Residential Segregation and Diversity in California

1 Census 2000 Census 2000

Residential Segregation and Diversity

in California

Juan Onésimo SandovalJuan Onésimo SandovalNorthwestern UniversityNorthwestern University

Hans P. JohnsonHans P. JohnsonPPICPPIC

Sonya M. TafoyaSonya M. TafoyaPPICPPIC


OutlineOutline

Motivation for studyMotivation for study

Research Questions and DesignResearch Questions and Design

Empirical FindingsEmpirical Findings

SummarySummary

Directions for Future ResearchDirections for Future Research


Motivation for StudyMotivation for Study

What is segregation?What is segregation?

Choice of an indexChoice of an index


Research QuestionResearch Question

How diverse are California neighborhoods?How diverse are California neighborhoods?

How stable are diverse neighborhoods?How stable are diverse neighborhoods?

How did the growing Latino and Asian How did the growing Latino and Asian populations impact neighborhood diversity or populations impact neighborhood diversity or segregation? segregation?


Research DesignResearch Design

Definition of NeighborhoodDefinition of Neighborhood

Racial CategoriesRacial Categories

Diversity IndexDiversity Index


Diversity IndexDiversity Index

where:where:

HHii= Diversity index for tract j= Diversity index for tract j

P(P(ii)=Proportion of the tract population in race/ethnic group)=Proportion of the tract population in race/ethnic group

k=the total number of racial/ethnic categoriesk=the total number of racial/ethnic categories

Diversity score will range from 0=(Homogeneous) to 100=(Heterogeneous)Diversity score will range from 0=(Homogeneous) to 100=(Heterogeneous)

100*)(log

)(*))((log(1

K

ii k

iPiPH


California’s 2000 population diversity score was California’s 2000 population diversity score was “58”“58”

Diverse – Greater Than 75Diverse – Greater Than 75

Somewhat Diverse – 75 to 60Somewhat Diverse – 75 to 60

Somewhat Segregated – 59 to 45Somewhat Segregated – 59 to 45

Segregated – Less than 45Segregated – Less than 45


The percent of census tracts that were Latino The percent of census tracts that were Latino majority significantly increasedmajority significantly increased

4

13

1

17

52

2

23

3

21

65

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

White Black Latino Asian NoMajority

19902000Pe

rcen

tage


The percent of segregated census tracts The percent of segregated census tracts declined from 1990 to 2000declined from 1990 to 2000

7

22

27

43

19

2927

25

05

101520253035404550

Diverse Som ewhatDiverse

SomewhatSegregated

Segregated

19902000Pe

rcen

tage


White neighborhoods become more diverseWhite neighborhoods become more diverse

1

17

31

51

5

2925

31

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Diverse SomewhatDiverse

SomewhatSegregated

Segregated

19902000Pe

rcen

tage


Latino neighborhoods tend to be somewhat Latino neighborhoods tend to be somewhat segregated or segregatedsegregated or segregated

1

25

3638

4

30 30

36

05

10152025303540


Som ewhatSegregated

Segregated

19902000Pe

rcen

tage


One in five black neighborhoods were One in five black neighborhoods were segregated in 2000 segregated in 2000

2

24

40

33

8

3537

20

05

1015202530354045


SomewhatSegregated

Segregated

19902000

Perc

enta

ge


Asian neighborhoods were diverse or somewhat Asian neighborhoods were diverse or somewhat diverse in 2000diverse in 2000

7

39 39

1512

62

22

4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


SomewhatSegregated

Segregated

19902000

Perc

enta

ge


1990 racially diverse neighborhoods remained 1990 racially diverse neighborhoods remained diverse in 2000diverse in 2000

2000 Level of Diversity/Segregation2000 Level of Diversity/Segregation

DiverseDiverse SW SW DiverseDiverse

SW SW SegregatedSegregated

SegregatedSegregated

1990 Level 1990 Level of Diversity/of Diversity/SegregationSegregation

DiverseDiverse 83%83% 17%17% 0%0% 0%0%

SW DiverseSW Diverse 46%46% 43%43% 10%10% 1%1%

SW SW SegregatedSegregated

12%12% 52%52% 29%29% 7%7%

SegregatedSegregated 0%0% 8%8% 38%38% 54%54%


Vallejo and Pittsburg had the highest Vallejo and Pittsburg had the highest neighborhood diversity scores in 2000neighborhood diversity scores in 2000

85 8584

8382

81 8180 80

79

7677787980818283848586

Valle

jo

Pitt

sbur

g

Hay

war

d

San

Lean

dro

Fair

field

Sacr

amen

to

Bel

lflow

er

Mor

eno

Valle

y

Uni

on C

ity

Ric

hmon

d

Div

ersi

ty S

core


East Los Angeles had lowest neighborhood East Los Angeles had lowest neighborhood diversity score in 2000diversity score in 2000

