Research in Electric Power Systems and Storage - DTU …orbit.dtu.dk/files/124939528/IDA_Research_in_Electric... · · 2016-07-13Research in Electric Power Systems ... •Development

Research in Electric Power Systems and Storage Professor and Head of center Jacob Østergaard PostDoc Seyedmostafa Hashemi Toghroljerdi Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) IDA-møde, 25 år med forgasning – hvor langt er vi nået 20 April 2016

20. april 2016 DTU Elektro, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet

Outline • Development of renewable-based energy (power) system

–Integration of renewable energy sources –Current research and development focus

• Battery energy storage –Overview of battery technologies –Battery energy storage applications –EnergyLab Nordhavn case

2



Year 2015 Danish wind power generation: 42.1% of the electricity consumption

January 2014

Danish wind power generation: 63.3% of the electricity consumption

December 21th 2013 Danish wind power generation: 102% of the electricity consumption

Single hour July 9th 2015

Danish wind power generation: 140% of the electricity consumption

March 11th 2014 only 9 MW wind power generated out of installed 4,900 MW

but 480 MW out of 580 MW solar units supplied the grid

Source: Nord Pool Spot and Energinet.dk

Wind Power in Denmark – Status


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Ener

gy p

er h

our i

n D

K (M

Wh/

h)

Year 2020

Wind Power Demand

Who will deliver fast?

Who will consume?

Who will produce?

Balancing of Electric Power System with High Wind Power Penetration


Electricity Markets: Impact of Wind Power on the Nordic Electricity Market

Source: Pinson et. al (2012). IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting 2012, San Diego, California, US.


Smart Integrated Energy System (electricity/gas/thermal/transportation)

17/04/2008 Presentation name 7


Storage and Energy Conversion Technologies • Challenges

–Cost

–Efficiency

–Flexibility (technical and economic challenge)

• Note: Different drivers may exist

8


• Scandinavia’s largest city development district

• Over the next 50 years, Nordhavn will develop into a new district with 40,000 residents and 40,000 jobs.

• Will be a role model of a future sustainable city, contributing to the City of Copenhagen's goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2025.

• A living EnergyLab for real-life demonstration of smart energy solutions.

Nordhavn – the future sustainable city

Nordhavn is the only urban development area that has received the highest certification for sustainability - namely gold - in the DGNB certification system.


EnergyLab Nordhavn • Objective: To develop new methods and solutions for design and dimensioning of

the future cost-effective multi-carrier energy system (electricity, thermal, transport), buildings based on Nordhavn as a globally visible real-life laboratory.

• Electricity – Heating/cooling – Transportation - Buildings

• New business models • New integrated market designs • Control and operation • Flexible energy use and storage technologies

• April 2015 - March 2019 • 19m Euro


Stability and Reliability

11


Fast Real-time Security Assessment of Electric Power Systems (ms-range)

Refs: International Journal on Power and Energy System, 2012 Patent No. 111681113.6 – 2207, 2011 Patent No. EP11195960.7, 2011

Conventional approaches • Off-line simulation-based analysis • Assessment times of 5 – 15 minutes • Insufficient for systems with high

share of stochastic energy sources • Detailed and accurate models needed

Developed approach • Analytical approach enables real-time assessment • PMU’s are an enabling technology • Assessment time 2.5 ms on laptop @ 7917 nodes,

1325 gens • 2003 SW-DK blackout -> ≈80 s warning; no blackout • Optimal remedial actions can easily and fast be

identified


Changed Generation Landscape and Challenges of the Local Grids

13


Balancing - Strong Interconnectors

Dato - Dok.nr.

14

Nordic area

Continental Europe UK area

1000 MW

740 MW

600 MW

600 MW

700 MW

700 MW

700-1400 MW

400 MW

National Grid TenneT

50Hertz

Statnett Svenska Kraftnät


( ), , , ,

, , , ,

1max2

DAt t t t t t t t t

t t t t

g t g t g t g tg

P P

λ α

λ λ

′ ′ ′ ′′ ′ ′

↑ ↑ ↓ ↓

Ω + Ω Ω

− −

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

∑

EcoGrid EU Large-scale Demonstration of a Prototype for European Smart Grids

• New market / real-time prices / demand response

• 2,000 active private and commercial customers

• EU fast-track to Smart Grids • Period: 2011-15 • Budget: 21 million Euro • Integrated research and

demonstration

“Best Sustainable IT-project”, 2012 awarded by Sustainia 100 (Arnold Schwarzenegger et. al)

IEA ISGAN Award of Excellence in smart grid systems "Consumer Engagement & Empowerment“, 2014.

