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A look at the rebuilding process in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, and the lessons learned. Important considerations in rebuilding include plans for housing, economic development, neighborhood renewal, health and education, and enhanced public institutions and organizations. It's important to focus on creating a strategic framework for restoring communities, not just buildings. Focus in particular on young adults -- 18-24 -- because they are the future of the community.
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DAMAGE TO RENEWAL A HARD ROAD
LESSONS F
ROM NEW
ORLEANS
TO D
O AND N
OT TO
DO
3
IMPACT OF KATRINA
Worst disaster in U.S. history
Historic Mandatory Evacuation: first American city totally shut down
80% of City flooded; floodwaters remained 57 days
Virtually all 455,000 residents were dispersed to over 44 cities in the nation
32 million cubic yards of storm debris Equates to 10 Superdomes filled with debris
More than 57% of all major and severe damage reported in Louisiana was in Orleans Parish
$22.6 billion of property damage in New Orleans from flood and storm surge
Source: City Homeland Security, Insurance Information Institute
WHERE TO START?
CHALLENGE
Past is not Prologue
Tools
Real and Reliable Data
•Roles
•Government(s)
•Business
•Non Profits
Process
Community
Interest Groups
Press
LESSON 1: DEVELOP A LONG-TERM RENEWAL INSTITUTION WITH THESE COMPONENTS
Economic Development Housing & Community Facilities
Enhanced Public Institutions &
Community Organisation
MISSION1) Retool Local Gov’t for Long-Term Renewal ad
Development
2) Secure Funds and Financing
3) Develop Programs & Projects for Implementation
Neighborhood Renewal: Health & Education
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR URBAN RENEWAL
Partnership among all government agencies
Speak with one voice
Regional opportunities
Mix State and federal funding
Building local capacity
Making better not just repair
COMMUNITY RESTORATION AND NOT BUILDINGS
Not possible at this stage to have a safe building “if you don’t have a safe community to put it in” Geis (1994a)
OPERATIONAL GUIDES FOR CITIZEN ENGAGEMENTEquitable and speedy redevelopment
Restored vital and visible services
Efficient and effective government
Integrity and transparency in government
Stronger neighborhoods
Full and fair compensation for property owners in land assembly
LESSON 2: CREATE A STRATEGIC RENEWAL FRAMEWORK
Source: City Office of Recovery Management
(1) Establish a continuing consultation Process
Build a comprehensive program that• Engages and resources residents in the renewal process • Sustains community participation in shaping the future development of the City,
Parish and Region
(2) Improve safety and security in all communities
(3) Develop a more diverse and robust economy in the comunity
(4) Build an infrastructure for 21st and 22nd centuries
(5) Establish a smart and sustainable settlement pattern
Enhance emotional and social quality of life in the City for all residents in all locations by
• Reducing physical threats to personal security• Re-establishing basic human health and educational service
Develop a new, more diverse economic base focused on• National reach• Local Resources• Anchor infrastructure• Advanced information services
Use the recnewal process to design and develop leading-edge physical and social infrastructure
Make the comnity sustainable in jobs and housingy
Ensure residential and commercial rebuilding and resettlement that• Increases community physical land use security
- Meets the challenges of - Global climate change- Environmental justice
GET ORGANIZED AND STREAMLINED FOR DELIVERY
State orRegional
DevelopmentCorporation
Economic &EmploymentDevelopment
InfrastructureFinance and
FundingPrograms
Housing &Neighborhood
Services
HealthEducation
&Social
Services
•
Source: Office of the Mayor
RETOOLING GOVERNMENT: STREAMLINED PROCESS FOR DESIGNING & REBUILDING HUNDREDS OF PUBLIC ASSET & INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
CITYWIDE RECOVERY FRAMEWORK
Source: UNOP
• Citywide recovery strategies that:– Set criteria for renewal and sustainability– Bundle renewal programs and projects
Civics
Communities
Public Interest
Government Interest
Metropolitan StewardshipLocal Leadership
Civic Institutions
Collaborative Cross Government Capacity
CLIENTS
15
RENEWAL STRATEGY: UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET POPULATION
Region needs to retain 20- 34 year old population
NOTE: Concept only and for discussion purposesSource: City Office of Recovery Management
Every 1 mile of wetlands absorbs 1 foot of storm surgeEvery 1 mile of wetlands absorbs 1 foot of storm surge
At Work at Bayou Savage
ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION
Transporting Spartina plants enhances the natural barrier against flooding
Transporting Spartina plants enhances the natural barrier against flooding
DEVELOP PHASES & TIMELINES FOR RENEWAL PROCESS
Phase I - Revisioning
Creating organisation
Key focus areas – Land Use, Flood Protection, Public Transit, Culture, Education, Health Care, Economic Development & Governmental Effectiveness
Phase II – Neighborhood Renewal Planning
Funding from government and establishing key nodes with Target Neighborhoods as focus
Phase III—Implementation and New Organisaton in Place
Unified Renewal Plan approved by Government
Initial Funding
Source: City ORM
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MANTRA
Legible
Memorable
Visual
Measureable
TARGET DEVELOPMENT AREAS
Area
“A”
Area “B”
Area
“C”
Target Development Area
Area high potential to attract investment
High Visibility site
Strong Demonstration of Cluster Model
Sufficient land and other assets
Adequate Resources Present to Catalyze Development-schools, libraries etc.
