Research Paradigms - Qualitative Research and Action Research -Tables and Graphic Organizers

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RESEARCH PARADIGMS

Taken from http://www.southalabama.edu/coe/bset/johnson/studyq/sq2.htm

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY



Paul H. Schurr, (2007) "Buyer-seller rel

Industrial Marketing, Vol. 22 Iss: 3, pp.

Table 1. Reproduction of Maykut andMaykut and Morehouse, 1994, Table 2.

ationship development episodes: theories and method

161 – 170

orehouse’s summary of the “postulates of the researc1)

s", Journal of Business &

h paradigms” (Source:



RESEARCH APPROACH

Disciplined inquiry is defined as a systematic and reflective pursuit of knowledge. It clearly embraces a very wide

variety of approaches to scientific research, that can be organized by their assumptions, choices, procedures and analytical techniques. The model is presented in Figure 2. There is very little here that is new,

except perhaps the emphasis and overall vision.

The model offers a distinction between these four aspects of the research process:-

• paradigms (assumptions adopted towards truth, reality, knowledge, and how knowledge is to be used)

• strategies (choices with respect to how disciplined inquiry is to proceed)

• methods (procedures for the collection of data)

• analysis (techniques for the analysis of data).

There is no explicit distinction in this model between quantitative and qualitative research. Both are included and

organized appropriately under each aspect.

A summary of the paper presented to the 18th International Human Science Research Conference, Sheffield, UK, July 26 -

29, 1999. © Dave Hiles 1999 - Paradigms Lost - Paradigms Regained // Dave Hiles // (Psychology, De Montfort

University, Leicester. LE7 9SU. UK.)

(Email: [email protected] )



Taken from https://choonjet0308.wordpress.com/

Taken from http://resweb.llu.edu/rford/courses/SPOL624/science_concepts.html



Taken from http://www.idrc.ca/es/ev-56601-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Taken from http://inmarc.webs.com/researchmethodology.htm



QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Taken from http://www.southalabama.edu/coe/bset/johnson/lectures/lec12.htm



Taken from http://www.bayyinat.org.uk/ellis04.html

Taken from http://charlottemoorby-a2media.blogspot.com/2009_09_01_archive.html



Tomado de http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lmscklPR2j0/SUf5uktGpGI/AAAAAAAAAAo/qdzd9E_Cs0o/s1600-

h/Mapa+conceptual+INVESTIGACI%C3%93N+CUALITATIVA.jpg

Tomado de http://milton_leonardo_c.tripod.com/tesis_practica_integrada/invcual2.gif



ACTION RESEARCH

Action research Taken from http://www.llas.ac.uk/projects/2837

A variety of forms of action research have evolved (Carr & Kemmis, 1986) . All adopt a methodical, iterative approach

embracing problem identification, action planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The insights gained from

the initial cycle feed into planning of the second cycle, for which the action plan is modified and the research process

repeated (Figure 1).

Taken from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/proflearn/research/actres.htm



Figure 1 adapted from Somekh in McBride [1989]. Taken fromhttp://www.enquirylearning.net/ELU/Issues/Research/Res1Ch4.html

Action Research Model

Taken from http://www.environment.gov.au/education/publications/tsw/modules/module10.html

Taken from http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/v4n12007/shen.htm



Tabla 2: TIPOS DE PARADIGMAS

PARADIGMA/ DIMENSIÓN POSITIVISTA INTERPRETATIVO SOCIOCRÍTICO. FUNDAMENTOS YTEORÍA QUE LO

SUSTENTA

Racionalista. Positivismo lógico.

Empirismo.

Fenomenología. Teoría interpretativa.

Teoría Crítica.

MÉTODO ASOCIADO Cuantitativo Naturalista,Cualitativo Dialéctico

NATURALEZA DE LAREALIDAD.

Objetiva, estática,única, dada,

fragmentable,convergente.

Dinámica, múltiple,holística, construida,

divergente.

Compartida,histórica,

construida,dinámica,

divergente.

FINALIDAD DE LAINVESTIGACIÓN

Explicar, predecir,controlar los

fenómenos, verificarteorías.

Leyes para regularlos fenómenos.

Comprender einterpretar la realidad,los significados de las

personas,percepciones,

intenciones y acciones.

Identificarpotencial de

cambio, emanciparsujetos.

Analizar larealidad.

RELACIÓN

SUJETO/OBJETO

Independencia. Neutralidad. No se

afectan. Investigadorexterno. Sujeto como

objeto deinvestigación.

Dependencia. Seafectan. Implicación

investigador. Interrelación.

Relación influidapor el compromiso. El investigador es

un sujeto más.

VALORES.

Neutros.Investigador libre devalores. Método es

garantía deobjetividad.

Explícitos. Influyen en lainvestigación.

Compartidos. Ideología

compartida.

TEORÍA/ PRÁCTICA.

Disociada,constituyen

entidades distintas.La teoría norma

para la práctica.

Relacionadas. Retroalimentación

mutua.

Indisociables. Relación dialéctica.

La práctica esteoría en acción.

CRITERIOS DE CALIDAD. Validez, Fiabilidad,

objetividad. Credibilidad,confirmación,

transferibilidad.

Intersubjetividad. Validez

consensuada.

TÉCNICAS: INSTRUMENTOS, ESTRATEGIAS.

Cuantitativos,medición de tests,

cuestionarios,observaciónsistemática.

Experimentación.

Cualitativos,descriptivos.

Investigador principalinstrumento. Perspectiva

participante.

Estudio de casos. Técnicas

dialécticas.

ANÁLISIS DE DATOS Cuantitativo. Estadística

descriptiva einferencial.

Cualitativo. Inducción analítica,

Triangulación.

Intersubjetivo. Dialéctico.

http://www.galeon.com/didacticacisocial/metcarmen/Met_2.HTM

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Research Paradigms - Qualitative Research and Action Research -Tables and Graphic Organizers