resistencia quimica

1

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CONTENTS:

Introduction

Chemical Resistance Index

Chemical Resistance of:PVC, CPVC, PE, PP, PVDFECTFE, ETFE, FEP, PFA

Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastics usedin Dual Laminate Constructions

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1. Introduction

It is now inconceivable to construct pipelines and tankswithout the use of plastics. Pipes made from plastics are usednot only for drinking water, for general use and waste water,but also for the conveyance of aggressive liquids and gases.However limitations imposed by lower tensile strength andtemperature of thermoplastics dictate that for certain applica-tions some type of reinforcement be used. A typical exampleof this is the lining of metal pipe by a suitable plastic. Anotherand, for many applications, a better way is to use fiberglassreinforcement (also known as “Dual Laminate” construction)which can provide a better bonding between the liner plasticand the reinforcement. With tanks the problem of bondingbetween a thermoplastic liner and a metal shell is reducedbecause the larger diameter allows for different bondingtechniques to be used. Even so there can be additionaladvantages to be gained thru the use of fiberglass reinforce-ment for tanks also.

It is, however, important that the most suitable plastic materialis selected for each application. This “Chemical ResistanceList” serves as a useful guide in this respect. The list isperiodically revised to include the latest findings. It containsall plastics in "Dual Laminate" product range which can come into direct contact with the media.

The information is based on experiments, immersion and,when available, on data from tests which include temperatureand pressure as stress factors. The results achieved inimmersion experiments cannot be applied without reserva-tion to pipes under stress, i.e. internal pressure, as the factor“stress corrosion cracking” is not taken into consideration. Incertain cases it can be of advantage to test the suitabilityunder the planned working conditions. The tests referred tohave been carried out partly by George Fischer, B. F. Goodrich,Symalit, DuPont and partly by the International Standardiza-tion Organization (ISO) or national standards organizations.

Pure chemicals were used for the tests except where indicated.If a mixture of chemicals is to be conveyed in practice thismay affect the chemical resistance of the plastic. It is possiblein special cases to carry out appropriate tests with the

specific mixture. Suitable test equipment is available for thispurpose. It is recommended that the companies suppling thetest data for this Guide be contacted directly for additionalinformation or testing. (See page 2 for specific information onthe source company.)

The “Chemical Resistance List” gives valuable assistance inthe planning of plastic pipelines and tanks and Dual Lami-nates. Please refer to the following instructions, which areimportant for the application and evaluation of this list.

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2. Instructions for the Use of the ChemicalResistance List

2.1 General

As stated in the introduction, the “Chemical Resistance List” is onlyintended as a guide. Changes in the composition of the medium orspecial working conditions could lead to deviations. If there is anydoubt, it is advisable to test the behavior of the material under thespecific working conditions, by means of a pilot installation. No guar-antees can be given in respect of the information contained in thisbooklet. The data shown is based upon information available at thetime of printing, but it may, however, be revised from time to time in thelight of subsequent research and experience.

DLFA is grateful to the following companies for their permission toreproduce the information contained in this Chemical Resistance Guide:

George Fischer, Inc. 2882 Dow Av, Tustin, CA 92680-7285(Basic Guide Layout plus data for PVC, PE, PP and PVDF.)

Symalit AG, CH-5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland -(Data on ECTFE, FEP and PFA.)

B F Goodrich, 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 441413247 -(Data on CPVC)

E. I.DuPont de Nemours, 1625 Newport Gap Pike, Wilmington DE,19808 (Data on ETFE.)

Please contact the above supplier for further information on ChemicalResistance.

2.2 Classification

The customary classifications:resistant, conditionally resistant and not recommended are depicted bythe signs: +, O, and –, which allow simple presentation and applica-tion. These classifications are defined as:

Resistant: +Within the acceptable limits of pressure and temperature the material isunaffected or only insignificantly affected.

Conditionally Resistant: OThe medium can attack the material or cause swelling. Restrictions mustbe made in regard to pressure and/or temperature, taking the expectedservice life into account. The service life of the installation can benoticeably shortened.

Not recommended: –The material cannot be used with the medium at all, or only underspecial conditions.

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2.3 Pipe Joints2.3.1 Solvent Cement Joints (PVC)

Solvent cement joints made with standard PVC cement and primersystems are generally as resistant as the PVC material itself. Thefollowing chemicals are, however, an exception:

Sulfuric acid H2SO4 in concentrations above 70 percentHydrochloric acid HCI in concentrations above 25 percentNitric acid HNO3 in concentrations above 20 percentHydrofluoric acid in any concentration

In conjunction with the above media the solvent cement joining isclassified as “conditionally resistant”. Previously recommendedsolvent cement (Dytex, by Henkel, Germany) used for pipe andfittings to carry concentrated acids, can no longer be brought intothe United States because of its methylene chloride solvent systembeing classified as a carcinogen. There is no known domesticallyavailable substitute. Special consideration should be given to thepossible attack of the cemented joints by these concentrated acids.

2.3.2 Fusion Joints

In the case of PE, PP, and PVDF (SYGEF®) heat fusion joints havepractically the same chemical resistance as the respective material.In conjunction with media which could cause stress cracking, thefused joints can be subjected to an increased risk due to residualstress from the joining process.

2.4 General Summary and Limits of Application

The following tables includes all the materials contained in theNorcore product range, and their abbreviations. The summarygives preliminary information regarding the general behavior of thematerials and the temperature limits.In this connection we refer to the “Chemical Resistance Lists” whichhave been published as Standards. From the ISO these are:ISO/TR 7473–1979Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings - Chemical resis-tance with respect to fluidsISO/TR 7474–1979High density polyethylene pipes and fittings – Chemical resistancewith respect to fluids to be conveyedISO/TR 7471–1978Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings – Chemical resistance withrespect to fluidsThe technical data given in this publication are for general informa-tion purposes only. They imply no warranty of whatever kind.

Physical Constants of Organic & Inorganic Compounds

Density values given at room temperature unless otherwise indicatedby superscript figure: thus 0.97112 indicates a density of 0.97 for thesubstance at 112 0C. A density of 0.8916

4 indicates a density of0.89 for the substance at 16 0C relative to water at 4 0C.

5

Material Abrev. Remarks Maximum PermissibleTemperature (Water)

Constant Short0C

edirolhClynivyloP CVP htiwelbicsimsdnupmoccinagrootdnasilakla,sdicafosnoitulostsomottnatsiseR.snobracordyhdetanirolhcdnacitamoraottnatsisertoN.retaw

06 0 06 0

edirolhClynivloPdetanirohC CVPC rofyrotcafhtiwtlusnoC.serutarepmetrehgihtatubCVPotylralimisdesuebnaC.snoitacilppacificeps

09 0 011 0

enelyhteyloPytisned-hgiH 05EP rebmunegralaotsallewsastlasdnasilakla,sdicafosnoitulossuordyhottnatsiseR.sdicagnizidixodetartnecnocrofelbatiusnU.stnevloscinagrofo

06 0 08 0

dezilibatstaeh,enelyporpyloP PP .serutarepmetrehgihrofelbatiustubEPfotahtotralimisecnatsiserlacimehC 09 0 011 0

ediroulFenedilynivyloP FDVP)FEGYS(

,snobracordyhcitamoradnacitahpila,snegolah,snoitulostlas,sdicaottnatsiseR,sretse,senotekrofelbatiusyllanoitidnoC.slohocladnasnobracordyhdetanirolhc

