention and control. Each profile includes data from a variety of sources on diabetes prevalence and trends, mortality, and risk factors. Information is synthesized on the availability of diabetes country plans, monitoring and surveillance, primary prevention and treatment policies, availability of medicines, basic technologies, and procedures.

TEACHING MATERIAL

Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Diabetes Epidemic Resource Pack: Diabetes Epidemic. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2017. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-diabetes-epidemic. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-diabetes-epidemic This resource pack was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator in recognition of World Diabetes Day and to augment the Forum on THE DIABETES EPIDEMIC: The Latest on Treatment and Prevention, on November 14, 2017, hosted by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and HuffPost.

Despite progress in our understanding of diabetes, evidence about the positive role of diet and exercise, and the availability of new treatment strategies, type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of death and disability in Americans. As new diagnoses in some populations plateau, rates in others groups, including African Americans and Latinos, are increasing. In this forum, experts in medical innovation, food policy, diabetes and obesity research, and community outreach will assess the promise of new approaches to diabetes, as well as explore remaining challenges. This resource collection includes reports, articles, data portals, fact sheets, country profiles, infographics—while key resources focus on the United States, materials span low, middle and high-income countries, reflecting the global nature of the diabetes epidemic.

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Teaching Pack. Teaching Pack: Tobacco Tax and Health Financing in the Philippines Teaching Pack: Tobacco Tax and Health Financing in the Philippines. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2017. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack- tobacco-tax-and-health-financing-in-. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack-tobacco-tax-and-health- financing-in- This teaching pack focuses on the connections between health, economics, and politics through a case study, “‘Sin Taxes’ and Health Financing in the Philippines.” Students explore the impact of taxing tobacco and alcohol, and the policy implemented in the Philippines to make a sustainable impact on reforming smoking prevalence. The case provides background on how Filipino history has shaped the country’s current health system. Students are invited to analyze the situations described by considering political history and the challenges of implementing and sustaining new health policies like the “sin tax.” The teaching pack also includes a discussion guide, instructor’s note, annotated bibliography, and a glossary.

Case Study. Electronic Cigarettes in the EU: The Political Economy of Product Regulation Persico N, Cheng C, Scocchi N. Electronic Cigarettes in the EU: The Political Economy of Product Regulation. Harvard Business School Publishing 2015. https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/KEL927-PDF-ENG. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10759 This case study describes the regulatory challenges facing the e-cigarette industry in 2013, in the context of a proposed classification of e-cigarettes as medical devices, regardless of nicotine, integrated in the European Commission’s “Tobacco Products Directive.” Students analyze the complex regulatory environment and learn about the state of the e-cigarette industry at that time, and explore how the e-cigarette industry could achieve its goal of an outcome that is less costly and restrictive than the proposed regulations.

Case Study. Hawaii Restricts E-Cigarette Sales to Youth Hawaii Restricts E-Cigarette Sales to Youth. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials 2014. http://www.astho.org/Prevention/Tobacco/Case-Study/Hawaii. This case study outlines the measures that Hawaii took to reduce e-cigarette sales, the results after implementation, and the lessons learned in the process. This resource can be useful for policymakers, who can learn from Hawaii’s previous experience and apply it to their own context, and for educators exploring the intricacies of policymaking.

Teaching Case. Who’s Calling Me Fat? Or How Columbia Got its Obesity Prevention Campaign Back on Track Weinberger E. Who’s Calling Me Fat? Or How Columbia Got its Obesity Prevention Campaign Back on Track. Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders, Harvard University 2013. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/striped/teaching-cases/whos-calling-me-fat. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10817 This case study follows a campaign to prevent childhood obesity that, although well-intentioned, encountered community and national backlash for its stigmatizing messages and images. The case explores the decision-making processes of the campaign’s planning team—health and government officials, activists, experts, and marketers—as they develop a new approach that is both evidence-based and inclusive of community input. Through this case, students develop skills in designing a social marketing campaign that is informed by the evidence and attentive to ethical concerns in both its design and evaluation plan. This case is accompanied by a downloadable lesson plan that includes a homework assignment and in-class assignment instructions.

