Residential CCTV - Lincolnshire Police · In general, residential CCTV systems with cameras and lighting installed at least 2.5M above the ground and not protruding more than 1M from

Residential CCTV

What to look for when buying a CCTV System

LINCOLNSHIRE POLICEpolicing with PRIDE

Foreword ............................................................................................................................1

Introduction .....................................................................................................................2

Who is this guide for? .......................................................................................................2

What is this guide for? ......................................................................................................2

Section 1 – Before you decide on buying CCTV.........................................3

Some important things to consider ..............................................................................3

Section 2 – Designing and Specifying your CCTV System ..................6

Other Positioning Considerations .................................................................................9

Using Alarm and Privacy Settings ..............................................................................11

Lighting ...............................................................................................................................11

How do I want to view and record my CCTV? ..........................................................13

Recording CCTV images – Minimum Requirements ............................................15

Section 3 – Additional Information for DIY Installers ....................... 17

CCTV Systems and Grading to BS EN 62676 .......................................................... 17

Recording Resolutions – Choosing the right one ..................................................18

Recording Rates ..............................................................................................................19

Lens Choice .......................................................................................................................19

Lighting ...............................................................................................................................20

Cables and Cable Protection .......................................................................................20

Section 4 – Useful Contacts ............................................................................... 21

Useful Links and Contacts ............................................................................................ 21

Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................22

Contents

1Professionalism Respect Integrity Dedication Empathy


Foreword“In the past, the recovery and investigation of CCTV evidence was reserved for only the most serious criminal cases. It was rare to even find CCTV outside of large town and city centres and the use of CCTV in private property was almost unheard of until just a few years ago. The rapid development of technology however has also seen a massive rise in the number of privately owned CCTV systems in the United Kingdom and its use in even the most routine investigations is now commonplace.

Whilst it can be useful in our investigations, it is also the case that the majority of CCTV currently in use privately is not suitable for its intended purpose and fails to provide the evidential quality required by the criminal courts. This can not only be frustrating and disappointing for its owners but may also result in a lot of wasted police time resultant from its recovery and examination.

Poorly positioned or ill-considered CCTV also results in a lot of police time being spent attempting to resolve avoidable disputes between neighbours whilst its use in favour of traditional physical security (good locks for instance) often fails to add any additional security to a property in real terms.

With a little knowledge and forethought however, CCTV can not only help to improve the security of your home without infringing on the rights of your neighbours but can also provide the police with greater evidential opportunity to bring criminals to justice should the worst happen.

This guide has been designed to take you through the basics of what is a very complex subject so that you are able to better consider if CCTV is right for you and, if so, what you should consider when designing or specifying a system.

I sincerely hope that you find it informative, thought provoking and, above all, useful.”

Paul GibsonTemporary Assistant Chief Constable for Crime and Local Policing, Lincolnshire Police.

policing with PRIDE2

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Introduction

The use of CCTV in private residential properties has seen a significant increase in recent years and cameras in and around the home have become a common site. Unfortunately, many of these systems do not perform the job that their owners originally intended because the system is not capturing images to a standard accepted by criminal courts. This means that many CCTV systems may not act as a deterrent to crime nor provide suitable evidence if an incident occurs.

Who is this guide for?This guide is intended for members of the public who are considering having CCTV installed around their home. The guide is not intended for business users who should refer to the Home Office publication “CCTV supporting small businesses”.

What is this guide for?The purpose of this guide is to give someone with little or no technical knowledge an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of CCTV as well as an expectation of what can and cannot be realistically achieved. The guide will allow you to better understand your requirements and better communicate what you need your CCTV system to do when dealing with professional installers.

Whilst we would always recommend that you employ a professional installer to carry out this type of work, if you are confident that you can install CCTV on your own, please also take the time to read the Additional Advice for the DIY Installer section at the end of this booklet.