.snoitulosenilakaladnasesabcinagro

041 0 051 0

-oroullfirtorolhc-enelyhtEremylopoCenelyhte

EFTCE ,snobracordyhcitamoradnacitahpila,snegolah,snoitulostlas,sdicaottnatsiseR,sretse,senotekrofelbatiusyllanoitidnoC.slohocladnasnobracordyhdetanirolhc

.snoitulosenilakaladnasesabcinagro

051 0 571 0

enelyhteoroulfartet-enelytEremylopoC

EFTE citamoradnacitahpila,snegolah,snoitulostlas,senilakla,sdicaottnatsiseR.sedyhedlAdnasretsE,senaruF,slohoclA,senimA,senoteK,snobracordyh

002 0 522 0

enelyporp-enelyhtedetaniroulF PEF citamoradnacitahpila,snegolah,snoitulostlas,senilakla,sdicaottnatsiseR.sedyhedlAdnasretsE,senaruF,slohoclA,senimA,senoteK,snobracordyh

002 0 522 0

yxokla-roulfreP AFP citamoradnacitahpila,snegolah,snoitulostlas,senilakla,sdicaottnatsiseR.sedyhedlAdnasretsE,senaruF,slohoclA,senimA,senoteK,snobracordyh

522 0

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%

Concentration PPPECPVC

FEPETFE

Sygef PVDFMedium Formula ConcentrationECTFE

6

Acetaldehyde CH3–CHO 21 technically pure 0.78164 20 – – + O – + + + +

(C2H4O) 40 O – + + + + + +60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + +

“40%, aqueous” 20 O – + + – + + + +solution 40 – + + + + + +

60 O + + + +80 O + + +

100 – + +120150

Acetic acid CH3COOH 118 “technically pure,” 11.05204 20 O – + + + + + + +

glacial 40 – + + O + + + +60 O O – + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


7

Acetic acid CH3COOH “50%, aqueous” 20 + – + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 O + + + +

100 O + + + +120 + + +150

“10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

Acetic acid anhydride CH3–CO 139 technically pure 1.08154 20 – – + + – + + + +

\ 40 O O + + + + O 60 + + + / 80 + + +CH3–CO 100 + + +

120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


8

Acetic ether see Ethyl acetateAcetone CH3–CO–CH3 56 technically pure. 0.8020

4 20 – – + + – + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

CH3–CO–CH3 “up to 10%,” 20 – – + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Acrylic ester CH2=CH–COO CH2CH3 100 technically pure 0.93204 20 – – O + + +

40 – + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


9

Acrylonitrile CH2=CH–CN 77 technically pure 0.81204 20 – -– + + – + + +

40 + O – + + +60 + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Adipic acid HOOC–(CH2 )4–COOH 153* “saturated,” 1.17224 20 + + + + + + + + +

aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Alcoholic spirits approx. 40% 20 + O + + + + + +“(Gin, Whiskey, etc.)” ethyl alcohol 40 + + + +

60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


10

Allyl alcohol H2C=CH–CH2–OH 97 96% 0.85204 20 O O + + + + + + +

40 – + + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Alum see Potassium/aluminium sulphates

Aluminium chloride AICI3 “10%, aqueous” 2.4425 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

115 saturated 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


11

100 O + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Aluminium sulphate AI2(SO4)3 “10%, aqueous” 1.61 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Ammonia NH3 –33 “gaseous,” 20 + – + + + + + + +technically pure 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + O + + +80 O + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


12

Ammonium acetate CH3COONH4 “aqueous, all” 1.1720 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + +150 + +

Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 “50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Ammonium chloride NH4Cl “aqueous, 10%” 1.5325 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


13

Ammonium chloride 115 aqueous 20 + + + + + + + + +cold saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Ammonium hydrogen fluoride NH4HF2 “50%, aqueous” 1.51 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH “aqueous,” 20 + O + + – + + + +cold saturated 40 + + + + + + +≈25% 60 O + + + + + +

80 + + + +100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


14

Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 “aqueous, 10%” 1.7325 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + O + + + + + +80 + O + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + +

112 “aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + O + + + + + +80 + O + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Ammonium phosphate NH4H2PO4 “aqueous, all” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 O + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


15

Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 “10%, aqueous” 1.7720 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Ammonium sulphide (NH4)2S “aqueous,all” 1.3 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


16

Amyl acetate CH3(CH2)4–OOCCH3 141 technically pure 0.8820 20 – – + O + + + + +40 + O O + + + +60 + – O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Amyl alcohol CH3(CH2)3–CH2–OH 137 technically pure 0.81204 20 + O + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 O + + +150 + + +

Aniline C6H5NH2 182 technically pure 1.022 0 20 – O O O + – + + +40 + + + +60 O + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


17

Aniline hydrochloride NH3++Cl– “aqueous,” 20 + + + + +saturated 40 O + + +

60 O O +80 +

100120150

Anon see Cyclohexanone

Antimony trichloride SbCI3 “90%, aqueous” 3.10 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Aqua regia HNO3+HCI Concentrated 20 + + – O O + + + +40 O O – + + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


18

Arsenic acid H3AsO4 “80%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 102 “aqueous,” 2.21 6 20 + + + + – + + + +saturated 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Barium salts “aqueous, all” 4.4 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


19

Arsenic acid H3AsO4 “80%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 102 “aqueous,” 2.21 6 20 + + + + – + + + +saturated 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Barium salts “aqueous, all” 4.4 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


20

Battery acid see Sulphuric acid 40%

“Beef tallow emulsion,”sulphonated usual 20 + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + +

60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Beer usual 20 + + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Benzaldehyde C6H5 CHO 180 “saturated,” 1.0420 20 – – + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + O + + + +

60 + – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


21

Benzene C6H6 80 technically pure 0.88154 20 – – O O + + + + +

40 O – O + + + +60 – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Benzine C5H12 to C12H26 80– free of lead 20 + + O + + + +130 and aromatic 40 + + + + + +

compounds 60 + O – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Benzoic acid C6H5COOH 122*“ aqueous, all” 1.08 20 + + + + + + + +40 + O + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


22

Benzyl alcohol C6H5CH2OH 206 technically pure 1.05204 20 O – + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 O O O + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Bleaching lye NaOCl + Na Cl 12.5% active 20 + + O O O +“chlorine,” 40 + + – – O +aqueous 60 O + – +

80 + +100 +120150

Borax Na2B4O7 “all, aqueous” 1.4 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


23

Boric acid H3BO4 “aqueous, all” 0.86 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“Brine, sea water” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“Bromine, liquid” Br2 59 technically pure 3.10254 20 – – – – + + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + +

100 O + +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


24

“Bromine, vapours” Br2 high 20 – – – – + + + +40 + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 O + +120150

Bromine water Br - water “saturated,” 20 + – – + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + +

60 + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

Butadiene H2C=CH–CH=CH2 –4 technically pure 0.65-64 20 + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


25

Butane C4H10 0 technically pure 0.600 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Butanediol HO–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH 230 “aqueous, 10%” 1.01254 20 + + + + + + +

40 O + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Butanol C4H9OH 117 technically pure 0.81204 20 + O + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 O + O + + + +80 O + + + +

100 O + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


26

Butyl acetate CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH3 126 technically pure 0.89204 20 – -– + O + + + + +

40 O + + + +60 – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

“Butyl phenol, “ (CH3)3CC6H4OH 237 technically pure 0.98204 20 O O + + + + + +

p-tertiary 40 – + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Butylene glycol HO–CH2–CH=CH–CH2–OH 235 technically pure 1.00 20 + + + +40 + + + +60 O + + +80 +

