Research Article The Distribution and Composition ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/949603.pdfThe Distribution and Composition Characteristics of Siliceous Rocks from Qinzhou

Hindawi Publishing CorporationThe Scientific World JournalVolume 2013 Article ID 949603 25 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552013949603

Research ArticleThe Distribution and Composition Characteristics ofSiliceous Rocks from Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Joint BeltSouth China Constraint on the Tectonic Evolution ofPlates in South China

Hongzhong Li12 Mingguo Zhai1 Lianchang Zhang1 Yongzhang Zhou23 Zhijun Yang23

Junguo He23 Jin Liang23 and Liuyu Zhou23

1 Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100029 China2Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resource Survey Guangzhou 510275 China3Department of the Earth Science of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Hongzhong Li lihongzhong01aliyuncom and Zhijun Yang 306147828qqcom

Received 26 June 2013 Accepted 4 August 2013

Academic Editors N Hirao S Lucas K Nemeth and G Zhao

Copyright copy 2013 Hongzhong Li et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

The Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay joint belt is a significant tectonic zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates whereplentiful hydrothermal siliceous rocks are generated Here the authors studied the distribution of the siliceous rocks in the wholetectonic zone which indicated that the tensional setting was facilitating the development of siliceous rocks of hydrothermalgenesis According to the geochemical characteristics the Neopalaeozoic siliceous rocks in the north segment of the QinzhouBay-Hangzhou Bay joint belt denoted its limited width In comparison the Neopalaeozoic Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay joint beltwas diverse for its ocean basin in the different segments and possibly had subduction only in the south segmentThe ocean basin ofthe north and middle segments was limited in its width without subduction and possibly existed as a rift trough that was unable toresist the terrigenous input In the north segment of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay joint belt the strata of hydrothermal siliceousrocks in Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore deposit exhibited alternative cycles with the marine volcanic rocks volcanic tuff andmetal sulphide These sedimentary systems were formed in different circumstances whose alternative cycles indicated the releaseof internal energy in several cycles gradually from strong to weak

1 Introduction

The Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay joint belt (QHJB) locatedbetween the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates has attractedmuch attention because of its interesting tectonic propertiesThe QHJB is a long narrow tectonic zone that is shapedlike a reversed letter S [1] It starts from Hangzhou Bay innortheastern Zhejiang province spanning Zhejiang JiangxiHunan Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and ends atQinzhou Bay in the south of Guangxi province A largeamount of research on the QHJB has examined differentaspects of its tectonic properties such as the Caledonianfold belt [2ndash4] arc-trench system [5ndash7] melange zone [8]Jiangnan inland orogenic belt [4] South China orogenicbelt [9] middle Jiangxi collisional zone [10] South China

collisional orogen [11ndash13] terrane [14] Qinzhou-Hangzhoutectonic joint belt [1] and even the mantle plume structure[15 16] Thus far the orogen properties of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt [4 13 17ndash20] have been confirmed by thediscovery of ophiolite suites [21ndash23] These ophiolite suitesare distributed in the areas of Fuchan [24ndash26] and northeastJiangxi province [27 28] in the northern segment areas ofnorthern Guangxi province and western Hunan province[29] in the middle segment and areas of west Guangdongprovince [23] and Luchuan [30 31] in the southern segmentThe majority ages of the ophiolite suites lie within therange from 860Ma to 1030Ma [31 32] which indicatewithout doubtMesoproterozoic andNeoproterozoic orogensfor the tectonic properties of the QHJB possibly related tothe evolution of the Rodinia supercontinent The orogen

2 The Scientific World Journal

properties of the QHJB remained until the Silurian period[33] and ended with the collisional matching of the Yangtzeand Cathaysian plates due to Caledonian movement [34]

TheNeopalaeozoic tectonic properties ofQHJBhave puz-zled researchers and major controversies exist in regard tothe existence of an ocean basin with subduction In publishedpapers the Neopalaeozoic ophiolitic melange in northeastJiangxi province possibly indicates the Qinzhou-Hangzhoutectonic zone to be the eastern part of the NeopalaeozoicTethys ocean [28] and the earlyMesozoic acid volcanic rocksof the south segment in southwest Guangxi province confirmthe subduction of an ocean basin until the middle Triassicperiod [35] Although there is diversity among the northmiddle and south segments [36ndash38] the QHJB exhibits inte-gral uniformity in its tectonic evolution [36 39] Thereforethe tectonic properties of the QHJB were proposed to be anorogen in the Neopalaeozoic by the current authors [28 35]The Qin-Fang trough has been attested in the south segment[40 41] but there is a lack of orogenic properties because ofthe absence of a homochronous ophiolite suite and volcanicrocks in the middle and north segments [31] This indicatesthat the Neopalaeozoic tectonic properties for the entireQHJB remain somewhat unclear and the orogenic propertiesmay not possibly run throughout the whole QHJB withsubduction in the ocean basin In addition theQHJBpossiblyunderwent rifting in the NE direction in the Devonian andearly Permian and then experienced folding and orogeny dueto the compression of Dongwu movement [33] The tectonicproperties of the QHJB remain unclear in the Hercynian

The distribution composition and microfabric char-acteristics are significant for understanding the geologicalproperties of the QHJB In the literature the geologicsetting and geographic framework can be proposed usingsiliceous rocks for its geochemical characteristics [42ndash44]which helps underpin the tectonic framework with siliceousrocks widely [45ndash47] In the QHJB the siliceous rocks aredistributed widely [38] and indicate hydrothermal genesis[28 40 48ndash50] and can possibly contribute to understandingthe geological properties of the QHJB Although theseprevious studies examined some individual cases rarely hasattention been given to the temporal and spatial distributionof siliceous rocks in the entirety of the QHJB In the QHJBthe siliceous rocks have complex tectonic evolution [38] andthey potentially preserve significant evidence that will aid inthe comprehension and understanding of tectonic propertiesThus the distributions of siliceous rocks in the entirety of theQHJB were examined in this study to determine the tectonicsignificance of the siliceous rocks In addition geologicalanalysis X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) were also adopted for analysis of the Neopalaeozoicsiliceous rocks These analyses aided in understanding thegeological characteristics and associated indications

2 Geological Setting andPetrological Characteristics

21 Geological Setting The Mesoproterozoic South Chinablock (also named as Elder South China block) is distributed

30∘

0∘

19sim14 Ga crustGrenville orogen

Land blockConjectural boundary

Greater India

East Antarctica

Australia

Laurentia

Yang

tze

Cathaysian

Figure 1 Location of South China block in north late Mesoprotero-zoic Rodinia supercontinent (after [54])

among three land blocks (Figure 1) which are named East-Australia Antarctica and Laurentia respectively The ElderSouthChina block is originated from thematching of Yangtzeand Cathaysian blocks whose crystalline basement is formedin diverse geological era In the previous study the ancientland crusts of Yangtze and Cathaysian are respectivelyformed in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic [51] Theformation of the Yangtze ancient land crust is attested tobe in Neoarchean as evidenced by the crystalline basementof the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic [52] The Cathaysianancient land crust is a group of similar crusts includingYunkai Mintai andWuyi platforms and is formed at the endof the Paleoproterozoic (1800Ma) for the Paleoproterozoiccrystalline basement [51] These two blocks are coheredtogether possibly due to the Luliang movement which iswitnessed by the Luliangian granite in southwest Zhejiangprovince [34] With the matching of Yangtze and Cathaysianblocks the Elder South China block [53] is formed at the endof late Paleoproterozoic [33] Then the whole Elder SouthChina block was covered by a uniform sedimentary veneer