Section 1 – Before you decide on buying CCTV

Some important things to consider

You are likely to have picked up, downloaded or been given this guide so that you can find out how to design and install your own CCTV system correctly and we hope that you find it useful. However, it is important that you read this section before deciding if CCTV really is the correct solution for you.

Physical Security is more effective than CCTV alone

It is important to remember that CCTV on its own will not provide the security that even the average house should have. A criminal is unlikely to be put off by the presence of a CCTV camera if they think that they can commit an offence and get away from the scene quickly. It is strongly recommended that before you invest in CCTV you ensure that your physical security is as good as it can be. Good physical security will slow down or even stop a criminal and this is likely to be a key factor in their decision making process about whether to carry out a crime in the presence of a CCTV camera or not.

Physical security refers to items such as the locks on your doors and windows and the fences and boundaries to your property.

Weaknesses in your physical security are likely to be exploited whether you have CCTV installed or not and should be addressed first.

Lincolnshire Police has already published a lot of information about home security and this can be found on our website’s “Get Advice” pages. If you are viewing this electronically, you can click on the following link www.lincs.police.uk/get-help-advice/ to access it. You can also find out more about what physical security and products are tested and recommended by the UK Police on the Secured By Design (www.securedbydesign.com) and the Master Locksmith’s affiliated Sold Secure (www.soldsecure.com) websites.

http://www.lincs.police.uk/get-help-advice/

http://www.lincs.police.uk/get-help-advice/

http://www.securedbydesign.com

http://www.soldsecure.com

http://www.soldsecure.com


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CCTV and the law

A recent ruling in Europe has resulted in a change in the way residential CCTV is governed in the UK and applies to both new and existing domestic systems. If your CCTV system covers any area beyond the boundaries of your property, such as neighbouring gardens or the street, then it will no longer be exempt from the Data Protection Act (DPA) under the domestic purposes exemption. This does not mean that you are breaching the DPA but it does mean that you are subject to it.

CCTV systems filming even limited views of a public space are now required to be registered with the

Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and will be subject to a number of other requirements such as the use of specific signage. Owners must also be aware that, if their system covers an area beyond their home’s boundary, they will also be subject to many of the same requirements, in terms of the protection and provision of data, as larger organisations.

To keep up to date with the latest guidance you should periodically check with the ICO or subscribe to their newsletter which can be found via this link – https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/cctv/

Do you need special planning consent?

In general, residential CCTV systems with cameras and lighting installed at least 2.5M above the ground and not protruding more than 1M from the building will not require any special permission. However, if the system is to be placed on a listed building or you live in or close to a national

park, area of special scientific interest or conservation area you are likely to require permission from your planning authority. In all cases it is always best to check with your local planning authority before undertaking any work.

Why we recommend professional installation

With many large high street and internet retailers stocking CCTV kits there is the temptation to install CCTV yourself or get a friend or relative who “knows a bit about it” to do it for you.

Whilst this option may be cheaper, we would always recommend that you use an installer with a recognised accreditation.

https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/cctv/

https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/cctv/



Installing and setting up CCTV correctly can be a complex process that often requires a lot of knowledge, experience and specialist equipment to do correctly. There are many technical factors that must be taken into consideration throughout the process and a good knowledge of the products available is essential.

Another good reason to use professional tradespersons is the recent introduction of a new set of British Standards for CCTV systems (BS EN 62676). These standards have been developed by the security industry and the government to provide installers with clear guidance on how well a CCTV should perform for its given purpose. The standard also uses a grading system that will better ensure that your CCTV system will meet the standard that you require.

We recommend that any CCTV system installation conforms to BS EN 62676. Specifying that you want your system to conform to this standard from the outset will not only provide you with a system suitable for your needs but will also help you to resolve any disputes about the installation.

Who do we recommend installs your CCTV?

We strongly advise you to choose installers who are accredited specifically for CCTV installation by either the National Security Inspectorate (NSI) or the Security Systems and Alarms Inspectorate Board (SSAIB). Details of these organisations can be found at the back of this booklet.

The installer does not need to be a large or national company. There are many smaller professional installers who will also be members of these trade associations.