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


27

Butylene liquid C4H8 technically pure 0.700 20 + – – + + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Butyric acid CH3–CH2–CH2–COOH 163technically pure 0.96204 20 + – + + – + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 O + + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + +

Calcium bisulfite Ca (HSO3)2 “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


28

Calcium chloride CaCl2 125 “saturated,” 2.1625 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous (all) 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 100 “aqueous,” 2.34 20 + + + + O + + + +saturated 40 + + + + – + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 “cold saturated,” 2.35 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + O + + + +80 + O + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


29

Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 115 “50%, aqueous” 2.501 8 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Carbon dioxide CO2 “technically pure,” 1.35 20 + + + + + + + + +(carbonic acid) anhydrous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

“technically pure,” 20 + + + + + + + + +moist 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


30

Carbon disulphide CS2 46 technically pure 1.26304 20 – -– O O + + + +

40 + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 77 technically pure 1.592525 20 – – – – + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Caustic potash solution KOH 131 “50%, aqueous” 2.00 20 + + + + – + + + +(potassium hydroxide) 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + O + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


31

Caustic soda solution NaOH “up to 10%,” 2.13204 20 + + + + – + + + +

(Sodium hydroxide) aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + +150 + +

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 “up to 40%,” 20 + + + + – + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + – + + + +

60 O + + + – + + + +80 + + – + + + +

100 + + + + +120 O + +150 + +

“50%, aqueous” 2.1 20 + + + + – + + + +40 + + + + – + + + +60 + + + + – + + + +80 + + – + + + +

100 + + + + +120 O + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


32

Chloral hydrate CCl3–CH(OH)2 98 technically pure 1.9 20 – + O – + + + +40 + + + +60 + – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Chlorethanol ClCH2–CH2OH 129 technically pure 20 – + + +40 + + O60 + + O80 –

100120150

Chloric acid HClO3 “10%, aqueous” 1.28204 20 + + + – + + + +

40% Sol. 40 + + + + + +60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


33

Chloric acid (conti) “20%, aqueous” 20 + + O – + + + +40 + + + +60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Chlorine Cl2 “moist,” 20 O – – – O + + + +97% gaseous 40 + + + +

60 + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

“anhydrous,” 20 O O – + + + + +technically pure 40 O + + + + +

60 – + + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + + +120 + +

150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


34

Chlorine (conti.)) “liquid,” 1.56-35 20 – – – – + + + +technically pure 40 + + +

60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Chlorine water saturated 20 O + O O O + + +40 O + O + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

“Chloroacetic acid,” ClCH2COOH 188 technically pure 1.58 20 + + + – + + +mono 40 + + + + + +

60 O + + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


35

“Chloroacetic acid,” “50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +mono (conti) 40 + + + O + + + +

60 + + – + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 132 technically pure 1.112 0 20 – – O + + + + + +40 + + + + +60 O – + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Chloroform CHCl3 62 technically pure 1.482020 20 – – – O + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Chloromethane see Methylchloride

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


36

Chlorosulphonic acid Cl SO3 H 158 technically pure 20 O – – O + + +40 – + +6080

100120150

Chrome alum KCr(SO4)2 “cold saturated,” 1. 8325 20 + + + + + +(chromium potassium sulphate) aqueous 40 + + + + + +

60 + + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Chromic acid CrO3+H2O “up to 50%,” 2.725 20 + + O O + + + + +aqueous 40 + + – – + + + + +

60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + +120 O + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


37

Chromic acid (conti) “all, aqueous” 20 + O O + + + + +40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 O + +

100 O + +120 + +150 + +

Chromic acid CrO3 50g 2.725 20 + – – + + + +plus Sulfuric acid H2SO4 15g 1.8320 40 + + + +plus water H2O 35g 60 O + + +

80 O + +100 + +120 + +150 + +

Cider 20 + + + +40 +60 +80

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


38

Citric acid HO CH2–COOH 153* “10%, aqueous” 1.67 20 + + + + + + + + C 40 + + + + + + + +

HOOC CH2–COOH 60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + +

Clophenes C6H5-C6H4Cl 2 technically pure 20 – + + +40 + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +

“Coal gas, benzene free” 20 + + + + +40 +60 +80 +

100 +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


39

Coconut fat alcohol technically pure 20 + + + + + + +40 + O + + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Coconut oil technically pure 20 + O + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O O + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Compressed air containing oil 20 O + O +40 + +60 +80

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


40

Cooking salt see Sodium chloride

Copper salts “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + O + + + + +60 O + + – + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Corn oil technically pure 20 O O + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Cresol HO–C6H4–CH3 “cold saturated,” 1.0341 20 O – + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + + +80 O + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


41

Crotonic aldehyde CH3–CH=CH–CHO 102 technically pure 0.8520 20 – – + + + + + + +40 O + + +60 – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Cyclohexane C6H12 81 technically pure 0.78 20 – – + + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Cyclohexanol C6H11– OH 161 technically pure 0.96 20 + – + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + O O + + + +80 O + + +

100 – + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


42

Cyclohexanone C6H10 O 155 technically pureIII 0.95204 20 – – + + + + + + +

40 O O O + + + +60 O O – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Densodrin W 20 + +40 +60 +80

100120150

Detergents for usual 20 + O + + +(washing powder) washing lathers 40 + + + +

60 O + + +80 + +

100 +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


43

Dextrine usual 1.04 20 + + + + + + + + +(starch gum) commercial 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Dextrose see Glucose

Dibutyl ether C4H9OC4H9 142 technically pure 0.77204 20 – – O O + + +

40 + + +60 – – + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dibutyl phthalate C6H4(COOC4H9)2 340 technically pure 1.05204 20 – – + + + + + +

40 O O + + + +60 O O O + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


44

150 + +

Dibutyl sebacate C8H16(COOC4H9)2 344 technically pure 0.9420 20 – – + + + + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dichloroacetic acid Cl2CHCOOH 194 technically pure 1.56204 20 + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + +60 O O O + + + + +80 + + +

100 O + +120 + +150 + +

“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + +

100 O + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


45

Dichloroacetic acid methyl ester Cl2CHCOOCH3 143 technically pure 1.38 20 – – + + O + + +40 + + + + +60 + + – + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 180 technically pure 1.31204 20 – – O O + + + + +

40 + – + + +60 + + + +80 O + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dichloroethane see Ethylene chloride

Dichloroethylene ClCH=CH.Cl 60 technically pure 1.25 20 – – – O + + + + +40 + + + + +60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


46

Diesel oil 20 + + O + + + +40 + + + + +60 O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Diethylamine (C2H5)2NH 56 technically pure 0.71204 20 O – + + + + +

40 O + + +60 – + + +80

100120150

Diglycolic acid HOOC–CH2–O–CH2–COOH 148* “30%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + O + + +60 O + + O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


47

Di-isobutyl ketone (CH3)2CH–CH2–CO–CH2–CH124 technically pure 0.88 20 – + + + + + + +40 + + + + +60 – – O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Dimethyl formamide HCON(CH3)2 153 technically pure 0.94254 20 – – + + – + + +

(methyl pyrolidene) 40 + + + + +60 O + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH 7 technically pure 0.6804 20 O – + + O + + +

40 – + + +60 O + +80

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


48

Dinonyl phthalate C6H4(COOC9H19)2 220 technically pure 20 – O + + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Dioctyl phthalate C6H4(COOC8H13)2 231 technically pure 20 – O + + + +40 + + +60 O + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

“1,4 Dioxane” OCH2CH2OCH2CH2 101 technically pure 1.03204 20 – + O – + + + +

40 + O + + + +60 + O + + +80 – + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