41 39 3834 33 32

27

20

14 12

05

1015202530354045M

onte

bello

Enci

nita

s

Lynw

ood

Red

ding

New

port

Bea

ch

Pico

Riv

era

Flor

ence

-G

rahm

Sout

h G

ate

Hun

tingt

onPa

rk

East

LA

Div

ersi

ty S

core


Rancho Cordova had the biggest change in the Rancho Cordova had the biggest change in the diversity score that increased diversitydiversity score that increased diversity

2522 22 21 20 20 20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Diff

eren

ce in

Div

ersi

ty S

core


South Gate had the biggest change in the South Gate had the biggest change in the diversity score that increased segregationdiversity score that increased segregation

-9 -9 -9-10

-11 -11

-20

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0Florence-Graham

Pico Rivera East LosAngeles

HuntingtonPark

Paramount BaldwinPark

South Gate

Div

ersi

ty S

core


Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the most Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the most likely not to reflect the diversity of the citylikely not to reflect the diversity of the city

23

1918

17

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

Los Angeles Oakland San Diego Carson Redwood City

Gap

in P

oten

tial D

iver

sity

Sco

re


Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 90

N

EW

S

Solano and Alameda County had the highest neighobrhood diversity scores in 2000

SonomaNapa

Solano

Santa Clara

Marin

Alameda

Contra Costa

San Mateo

San Francisco

Sonoma

Napa

Solano

Santa Clara

Marin

Alameda

Contra Costa

San Mateo

San Francisco

1990 Entropy Score 2000 Entropy Score


Kern

Fresno

Tulare

MaderaMerced

Kings

Stanislaus

San Joaquin

Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 90

N

EW

S

Neighorhood diversity in the Centeral Valley increased

Kern

Fresno

Tulare

MaderaMerced

Kings

Stanislaus

San Joaquin

2000 Entropy Score1990 Entropy Score


San Bernardino

Riverside

ImperialSan Diego

Los AngelesVentura

Orange

Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 90

N

EW

S

Neighborood diversity in Southern California increased

2000 Entropy Score1990 Entropy Score

San Bernardino

Riverside

ImperialSan Diego

Los AngelesVentura

Orange


Rancho Cordova

Vineyard

Elk Grove

AuburnLincoln

Arden-Arcade

Sacramento

Florin

Granite Bay

Roseville

Fair Oaks

El Dorado Hills

Rocklin

Citrus Heights

Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 100

N

EW

S

Sacramento had the highest neighborhood diversity score for large cities in 2000


San Francisco

Portola Valley San Jose

Concord

Fairfield

Sausalito

Novato

Saratoga

Woodside

El Granada

Pacifica

Union City

Oakland

Berkeley

Walnut Creek

Livermore

Orinda

Alameda

Vallejo

Pittsburg

Census Tracts0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 100

Places

N

EW

S

Bay Area suburbs had the highest neighorhood diversity scores in 2000


Los Angeles

Manhattan Beach

Rancho Palos Verdes

Santa AnaLong Beach

Florence-Graham

East Los Angeles

South Gate

San FernandoBurbank

Monrovia

Redondo Beach

Santa Monica

Beverly Hills

Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 100

Places

N

EW

S

East Los Angeles had the lowest neighborhood diversity score in 2000


Irwindale

Irvine

Chino Hills

Foothill Ranch

Ontario

Moreno Valley

Fontana

Riverside

Newport Beach

Santa Ana

San Bernardino

Calimesa

Mission Viejo

San Clemente

Laguna BeachDiversity Score

0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 100

Places

N

EW

S

Newport Beach had one of the lowest neighborhood diversity scores in 2000


San Diego

Chula Vista

Encinitas

Carlsbad

Oceanside

Valley Center

Escondido

Ramona

San Diego Country Estates

Harbison Canyon

Alpine

RainbowFallbrook

Bonsall

Poway

Imperial Beach

Rancho Santa Fe

Fairbanks RanchLa Mesa

JamulNational City

Diversity Score0 - 1011 - 2021 - 3031 - 4041 - 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 100

Places

N

EW

S

Coastal neighborhoods had the lowest diversity scoers in the San Diego metro area in 2000


SummarySummary

California neighborhoods are becoming more California neighborhoods are becoming more diverse.diverse.

Diverse neighborhoods were stable.Diverse neighborhoods were stable.

Neighborhoods in the Bay Area were the Neighborhoods in the Bay Area were the most diverse in 2000 most diverse in 2000

Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the least Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the least diverse in 2000diverse in 2000


Directions for Future ResearchDirections for Future Research

Compute an income diversity indexCompute an income diversity index

Analyze other dimensions of segregationAnalyze other dimensions of segregation

Extend this analysis to other statesExtend this analysis to other states

Documents

Residential Segregation and Diversity in California