Teaching Case. Mexico’s Growing Childhood Obesity Challenge Mexico’s Growing Childhood Obesity Challenge. Global Health Institute, Emory University 2012. http://www.globalhealth.emory.edu/what/student_programs/case_competitions/2012_intramural_cc.html. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10679 This case considers how Mexico can develop effective and politically feasible policies to combat childhood obesity. Dr. Hernandez, the Ministry of Health (MOH) division director of Child Health has just returned from a week long UN meeting on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that ended with an official UN declaration demanding governments put into place specific NCD prevention and control targets. Even at the meeting, Dr. Hernandez’s peers had criticized

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Mexico’s efforts on preventing childhood obesity inadequate. What could be done? He wondered what health interventions would have the most impact. Yet, he also worried about political ramifications. Would such efforts antagonize Mexico’s trade partners? How could he ensure that an anti-obesity initiative would take priority over other efforts that had more immediate and concrete economic returns? His team had to prepare an innovative plan that would have a real impact on the childhood obesity crisis but that could still be justified both in terms of cost (particularly in the short-term) and politics.

Online Learning. Medicine: Rethinking Cancer Medicine: Rethinking Cancer. TED Studies 2011. http://www.ted.com/read/ted-studies/medicine. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10859 This educational series from TED Studies explores the prevention, detection, and treatment of one of the leading causes of death worldwide: cancer. The speakers examine the burden of cancer within modern society, consider the opportunities and limitations of new technologies and treatments, describe new research and debate funding models, and discuss the increasing importance of "big data" and multidisciplinary teams in controlling cancer.

Videos include:

• A Test That Finds 3x More Breast Tumors, and Why It’s Not Available to You (Deborah Rhodes, 2011) – 21:08 • Color-Coded Surgery (Quyen Nguyen, 2011) – 16:08 • Can We Eat to Starve Cancer? (William Li, 2010) – 20:02 • Meet the Future of Cancer Research (Eva Vertes, 2006) – 18:49 • Open-Source Cancer Research (Jay Bradner, 2011) – 12:47 • Understanding Cancer Through Proteomics (Danny Hillis, 2011) – 19:55

DATA

Data Portal. Databases on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Databases on Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health. World Health Organization 2019. http://www.who.int/nmh/databases/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11269 This data portal, maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains links to key databases on chronic disease and risk factors, mental health and substance abuse, suicide, and tobacco use.

Data Portal. The Tobacco Atlas The Tobacco Atlas. American Cancer Society 2018. https://tobaccoatlas.org. This data portal, The Tobacco Atlas, by the American Cancer Society, provides interactive maps, figures, and graphs about many featured topics related to tobacco use, such as prevalence, health effects, taxes, becoming smoke-free, and more. The portal includes a collection of issues involved with tobacco, as well as various innovative solutions and strategies useful for combating the global issue. Users of the data portal can read featured updated news stories about tobacco around the world, explore data by country, or download the full Tobacco Atlas report.

Article. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018. https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12721 This data publication from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) presents the global latest data related to heart disease and stroke in an accessible format. The short publication breaks down the global burden of heart disease and stroke in six sections: cardiovascular disease types, risk factors, burden, action, the future and the past, and world tables. Beyond preventable mortality, heart diseases also cause high morbidity and economic burden. By discussing current research, organizations, prevention approaches, health education, legislation, and treatment, this resource provides information for future policy development.

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Data Interactive. Tobacco Visualization Tobacco Visualization. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2017. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/tobacco. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12297 This data interactive, presented by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), shows modeled trends in smoking prevalence worldwide and by country for the years 1980 to 2015. This interactive uses data derived from nationally represented sources that measured tobacco use. Users can navigate among the worldwide, country, and data views to visualize increasing levels of detail.

Data. National Diabetes Statistics Report National Diabetes Statistics Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11854 The National Diabetes Statistics Report provides updated statistics about diabetes in the United States, including information on prevalence and incidence, risk factors for complications, acute and long-term complications, deaths, and costs. The report documented that in 2015 more than 30 million (9.4%) people of all ages had diabetes, and approximately 7.2 million (23.8%) were not aware of their diagnosis. Among those aged 65 years or older, the percentage of adults with diabetes increased to 25.2%.