49

Drinking water see Water

Ethyl acetate CH3COOCH2–CH3 77 technically pure 0.90204 20 – – + + O + + + +

40 O O – + + + +60 O O O + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Ethyl alcohol CH3–CH2–OH 78 “technically pure,” 0.79204 20 + + + + + + + +

96% 40 + + + O + + + +60 O + + – + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Ethyl alcohol + acetic acid 20 + + + +40 + + +

(fermentation mixture) 60 O + +80 O

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


50

Ethyl benzene C6H5C2H5 136 technically pure 0.87204 20 – – O + + +

40 + +60 – + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Ethyl chloride CH3–CH2Cl 12 technically pure 0.9204 20 – – O O + + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Ethyl ether CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3 35 technically pure 0.74204 20 – – O + + + + +

40 + + +60 + +80 + +

120 + +150 + +

+ +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


51

Ethylene chloride ClCH2–CH2Cl 83 technically pure 1.25204 20 – – O O + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + + +120 – + + +150 + + +

Ethylene diamine H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 117 technically pure 0.90204 20 O – + + O + + +

40 + O + + +60 + – + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Ethylene glycol HO–CH2–CH2–OH 198 technically pure 1.12204 20 + O + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


52

Ethylene oxide CH2–CH2 10 “technically pure,” 0.9204 20 – – – O + + + + +

\ / liquid 40 + + + + + O 60 + + + + +

80 O + + + +100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Fatty acids >C6 R–COOH technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + O + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Fatty alcohol sulphonates aqueous 20 + + + +40 + + + +60 O + O +80 +

100 +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


53

Fertilizer salts aqueous 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Fluorine F2 technically pure 1.11 20 – – – – – + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Fluosilicic acid H2SiF6 “32%, aqueous” 1.46 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 O + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


54

Formaldehyde HCHO “40%, aqueous” 0.82-204 20 + – + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + +60 + + O + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Formamide HCONH2 210 technically pure 1.13204 20 – + +

40 + +60 + +80

100120150

Formic acid HCOOH 101 “up to 50%,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + O + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 <25% + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


55

Formic acid (contined) technically pure 1.22204 20 + + + + + + + +

40 O + O + + + + +60 – + – + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 – + + +150 + +

Freon 113 “see 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane”Frigen12 CF2Cl2 -30 technically pure 1.49-30 20 + O – – O +

40 +60 +80 +

100 +120150

Fruit juices 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


56

Fruit pulp 20 + + + + + +40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +

Fuel oil 20 + O O + + + + +40 O – – + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Furfuryl alcohol C4H3CH2OH 171 technically pure 1.13204 20 – + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 + O O + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


57

Gelatine “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +

Glucose C6H12O6 148* “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150

Glycerine HO–CH2–CH(OH)–CH2OH290 technically pure 1.2620 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


58

Glycerine (conti.) “all, aqueous” 20 + + + +40 + + + +60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 +150

Glycocoll NH2–CH2–COOH 233* “10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Glycol see Ethylene glycol

Glycolic acid CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH 80* “37%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


59

Heptane C7H16 98 technically pure 0.68204 20 + + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 O O + + + + +80 – + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Hexane C6H14 69 technically pure 0.66204 20 + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 O O + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Hydrazine hydrate H2N–NH2 - H2O 113 aqueous 20 + – + + – + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


60

Hydrobromic acid HBr 124 “aqueous, 50%” 1.5 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Hydrochloric acid HCl “5%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +“(see note on joining,” 40 + + + + + + + + +page 38) 60 O + + + + + + + +

80 + O + + + + +100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + O + + + + +80 + O + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


61

Hydrochloric acid (continued) “up to 30%,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + O + + + + +

60 O + + O + + + + +80 + – + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

“36%, aqueous” 1.19 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + O + + + + +60 O + + – + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Hydrocyanic acid HCN 26 technically pure 0.90 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


62

Hydrofluoric acid HF “up to 40%,” 20 + + + + + + + +“(see note on joining,” aqueous 40 O + + + + + + +page 38) 60 O O + + + + + +

80 + + + +100 + + + +120 + + +150

“50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

“70%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + +60 O + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


63

Hydrogen H2 –253 technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + +

100 – + +120 +150 +

Hydrogen chloride HCl –85 “technically pure,” 1.5320 20 + + + + + + +gaseous gr/L 40 + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 “10%, aqueous” 1.460 20 + + + + O + + + +40 + + + + – + + + +60 O + + – + + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


64

Hydrogen peroxide (continued) “30%, aqueous” 20 + + + + – + + + +40 + + + + – + + + +60 + O – + + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

“90%, aqueous” 20 + – – + + + +40 + + +60 – + + +80 + +

100 + +120150

Hydrogen sulphide H2S technically pure 1.54 20 + + + + + + + + +g/L0 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + O + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


65

Hydrogen sulphide (continued) “saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Hydroxylamine sulphate (H2N - OH)2H2SO4 “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + +40 + + + + +60 + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Hyposulphite see Sodium dithionite

Iodine solution J2 6.5% iodine 20 – + + + + + + +in ethanol 40 + + + + +

60 O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


66

Iron salts “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Iso-octane (CH3)3–C–CH2–CH–(CH3)2 99 technically pure 0.69204 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2 - CH - OH 82 technically pure 0.79204 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + O + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


67

Isopropyl ether (CH3)2 · CH–O–CH–(CH3)2 68 technically pure 0.72 20 – O O + + + +40 + + + +60 – – + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150

Lactic acid CH3CHOHCOOH “10%, aqueous” 1.24154 20 + + + + + + + + +

40 O + + + + + + + +60 – + + O + + + +80 + O + + +

100 + – + + +120 + + +150 + +

Lanolin technically pure 20 + + + + + + +40 O + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


68

Linseed oil technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Liqueurs 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120150

Lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)2 “aqueous,” 20 + + + + + + + + +saturated 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


69

Lubricating oils 20 + + + O + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + O + + + + +80 – + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Lubricating oils 20 + + + + + + + +free of aromatic 40 + + + + + + + +compounds 60 + O O + + + + +

80 + + + + +100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Magnesium salts Mg Cl2 “all, aqueous” 2.3 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


70

Maleic acid CH–COOH 131* “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

CH–COOH 60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

Marmelade 20 + + + + + + +40 O + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150

Mercury Hg pure 13.525 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


71

Mercury salts “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

Methane CH4 –161 technically pure 0.72 20 + + + + + + + +(natural gas) g/L 40 + + + + +

60 + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150

Methanol CH3OH 100 all 0.79204 20 + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + O + + +60 O + + + – + +80 + + +

100 + +120 <10% + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


72

Methyl acetate CH3COOCH3 56 technically pure 0.93204 20 – + + + + + +

40 + O + + +60 O + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Methyl amine CH3NH2 –6 “32%, aqueous” 0.70-114 20 O + + O + +

40 + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120150

Methyl bromide CH3Br 4 technically pure 1.7300 20 – O – + + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


73

Methyl chloride CH3Cl –24 technically pure 0.9220 20 – – O – + + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Methylene chloride CH2Cl2 40 technically pure 1.33204 20 – – O O + + + + +

40 O – + + +60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Methyl ethyl ketone CH3COC2H5 80 technically pure 0.82 20 – – + + – + + + +40 O O + + + +60 – O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


74

Milk 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150

Mineral water 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 +150

Mixed acids“(sulphuric,” H2SO4 48% 1.8320 20 + – – +“nitric,” HNO3 49% 1.550 40 Owater) H2O 3% 60 –