Finally, before committing to any work being done you should obtain at least three separate and itemised quotes if you are using an installer.


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Section 2 – Designing and Specifying your CCTV SystemOnce you are satisfied that the physical security in your home is as good as it can be and you are now aware of the legal requirements a CCTV system may place on its owner, you are now in a much better position to decide if CCTV is the right solution for you.

If the answer is “yes” then we understand that it’s all too tempting to rush out and buy something on the recommendation of a salesman or an internet review. However it is important that you take some time to work out exactly what you want your CCTV to achieve and how practical it will be to do this.

What do I want my system to do?

Whilst this might sound like a simple question, having a clear idea of what you want your CCTV to do will help you make clear decisions from the outset and, in turn, could save you money.

CCTV in residential property is mostly used for two purposes: monitoring and capturing evidential images. Often the two are combined.

If all you require your CCTV system to do is alert you so that you can take action (call the police for instance) then you can potentially save money because you may require fewer cameras that only need to capture a certain amount of detail. Such systems are also likely to be easier and cheaper to install.

On the downside, the images captured are unlikely to be of evidential value and you will also need to consider the security of your internet connection as well as your mobile device’s ability to connect securely to the internet when you are away from home.

To capture evidential images of an offender you are going to have to think carefully about the position of cameras and the image quality that they capture. The evidential requirements of CCTV systems may also require you to place cameras at head height and in harm’s way. This is likely to mean that you will need to install vandal resistant items and internal or armoured cabling which could prove to be expensive. You



must also remember that criminals are more aware of CCTV than ever and many will hide their faces, however good evidential quality CCTV

would still be able to record details of their clothing and other personal characteristics that may prove useful to the police at a later date.

What do I need to see?

Once you have decided what you want from your CCTV system it’s time to start considering how you will achieve this. The rear of your home and secluded passages to its side are usually the most likely places that a break in will occur. In general, the front of your home is much less likely to be targeted by burglars but is likely to be subject to a lot of legitimate activity and could generate a lot of false CCTV alarm activations.

Whilst the majority of the technical detail can be left to a professional installer to work out, it is still important that you have a clear idea about what areas you want to capture and in what detail.

The images below show the three key evidential video standards that you should have in your mind throughout this process.

IDENTIFY (100% screen height)*

RECOGNISE (50% screen height)*

OBSERVE (25% screen height)*

Sufficient picture quality and detail to identify an individual beyond reasonable doubt.

Viewers can say with a high degree of certainty whether or not an individual shown is the same as someone they have seen before.

Some characteristic details of the individual, such as distinctive clothing can be seen.

Screen height is how much space vertically a 1.7m tall figure would occupy, as shown in the diagram above.


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Monitoring Only Systems

If you have decided on a system for monitoring the cameras will only need to capture images in the “observe” category as a minimum.

Cameras used for monitoring only can be placed out of reach and will be able to cover larger areas with less detail.

Evidential CCTV Systems

If you have decided on an evidential system then at least one camera must be able to capture an image in the “identify” category whilst the others should be capable of clearly showing an offence taking place. Usually this will mean that they will need to capture images in the “recognise” category.

Images in the “identify” category are usually best captured in restricted areas where someone must pass but this is not always possible or easy on a residential property. Some areas to consider for placing identification capable cameras are passageways around your home or within your home in places such as the hallway.

Cameras being used for identifiable images will also be more likely to capture useful information if they are positioned closer to the ground. This requirement brings about its own problems and the potential for additional costs:

Vulnerability. Any CCTV camera within reach is prone to vandalism

or being moved so that it cannot capture images of the offender. To guard against this, vandal resistant dome cameras may need to be used and wiring will need to be run internally, shielded within conduit or be armoured.

Position. Regardless of how robust a camera is, if it is not sited correctly it could be attacked from a blind spot and defeated. If it is not possible to find a good position where a camera cannot be attacked from outside of its field of view, then consideration may need to be given to having another camera overlooking it from the opposite direction.



