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Researchasanopenenterprise:aneditor’sperspec1ve
PhilipCampbellEditor-in-Chief,SpringerNature
EPFL50thAnniversary18October2019
Acknowledgements
• ElisaDeRanieri,ChiefEd.NatureCommunicaJons• StavroulaKousta,ChiefEd.NatureHumanBehaviour• SowmyaSwaminathan,HeadofPolicy,NatureResearch• HenningSchoenenberger,SNdatadirector
• Otherpublishers,incollaboraJonsandtheirowniniJaJves
Myroles
Myrolesinclude:- overseecross-companyeditorialpoliciesandstandards;- developcross-companyiniJaJvesdirectedattheSDGs.
Thistalkreflectsonopennessasseenthroughtheselenses
Contents
• OAprinciples• Policiesforopenness:integrity• Policiesforopenness:disaggregaJon• MulJdisciplinaryandmulJ-sectoropenness• Theriseofthemachines• Themoral
SpringerNatureandopenaccessmodels
SpringerNature’sOAprinciples
• SpringerNatureiscommiVedtoafutureoffullandimmediateopenaccess.
• GreenopenaccessisonlyforthetransiJonstage
• DuringthetransiJon,SNintendstohighlightthebenefitsofOAprospecJvelyandretrospecJvelyinallitssubscripJonandhybridjournals.
Promo1ngopencomponentsofresearch
9
Openresearchisnotjustaboutpublishedpapers
10
Dataavailabilitystatement:• Thedatasetsgeneratedduringand/oranalysed
duringthecurrentstudyareavailableinthe[NAME]repository,[PERSISTENTWEBLINKTODATASETS].
• Thedatasetsgeneratedduringand/oranalysedduringthecurrentstudyareavailablefromthecorrespondingauthoronreasonablerequest.
• AlldatageneratedoranalysedduringthisstudyareincludedinthispublishedarJcle(anditssupplementaryinformaJonfiles).
Manyjournals,includingNatureandBMC,requireallauthorstotellreadershowtheycangetholdoftheirdata.
Nature536,138(20016).Tolearnmoregoto
hVp://go.nature.com/2bf4vqn
Manda1ngadataavailabilitystatement
.
11
“Acondi/onofpublica/oninaNaturejournalisthatauthorsarerequiredtomakeuniquematerialspromptlyavailabletootherswithoutunduequalifica/ons.”hKp://www.nature.com/authors/policies/availability.html
Sharingcodeandmaterialsisequallyimportant
Openresearchcomponents:Suppor1ngreproducibility
14
Raisingrepor1ngstandardsinlifesciences
• 18-pointchecklistofreporJngstandardsforlifesciencepapers,keymethodologicalandanalyJcalparametersincludingstaJsJcs,statementofin-labreplicaJon,mandatoryreporJngonblinding,randomisaJon,samplesizeesJmaJon
• RaisestandardsonreporJngofstaJsJcs,andscruJnyduringpeerreview• EliminatelengthrestricJonsformethodssecJons• Encouragelinkedstep-by-stepprotocols
15
SowmyaSwaminathan_SNEAG/Oct2019
83% of surveyed Nature authors felt that the checklist had significantly improved reporting of statistics within papers published in Nature journals
Impactofchecklistonpapersandresearchprac1se(2017surveyofpublishedNaturejournalauthors)
83%
58%
55%
30%
27%
4%
BeVerreporJngofstaJsJcs
IncreaseddatadeposiJoninpublicrepositories
BeVerreporJngofreagents
BeVerreporJngonanimalmodels
AdopJonofanJ-biasingpracJces
Other
Areaswherequalityhasimprovedfollowingimplementa1onofthechecklist
n=172
23%
28%27%
22%
Degreetowhichthechecklisthasseencon1nuedimplementa1onirrespec1veofplannedjournalsubmissioninthefuture
Toalargeextent
Toamoderateextent
Toasmallextent
Notatall
78% of surveyed Nature journal authors continue to use the checklist at least to a small extent with their continued work Roughly a quarter stating they were using it to a large extent.
Minimumstandardsworkinggroup
• MulJ-publishercollaboraJon:GroupofjournaleditorsandexpertsinreproducibilityandtransparentreporJng(December2017)
• NatureResearch(SpringerNature),PLOS,Science(AAAS),CellPress(Elsevier),eLIFE,Wiley,MalcolmMacLeod(UnivofEdinburgh);DavidMellor(CentreforOpenScience)
Minimumstandardsworkinggroup
• Newdrakframeworkandchecklist,andencouragingresultsofpilotteststobecommunicatedthismonth,forfurtherconsultaJon.