80100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


75

Mixed acids H2SO4 50% 20 O – – + +(continued) HNO3 50% 40 – +

H2O 0% 60 +80 +

100 +120150

H2SO4 10% 20 O – – OHNO3 87% 40H2O 3% 60

80100120150

H2SO4 50% 20 + – – +HNO3 31% 40H2O 19% 60

80100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


76

Mixed acids H2SO4 50% 20 + – – +(continued) HNO3 33% 40 O

H2O 17% 6080

100120150

H2SO4 10% 20 + O – +HNO3 20% 40 + +H2O 70% 60 +

80 +100120150

Mixed acids“(nitric,” 15% pure HNO3 3 parts 1.550 20 O O – +“hydrofluoric,” 5% pure HF 1 part 0.920 40 +sulphuric) 18% pure H2SO4 2 parts 1.8320 60 +

80100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


77

Mixed acids“(sulphuric,” H2SO4 30% 1.8320 20 + + + +“phosphoric,” H3PO4 60% 1.8725 40 + O O +water) H2O 10% 60 +

80 +100120150

Molasses 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

Molasses wort 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


78

Monochloroacetic ClCH2COOC2H5 144 technically pure 20 O + + Oacid ethyl ester 40 + + –

60 + +80

100120150

Monochloroacetic ClCH2COOCH3 130 technically pure 20 O + + +acid methyl ester 40 + + O

60 + +80

100120150

Morpholin C4H8ONH 129 technically pure 1.0204 20 – + + + + + +

40 + + + + + +60 + + O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


79

Mowilith D usual 20 + + + +commercial 40

6080

100120150

Naphthalene C10H6 218 technically pureI 1.16202 20 – – + + + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Nickel salts “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


80

Nitric acid HNO3 “6.3%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +“(see note on joining,” 40 + + + + + + +page 38) 60 + + + O + + + +

80 + + + + +100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

“up to 40%,” 20 + + O O + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + +

60 O – – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

“65%, aqueous” 20 O + O – + + + + +40 O + – + + + +60 – – + + +80 O + +

100 – + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


81

Nitric acid 100% 1.550 20 – – – O + +(continued) 40 – + +

60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Nitric oxide see Nitrous gases

Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 209 technically pure 1.21154 20 – – + + + + + + +

40 + + O + + + +60 O + – – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Nitrotoluene (3-) C6H4CH3NO2 222– technically pure 1.16204 20 – + + + + + +

“(o-, m-, p-)” 238 40 + + + + + +60 O O + O + +80 + + +

100 O + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


82

Nitrous gases NOx “diluted, moist,” 20 + + + + + + +anhydrous 40 + O + + + +

60 O + – + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

Oleic acid C17H33COOH 16* technically pure 0.8579 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + O O + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

Oleum H2SO4+SO3 10% SO3 1.8320 20 – – – – – + + + +2.72 40 – + + +.g/L20 60 + +

80 + +100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


83

Oleum vapours traces 20 + – – – + + +40 – + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Olive oil 20 + O + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + O + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Oxalic acid (COOH)2 “cold saturated, ”1.90174 20 + + + + + + + +

aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + O – + +80 O + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


84

Oxygen O2 technically pure 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + O O + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 O + + + +120 O + + +150 + + +

Ozone O3 “cold saturated,” 20 + O O + + +(for ultra high aqueous 40 + – – + + +purity applications 60 + + +contact factory) 80 O + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Palmitic acid C15H31COOH 390 technically pure 0.85624 20 + O O + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 – + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


85

“Palm oil, palm nut oil” 20 + O + + + + + +40 – + + + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Parafin emulsions usual 20 + + + + + + + +“commercial,” 40 + + + + + + + +aqueous 60 O O + + + +

80 O + + + +100 + + + +120 + +150

Paraffin oil 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 O + O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


86

Perchloric acid HClO4 “10%, aqueous” 1.67 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + O + + +80 – + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

%, aqueous” 20 O + O + + + + +40 O – + + + +60 – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

Perchloroethylene Cl2C=CCl2 121 technically pure 1.62204 20 – O O + + + + +

(tetrachloroethylene) 40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 O + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


87

Petroleum technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +40 + O + + + + +60 O O + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Petroleum ether 40– technically pure 0.64 20 + + + + + + + +70 40 + O + + + + + +

60 + O O + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + +150 + +

Petroleum jelly technically pure 20 O O + +40 – +60 – O +80 +

100 +120 +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


88

Phenol C6H5OH 182 “up to 10%,” 1.06414 20 + + + + + + + +

aqueous 40 O + + + + + + +60 O + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

“up to 90%,” 20 O + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + +

60 O + O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Phenylhydrazine C6H5NH–NH2 243 technically pure 1.10204 20 – – O O + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


89

Phenylhydrazine C6H5NH–NH3+Cl– aqueous 20 O + + + + +hydrochloride 40 O + + + +

60 O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120150

Phosgene COCl2 8 “liquid,” 1.39 20 – O + + + +technically pure 40 + + +

60

“gaseous,” 20 + O O + + + + +technically pure 40 O + + + +

60 O

Phosphoric acid H3PO4 “up to 30%,” 1.7 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


90

Phosphoric acid “50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +(continued) 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 O + +

“85%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + O + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + + +150 O + +

Phosphorous chlorides: phosphorous PCl3 75 technically pure 1.57 20 – – + + – + + + trichloride 40 + + + phosphorous PCl5 162 60 O O + + + pentachloride 80 + + + phosphorous POCl3 105 100 + + + oxychloride 120

150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


91

Phosphorous pentoxide P2O5 technically pure 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120150

Photographic emulsion 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + +80

100120150

Photographic developer usual 20 + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + +

60 O O + + +80

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


92

Photographic fixer usual 20 + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + +

60 O + + +80

100120150

Phthalic acid C6H4(COOH)2 208* “satura 1.59204 20 + + + + + + + +

aqueous” 40 O + + + + + + +60 – + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Picric acid C6H2(NO2)3OH 122* “1%, aqueous” 1.77204 20 + – + + + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


93

Plating Solutions Brass 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +

Plating Solutions Cadmium 20 + + + – + +(continued) 40 + + + + +

60 + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 +

Chrome 20 + + + – + +40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


94

Plating Solutions Copper 20 + + + + + +(continued) 40 + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + +120 +

Gold 20 + + + – + +40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +

Potash K2CO3 “cold saturated,” 2.4 20 + + + + + + + + +(potassium carbonate) aqueous 40 + + + + O + + + +

60 + + O + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


95

Potassium/aluminium Al2(SO4)3K2SO4 106 “50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +sulphates (alum) 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Potassium bichromate K2Cr2O7 107 “saturated,” 2.7 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Potassium borate K3BO3 “10%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + O + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


96

Potassium bromate K BrO3 “cold saturated,” 3.2717 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + O + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Potassium bromide K Br “all, aqueous” 2.75 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Potassium carbonate see Potash

Potassium chlorate K ClO3 “cold saturated,” 2.3320 20 + + + + O + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + – + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


97

Potassium chloride KCl “all, aqueous” 1.99 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Potassium chromate K2CrO4 “cold saturated,” 2.7320 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Potassium cyanide KCN “cold saturated,” 1.5216 20 + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + O + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


98

Potassium hydroxide see Caustic potash solution

Potassium iodide KI “cold saturated ,” 3.12 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Potassium nitrate KNO3 “50%, aqueous” 2.1 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Potassium perchlorate KClO4 “cold saturated, ” 2.5 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


