Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress Microbes Bud Harmon Brookside Agra O ’...
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Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress Microbes Bud Harmon Brookside Agra O’Fallon IL USA Professor Emeritus Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University
Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress Microbes Bud Harmon Brookside Agra O ’ Fallon IL USA Professor Emeritus Department of Animal
Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress
Microbes Bud Harmon Brookside Agra O Fallon IL USA Professor
Emeritus Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University
Slide 2
Hospitals in US report that 2 million people get sick annually
from diseases contracted from going to hospitals and100,000 die
from these infections each year. CDC, 2011 Dan Childs Medical
News
Slide 3
Similarity in Maintaining Biosecurity and Suppressing Microbial
Populations in Food-Animal Production Units and Hospitals. Rooms in
hospitals and food-animal production facilities are periodically
cleaned and disinfected, which greatly reduces microbial
populations at that instant Rooms must be vacated of humans and
animals for 24 hours after disinfecting for safety (most
disinfectants are carcinogenic) until disinfectant decomposes. Most
disinfectants are worthless within 24 hours of use When humans
enter hospital rooms and sows enter farrowing units, microbial
counts increase and disease virulence builds. Most serious disease
vectors are humans in hospitals and sows in farrowing units. Need a
prophylactic that continues to suppress microbes for extended
periods and is safe. Selected trace minerals provides such
protection. Mineral elements do not break down. Culmination of
research to minimize nosocomial diseases of humans within hospitals
and minimize diseases of food-producing animals is done with
programmed use of selected mineral elements. Hospitals are
methodically installing copper, zinc and iron surfaces that have
excellent microbial inhibiting power, to replace attractive
stainless steel that is worthless in eliminating microbes In
food-animal production, programmed dusting (i.e. weekly) all
surfaces with copper, zinc, and iron provides the same sustained
suppression of microbes
Slide 4
Purpose of Disrupt Environmental Prophylactic Contains trace
elements that continuously reduce microbial levels throughout
farrowing and nursery Research that developed Disrupt paralleled
research conducted by medical and hospital scientists to reduce
nosocomial diseases (fancy term for diseases contracted from going
to hospitals) Our research and hospital research concentrated on
using trace mineral elements to inhibit organisms from viruses
through bacteria, molds/fungi and larval stages of insects and
parasites.
Slide 5
Two Important Research Journals: Journal of Hospital Infections
Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Many trace
mineral elements have been investigated but copper, zinc and iron
are by far the most effective We have focused on the same trace
elements: Cu, Fe, and Zn We have developed an extensive library of
research demonstrating efficacy of each of the 3 elements Examples
of our research and hospital research against a broad spectrum of
microbes
Slide 6
Moran et.al. 2010
Slide 7
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Against Listeria
monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7
Listeria Salmonella E. coli Length of Culture, hrs 168 168 48 Level
of ZnO, mg/ml 0.28 1.12 0.28 1.12 3.2 cfu/ml Log 10 Reduction 4.2
5.8 4.1 6.1 6.0 ______________________________________________ T.
Jin et.al. 2009
Slide 8
Antimicrobial effects of Zinc and Copper ions on Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, (gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive),
Candida albicans (fungus) Minimum lethal concentrations after 48
hour at 37 incubation for zinc and copper against 3 pathogenic
micro-organisms. Minimum Lethal Concentrations x 10mcg/dm -3 Metal
ions Zinc Copper Microorganism Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 1916 36
Staphylococcus aureus 9 8 Candidia albicans 39 26 Zeelie, J.J. and
McCarthy, T.J. 1997 (Example of organism that responds differently
to different element)
Slide 9
Antiviral Effect of Iron and Copper Quotes by Author at FDA
Both iron and copper ions were able to inactivate Junin virus
comparable to the activity of recommended disinfectants:
formaldehyde, peroxide, and chlorine Sagripanti US FDA 1992 Ferric
and cupric ions were able to inactivate 5 single or double stranded
DNA or RNA viruses. At least 99% inactivation of all 5 viruses was
obtained with 1 g/liter of either ferric or cupric ions Sagripanti
US FDA 1993 HIV-1 virus was inactivated by either ferric or cupric
ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hours after
cell infection Sagripanti US FDA 1996 Sagripanti was studying viral
laboratory management and did not pursue potential broad spectrum
disinfectant application
Slide 10
Copper Effective at Inactivating H1N1 Virus H1N1 Virus was
Incubated on Copper or Stainless Plates Stainless Steel Plates
After 24 hours, there were still 500,000 infectious particles
Copper Plates After 1 hour, 75 % of virus was eradicated After 6
hours, only 500 particles remained active. Keevil, Wm 2009
Slide 11
Copper Effective at Inactivating Adenovirus Virus Adenovirus
was Incubated on plates: Copper Stainless Steel Initial Virus
Particle Number 2,000,000 2,000,000 After 1 hour 500,000 After 6
hours 500 1,000,000 After 24 hours 0 500,000 Noyce, J.O., H.
Michels, and C.W. Keevil, 2007. Inactivation of influenza A virus
on copper versus stainless steel. J Applied Environ Microbial Vol
73:2748. H1N1 virus titer decreased by 4 log on the copper surface
within 6 hours. 75% of adenovirus particles were inactivated on
copper (C11000) within 1 hour. Within six hours, 99.999% of the
adenovirus particles were inactivated. Within six hours, 50% of the
infectious adenovirus particles survived on stainless steel.