The QHJB comes from the fragmentation of the ElderSouth China block at the beginning of the MesoproterozoicThere is a fragmentation period after Luliang movementwith rift troughs and this fragmentation contributes to theprimary ocean basin of QHJB which separates the Yangtzeblock from Cathaysian block After its formation the QHJBundergoes cyclic tectonic movements which is possiblyassociated with the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinentDuring the whole tectonic evolution process there are threetectonic cycles from Changchengian period to Silurian forthe QHJB [33] the first tectonic cycle ends up with thefirst episode of Jinning movement (sim1000Ma) which isfrom the Changchengian period to the Jixianian periodthe second tectonic cycle ends up with the second episodeof Jinning movement (sim850Ma) which is just during theQingbaikou period the third tectonic cycle ends up withthe Caledonian movement which is from the Sinian periodto the Silurian period At the end of the second tectoniccycle when the Elder South China ocean is closed with

The Scientific World Journal 3

30∘ N

0∘N


Greater India

East Antarctica

Australia

LaurentiaSo

uth C

hina

Mature rift troughAbortive rift trough

Figure 2(b)

(a)

Grenville orogen

Taiwan

Grenville suture zoneSea boundary

Shanghai

100∘E

30∘N

20∘N

120∘E

ge17 Ga crustge14 Ga crust

Cathaysian

Yangtz

e

Qin-Hang joint belt

(b)

Figure 2 Early Neoproterozoic configuration of north Rodinia supercontinent (a) and South China block (b) ((a) after [54] (b) after [57])

collisional matching the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks arecohered together to form SouthChina blockwhich is a part ofRodinia supercontinent [55] Affected by the fragmentationevents of Rodinia supercontinent (Figure 2(a)) the SouthChina block is splitted up into Yangtze and Cathaysian blocksagain (Figure 2(b)) Additionally the prevenient Cathaysianblock is further splitted up into three slight blocks with rifttroughs as insulation and these small blocks are namedSouth ZhejiangmdashNorth Fujian mountain Middle JiangximdashSouth Jiangxi mountain and Yunkai mountain [31] There isa collisional matching for the Yangtze and Cathaysian platesduring the Caledonian event and the two plates are coheredto a unified South China block again which agrees with theformation of Gondwana supercontinent As a part of theGondwana supercontinent the South China block is coveredby the Neodevonian uniform sedimentary veneer entirelyThere are several cycles of tension and compression after theCaledonian movement [34] when the whole South Chinaplate is resplitted up again with the separation of Yangtze andCathaysian plates Between Yangtze and Cathaysian platesthere also exists the QHJB whose tectonic property remainsan uncertainty and will be discussed in this paper In thepublished papers the QHJB is an ocean basin due to theNeopaleozoic ophiolitic melange [28] and early Mesozoicacid volcanic rocks [35] but it is also treated to be an inlandfault zone and rift [56] for the absence of ophiolitic andhomochronous magmatic rocks since Sinian [31] Duringthe Hercynian and Indosinian the tension ends up withcompression contributed by the final Hercynian movementand Indosinian movement The ultimate matching for theYangtze and Cathaysian plates is due to the Dongwuian eventin Permian [41] and the whole plate solidified as the result ofthe Yanshan movement [56]

22 Geological Characteristics of Dongxiang Area TheQHJBis divided into north middle and south segments due tothe diversities in metallogenesis and geological evolution Inthe previous studies there are obvious differences in QHJB

for its metallogenesis [37 39] hydrothermal sedimentation[38] and geological evolution [36] which denote a subsectionwith latitude lines of 24∘N and 27∘N (Figure 3(a)) Accordingto this the QHJB is divided into north middle and southsegments and the middle segment of QHJB (24ndash27∘N) is inaccordance with Nanling mountain chain In north segmentthere is aDongxiang copper-polymetallic ore deposit which islocated in the Xinjiang basin at the southmargin of the Jiang-nan terrane The Xinjiang basin is a secondary fault basinwhich is distributed across the west of the Qiantangjiang-Xinjiang taphrogenic trough [48 49] In the north segmentof QHJB there are two deep faults running in ENE directionwhich are Qianshan-Pingxiang fault and Northeast Jiangxi-Qianshan-Pingxiang fault In addition the Dongxiang oredistrict is distributed in the northeast of Northeast Jiangxifault and is located in the northwest of Qianshan-Pingxiangfault

The regional geology is simple relatively in the Dongx-iang ore district There are strata in three periods in theDongxiang ore deposit Fuzhou city Jiangxi province andSouth China (Figure 3(b)) The rocks in the late Creta-ceous strata include purple sandstone and conglomerateThe Carboniferous strata are mainly composed of clasticrock with interlayered volcanic clastic In the Proterozoicstrata there are pelitic limestone and microsandstonesThe metamorphism is relatively slight and these rocks onlypartially metamorphosed into phyllite The magmatism isweak with dykes of granite porphyry granodiorite porphyryand rhyolite The strata generally form a monocline whichchanges slightly with an approximate occurrence of 145∘ang35∘Numerous fractures are distributed in the Dongxiangminingarea and their outcrops are on strikes of NE-ENE SN andNWdirections Additionally the fractures along theNE-ENEstrike represent a stripping fault which are manifested as themain ore controlling fractures

The Neopaleozoic siliceous rocks are collected from themining area of Dongxiang area in the north segment ofQinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt In the Xinjiang basin there


(a)Figure 3 Continued


(b)

Figure 3 Geological map of QHJB (a) and Dongxiang area (b) ((a) after [36] (b) after [48 58])

are several VMS-type polymetallic ore deposits includingDongxiang ore deposit Yongping ore deposit and Lehuaore deposit and they exhibit intergrowth with siliceousrocks (Figure 3(b)) The siliceous rocks have outcroppingconformably to the strata which are either sill-like orconformable The strata of siliceous rocks with a thicknessof up to 20 meters are located in Carboniferous stratawhich are located below the land surface about 100 metersto 150 meters These siliceous rocks are often accompaniedby carboniferous marine volcanic rock systems and massivesulphide-rich ore strata In this paper the siliceous rockswere collected from the mining area of Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore deposit Fuzhou city Jiangxi provinceSouth China which is located in the north segment ofQinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt

23 Petrological Characteristics In the Dongxiang coppermining area the sulfide ore (Figure 4(a)) and siliceous rocks(Figure 4(b)) were collected from the mine below the land

surfaceThe ore were composed of volcanic breccia andmetalsulphide minerals (Figure 4(a)) and the volcanic brecciaswere cemented by the metal sulphide minerals (eg pyritechalcopyrite galena and sphalerite) The galena and spha-lerite were shown to be coarse-grained breccia (Figure 4(a))while the minor chalcopyrites were scattered and coarse-grained Additionally the pyrites in small quantity weredistributed in the fissures among volcanic breccias withvein shape The siliceous rocks were grey and compact(Figure 4(b)) and consisted of authigenic quartz grains withlow crystallinity microscopically (Figure 4(c)) The fine-grained or micrograined quartz grains were shown to beless automorphic and have closely-packed texture which isin high agreement with the siliceous rocks originated fromhydrothermal sedimentation [45 59] Furthermore slightrecrystallization happened to the siliceous rocks with coarsergrains which were sometimes arranged in a line like a quartzvein (Figure 4(d))