99

Potassium permanganate KMnO4 aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +“cold saturated,” 2.7 20 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + O + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Potassium persulphate K2S2O8 “all, aqueous” `2.5 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 – + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Potassium phosphates KH2PO4 and K2H PO4 “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


100

Potassium sulphate K2SO4 “all, aqueous” 2.7 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Propane C3H8 –42 “technically pure,” 20 + + + + + + + +liquid 40 + + + + +

60 +80

100120150

C3H8 “technically pure,” 20 + + + + + + + +gaseous 40 + + + + +

60 + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


101

“Propanol, n - and iso-” C3H7OH 97 technically pure 0.80204 20 + O + + + + + +

and 0.79204 40 O + + + + + +

82 60 O + + + + + +resp. 80 O + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Propargyl alcohol CH:CCH2–OH 114 “7%, aqueous” 0.97204 20 + O + + + + + +

40 + + + O + + +60 + + + O + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Propionic acid CH3CH2COOH 141 “50%, aqueous” 20 + O + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


102

Propionic acid technically pure 0.99264 20 + O + + + + + + +

(continued) 40 O O O + + + + +60 O O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Propylene glycol CH3CHOHCH2OH 188 technically pure 1.04204 20 + + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 <25% + + +150 + +

Propylene oxide CH2–CH–CH3 35 technically pure 0.8604 20 O – + + + + + + +

40 O + + + + O 60 + + +

80 + +100 + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


103

Prussic acid see Hydrocyanic acid

Pyridine N(CH)4 115 technically pure 0.98254 20 – – + O + - + + +

40 O O – - + + +CH 60 O O + + +

80 + +100 + +120 + +150 + +

Ramasit fabric water-proofing agents usual 20 + +commercial 40 + +

60 + +80

100120150

Salpetre see Potassium nitrate

Silico fluoric acid see Fluosilicic acic

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


104

Silicone oil 20 + + + + + + +40 O + + + + +60 – + + + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Silver salts “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Soap solution “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + +40 + + + + +60 O + + + +80 + +

100 +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


105

Soda see Sodium carbonate

Sodium acetate CH3COONa “all, aqueous” 1.53 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + O + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium benzoate C6H5COONa “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + +

60 O + + + + +80 + + +

100 O +120 +150 +

Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 “cold saturated,” 2.2 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + O + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


106

Sodium bisulphate NaHSO4 “10%, aqueous” 2.4 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Sodium bisulphite NaHSO3 “all, aqueous” 1.5 20 + + + + + + + + +40 O + + + + + + + +60 – + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium bromate NaBrO3 “all, aqueous” 3.34 20 + + + + + + + +40 O O O + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


107

Sodium bromide NaBr “all, aqueous” 3.2 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 “cold saturated,” 1.55 20 + + + + + + + + +(soda) aqueous 40 + + + + O + + + +

60 + + + + O + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium chlorate NaClO3 “all, aqueous” 2.5 20 + + + + O + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


108

Sodium chloride NaCl “all, aqueous” 2.2 20 + + + + + + + + +(cooking salt) 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + + +150 + + +

Sodium chlorite NaClO2 “diluted, aqueous” 2.47 20 O + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + O + + + +80 + + + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium chromate Na2CrO4 “diluted,” 2.72 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


109

Sodium disulphite Na2S2O5 “all, aqueous” 20 + + + +40 + +60 O +80 +

100 +120150

Sodium dithionite Na2S2O4 “up to 10%,” 20 + + + + + + + +(hyposulphite) aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium fluoride NaF “cold saturated,” 2.78 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


110

Sodium hydroxide see Caustic soda solution

Sodium hypochlorite Na OCl 12.5% active 20 + + O O O + + + +“chlorine,” 40 + + – – + + + +aqueous 60 O + + + + +

80 + + + +100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium iodide Na I “all, aqueous” 3.67254 20 + + + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 O + O + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


111

Sodium nitrate NaNO3 “cold saturated,” 2.26 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Sodium nitrite NaNO2 “cold saturated,” 2.17020 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Sodium oxalate Na2C2O4 “cold saturated,” 2.2720 + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + +

60 O O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


112

Sodium persulphate Na2S2O8 “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Sodium phosphate Na3PO4 “cold saturated,” 2.5418 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + O + + + +

100 + – + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium silicate Na2SiO3 “all, aqueous” 2.61 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + O + + + +80 + – + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


113

Sodium sulphate Na2 SO4 “cold saturated,” 2.66 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Sodium sulphide Na2S “cold saturated,” 1.86144 20 + + + + O + + + +

aqueous 40 + + + + O + + + +60 O + + + O + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Sodium sulphite Na2SO3 “cold saturated,” 2.63154 20 + + + + + + + + +

aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


114

Sodium thiosulphate Na2S2O3 “cold saturated,” 2.35 20 + + + + + + + + +aquoeus 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150 + + +

Spindle oil 20 O O + + + + +40 O + + + +60 O – + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Spinning bath acids 100 mg CS2/I 20 + + + +containing carbon 40 + +disulphide 60

80100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


115

Spinning bath acids 200 mg CS2/I 20 + + +containing carbon 40 O +disulphide 60(continued) 80

100120150

700 mg CS2/I 20 + + +40 – +6080

100120150

Spirits usual 20 + + + + + + +– Brandy commercial 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


116

Stannous chloride SnCl2 “cold saturated,” 20 + + + + + +aqueous 40 O + + + + +

60 O + + + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 +150 +

Starch solution “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

Starch syrup usual 20 + + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


117

Stearic acid C17H35COOH 69* technically pure 0.8470 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + O O + + + + +80 – + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Succinic acid HOOC–CH2–CH2–COOH 185* “aqueous, all” 1.55 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Sugar syrup usual 20 + + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


118

Sulfur S 119 *technically pure 1.92 20 O + + + + + + + +40 – + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 – + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

Sulfur dioxide SO2 –10 “technically pure,” 2.72 20 + + + O + + + +anhydrous .g/L20 40 + + + O + + + +

60 + + + – O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

“all, moist” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + O + + + +60 O + + – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


119

Sulfur dioxide “technically pure,” 20 – – – – + + + +(continued) liquid 40 + + + +

60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Sulfur trioxide SO3 moist 1.9220 20 – – – O + + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Sulfuric acid H2SO4 “up to 40%,” 1.84 20 + + + + + + + + +“(see note on joining,” aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +page 2.2) 60 O + + + + + + + +

80 + + + + + +100 + + + + +120 + O + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


120

Sulfuric acid (conti.) “up to 60%,” 20 + + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + O + +150 + +

“up to 80%,” 20 + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + O O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 O O +150 +

“90%, aqueous” 20 + + O O + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + +

100 O + +120 O +150 +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


121

Sulfuric acid (conti.) “96%, aqueous” 20 + + – – + + + +40 + + O + + +60 O + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

97% 20 + O40 + –6080

100120150

98% 1.84 20 + – + + + +40 + + + + +60 – + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


122

Sulfurous acid H2SO3 “saturated,” 1.03 20 + + + + + + + +aqueous 40 + + + + + + + +

60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + +150 + +

Sulfuryl chloride SO2Cl2 69 technically pure 1.87 20 – – – O + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150

Tallow technically pure 0.86 20 + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 +

100 +120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


123

Tannic acid C14H10O9 “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + +150 + +

Tanning extracts from usual 20 + + + + + +plants 40 + + +

60 + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Tartaric acid H00C(CHOH)2COOH 170* “all, aqueous” 1.76 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 – + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