Backlighting problems. In this image, the camera is unable to cope with the large difference in lighting. It is also prone to sending false alarm signals caused by movement beyond its intended view. The problems caused here could be resolved through the use of additional lighting or choosing a more suitable camera position.

When installing a CCTV camera you should also be aware that there is a minimum height that it can be installed at before special permission

would need to be applied for. This is 2.5M from the ground and is set down in the Town and Country Planning Act Part 33.

Other Positioning ConsiderationsA competent installer working to BS EN 62676 should ensure that any system they install will perform as it should and that it will not be adversely affected by environmental conditions. It doesn’t do any harm to be aware of some of the most common problems seen in CCTV systems however. Using this

information and your own knowledge of the potential problems you may have in and around your home will enable you to work with an installer in order to avoid them the first time around.

Below are some common problems that affect CCTV systems.

Glare. Lighting problems can also occur when the sun is low in the sky. When positioning cameras be aware of where the sun will be early and late in the day especially during winter months. Cameras should never point into the sun or be affected by reflected light or glare.


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Access for cleaning and maintenance. All cameras and lighting will require periodic cleaning. Without cleaning, the vision of the camera will become adversely affected whilst lighting may become much less effective. Cameras that are not maintained may also be much less likely to deter criminals.

Think about these factors before speaking to an installer.

Obstructed views. Whilst sometimes it is clear that the view will be obstructed you should also consider how the growth of trees, shrubs or even window boxes will affect views and lighting over the year and over time. CCTV is most effective when it has a clear line of sight. If there is the potential for this to be impeded either consider your design or remove the obstacle.

Camera positioned at a steep angle. Overly steep camera angles severely limit the view taken in and restrict the amount of useful evidential data significantly.

Too little detail. Although this camera covers a large area it has little evidential potential because the detail is limited. If the camera was being used to monitor an area, the extent of the view could also result in a lot of false activations from innocent passers-by, animals and even reflected glare off passing vehicles.



Using Alarm and Privacy SettingsWhatever you decide that you want your system to do it is likely that you will need it to have the ability to limit areas within the camera’s view so that it does not send alarms or intrude into other’s privacy unnecessarily. Many CCTV recorders include features to help you to do this.

Whilst privacy masking features are useful in limiting views onto public spaces we would advise you to try and avoid having your cameras overlooking the area in the first place as this is much less likely to concern your neighbours.

The alarm function on many CCTV recorders will include features where you can set your system to ignore certain areas of the images. This is useful for limiting the potential false activations from things like

tree branches or bushes and some recorders will allow you to adjust the sensitivity of the monitoring software to reduce false alarms caused by animals.

Unfortunately no software is fool-proof. Unlike traditional intruder alarms which look for moving heat sources, CCTV recorders only monitor changes in the image. This can be especially problematic in locations prone to sudden changes in light levels (for instance where sunlight is reflected off passing vehicles or where a nearby light is flickering or turning on and off) and this should be taken into consideration when thinking about the position of cameras. If cameras are to be mounted high up and near to the roofline, nesting birds or insects may also interfere with the images.

LightingYour installer will be in the best position to calculate the strength of the lighting required and its position. The following information will give you an understanding of the types of lighting available and some considerations that you should make.

The most common type of lighting used with CCTV is infrared (IR).

Many cameras with fixed, integral lenses already have infrared lighting installed in them. Less commonly seen in residential property is powerful security lighting but both may have uses in your system. Both types of lighting are available with low energy consuming LED technology.


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Pros and Cons of Lighting Types

Whatever lighting you choose it is important to ensure that the source is positioned so that it neither causes any object in front of it to cast a shadow nor interferes with the images captured by the camera.

INFRARED LIGHTING SECURITY LIGHTINGVery discrete lighting. Lamps can be bought that operate in different wavelengths and can range from a red glow though to near invisibility with the human eye.

Traditional security lighting is much less discrete and may affect your neighbours and wildlife.