Slide 12
Keevil et al. 2005
Slide 13
Moran et al. 2010
Slide 14
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Antimicrobial Effects of Stainless Steel and Copper Alloys on
Escherichia coli 0157 Surface Stainless Steel Copper Brass
Temperature: 20 degrees C* Survival 34 days 4 hours 4 days
Temperature: 4 degrees C** Survival Months 14 hours 12 days * Room
Temp, ** Refrigerator Temp. Keevil, C.W., Walker,J.T., and Maule,
A.,2000
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Quotation by C. W. Keevil Southhampton University, UK Lead
Scientist in research to Determine Efficacy of Mineral Elements
antiseptic against Microorganisms. Has confirmed efficacy of Fe,
Zn, and Cu Quote: "We've already shown that copper surfaces can
inactivate MRSA microbes. The fact that we've now established that
copper also inactivates Clostridium difficile spores, which are
resistant to standard cleaning regimes, doubles our conviction that
copper can play significant role in killing those bacteria that
cause hospital infections." June 3, 2008
Slide 18
Viability of Clostridium difficile on Copper Alloys and
Stainless Steel at 22C Keevil et al. Viability of Clostridium
difficile on Copper Alloys and Stainless Steel at 22C Keevil et al.
Stainless Steel Cu alloys Keevil et al Against Clostridium
difficile
Slide 19
100 gm samples of meat placed on copper plate for 0 thru 50
minutes Faundez, G. et.al., 2004
Slide 20
Aerobes (cfu) on Cu items compared with controls in hospital
Casey et.al 2010, Birmingham, UK Time Sampled Control items cfu
Copper items cfu Upper side of toilet seat 07:00 17:00 87.6
(9266.4) 64.5 (28-254) 2.1 (038.4) 1.2 (0-23.4) Under side of
toilet seat 07:00 17:00 10.8 (0101.4) 1.5 (0-121.8 0 (04.2) 0
(0-4.2) Door Push plate 07:00 17:00 1.8 (07.8) 0.6 (0- 3.6) 0
(00.6) 0 (0 1.2) Hot tap handle 07:00 17:00 6.6 (0504) 3 (0-36) 0
(03) 0 (0-39) Cold tap handle 07:00 17:00 7.5 (087) 4.5 (0-51) 0
(03) 0 (0-3) Samples Collected each Friday 10 toilets in study
Slide 21
Press Release, Brussels, Belgium. 1/12/2010 Irish hospital is
first in world to embrace latest science by specifying hygienic
copper door handles throughout Irish Hospital. First to harness
Copper Technology to Fight Infections in a bid to reduce healthcare
associated infections such as MRSA, providing best possible
protection to patients. St Francis Private Hospital, a 140-bed
facility located in Mullingar, County Westmeath, made decision
after examining compelling evidence from clinical trial at Selly
Oak Hospital, Birmingham, which showed that copper surfaces such as
taps, toilet seats and door push plates can reduce microbial
contamination by 90-100%. A total of 250 door handles will be
replaced at St Francis Private Hospital.
Slide 22
First Hospital in France Installs Antimicrobial Copper Touch
Surfaces to Combat Nosocomial Diseases October 7, 2011 Press
Clipping The Centre hospitalier de Rambouillet, in Parisian region,
is first hospital in France to install antimicrobial copper touch
surfaces to fight pathogens and reduce risk of
healthcare-associated infections for its patients. Bed rails,
trolleys, taps, handrails, door handles and push plates made of
copper and copper alloys have been fitted in the intensive care and
pediatric units. Antimicrobial copper touch surfaces are proven
capable of continuously eliminating bacteria, viruses and fungi
including MRSA, C. difficile and Influenza A 24/7, from clinical
environments. Now add St Lukes Hospital in St Louis MO to the list
(In Progress)
Slide 23
Action by US Environmental Protection Agency U.S. EPA approved
registration of antimicrobial copper alloys, with public health
claims acknowledging that copper, brass and bronze are capable of
killing harmful, potentially deadly bacteria. Bacteria listed in
EPA registration: Staphylococcus aureus Enterobacter aerogenes
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), (one of most
virulent strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and common cause
of hospital- and community-acquired infections) EPA has developed a
list of 300 items in health care facilities that can be registered
when made of copper alloys. (From ash trays to ceiling tile)
Slide 24
Copper Hospital Equipment
Slide 25
Other buildings and people gathering sites where equipment is
approved by EPA for antimicrobial claims Public community
facilities, including commercial buildings Residential buildings
Mass transit facilities (China has used in subways, buses and
trains for 3 years) Other approved sites: Gymnasiums, swimming
pools, and Athletic clubs Outdoor play area equipment Public
restrooms ??? Interesting some area not listed by EPA Food
processing plants. Animal packing plants Meat processing plants Egg
processing plants Dairy processing plants Bakeries Groceries Fresh
fruit and vegetable processing plants Restaurants
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weeks Cfu/g 1,000 s
Slide 30
Disrupt
Slide 31
Disrupt Action on Individual Bacteria Species Studies on :
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans Salmonella typhimurium
and choleraesuis Salmonella enteritidis Disrupt inhibited at least
99.999% of each of these bacteria Clostridium difficile and
perfringens (spore formers) Disrupt inhibited 99.995% of each of
these bacteria Applied at same level as used in food animal
production units (1 lb per 100 sq ft of surface) By NPAL Labs in
2009 and 2010
Slide 32
Inhibition of Individual Bacterial Species with Dry Mineral
Based Prophylactic Powder, DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10
Inhibition Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 ft 2 Reduction %
Escherichia coli, cfu/ml 1.9 x 10 9
Slide 33
Inhibition of Escherichia coli Growth with Dry Mineral Based
Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt Log 10 Prophylactic
Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction
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Escherichia coli, cfu/ml 1.9 x 10 9