124

Tetrachloroethane Cl2CH–CHCl2 146 technically pure 1.59254 20 – O O + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 O + +

100 – + +120 + +150 + +

Tetrachloroethylene see Perchloroethylene

Tetraethyl lead (CH3CH2)4Pb technically pure 1.65204 20 + + + + + + + +

40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

Tetrahydrofurane C4H8O 66 technically pure 0.89204 20 – – O – O + + + +

40 O + + +60 O + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


125

Tetrahydronaphthalene C10H12 207 technically pure 0.97204 20 – O – + + + +

(teralin) 40 + + +60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Thionyl chloride SOCl2 79 technically pure 1.64204 20 – – – – O + + +

40 – + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150

Tin dichloride see Stannous chloride

Toluene C6H5CH3 111 technically pure 0.87204 20 – – O O + + + + +

40 – + + + + +60 – O + + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


126

Tributylphosphate (C4H9)3PO4 289 technically pure 0.93204 20 – – + + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 + + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Trichlorethylene Cl2C = CHCl 87 technically pure 1.46204 20 – – – O + + + + +

40 + + + + +60 + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Trichloroacetic acid Cl3C–COOH 196 technically pure 1.63614 20 O + + O + + +

40 O + + + +60 – + – + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


127

Trichloroacetic acid “50%, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +(continued) 40 O + + + + + +

60 + + O – + +80 – + +

+ +120 + +150 + +

Trichloroethane Cl3–C–CH3 74 technically pure 1.3420 20 – O O + + + +(methylchloroform) 40 + + + +

60 + + + +80 O + +

100 – + +120 + +150 +

+Trichloromethane see Chloroform

“1,1,2-Trichloro-” FCl2C–CClF2 47 technically pure 1.5625 20 + + + + +“1,2,2,-Trifluoroethane” 40 + + + +(Freon 113) 60 + +

80 + +100 + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


128

Tricresyl phosphate (CH3C6H4O)3PO4 technically pure 1.14 20 – + + + + +40 + + + +60 + O + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Triethanolamine N(CH2–CH2–OH)3 21* technically pure 1.12204 20 O + + + + +

40 + + +60 + + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Triethylamine N(CH2–CH3)3 89 technically pure 0.73254 20 O + + +

40 – + + +60 + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


129

Trioctyl phosphate (C8H17)3PO4 technically pure 0.92 20 – O + + + +40 + + +60 + +80 + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Turpentine oil technically pure 0.9 20 + – O – + +40 O O +60 O +80 +

100 +120 +150

Urea H2N–CO–NH2 133* “up to 30%,” 1.3184 20 + + + + + + +

aqueous 40 + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 O + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


130

Urine 20 + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Vegetable oils and fats 20 + O + + +40 O O + +60 O +80 +

100 +120150

Vinegar usual 20 + + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


131

Vinyl acetate CH2 = CHOOCCH3 73 technically pure 0.93204 20 – – + O + + + +

40 – + + + +60 O + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Vinyl chloride CH2 = CHCl –14 technically pure 0.97-14 20 – + + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80 + + +

100 + +120 + +150 + +

Viscose spinning solution 20 + + + +40 + + + +60 + + + +80

100120150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


132

20 + + + + + + +Waste gases 40 + + + O + + +– Alkaline 60 + + + – + +

80 + + +100 + +120 + +150 + +

Waste gases all 20 + + + + + + +containing 40 + + + + + +– Carbon oxides 60 + + + + + +

80 + + + +100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Waste gasescontaining– Hydrochloric acid all 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 O + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


133

Waste Gases– Hydrogen fluoride traces 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + +80 +

100 +120150

Waste Gases– Nitrous gases traces 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 + + O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Waste Gases traces 40 + + + + + + +– Sulphur dioxide 60 + + + + + +

20 + + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


134

Waste Gases– Sulphur trioxide traces 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 + + O + + + +80 O + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Waste Gases– Sulphuric acid all 20 + + + + + + +

40 + + + + + + +60 + + O + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

“Water, condensed” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


135

“Water distilled,” H2O 100 20 + + + + + + + + +deionized 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“Water, drinking” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 + + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + + +120 + + + +150 + + +

“Water, waste water” 20 + + + + + + + + +without organic solvent 40 + + + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


136

Wax alcohol C31H63OH technically pure 20 + O O + + + +40 + + + + +60 + – – + + + +80 + + +

100 + + +120 + +150 + +

Wetting agents “up to 5%,” 20 + O + + +aqueous 40 + + +

60 O + +80 +

100120150

“Wines, red and white” usual 20 + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + +

60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


137

Wine vinegar usual 20 + + + + + + +commercial 40 + + + + + + +

60 + + + + + + +80 + + + + +

100 + + + +120 + +150 + +

Xylene C6H4(H3)2 138– technically pure 0.88204 20 – – – + + + + +

144 40 + + + + +60 O + + + +80 – + + +

100 + + +120 + + +150 + +

Yeast “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + +60 + + + + + +80 + + + +

100 + + +120 + +150

PFAPVC

Boiling point 0C

Temperature 0C

Density @100%


FEPETFE


138

Zinc salts “all, aqueous” 20 + + + + + + + + +40 + + + + + + + + +60 O + + + + + + + +80 + + + + + +

100 + + + + +120 + + + +150 + +

End of Chapter

139

Chemical Index

Chemical IndexA

Acetaldehyde 6Acetic acid 6, 7Acetic acid anhydride 7Acetic ether 8Acetone 8acid ethyl ester 78acid methyl ester 78Acrylic ester 8Acrylonitrile 9Adipic acid 9Alcoholic spirits 9Allyl alcohol 10Alum 10alum 95Aluminium chloride 10Aluminium sulphate 11Ammonia 11Ammonium acetate 12Ammonium carbonate 12Ammonium chloride 12, 13Ammonium hydrogen fluoride 13Ammonium hydrogen fluoride NH4HF2 13Ammonium hydroxide 13Ammonium nitrate 14Ammonium phosphate 14Ammonium sulphate 15Ammonium sulphide 15Amyl acetate 16Amyl alcohol 16Aniline 16Aniline hydrochloride 17

Anon 17Antimony trichloride 17Aqua regia 17Arsenic acid 18, 19

B

Barium hydroxide 18, 19Barium salts 18, 19Battery acid 20Beef tallow emulsion sulphonated 20Beef tallow emulsion,”sulphonated 20Beer 20Benzaldehyde 20Benzene 21Benzine 21Benzoic acid 21Benzyl alcohol 22Bleaching lye 22Borax 22Boric acid 23Brandy 115Brine, sea water 23Bromine, liquid 23Bromine, vapour 24Bromine, vapours 24Bromine water 24Butadiene 24Butane 25Butanediol 25Butanol 25Butyl acetate 26Butyl phenol 26Butylene glycol 26Butylene liquid 27Butyric acid 27

C

Calcium bisulfite 27Calcium chloride 28Calcium hydroxide 28Calcium hypochlorite 28Calcium nitrate 29Carbon dioxide 29Carbon disulphide 30Carbon tetrachloride 30, 31Carbonic acid 29Caustic potash solution 30Caustic soda solution 31Chloral hydrate 32Chlorethanol 32Chloric acid 32, 33Chlorine 33, 34Chlorine water 34Chloroacetic acid 34, 35Chloroacetic acid, 35Chlorobenzene 35Chloroform 35Chloromethane 35Chlorosulphonic acid 36Chrome alum 36Chromic acid 36, 37Chromic acid + Sulfuric +H2O 37chromium potassium sulphate 36Cider 37Citric acid 38Clophenes 38Coal gas, benzene free 38Coconut fat alcohol 39Coconut oil 39Compressed air containing oil 39Cooking salt 40cooking salt 108