Infrared lighting requires images to be recorded in black and white (or monochrome). This means the colour of clothing will be impossible to determine. Cameras using IR during the darkness will often automatically switch back to colour in daylight. This type of camera is usually referred to as either a colour/mono or day/night camera.

In order for your CCTV cameras to capture colours correctly under artificial light, specialist lamps should ideally be used and could significantly add to the cost of your system.

Infrared lighting can often affect the image and slightly alter the appearance of a person. This could affect the possibility of them being identified but the effects are usually quite small.

Motion activated lighting or high levels of permanent illumination may prove to be too disruptive to you even if your neighbours are not affected.



How do I want to view and record my CCTV?There are a number of different ways that CCTV images can be recorded and viewed. The system you choose will depend on factors such as cost, performance and its ability (if required) to communicate

remotely. This section of the guide gives a brief overview of the main options available to you and some of the things you should consider when choosing between them.

Traditional or Analogue Systems

This is the most popular type of system and generally consists of a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) that can work independently. Many of these systems also have the ability to be

remotely viewed over the Internet or Ethernet and have the ability to produce images onto removable media such as a memory stick or CD/DVD.

PROS THINGS TO CONSIDERThe vast range available ensures that there is a recorder and camera to match any budget.

The quality of recorders varies a lot. Cheaper items can be prone to poor manufacturing whilst certain advertised features may not be as good as they claim.

Many recorders can be connected to the internet to allow for remote viewing of images.

Connection to the internet is likely to require some alterations to your internet router and may also require you to pay an additional fee for a Fixed IP address. You may also want to check that your router uses the latest security protocols.

The system does not need to be connected to the internet if no remote viewing facility is required.

Images are stored locally and the recorder may be targeted by criminals to get rid of evidence.


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Computer or IP (Internet Protocol) Based Systems

Cameras that use local or wider networks to link them to recording software are becoming increasingly popular. Each camera has its own network address that can be accessed from the appropriate software from anywhere else on its network and even anywhere in the world if that network is connected

to the internet. This means that recorded images can be stored away from the location whilst alarms can be received anywhere that the receiving device has a connection to the internet. Receiving devices could be fixed or portable computers or even smartphones.

PROS THINGS TO CONSIDERRecording devices can be more discrete or stored away from site.

Recording images relies on a good network connection. Wider internet connection could also be interrupted which means that a local method of recording may also need to be put in place.

IP cameras are often able to record images in greater detail.

The amount of detail in the image may require a fast connection to be recorded remotely whilst some higher resolution cameras require a lot more light than analogue cameras to work properly. Wireless connections can also limit the amount of data able to be transmitted.

Many IP cameras can be set up to communicate wirelessly without the need for additional equipment. This can avoid the need to run cabling to a router especially if there is a local power source available (for instance in an outbuilding).

Care should be taken when wirelessly connecting IP cameras because not all have the level of security required. Older security standards such as WEP (Wireless Enabled Protection) can be easily compromised.



Cloud Based CCTV

Both of the above types of systems can be linked into the internet “cloud”. Cloud based CCTV can work with a wide variety of CCTV equipment and often uses special adapters provided by a hosting company to connect to wider telecommunication networks such as 3G/4G and Wifi as

well as the Ethernet. Whilst there is still the possibility to have a device recording data locally in case of the loss of a network, much of the storage and control of the CCTV system is done remotely via secure and encrypted links.

The Importance of Passwords

Setting passwords within your system is very important. Whether your system will use the latest IP cameras linked directly into the internet or a more traditional Digital Video Recorder it is important to change any password settings from the factory default to one of your own. Make passwords a mixture of

letters and numbers if you can. If possible, try to incorporate upper and lower case letters and punctuation symbols. If your password is limited to numbers, avoid repeated or obvious sequences (1111, 1234, 2468 etc.) or well-known historical dates (1066, 1966, birth years etc.). The harder a password is to guess the better.

Recording CCTV images – Minimum RequirementsWhatever system you decide upon there are a few requirements that it should meet and these should be made clear to an installer from outset.