Co-funded by EU FP7.

Refs: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2013. … and others.

http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/index.php

http://www.research.ibm.com/

http://www.dtu.dk/English.aspx

http://www.sintef.no/Home/

http://www.arsenal.ac.at/home_en.html

http://www.oestkraft.dk/privatkunde/privatkunde.asp

http://www.eandis.be/eandis/

http://www.elia.be/default.aspx

http://www.energinet.dk/en/menu/Frontpage.htm

http://www.ecn.nl/en/


The EcoGrid Demand Response • By activating demand

reduced the peak load by 670 kW (1.2% of Bornholm peak demand)

• The societal costs from balancing are reduced by 5.4%

• The wind power curtailment has been reduced by 80%

• The EcoGrid market allows to integrate 8.6% more wind power than the baseline market

Read more: www.eu-ecogrid.net

Real-time price

Demand

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 -300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Time [Minutes]

Pow

er [k

W]

Demand response for automated groups

Automation group 1 Automation group 2 Automation group 3


Energy Storage Technologies

“Energy Storage Study - A storage market review and recommendations for funding and knowledge sharing priorities,” AECOM, 2015.


Global installed grid-connected storage (MW)


pumped hydro storage


Energy Storage Technologies



Estimated installed battery capacity (MW) by 2014

“Battery Storage for Renewables : Market Status and Technology Outlook,” IRENA, January, 2015.


Current and projected battery cell price



Current and projected battery cell price

Tesla Gigafactory Tesla Power Wall


Important considerations for battery selection



Cost calculation for battery storage



Cost-Effectiveness? Summary of ES market activities



Applications of battery storage for renewable integration



Renewable Integration: Photovoltaic (PV)

Global Cumulative PV installation

0

100

200

300

400

500

60020

01

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Cum

ulat

ive

PV

Ins

talla

tion

s (G

W)

Low Scenario ----High Scenario ----

[1] International Energy Agency, “Snapshot of Global PV Markets 2014,” 2015.

[2] European Photovoltaic Industry Association, “Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018,” 2014.

[3] SolarPower Europe, “Global Market Outlook For Solar Power / 2015 - 2019,” 2015.


Voltage Rise Caused By High PV Penetration

The maximum PV generation happens simultaneously with low residential load consumption

High PV penetration may cause the reverse power flow in the grid

PCC

PCCU

,P Q

th thPCC th

th

P R Q XU U

U× + ×

≈ +

thUth th thZ R jX= + pccU

,P Q


Overvoltage Prevention Methods


,P Q

mmax

ax th th

th

U U Q XP R

∆ × − ×=↑

↓

th thPCC th

th

P R Q XU U

U× + ×

≈ +

Grid Reinforcement


Overvoltage Prevention Methods


,P Q

Energy Storage Application

PV System Energy Storage

Main Grid

Internal Grid

Controllable Loads

Point of Common Coupling

Power and Energy Flow

Electric Vehicle


Increasing local grid capacity


100 200 3000.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

Day of Year

Max

imum

Pow

er (p

.u.)

The peak power duration curveThe daily peak power


Primary Frequency Control

“Technology Overview on Electricity Storage - Overview on the potential and on the deployment perpectives of electric storage technologies,” Inst. Power Electron. Electr. Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen Univ., June, 2012.


Trading power in the Electricity Markets

Nord Pool electricity price : DK2


Storage Cost Versus Individual Grid Service Benefits

“Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Storage in California,” 2013


Power grid operation

Storage flexibility

Smart network services

Showroom and visualisation

Flexible buildings and users

Flexibility from heat and cooling grids

Measurements and data warehouse

Smart charging infrastructure

Integrated markets and control centers

Thanks for your attention

Documents

Research in Electric Power Systems and Storage - DTU …orbit.dtu.dk/files/124939528/IDA_Research_in_Electric... · · 2016-07-13Research in Electric Power Systems ... •Development