(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 4 Siliceous rock from the Dongxiang ore deposits region ((a) ore including pyrite galena and chalcopyrite (b) grey samples ofsiliceous rock (c) fine-grained siliceous rock (d) quartz-veined siliceous rock)

3 Samples and Experiments

In the pretreatment processes fresh samples were selectedcleaned in ultrapure water dried and then divided intotwo groups One group was polished into thin sections(le003mm) and the other group was broken into grains of3mm diameter using cleaned corundum jaw breakers Someof that sample was selected cleaned redried and ground intograins with diameter of 0075mm in an agate ball mill (NOXQN-500x4) Additionally all the ore-hosted siliceous rockswere separated from the ore several times to purify them

The pretreatment and analysis of the principal elementswere carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Ore DepositGeochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academyof Sciences In this study the SiO

2content was analysed by

classic gravimetric method The Al2O3content was analysed

by EDTA titrimetricmethod (contentgt 1 accuracy of 15)The TiO

2and P

2O5contents were analysed by colorimetric

methodTheK2ONa

2OMnOCaO andMgO contents were

analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (instrumenttype PE-5100) to an accuracy of 02 The FeO and Fe

2O3

contents were obtained by potassium dichromate titrationmethod

Inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MSinstrument model PE Elan 6000) was carried out in theState Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and MineralResources China University of Geosciences The analysisaccuracy of the ICP-MS lay between 1 and 3 and was

used to test the presence of trace and rare earth elementsThe test was prepared from an acid-soluble solution inaccordance with the standard process Samples were weighedout to 100mg and then placed in the sealed Teflon cellbefore the addition of lmL concentrated HF and 03mL 1 1HNO

3 After ultrasonic oscillation samples were placed on

a 150∘C hot plate and then evaporated to dryness rejoinedwith the same amount of HF and HNO

3 and heated under

confinement for a week (at about 100∘C) After evaporationand dissolution by 2mL of 1 1 nitric acid the sample wasdiluted 2000-fold and finally tested by PE Elan 6000 ICP-MSThe results of trace element concentrations are shown inTables 2 and 3 respectively

The pre-treatment for the XRD analysis was performedin the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of GeologicalProcesses and Mineral Resource Survey XRD analysis wascarried out in the laboratory of the College of Chemistry andChemical Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University XRD datawere collected with an X-ray powder diffractometer (instru-ment type DMax-2200 vpc) using the reflection focusinggeometry (Cu K120572 radiation 40 kV at 30mA scanning speed012 s per step step length 002∘ continuous scanningmode)Over the range of scanning angle from 5∘ to 100∘ the datawere analysed by JADE-50 software with the eight highestpeaks as the basis for their identification of eachmineral type

The EPMA analysis was carried out by the State KeyLaboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geo-chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences The instrument


type was a JEOL JSM-6460LV (20 kV) and the X-ray EDSwas produced by the EDAX company The resolution of theinstrument was 30 nm and the magnification is 5sim 300000

4 Characteristics of Distributionand Geochemistry

41 Distribution Characteristics In South China (Figure3(a)) the QHJB was 2000 kilometres in length and 100sim150kilometres in width [31] In this study the distribution ofsiliceous rocks was calculated with the basic unit of countyWhen the siliceous rocks were distributed in the uniformplace with diverse strata these siliceous rocks would be sepa-ratedwith basic unit of formation So the siliceous rocks werecalculated with formation and county as the temporal unitand spatial unit respectively whose distribution categoryincluded Zhejiang Jiangxi Hunan Guangdong andGuangxiprovinces What is more Precambrian strata were dividedinto Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic (Sinian) stratacursorily according to the literature [60ndash64] Calculated fromthe regional geology of Zhejiang Jiangxi Hunan Guang-dong and Guangxi provinces [60ndash64] the temporal andspatial distributions of siliceous rocks in QHJB were listed inTable 1

411 Temporal Distribution The siliceous rocks were easy todevelop more widely in tensional setting and decreased dueto the compression setting In QHJB (Table 1) the marinesiliceous rocks were distributed from Mesoproterozoic toCretaceous whose widest eras of distribution of siliceousrocks were Neoproterozoic Carboniferous and PermianThe Neoproterozoic siliceous rocks were in the largest scalewhich was possibly contributed by the long geological his-tory There were two phases with siliceous rocks in largerscale (Figure 5) which were in Caledonian and Hercynianrespectively the first period for siliceous rocks in large scalewas from Neoproterozoic to Ordovician and ended up withscale decreasing abruptly due to the Caledonian movementin Silurian the second period for siliceous rocks in largescale was from Devonian to Permian and ended up with asudden reduce in scale due to the Hercynian movement inthe end of Permian Since Triassic the scales of siliceousrocks persisted to diminish which were possibly contributedby the regression of the whole of South China In QHJBthe geological setting was tensional in the Caledonian andHercynian [31 33] when the siliceous rocks had large scalewith the widest distribution due to these geological settings(Figure 5) However the Caledonian movement and Hercy-nianmovement contributed to compressional setting [34 41]when the siliceous rocks showed small scale with the widestdistribution due to the compressional setting According tothis the widest distributions of siliceous rocks agreed withthe tensional setting whereas the decreasing distributionsof siliceous rocks contributed by the compressional settingdue to the geological movement So the siliceous rocks werepreferential to developmore widely in tensional setting in theQHJB and decreased due to the compressional setting

Figure 5 Column diagram of localities for siliceous rocks in QHJB(data were calculated from the literature [60ndash64])

412 Spatial Distribution The distribution of siliceous rocksacted as indication of the geological setting and the tensionalsetting was propitious for the development of siliceous rocksThe siliceous rocks were widely distributed in SoutheastChina whose majority were located in the category ofinner and adjacency QHJB (Figures 6(a) and 6(b)) In theprevious study the QHJB was divided into north middle(24ndash27∘) and south segments [36] According to this theCaledonian siliceous rocks had majority in the north andmiddle segments whereas the major siliceous rocks werelocated in middle and south segments in Hercynian Inthe published paper the breakup of South China startedfrom the north segment possibly due to the mantle plumewith transfer in southwest direction [55] and the collisionalmatching also began from north segment extending insouthwest direction [33] Based on the aforementioned atensional setting agreed with the siliceous rocks developingin a larger scale relatively whereas the compressional settingwas adverse to the development of siliceous rocks Accordingto this the diversities in spatial distribution of siliceousrocks came from the hysteresis on geological setting whichcame from the passing of geological setting from northsegment to south segment In the Caledonian the tensionalsetting was too late to the evolution of siliceous rocks inthe south segment which meant a relatively shorter time forthe sedimentation of siliceous rocks in the south segmentthan north and middle segments In the Hercynian thecompressional setting was too early to prevent the evolutionof siliceous rocks which contributed to a long time for thedevelopment of siliceous rocks in the south segment thannorth and middle segments In addition the distribution ofsiliceous rocks acted as indication of the geological setting


Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic

LechangXinyiLianJiang

Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang

ZhengyuanlingGuiyang

Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will

bedifferentiatedwith

capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name


Table 2 Major element analysis data for siliceous rocks from Dongxiang area ()

No SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 LOI TotalDX013a 7910 015 866 200 176 011 250 050 130 187 007 179 9981DX013b 8035 017 854 220 175 012 142 053 132 165 008 165 9978DX015 7949 020 971 130 156 005 075 039 300 189 007 135 9976DX016 7713 022 1012 220 206 010 115 058 352 082 008 206 10004DX020 7944 019 930 223 170 010 172 053 093 166 009 194 9982DX024 7967 020 893 141 215 009 073 051 110 278 008 246 10011DX025 7948 013 556 133 210 032 127 248 065 125 007 516 9980DX026 8284 011 520 220 158 027 076 127 049 048 007 460 9987DX027 7882 023 1326 155 052 001 051 038 066 154 007 219 9973DX028 8780 010 565 148 046 012 060 054 071 104 007 127 9984Aver 8041 017 849 179 156 013 114 077 137 150 007 245 9986

which meant the tensional setting had favorableness to thedevelopment of siliceous rocks

42 Geochemical Characteristics There were geochemicalindicators of major and trace elements for siliceous rocksto identify their genesis sedimentary environments andgeological setting In the north segment of QHJB the geo-chemical composition of the siliceous rocks inDongxiang orearea was listed in Tables 2ndash4 which denoted the genesis andsedimentary environments as follows

(1)Themajor elements of the siliceous rock from Dongx-iang ore area were shown in Table 2 and they indicated thefollowing information

(a) The siliceous rocks were originated from hydrother-mal sedimentationThe siliceous rocks had SiO

2ranged from

7713 to 8780 with an average of 8041 The SiAl ratioslay between 524 and 1404 with average of 913 which werelower than those of pure siliceous rock (80 to 1400) [67] TheAl(Al + Fe +Mn) values lay between 048 and 082 (average =063) which were higher than those of typical hydrothermalsiliceous rocks with Al(Fe + Al + Mn) lt 04 [68] TheMgO content ranged from 060 to 250 (average = 114)which were higher than those of pure hydrothermal siliceousrocks [69] The FeTi ratios ranged from 1079 to 4195(average = 2570) and were basically consistent with thoseof typical hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks withFeTi gt 20 [70] The (Fe + Mn)Ti values ranged from 1083to 4512 (average = 2689) which were consistent with thoseof typical hydrothermal siliceous rock with (Fe + Mn)Ti gt20 plusmn 5 [70] The Fe

2O3FeO ratios ranged from 063 to

322 (average = 145) which were similar to those of typicalhydrothermal siliceous rock being 051 [71] As a whole thegeochemical characteristics above generally matched thoseof hydrothermal siliceous rocks and corresponded to theassociated geochemical discrimination diagrams (Figures7(a) 7(b) and 7(c)) Additionally some of the geochemicalindicators such as the Al(Al + Fe + Mn) values and theMgO contents deviated slightly from those values exhibitedby classic hydrothermal material which possibly indicatedthe influence of terrigenous input or biological activities(Figure 7(c)) So the siliceous rocks were originated from

hydrothermal sedimentation andwere possibly influenced byterrigenous input or biological activities

(b) The siliceous rocks deposited in a basin of themarginal seaThe Al(Al + Fe +Mn) values ranged from 048to 082 (average = 063) which indicated the siliceous rocks ofthemarginal sea [42]TheMnOTiO

2ratios ranged from003

to 246 (average = 092) which were approximately consistentwith those of siliceous rocks formed in the marginal sea[74] The Al(Al + Fe) values lay between 050 and 082(average = 064) which were consistent with those of beddedsiliceous rocks in themarginal seas [69]TheAl

2O3(Al2O3+

Fe2O3) values ranged from 070 to 090 (average = 082)

which were consistent with those of typical siliceous rockwith Al

2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3) gt 07 from the continental

margins [73] So these geochemical characteristics denotedthe siliceous rocks deposited in the marginal sea which wasstrongly supported by the associated geochemical discrimi-nation diagrams (Figures 8(a) and 8(b))

(c) The siliceous rocks had close relationship with vol-canic activity The K

2ONa2O ratios ranged from 023 to

253 (average = 146) and the samples with K2ONa2O lt 1

agreed with those of the typical siliceous rocks related tosubmarine volcanism [69] The SiO

2(K2O + Na

2O) values

ranged from 1626 to 8540 (average = 3505) which wereapproximately consistent with those of siliceous rock arisingfrom chemical sedimentation related to volcanic eruptions[75] The SiO

2Al2O3ratios ranged from 594 to 1593

(average = 1035) which approximately corresponded tothose of siliceous rock originated from magmatism withSiO2Al2O3lt 137 [76] The SiO

2MgO ratios ranged from

3164 to 15455 (average = 8891) which were slightly higherthan that of typical siliceous rocks related tomagmatismwithSiO2MgO lt 695 [76] The Al

2O3TiO2ratios ranged from

4277 to 5773 (average = 5003) which were consistent withthose of siliceous rock with source area of magmatic rock[44] In conclusion the siliceous rock was shown to have gen-esis related to magmatism which was strongly supported bythe geochemical discrimination diagrams (Figures 9(a) and9(b)) Additionally there were slight biological contributionsin the siliceous rocks (Figure 9(a)) So the sedimentation forthe siliceous rocks was affected by the volcanic eruption


Table3Tracee

lementanalysis

result(times10minus6 )andrelated

geochemicalindicesfor

siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults

(times10minus6 )andrelated


siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec

omefrom120575Ce=CeCelowast=Ce N

(La

NtimesPr

N)1

2and120575Eu=EuEulowast

=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)

Boundary of Qin-Hangjoint beltDivision of three segments

Qin-Hang joint beltAdministrative boundaryof provinceCity

Locality of siliceous rock

(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)

Administrative boundaryof province


N

(b)

Figure 6 Distribution of siliceous rocks in large scale in Southeast China ((a) Caledonian period (b) Hercynian period)

(2) The trace elements of the siliceous rock from Dongx-iang ore area were presented in Table 3 and they mainlyindicated the following information

(a) The siliceous rocks were hydrothermal genesis withpossible terrigenous influences The Ba content ranged from11522 times 10

minus6 to 257285 times 10minus6 (average = 100861 times 10minus6)which was higher than that of typical crustal rocks withaverage Ba content of 707 times 10minus6 [77] The U content rangedfrom 204 times 10minus6 to 1091 times 10minus6 (average = 442 times 10minus6) andwas higher than that of typical crustal rocks with average Ucontent of 130times10minus6 [77]These geochemical characteristicsagreedwith those found in typical hydrothermal sedimentarysiliceous rocks [78] The BaSr ratios ranged from 584 to11017 (average = 3334) which agreed with hydrothermalsiliceous rocks with BaSr gt 1 [79] The V(V + Ni) valuesranged from 010 to 090 (average = 051) which denoted areductive environmentwithV(V+Ni)gt 046 [80] Howeverthe UTh ratios ranged from 022 to 291 (average = 087)which were slightly lower than those of typical hydrothermalsediments [44] According to this the siliceous rocks wereshown to be hydrothermal genesis and this was supportedby the plotting in Mn-10 times (Cu + Co + Ni)-Fe discrimina-tion diagram (Figure 10) In addition the samples deviatedfrom the typical hydrothermal sediments (Figure 10) whichpossibly indicated the effect of terrigenous materials orvolcanic input So the siliceous rocks were originated fromhydrothermal sedimentation whichwere possibly affected bythe terrigenousmaterials or the volcanic input to some extent