Inputs and Channels

Whilst this may seem obvious always ensure that you will have enough channels for your needs. Consider future additions to avoid having to buy more equipment later.


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Minimum Resolution

Resolution is a term used to describe the number of individual pixels in an image. There are many different video resolution standards. As a minimum images need to be recorded at 4CIF or D1 across all the channels for evidential purposes. Other suitable resolution standards for domestic CCTV include: 1080P, 720P, SVGA,

WSVGA (more details of these can be found in the “Additional Information for DIY Installers” section. We do not recommend using recorders that will only be able to record in 1 or 2 CIF resolutions because we think that the images captured are too small and likely to lack sufficient detail.

Recording Rates

We recommend cameras that are intended to capture images in the “identify” category (see page 7) should be recorded at no less than 12 images (or frames) per second (ips/fps). In general, the more images you are able to record, the greater the opportunity to recognise a crime being committed and identify the person committing it so if you can record higher number of images you should do so.

Whilst other cameras may be recorded at lower rates, if your

recorder or data rate will allow it, try and record all cameras (and certainly those intended to capture images in the “recognise” category) at no less than 6 images per second.

Finally, we would always advise you to test the system once it has been installed to make sure that the image quality and frame rate is satisfactory – both for the recorded images and the live view. Don’t wait until an incident occurs to check your CCTV, only to find out then that it wasn’t fit for purpose.

Recording Audio

Although many systems are capable of recording audio as well as video it should NOT be used outside without first seeking the guidance of the Information Commissioners’ Office (ICO).

Audio may be used internally and may even be remotely switched on in the event of a break-in or incident. Some systems may also allow you to use audio to issue a warning to a criminal that you are taking action however we would strongly advise you to use this feature responsibly.



Section 3 – Additional Information for DIY InstallersWhilst we always recommend that CCTV is installed by an accredited tradesperson we know that there are many members of the public who may wish to carry out the work themselves.

This section provides some additional information that the DIY installer may find useful.

CCTV Systems and Grading to BS EN 62676For many years CCTV installations did not benefit from the same type of industry standards that applied to intruder alarm systems. This has now changed and CCTV systems are covered by a standard called BS EN 62676. This standard provides a benchmark against which CCTV system performance and specification can be measured and, although primarily intended for professional tradespersons, is a useful guide for the DIY installer.

An important feature of BS EN 62676 is its use of a grading system. This system provides a standard against which CCTV systems intended for different purposes can be measured. In most cases, residential CCTV systems will fall into Grade 1.

For further information relating to CCTV systems and grading please go to www.bsia.org and search for BS EN 62676 and the document “Guidance for Customers About Grading and Other Important Matters”.

http://www.bsia.org


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Recording Resolutions – Choosing the right oneAny CCTV image should be recorded at a minimum resolution of 4CIF or D1 and the recorder that you choose should be capable of recording at this resolution across all channels.

In addition to the 4CIF and D1 standards there are a number of other video standards that are now becoming increasingly common and that record images in even greater detail.

The table below sets some of these standards out and shows how much

of the vertical image a 1.7M tall person would have to take up in order to meet each of the evidential standards.

The less percentage required, the greater the image resolution. Higher resolutions allow a larger area to be covered whilst still meeting evidential standards.

Standards in the darker green columns are all acceptable for residential CCTV.

Category PAL 1080p 720p WSVGA SVGA VGA 4CIF/D1 2CIF CIF

Identify 100% 38% 56% 67% 67% 84% 70% 139% 139%

Recognise 50% 19% 28% 34% 34% 42% 35% 70% 70%

Observe 25% 10% 14% 17% 17% 21% 18% 35% 35%

Detect 10% 4% 6% 7% 7% 9% 7% 14% 14%



Recording RatesThe number of images or frames that are recorded each second is a very important consideration. In general, the more images recorded, the greater the opportunity to identify someone.