• FinalpublicaJoninearly2020.
Minimumstandardsworkinggroup
• Newdrakframeworkandchecklist,andencouragingresultsofpilotteststobecommunicatedthismonth,forfurtherconsultaJon.
• FinalpublicaJoninearly2020.Reproducibilitytakes1mespentbyresearchersandbyeditors.
LabculturemaKersmore!
FundersanduniversiJesneedtobeproacJveandtransparentabouthowtheyfosterahealthyresearchculture
Disaggrega1onoftheresearch
publishingprocess
22
“NatureResearchjournalssupportpos1ngofprimaryresearchmanuscriptsoncommunitypreprintserverssuchasarXivandbioRxiv.PreprintposJngisnotconsideredpriorpublicaJonandwillnotjeopardizeconsidera1onatNatureResearchjournals.PreprintswillnotbeconsideredwhendeterminingtheconceptualadvanceprovidedbyastudyunderconsideraJonatNatureResearch.”
Recognisingthevalueofpreprints
“WearenowofferingauthorswhosesubmiVedmanuscripthasbeendepositedinapreprintserver,andisselectedforpeerreview,theopJonofincludingtheirpaperonapubliclistofar1clesunderreviewatNatureCommunica/ons.Thelist,whichwillappearonourdedicatedwebsiteandwillbefreelyaccessibletoallwithoutregistraJon,willprovidealinktothepreprintontherecognizedpreprintserver.WehopethatbyofferingaddiJonalvisibilitytopreprintsthatareunderconsideraJoninourjournal,wewillnotonlybeabletoacceleratethedissemina1onofpoten1allyexci1ngscience,butalsocomplementourpeerreviewprocessbypromoJngwiderscruJnyofpreprintsandthusamoreholisJcreviewprocedure.”
hVp://www.nature.com/authors/policies/preprints.html
Disaggrega1onthatopposes
post-hocbias:pre-registeredreports
Pre-registeredreportsworkflow
Stage1
FromStavroulaKousta,NHB:
“Wehavereceivedmorethan130Stage1submissionssincethejournallaunchedinJanuary2017.Althoughourini/alsubmissionsweremostlyinpsychologyandneuroscience,wearenowreceivingsubmissionsfromanumberofdifferentfields,includinggene/cs,economics,andpoli/calscience.Thissuggeststhattheirappealisincreasinglyspreadingbeyondthedisciplineswheretheformatoriginated.”
Mul1disciplinary,mul1-sectorbenefitsofopenness
UNSustainableDevelopmentGoals
Title
34 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
Solu1ons-orientedcontenttypes,whichdeservemore
supportandpres1ge
35 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
Casestudies
36 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
[TitleforpresentaJon/Datetogohere]
37 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
Expertelicita1ons
38 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
39 Upda1ngfooterToupdatethefooter:• Clickintothetextboxonthe
slidemasterpageandupdatetheinformaJon
Checkingupdates• Thetextupdateswillnotflow
throughtoalltheslidelayoutsassomehavebeenplacedmanually.Thereforeyoumayneedtomanuallyupdateothertextboxessuchasthedividerslidesetc
Systema1creviews
Systema1creviewsdatabase
Harves1ngtheliteraturesindepth:Riseofthemachines
Machine-basedsearchofscholarlyandotherliteratures
• Searchwillbefast,broadanddeep• Excludeshumanbias• GreatformulJdisciplinarythemes
Themoralofallthisis:
Themoralofallthisis:
Makingtheliteraturetrustworthyandusefultakesmoreeffortandinvestmentbyresearchers,funders,insJtuJonsandpublishersthaniscurrentlyhappening,withresultsthatarelesseasytomeasureandcelebratethanhiringyetmorepostdocsandpublishingyetmore(toookenshoddy)papers.
Themoralofallthisis:
Thesearemajorchallenges,andweareallinthistogether!
Makingtheliteraturetrustworthyandusefultakesmoreeffortandinvestmentbyresearchers,funders,insJtuJonsandpublishersthaniscurrentlyhappening,withresultsthatarelesseasytomeasureandcelebratethanhiringyetmorepostdocsandpublishingyetmore(toookenshoddy)papers.
HappybirthdaytoEPFL(50)