(b) The siliceous rocks deposited in a basin of marginalsea The siliceous rocks have ScTh ratios ranging from 055to 433 (average = 119) which were consistent with those ofsiliceous rocks of marginal seas (ScTh gt 1) [44] The UThratios ranged from 022 to 291 with an average of 087 and

some of them were higher than those of siliceous rock ofmarginal seas [44] The SrBa ratios ranged from 002 to 017(average = 007) which agreed with those of siliceous rocksformed in the basin of a deep ocean or a shallow ocean inretention with SrBa lt 1 [82] According to V(V + Ni) valuesaveraged 051 the sedimentary basin was oxygen deficientwhich denoted the SrBa ratios should indicate siliceousrocks of a deep ocean basin Additionally the siliceousrocks plotted in Ti-V discrimination diagram (Figure 11(a))indicated the depositional ocean basin circumstance andtended to be nearer to the basin of a marginal sea in theTiV-VY discrimination diagram (Figure 11(b)) This meantthe siliceous rocks deposited in an ocean basin which wasrelatively far away from the continent itself So the siliceousrock should have been formed in a limited ocean basin in itswidth which had also been proposed by the literature [83] Inconclusion the siliceous rocks were formed in an ocean basinwith limited width

(3) The rare earth elements of the siliceous rock fromDongxiang ore area were shown in Table 4 and could indicatethe following information

(a) The siliceous rocks were originated from hydrother-mal sedimentation and the sedimentary system was possiblyaffected by terrigenous input The ΣREE values ranged from3021 times 10

minus6 to 16416 times 10minus6 (average = 9246 times 10minus6)which agreedwith those of typical hydrothermal sedimentarysiliceous rocks with ΣREE lt 200 times 10minus6 [85] Normalizedby the PAAS [65] the (LaYb)N values ranged from 010to 147 (average = 084) and this was consistent with thoseof typical hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock with(LaYb)N lt 1 [43] Additionally some samples with relativelyhigher (LaYb)N values possibly indicated terrigenous inputduring the hydrothermal sedimentation which was possibly


Deep sea sedimentation

Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T

iO2 Biologically deposited

siliceous rocks

Hydrothermal sedimentarysiliceous rocks

I

II

(b)

Biologically depositedsiliceous rocks


I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)

Figure 7 Major element discrimination diagrams for siliceous rocks of Dongxiang area ((a) after [72] (b) after [73])

contributed by the continent of magmatic differentiation orcrustal contamination [86] Normalized by PAAS (Figure12(a)) the REE patterns were shown to be rich in HREEleft-leaning positive Eu anomaly and slightly negative Ceanomaly which agreed with those of hydrothermal sedi-mentary siliceous rocks Besides there were also REE pat-terns deviated from those of typical hydrothermal sedimen-tary siliceous rocks partially (Figure 12(b)) which possiblyreflected that the sedimentation system had been affectedby nonhydrothermal material or volcanic activity One ofthem was weakly right-leaning with an obvious positive Eu

anomaly while the other was left-leaningwith aweak positiveEu anomaly So the hydrothermal sedimentation acted asthe predominant mechanism for these siliceous rocks andthe hydrothermal sedimentation process was also affected byterrigenous materials or volcanic inputs

(b)The siliceous rocks deposited in awidth-limited oceanbasin of a marginal sea The ΣREE values had an average of9246times 10

minus6 which was close to that of siliceous rock formedin the marginal sea [43] Normalized by the PAAS [65] the(LaYb)N values ranged from 010 to 147 (average = 084)which matched those of siliceous rocks formed both in


0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region

Al2O3(Al2O3 + Fe2O3)

Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)

Figure 8 Major element discrimination diagrams for siliceous rocks of Dongxiang area (after [73])

0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100


Tuffaceoussiliceous rock

MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)

Al2O3 (times10minus6)

Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)


Volcanogenicsiliceous rock

1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)

Figure 9 Major element discrimination diagram of siliceous rocks of Dongxiang area (after [73])

marginal sea or ocean basins [43] The 120575Ce value rangedfrom 092 to 098 (average = 094) which was consistent withsiliceous rock of marginal sea with 120575Ce from 083 to 133 [85]The (LaCe)N values ranged from098 to 109 (average = 106)which agreed with those of siliceous rock from amarginal sea[73]The 120575Eu values ranged from 108 to 265 (average = 204)which were much higher than those of siliceous rock fromthe MOR with 120575Eu being 135 [85] The (LaLu)N values

ranged from 009 to 126 (average = 074) which wereconsistent with those of siliceous rock from marginal seawith (LaLu)N values being 079 [85] The siliceous rockshad obvious negative Ce anomaly in the middle ocean ridge[43 87] which was not apparent in the littoral siliceous rocksTherefore the weak negative Ce anomaly in the siliceousrocks denoted that they were possibly formed at the basin ofa marginal sea (Figure 12(a)) which was strongly supported


Nonhydrothermalsedimentation

Hydrothermal sedimentation MnFe

( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni

Figure 10 Major element discrimination diagram of siliceous rocksin Dongxiang area (after [81])

by theAl2O3(Al2O3+Fe2O3)-(LaCe)N diagram (Figure 13)

So the siliceous rock deposited in an ocean basin of amarginal sea

43 XRD Analysis The 120572-quartz were shown to be the majormineral in the X-ray powder diffraction result (Figure 14(a))which had two kinds of cell parameters (Figure 14(b)) Therewere trace impurities such as minerals of carbonate andclay which were concealed due to their lower concentrationsThe first kind of 120572-quartz (Qtz) was hexagonal with spacegroup P3121(152) whose crystal cell parameters were 119886 =119887 = 4913 A 119888 = 5405 A and 119885 = 3 The secondkind of 120572-quartz (Qtzl) was rhombohedral with space groupP3221(154) whose crystal cell parameters were 119886 = 119887 =4914 A 119888 = 5406 A and119885 = 3 In comparisonwith standardminerals the first kind of quartz belonged to standard120572-quartz with cell parameters119886 = 119887 = 4913 A 119888 = 5405 Aand 119885 = 3 while the crystal cell parameters of the other 120572-quartz (Qtzl) were a little longer than those of the standard120572-quartz

The 120572-quartz with lengthening cell parameter was possi-bly originated from the isomorphous substitution of impurityelements The crystal cell parameters were similar if theywere formed in identical evolution processes with similarcircumstances According to the literature [88 89] changes inthe crystal cell parameters can be contributed by temperature[90] stress [91] transformation into different crystal forms[92] and isomorphous substitution [93] However only theisomorphous substitution could lengthen the cell parameterwhich would be the most possible mechanism for the 120572-quartz (Qtzl) with lengthening cell parameters So thelengthening cell parameters of 120572-quartz possibly came fromthe isomorphous substitution of impurity elements