We would recommend that your recorder is capable of the following recording rates:

• 12 images per second minimum for cameras in the “Identify” category

• 6 images per second minimum for all other categories

Establishing recording rates can be difficult but many manufacturers do include basic information on the products specification sheets. If you are in doubt, you should contact the manufacturer or retailer directly.

Lens ChoiceIn order to capture the right image for your requirements you will need to carefully consider the type of lens AND camera that you will use. This is a complex subject and we strongly advise you to do some research before going ahead.

In general, a 4-12mm varifocal lens will cover most residential CCTV requirements whilst a camera with a fixed 2.8 or 3.6mm lens will usually be suitable for most types of monitoring only application. However this is only a guideline and you may want to check your requirements using a lens calculator.

There are many free to use lens calculators available on line but it is

important that you understand how to use them correctly and know both the sensor size that the camera is using and the resolution that the images will be recorded at.

If you are using a varifocal lens, you will also need to consider how you are going to safely focus your lens. This is best done using a specialised CCTV installer’s test monitor. Such monitors can be quite expensive and, if you are unable to hire one, will add considerably to you installation costs.

Finally, if you are using Infrared lighting, you should always ensure that your lens is suitable for this purpose.


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LightingWhatever lighting you choose to install it is important that you give as much thought to its positioning as you do to the camera. Wherever possible, and especially if you are using a separate Infra-red lamp, the lighting source should usually be positioned so that it is as close as possible to the camera and pointing in the same direction. When positioning the light, also ensure that there are

no obstructions in its path. This will help to avoid unnecessary shadows in the image.

Care should also be taken when selecting the light and you should ensure that it is powerful enough to have the range to illuminate the area being filmed without being so powerful that its reflected light will affect the image.

Cables and Cable ProtectionWhatever cameras and lighting is chosen there will usually be a need to protect any power and video cables from both the elements and vandalism.

Internally routed cabling is always preferential but where this is not possible you will need to ensure that:

Wherever possible, cabling is kept out of easy reach

Or

Protected using conduit and trunking

Armoured cabling is also available but that can be very expensive if longer runs are required.

External cable joints and connectors are also vulnerable to the elements

and should always be enclosed in a suitable watertight enclosure. The effectiveness of such enclosures is graded by the IP standard. As a rule of thumb, an enclosure rated at IP54 would be suitable for most environments whilst IP65 and above rated items may be better suited to harsher conditions such as found in exposed or coastal areas.



Section 4 – Useful Contacts

Useful Links and Contacts

SSAIB

7 – 11 Earsdon Road West Monkseaton Whitley Bay Tyne & Wear NE25 9SXTel: 0191 296 32 42Email: [email protected]: http://www.ssaib.org

Secured By Design

1st Floor, 10 Victoria Street London SW1H 0NNTel: 0207 084 8962Fax: 0207 084 8951/01Email: [email protected]: http://www.securedbydesign.com

National Security Inspectorate

Sentinel House 5 Reform Road Maidenhead SL6 8BYTel: 01628 637512Email: [email protected]: http://www.nsi.org.uk

Information Commissioner’s Office

Wycliffe House Water Lane Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 5AFTel: 0303 123 1113 or 01625 545745Fax: 01625 524510Web: https://ico.org.uk/

http://www.ssaib.org

http://www.securedbydesign.com

http://www.nsi.org.uk

https://ico.org.uk/


LINCOLNSHIRE POLICE

Acknowledgements

Lincolnshire Police would like to thank the following for their help in producing this guide:

The Home Office Centre of Applied Science and Technology for their advice and kind permission to reproduce images.

The public and businesses of Lincolnshire for allowing the photography of their CCTV systems for use in this guide.

Alfie Hosker (Secured By Design) and Kevin Burrows (College of Policing).

© Lincolnshire Police (August 2016) Community Safety Department, Police Headquarters.

Documents

Residential CCTV - Lincolnshire Police · In general, residential CCTV systems with cameras and lighting installed at least 2.5M above the ground and not protruding more than 1M from