ABC

DEFGHILM

NOPRS

TUVWXYZ

140

Chemical Index

Copper salts 40Corn oil 40Cresol 40Crotonic aldehyde 41Cyclohexane 41Cyclohexanol 41Cyclohexanone 42

D

Densodrin W 42Detergents 42Dextrine 43Dextrose 43Di-isobutyl ketone 47Dibutyl ether 43Dibutyl phthalate 43Dibutyl sebacate 44Dichloroacetic acid 44Dichloroacetic acid methyl ester 45Dichlorobenzene 45Dichloroethane 45Dichloroethylene 45Diesel oil 46Diethylamine 46Diglycolic acid 46Dimethyl formamide 47Dimethylamine 47Dinonyl phthalate 48Dioctyl phthalate 48Drinking water 49

E

Ethyl acetate 49Ethyl alcohol 49Ethyl alcohol + acetic acid 49Ethyl benzene 50Ethyl chloride 50

Ethyl ether 50Ethylene chloride 51Ethylene diamine 51Ethylene glycol 51Ethylene oxide 52

F

Fatty acids >C6 52Fatty alcohol sulphonates 52fermentation mixture 49Fertilizer salts 53Fluorine 53Fluosilicic acid 53Formaldehyde 54Formamide 54Formic acid 54, 55Freon 113 55, 127Frigen12 55Fruit juice 55Fruit juices 55Fruit pulp 56Fuel oil 56Furfuryl alcohol 56

G

Gelatine 57Gin 9Glucose 57Glycerine 57, 58Glycocol 58Glycocoll 58Glycol 58Glycolic acid 58

H

Heptane 59Hexane 59

Hydrazine hydrate 59Hydrobromic acid 60Hydrochloric acid 60, 61Hydrocyanic acid 61Hydrofluoric acid 62Hydrogen 63Hydrogen chloride 63Hydrogen peroxide 63, 64Hydrogen sulphide 64, 65Hydroxylamine sulphate 65Hyposulphite 65hyposulphite 109

I

Iodine solution 65Iron salts 66Iso-octane 66Isopropyl alcohol 66Isopropyl ether 67

L

Lactic acid 67Lanolin 67Lead acetate 68leum vapours 83Linseed oil 68Liqueurs 68Lubricating oils 69

M

Magnesium salts 69Maleic acid 70Marmelade 70Mercury 70Mercury salts 71

ABC

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TUVWXYZ

141

Chemical Index

Methane 71Methanol 71Methyl acetate 72Methyl amine 72Methyl bromide 72Methyl chloride 73Methyl ethyl ketone 73methyl pyrolidene 47methylchloroform 127Methylene chloride 73Milk 74Mineral water 74Mixed acids 74, 75, 76, 77Molasses 77Molasses wort 77Monochloroacetic 78Monochloroacetic acid ethyl ester 78Monochloroacetic acid methyl estere 78Morpholin 78Mowilith D 79

N

Naphthalene 79natural gas 71Nickel salts 79Nitric acid 80, 81Nitric oxide 81Nitrobenzene 81Nitrotoluene (3-) 81Nitrous gases 82

O

Oleic acid 82Oleum 82Oleum vapours 83Olive oil 83

Oxalic acid 83Oxygen 84Ozone 84

P

Palm oil, palm nut oil 85Palmitic acid 84Paraffin oil 85Parafin emulsions 85Perchloric acid 86Perchloroethylene 86Petroleum 87Petroleum ether 87Petroleum jelly 87Phenol 88Phenylhydrazine 88, 89Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride 89Phosgene 89Phosphoric acid 89, 90Phosphorous chlorides: 90Phosphorous pentoxide 91Photographic developer 91Photographic emulsion 91Photographic fixer 92Phthalic acid 92Picric acid 92Plating Solutions 93, 94Potash 94Potassium bichromate 95Potassium borate 95Potassium bromate 96Potassium bromide 96Potassium carbonate 96potassium carbonate 94Potassium chlorate 96Potassium chloride 97Potassium chromate 97

Potassium cyanide 97Potassium hydroxide 98potassium hydroxide 30Potassium iodide 98Potassium nitrate 98Potassium perchlorate 98Potassium permanganate 99Potassium persulphate 99Potassium phosphates 99Potassium sulphate 100Potassium/aluminium sulphates 95Propane 100“Propanol, n - and iso-” 101Propargyl alcohol 101Propionic acid 101, 102Propylene glycol 102Propylene oxide 102Prussic acid 103Pyridine 103

R

Ramasit fabric water-proofing agent 103

S

Salpetre 103see Water 49Silico fluoric acid 103Silicone oil 104Silver salts 104Soap solution 104Soda 105soda 107Sodium acetate 105Sodium benzoate 105Sodium bicarbonate 105Sodium bisulphate 106

ABC

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TUVWXYZ

142

Chemical Index

Sodium bisulphite 106Sodium bromate 106Sodium bromide 107Sodium carbonate 107Sodium chlorate 107Sodium chloride 108Sodium chlorite 108Sodium chromate 108Sodium disulphite 109Sodium dithionite 109Sodium fluoride 109Sodium hydroxide 31, 110Sodium hypochlorite 110Sodium iodide 110Sodium nitrate 111Sodium nitrite 111Sodium oxalate 111Sodium persulphat 112Sodium phosphate 112Sodium silicate 112Sodium sulphate 113Sodium sulphide 113Sodium sulphite 113Sodium thiosulphate 114Spindle oil 114Spinning bath acids with Carbon disulphide 114Spinning bath acids with carbon disulphide 115Spirits 115Stannous chloride 116starch gum 43Starch solution 116Starch syrup 116Stearic acid 117Succinic acid 117Sugar syrup 117Sulfur 118Sulfur dioxide 118, 119

Sulfur trioxide 119Sulfuric acid 119, 120, 121Sulfurous acid 122Sulfuryl chloride 122

T

Tallow 122Tannic acid 123Tanning extracts 123Tartaric acid 123teralin 125Tetrachloroethane 124Tetrachloroethylene 124tetrachloroethylene 86Tetraethyl lead 124Tetrahydrofurane 124Tetrahydronaphthalene 125Thionyl chloride 125Tin dichloride 125Toluene 125Tributylphosphate 126Trichlorethylene 126Trichloroacetic acid 126, 127Trichloroethane 127Tricresyl phosphate 128Triethanolamine 128Triethylamine 128Trioctyl phosphate 129Turpentine oil 129

U

Urea 129Urine 130

V

Vegetable oils and fats 130

Vinegar 130Vinyl acetate 131Vinyl chlorid 131Vinyl chloride 131Viscose spinning 131Viscose spinning solution 131

W

washing powder 42Waste Gases - Hydrogen fluoridee 133Waste Gases - Nitrous gases 133Waste Gases - Sulphur dioxide 133Waste Gases - Sulphur trioxide 134Waste gases -Alkaline 132Waste Gases -Sulphuric acid 134Waste gases with Carbon oxides 132Waste gases with Hydrochloric Acid 132Water, condensed 134Water dionized 135Water distilled 135Water, drinking 135Water, waste water 135Wax alcohol 136Wetting agents 136Whiskey, 9Wine vinegar 137Wines, red and white 136

X

Xylene 137

Y

Yeast 137

Z

Zinc salts 138

ABC

DEFGHILM

NOPRS

TUVWXYZ

143

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resistencia quimica