Area with consistent development approach in various plans
Leverages other City Development opportunities
LEVERAGE PUBLIC DOLLARS WITH PRIVATE FINANCING TOOLS
Source: City Office of Recovery Management
FUNDS TO ACHIEVE RECOVERY GOALS
Funding Source Amount Budgeted
LRA – Obligated Recovery Funds (D-CDBG) $410,720,016*
Traditional CDBG Grants $42,925,126
UDAG Funds $16,562,252
HOME Investment Grants $16,340,133
FEMA (PA Funds) $11,236,931
EDF Grants $10,931,124
Other Governmental Grants $9,388,962
NHIF Grants $6,804,932
General Fund $4,484,794
BRAC Grants $460,258
Other Non-governmental Grants $75,000
TOTAL $529,854,528
$99,716,240 (Capital Funds)
$311,003,776 (Operating Funds)
*
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TIMELINE
LESSON 3: START WITH FUTURE AND NOT THE PAST
SCHOOLS AS JOINT USE FACILITIESPast not Prologue
Schools that are part of Community
RECOVERY TARGET AREAS
TARGET RECOVERY AREAS
TARGET AREA Definition Selection Criteria
Re-Build
This is an area that has experienced severe destruction of its physical structures and social networks. The area will require major rebuilding and significant public and private investment for its recovery. With investment, the area should have a high potential to attract investment and act as a catalyst for further redevelopment and recovery of the affected community.
High Visibility Site – Impact on RecoveryCommunity Support Consistent Development Approach in Various Plans Capacity to Effectively Demonstrate a “Cluster ModelAbility to Demonstrate Other Recovery Strategies including the Reduction of Future Flood Risks Feasibility - Some Resources Present for Catalytic Impact Geographic Distribution - Equity
Re-Develop
This is an area of major redevelopment where key recovery strategies can be demonstrated. Some recovery components and resources are already present. The area has a high potential for attracting investment and acting as a catalyst for further redevelopment and recovery of the affected community.
High Visibility Site - Impact on RecoveryCommunity Support Consistent Development Approach in Various Plans Capacity to Effectively Demonstrate a “Cluster ModelAbility to Demonstrate Other Recovery Strategies including the Reduction of Future Flood Risks Feasibility -Adequate Resources Present for Catalytic Impact Geographic Distribution - Equity
Re-New
This is an area or a specific project that requires relatively modest public intervention (resources and/or administrative action) that will add to the renewal and supplement work and investment of the private and non profit sector already vested in the area. By combining and leveraging multiple resources, these projects provide a great return on pubic investment.
High Visibility Project or Area – Impact on Recovery Project has a Strong Champion and Funding Support Consistent Development Approach in Various Plans Short Implementation TimeframeRelative Low CostCommunity Support Geographic Distribution - Equity
RE-BUILD TARGET AREA
RE-BUILD TARGET AREA
RE-DEVELOP TARGET AREA
RE-NEW TARGET AREAS-ST. ROCH & FERET STREET
RETOOLING GOVERNMENT: HOUSING OPPORTUNITY ZONES
The City of New Orleans has established “Housing Opportunity Zones” to strategically direct disaster-recovery resources for homeownership incentives, construction financing, and technical assistance.
In addition, the City is employing traditionally allocated housing funds towards three main policy goals:
1) Homebuyer Assistance: Funding for households to purchase homes and close financing gaps due to insufficient “Road Home” and insurance proceeds.
2) Owner Occupied & Rental Housing Rehabilitation: Funding for rehabilitation assistance to elderly or disabled households; and funding towards substantial and minor property repairs.
3) Public Services & Facilities: Funding for public services and facilities developed by qualifying private entities.
LESSON 3: INSOURCING
Local Issues
Local People
Local Resources
NEW CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION
COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION
Facade Improvement
COMMUNITY MARKETS AND FRESH FOODS
ACHIEVEABLE HOUSING
Re-payments to pay bonds and future housing
Blight
Bond
NORA
Trust
Hazard
Mitigation
Fund
Developer
200-500 units
Affordable Workforce Housing built to community style-Public Safety, teachers and low income home buyers—lease purchase and Fannie Mae Mortgage Assistance (70% -80% Affordable-20-30% Market rate)
Trust New Ownership approaches
Land
assemby
Rent to own &/or purchase with soft second 10 yr
42
CHANGE THE BUILDING PLATFORM
44
economic development sites
•Medical District•Amateur Sports Complex•Canal Street Initiative•Cruise Ship Terminal Expansion•Mixed Development at East Bank Naval Facility•Port at Riverfront•Federal City•Various Housing and Mixed Use Development
CITY WIDE PROGRAMS
158 rental units (New Savoy)
Neighborhood Grocery
Drug Treatment
Facility
African American Heritage Cultural District
Tax Abatement
GO Zone Bonds Project
PORT OF NEW ORLEANS
• Expansion of Napoleon Avenue terminals
• Enhance cruise ship industry
• Support Latin American connection
• Develop Intermodal Distribution Center
• Policy Goal:
Establish a joint public-private entity to prioritize development policies and develop implementation and marketing strategies to accomplish those goals.
•
PUBLIC-PRIVATE WAY TO THE FUTURE
Economic Economic Research Research
& & ExpertiseExpertise
Private Private Sector Sector
InvestmentInvestmentGovernmeGovernme
nt nt ResourcesResources
Effective Effective Laws & Laws & PoliciesPolicies
LESSON 5: CREATE NEW CIVICS ACROSS GENERATIONS, COLORS AND INTERESTS
WHO ARE WE DOING THIS FOR?
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