44 Microarea Analysis The siliceous rocks were originatedfrom hydrothermal sedimentation In the EBSD imagesthe brightness is in positive correlation with the protonnumber of those elements comprising the minerals [8889 94] According to this the low proton number in theSiO2minerals implied low brightness and dark colour while

the clay minerals and metal sulphides had higher brightnesswith a whiter colour because of their larger proton numbersIn this study the siliceous rock was mainly composed ofsilica mineral (Figures 15(a) and 15(b)) a scattering of felsicminerals (Figures 15(a) and 15(c)) and metal sulphides (suchas pyrite) (Figures 15(a) and 15(d)) Additionally the carbonelement in the EDS analysis data is brought during the sampleproduction process The silica mineral (quartz) was low incrystallinity less automorphic and fine-grained with typi-cally close-packed texture (Figure 15(a)) This phenomenonmatched the hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rockswhichprecipitated from the hydrothermal water and crystallisedrapidly Furthermore there were straight boundaries for thepyrite with scattered distribution (Figures 15(a) and 15(c))which contributed to evidence of sedimentary genesis as wellas the siliceous rocks

5 Discussion

51 Provenance and Genesis Siliceous rocks in the Dongx-iang area originated from hydrothermal sedimentation asis strongly supported by both microfabric and geochemicalcharacteristics The authigenic quartz of the siliceous rocksdisplays low crystallinity and less automorphismwith a close-packed texture (Figures 4(c) 4(d) 15(a) and 15(b)) Thethimbleful impurity minerals have a scattered distributionwhich originated from syndeposition (Figures 15(a) 15(c)and 15(d)) These microfabric characteristics agree with ahydrothermal genesis and they also indicate that the primaryprecipitation rate of silica was too high to crystallise Thesiliceous SiO

2content ranges from 7713 to 8780 (aver-

age = 8041) which is in agreement with hydrothermalgenesis In addition their Ba averaged 100861 times 10minus6 Uaveraged 442times10minus6 and ΣREE values averaged 9246times10minus6The siliceous rocks originated from hydrothermal sedimen-tation as proven by the FeTi ratios that averaged 2570 theFe2O3FeO ratios that averaged 145 the BaSr ratios that

averaged 3334 the V(V + Ni) value that averaged 051the (LaYb)N ratios that averaged 084 and plotting in thehydrothermal category (Figures 7(a) 7(b) 7(c) 10 and 12)However there were terrigenous materials or volcanic inputsduring the hydrothermal sedimentation which is supportedby the MgO contents averaging 114 SiAl ratios averaging913 Al(Al + Fe + Mn) values averaging 063 and UThratios averaging 087 In addition the terrigenous materialsor volcanic inputs possibly contributed to lengthening cellparameters of the 120572-quartz with isomorphous substitution ofimpurity elements (Figure 14(b)) which was also indicatedby the existence of nonsilica impurities as well as the felsicminerals in the EBSD images (Figures 15(a) and 15(c)) Insummary the microfabric and geochemical characteristicsstrongly support a hydrothermal genesis for the siliceousrocks in the Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore area Thesiliceous rock arose from hydrothermal sedimentation andthe terrigenous or volcanic materials also contributed to thehydrothermal sedimentation to some extent Additionallythe siliceous rocks of Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt in otherpublished papers [48ndash50 59 95ndash97] all strongly supported


0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)

Figure 11 Trace element discrimination diagram by formation environment for siliceous rocks from Dongxiang (after [84])

(a) (b)

Figure 12 PAAS normalized REE patterns for siliceous rocks from Dongxiang

the hydrothermal genesis of siliceous rocks Therefore thesedimentary siliceous rocks in the Dongxiang area originatedfrom hydrothermal sedimentation

There were slight contributions from biological activityduring the hydrothermal sedimentation The hydrothermalactivities brought in a large number of the other elementswith strong silicon affinity [98] and facilitated biologicalgrowth of a large quantity of biological organisms [99]Theseorganisms carried nonhydrothermal substances because oftheir lengthy migration and particular elemental needs (egsee [100]) and their deaths or metabolites joined in the depo-sition process with the hydrothermal sedimentThis was whythere were some samples falling into the biological categories

(Figures 7(c) and 9(a)) Although there was biological activityduring the hydrothermal sedimentation the contributionwas too weak to affect the majority of the geochemicalcharacteristics Thus the siliceous rocks have manifestlyhydrothermal genesis with slight biological influences overtheir geochemical characteristics

52 Formation Environment The QHJB had a rift trough inthe north segment and a subductional ocean basin in thesouth segmentThe siliceous rocks in the Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore area were formed in a basin of the marginalsea as strongly supported by its geochemical characteristicsincluding an Al(Al + Fe + Mn) values averaging 063


Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N

Figure 13 Major elements and REE discrimination diagram byformation environment for siliceous rocks from Dongxiang (after[73])

MnOTiO2values averaging 092 Al

2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)

values averaging 082 ScTh ratios averaging 119 SrBaratios averaging 007 ΣREE values averaging 9246 times 10minus6120575Ce values averaging 094 120575Eu values averaging 204 and(LaLu)N ratios averaging 074 In the geochemical discrim-ination diagrams the siliceous rocks also fell into the basinof the marginal sea (Figures 8(a) 8(b) 11(b) and 13) Thedeposition occurred further away from the continent as theUTh ratios averaged 087 and (LaYb)N ratios averaged 084which suggests an ocean basin as the most likely depositionalsite According to the Ti-V and TiV-VY diagrams (Figures11(a) and 11(b)) there is also evidence that the siliceousrocks formed in a basin of the marginal sea Thereforethe siliceous rock in the Dongxiang area was most likelyformed in general in a basin of the marginal sea This oceanbasin was limited in its width [83] which was possibly a rifttrough due to the tensional setting [31] In this study theNeopalaeozoic tensional setting was indicated by the large-scale development of Hercynian siliceous rocks (Figure 5)and the terrigenous input taking part in the sedimentationof Devonian siliceous to the basin was too narrow to rejectthe transference of materials from the continent to the basinAlthough the siliceous rocks weakly exhibited deposition inthe ocean basin category (Figure 11(a)) they were most likelyaffected by the magmatic activities during the Neopalaeozoicrifting According to this there should not be an ocean basinwith subduction in the north segment of the QHJB and thehomochronous subduction of ocean basin [35] was possiblyonly in the south segment Therefore the QHJB separatingthe Yangtze and Cathaysian plates was diverse in differentsegments whichmeant a rift trough in the north segment andan ocean basin with subduction in the south segment

