RESEARCH METHODOLOGY EDU 702

INSTITUTE OF MARA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

By: Nurawaheeda Binti Mohamad Ismail

2012369491

SAMPLE OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. How many students learning Experiential English 1 get A’s in the first semester?

2. What percentage of students who failed the previous English test?

3. In general, are the any significant difference between the general English Competency of the students in Science Stream and Art Stream?

If you ask yourselves this type of questions that requires

the answers to be represented in numeric or numbers,then you are conducting a

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

DEFINITION:- - The NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observation reflect. It is used in a wide variety of natural and social sciences including physics, biology, psychology, sociology and geology

( Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2005)

Cohen (1980), QR is defined as social research that employs empirical methods and empirical statements.

Creswell (1994) defined QR as a type of research that is explaining phenomena by collecting NUMERAL DATA that are analyzed using MATHEMATICALLY based method – STATISTICS.

RANDOMIZATIONRandom assignment is an important

ingredient in the best kinds of experiments.

It means that every individual who is participating in the experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental or control conditions that are being compared.

Quoted from week 3 Presentation (Dr. Teoh)

TYPES OF SURVEY RESEARCH

WHEN TO USE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

i-When we want a quantitative answers – number based. For example :

a.How many teachers in ESL classroom prefer to teach grammar as a separate lesson?

b.What is the percentage of the ESL students who registered for Art Course this semester?

ii.To conduct audience segmentation . It is done by dividing population into groups whose members are similar to each other and distinct from other groups. It is also useful to estimate the size of an audience segment as a follow-up step to a qualitative study to quantify and verify results / data obtained in a qualitative study.

iii.To quantify opinions, attitudes and behaviours and find out how the whole population feels about certain issues.

i.e- to measure consumer attitudes regarding am issue prior to a campaign.

iv.To explain some phenomena.i.e:- to explain and quantify on learning

habits, motivation, attitude etc.v.To explain and test hypothesis.i.e:- to verify relationship between students

achievement and their self-esteem and social background.

WHEN NOT TO USE QUANTITATIVE METHODS?To explore a problem or concept in depth – more explanation.

To develop hypothesis and theoriesIf issues to be studied are complex and expected variables may emerge.

To study on meaning of events or circumstances.

ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

COMMON APPROACHES TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Custom surveys

mailQuestionnaires

SAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Researching religion using quantitative methods

Ingrid Storm Institute for Social Change,

University of Manchester

PLEASE REFERS TO THE HANDOUTS

CONCLUSIONFacts/feelings separateWorld is single realityResearcher removedEstablised research designExperiment prototypeGeneralization emphasized

Adapted from Teoh, S.H. (2012 )

REFERENCES

Fraenkael/Wallen/Hyun , How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, MgGraw .Hill international eight edition 2012.

Suphat Sukamolson, Ph.D, Fundamentals of Quantitative Research, retrieved from http://www.culi.chula.ac.th/e-journal/bod/suphat%20sukamolson.

Wikipedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialscience.pdf

Q & ATHANK YOU