The ocean basin of the QHJB had a limited width in thenorth and middle segments Together with the conjoiningof Yangtze and Cathaysian ancient land crusts the oceanbasin of QHJB was closed in the Silurian [33] Then theNeodevonian uniform sedimentary veneer covered both theYangtze and Cathaysian blocks which is a disconformityin the Silurian strata [34] Based on the ophiolitic melangein northeast Jiangxi province [28] and the Neopalaeozoicsubduction in the south segment [35] there should be anarrow ocean basin that formed during rifting in a NEdirection of theQHJB [56]This ocean basinwas composed ofthe Pingle depression and Qiantang depression in the northsegment which extended to Jiangxi province south Hunanprovince and ultimately theQin-Fang ocean trough in south-east Guangxi province Although there was an ocean basinthe width of the basin was too limited to resist the influenceof terrigenous clastics Because of the terrigenous materialssome samples deviated from the category of hydrothermalsedimentary siliceous rocks (Figures 7(a) 10 and 12(b))According to the discrimination diagrams (Figures 16(a)and 16(b)) the Carboniferous siliceous rocks in the northsegment and the Permian siliceous rocks in the middlesegment (Figure 2(a)) all fell into the marginal sea categorywhich indicates that the ocean basin was too limited becauseit came into being in both the north and middle segmentsIn addition the north and middle segments were possiblyrelatively conformable inwidthHence the ocean basin of thenorth and middle segments was limited in its width whichwas too narrow to prevent the terrigenous sediment fromjoining the hydrothermal sedimentation process

53 Hydrothermal Metallogenesis Close relationships wereexhibited between the siliceous rocks and the metal orestrata Many ore deposits are distributed in the joint beltbetween diverse plates or terranes [101 102] and the QHJBis per se not exceptional [31 36] In the QHJB there aremany Neopalaeozoic metal sulphide deposits [103] that wereformed in the taphrogenesis depression zone with territorialfracturing as the ore-controlling structure Many of these oredeposits display close links with siliceous rocks that belongto VMS-type deposits [104] such as the metal sulphide oredeposits in areas of Yongping [105] Dongxiang [48] andLehua [106] This indicates the close relationship betweenmetallogenesis and siliceous rocks especially for the goldore deposits and copper-polymetallic ore deposits [38] Inthe Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore deposit the strataof siliceous rocks were distributed at the top of metal sul-phide ore bodies or siliceous iron strata (Figure 3(b)) whichdenotes that the formation of metal sulphide (or siliceousiron) strata is generally followed by the silica strata as a series

The siliceous rocks and metal sulphides both originatedfrom hydrothermal sedimentation and their formation had aclose relationship with volcanism During the hydrothermalsedimentation process the volcanic magma could provideboth energy and materials [107 108] In this study thesiliceous rocks indicated a tensional setting with siliceousrocks developing at a large scale (Figure 5) and the widedistribution of Neopalaeozoic siliceous rocks denoted a ten-sional setting in the Hercynian (Figure 6(b)) The tensional


2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200

998771 Qtz Qtzln Overlap

(b)

Figure 14 XRD diagram for siliceous rock from Dongxiang ((a) primary analytical result (b) minerals matched their eight characteristicpeaks)

setting facilitated magmatic activities that could provide thehydrothermal sedimentation with energy and possible mate-rial sources This is strongly supported by the hydrothermalvolcanic contribution of siliceous rocks which is indicated bythe SiO

2(K2O + Na

2O) values averaging 3505 Al

2O3TiO2

ratios averaging 5003 and the associated geochemical dis-crimination diagrams (Figures 9(a) and 9(b)) In additionthe K

2ONa2O and SiO

2MgO values deviate from those

of typical volcanic siliceous rock which is possibly becauseof the contribution of biological factors (Figure 9(a)) andterrigenous inputs Similar to the geological characteristics ofanother ore deposit in the nearby Yongping area (Figure 3(a))[105 109] these ore deposits had 206Pb204Pb ratios rangingfrom 17351 to 18309 207Pb206Pb ratios ranging from 15416 to15661 and 208Pb204Pb values ranging from 37703 to 38331Thus the lead isotope values indicated sources betweenthe upper crust and mantle and the formation was datedfrom 330Ma to 609Ma In addition the 12057534S values rangedfrom minus102permil to +27permil which agreed with those of themassive sulphide deposits in volcanic thermal springs Aswith classic VMS deposits [107 110 111] the aforementionedgeochemical Yongping characteristics indicated that the ore-forming metal elements came from both volcanic rocks andlower strata whereas the elemental sulphur came from theconvective sea water Thus both the siliceous rocks and themetal sulphides arose fromhydrothermal sedimentation andthe ore-forming metal elements originated from the lowerstrata and volcanic rocks During the convection process theconvective seawater heated by the lowermagmatism leachedthe ore-forming metal materials from the lower strata andvolcanic rocks Ultimately the ore-forming metal materialswere precipitated when the hydrothermal water was mixedwith the cold seawater with decreasing solubility

54 Sedimentary Sequence Thehydrothermal sedimentationprocess evolved cyclically because of the release of internalenergy The current hydrothermal activities at the ocean bot-tom were divided into high-temperature black smoker activ-ity (hydrothermal water including mainly massive sulphide)at 400∘C to 350∘C medium-temperature white smoker activ-ity (hydrothermal water including silica barite and gypsumamong other minerals) at 300 to 100∘C and low-temperaturespillway activity (hydrothermal water including pure silica)at below 100∘C [112] The siliceous rocks and metal sulphideswere thus formed at different temperatures which involves adifferent evolution process with hydrothermal sedimentationat different temperatures According to the geological sketchhistogram (Figure 3(b)) the siliceous rocks were present inalternating layers as were wall rocks and metal sulphide(or siliceous iron) strata and the strata of siliceous rocksoverlaid conformably the massive sulphide or siliceous ironformation all the time At the bottom of the sulphide stratathere were conformable tuff strata that overlaid the marinevolcanic rocks As a whole there were several sedimentarycycles in the Dongxiang ore deposit and each of the cyclespossibly involved marine volcanic rocks volcanic tuff metalsulphide and siliceous rocks from the bottom to the topThus the hydrothermal sedimentary strata as well as theother sedimentary rocks display periodic sedimentation inthe Dongxiang area including siliceous rocks and massivemetal sulphides

Sedimentary cycles act as an indication of interior dyna-mic geological evolution From the bottom to the top eachsedimentary cycle included marine volcanic rock volcanictuff ore strata (including massive sulphide or siliceous iron)and siliceous rock The normal marine sedimentary rocks(eg limestone mudstone or clastic rocks) were formed


(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)

Figure 15 EBSD images and EDS result of the siliceous rock from Dongxiang

at the end of the continuous sedimentary sequence whichwas related to the interior dynamic geological evolutionTherefore the sedimentary sequence in the Dongxiang areacould be divided into several cycles that represent the releaseof energy from the inner earth In every normal sedimentarycycle the internal energy was released rapidly at first withhigh intensity and then slowed down gradually as the cyclecontinued The initial energy released was stronger with thevolcanic eruption and associated ash and this contributed tothe development of volcanic rocks followed by the volcanicbreccias or tuff at the ocean bottom After the volcaniceruption there was high-temperature hydrothermal waterwith the metal sulphides as the main precipitation The ore

strata were formed at this time When the release of energyfrom the inner earth became less violent the hydrothermalwater changed to become silica-rich and lacking in metalsulphides with a relatively lower temperature In additionthe sedimentary sequences for the hydrothermal activitiesshould be distinct if they arose from different geologicalsettings If the volcanism was too weak to produce volcanicash or stagnates and was suddenly without volcanic ashthe volcanic tuff layer would disappear with a sedimentarysequence includingmarine volcanic rock massive sulphidesand siliceous rocks In another scenario if the energy comingfrom interior magmatism was too weak to ensure a high-temperature sulphide smoker immediately after the volcanic


Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08

Middle segmentNorth segment

-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)

Figure 16 Discrimination diagram of the north and middle QHJB (data of middle segment from [96] north segment data from this paper)

eruption theremight be a sedimentary sequencewithmarinerocks volcanic tuff and siliceous rocks from the bottomto the top In conclusion the marine sedimentary rocksincluding those marine volcanic rocks volcanic tuff metalsulphides and siliceous rocks were contributed by the releaseof internal energy from the earth and their combinedsequences represent the cyclic release of internal energy

6 Conclusions

(1) The siliceous rocks originated from hydrothermal sed-imentation The siliceous rocks had SiO

2contents ranging

from 7713 to 8780 with an average of 8041 andexhibited hydrothermal genesis for their quartz grains withlow crystallinity less automorphism and a close-packedtexture Identifiably hydrothermal characteristics were alsoobserved in the geochemical composition such as the Baaveraging 100861 times 10minus6 U averaging 442 times 10minus6 ΣREEvalues averaging 9246 times 10minus6 FeTi ratios averaging 2570Al(Al + Fe +Mn) values averaging 063 (Fe +Mn)Ti valuesaveraging 2689 Fe

2O3FeO ratios averaging 145 BaSr ratios

averaging 3334 and (LaYb)N values averaging 084(2) The Neopalaeozoic Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt

was diverse in different segments and the siliceous rocksof the north Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint belt were depositedin a basin of the marginal sea The siliceous rocks wereformed in the marginal sea which is indicated byMnOTiO

2

ratios averaging 092 Al(Al + Fe) values averaging 064ScTh ratios averaging 119 UTh ratios averaging 087 and120575Ce values averaging 094 In addition the ocean basin

of the north and middle segments of Qinzhou-Hangzhoujoint belt was limited in its width without subduction andaccordingly could not resist terrigenous input during thehydrothermal sedimentation

(3) The siliceous rock exhibited close relationships withvolcanic activity which could provide energy and materialsources The hydrothermal sedimentation of the siliceousrocks was influenced by volcanic activity and this wasindicated by SiO

2(K2O + Na

2O) values averaging 3505 and

Al2O3TiO2values averaging 5003 The sedimentary rocks

of the Dongxiang copper-polymetallic ore deposit are theproduct of the release of internal earth energy and theiralternative existence represents cyclical earth energy release

(4) There are two types of cell parameters for the 120572-quartz grains In the siliceous rocks the majority mineralwas 120572-quartz with two types of crystal cell parameters Thefirst type of 120572-quartz had Pdf card number 75-0443 andspace group P3121(152) with agreement to standard 120572-quartzwhereas the other type of 120572-quartz had Pdf card number 65-0466 and space group P3221(154) with slightly elongated cellparameters

Acknowledgments

This study is financially supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (Grant 41303025) the 973 Pro-gram of China (Grant 2012CB406601) the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (Grant 41373025 41273040)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (GrantS2013010012528) and the Subject and Special Fund of


the Ministry of Science and Technology of The State KeyLaboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant GPMR200804)

References

[1] M G Yang Law and Prediction for Metallogenesis of Luoxiao-Wuyi Uplift and Chenzhou-Shangrao Sag Geological pressBeijing China 1998

[2] J S Ren T Y Chen Z G Liu B G Niu and F R LiuldquoSeveral question to geotectonic in South Chinardquo ChineseSicence Bulletin no 1 pp 49ndash51 1986

[3] J S Ren ldquoNew view to geotectonic evolution of East China andits neighbouring areardquo Regional Geology of China no 4 pp289ndash300 1989

[4] J S Ren ldquoOn the geotectonocs of Southern Chinardquo ActaGeological Sinica vol 64 no 4 pp 275ndash288 1990

[5] B Xu ldquoDiscussion on trench arc basin system in NortheastJiangxi-South Anhui Provincerdquo Acta Geologica Sinica no 1 pp33ndash41 1990

[6] L Z Guo L S Shu H F Lu et al ldquoA synthetical review onresearch advances on the terrane tectonics in Chinardquo Journal ofNanjing University vol 36 no 1 pp 1ndash17 2000

[7] L Z Guo S Shi Yang R Ma Y S Fu and H Lu ldquoStudyon terrane structure in Southeast Chinardquo Journal of NanjingUniversity vol 20 no 4 pp 732ndash737 1984

[8] D G Yu T Y Guan and G F Huang Characteristics of LateProterozoic Rift System and Formation and Evolution of Jinning-Caledon Sea Basin South(East) China Atomic Energy PressBeijing China 2000

[9] C M Bao H G Xu and G H Chen ldquoThe division andcorrelation of South China orogen stratigraphy and discussionof Nanhua system base boundaryrdquo Resources Survey amp Environ-ment vol 23 no 2 pp 84ndash87 2002

[10] Y Zeng and M G Yang ldquoCentral Jiangxi collision melangezonerdquo Regional Geology of China vol 18 no 1 pp 17ndash22 1999

[11] J H Xu and Q X He ldquoShell plate tectonic mode and collisionalorogenrdquo Science in China A no 11 pp 1081ndash1089 1980

[12] J H Xu ldquoSeveral questions of geotectonic in South ChinardquoGeological Science and Technology Information vol 6 no 2 pp13ndash27 1987

[13] L J Li Jiliang S S Sun Shu K J Hsu C H Chen HaihongP H Peng Haipo and W Q Wang Qingchen ldquoNew evidenceabout the evolution of the South Cathay orogenic beltrdquo ScientiaGeologica Sinica vol 2 no 3 pp 217ndash225 1989

[14] L S Shu Y S Shi L Z Guo J Charvet and Y Sun CentralPlate in JiangnanmdashTerrane Structure and Collisional OrogenyKinematics Nanjing University Press Nanjing China 1995

[15] Z X Li X H Li P D Kinny and J Wang ldquoThe breakup ofRodinia did it start with amantle plume beneath SouthChinardquoEarth and Planetary Science Letters vol 173 no 3 pp 171ndash1811999

[16] D K Xie R S Ma Y S Zhang et al Growth Process ofSouth China Continental Crust and Mantle Plume StructureGeological Press Beijing China 1996

[17] Tectonic map compiling group Institute of geology Academiasinica ldquoA preliminary note on the basic tectonic features andtheir developments in Chinardquo Chinese Journal of Geology no 1pp 1ndash17 1974

[18] J H Xu S Sun and J L Li ldquoBe orogen in South China notSouth China platformrdquo Science in China B vol 17 no 10 pp1107ndash1115 1987

[19] F H Lou Z Z Huang Z R Song and X H Wu ldquoGeotectonicevolutionmodal of themiddle-new proterozoic orogenic belt inthe central part of SouthChinardquoGeological Survey andResearchvol 26 no 4 pp 200ndash206 2003

[20] R S Ma ldquoNew thought about the tectonic evolution of theSouth China with discussion on several problems of thecathaysian old landrdquo Geological Journal of China Universitiesvol 12 no 4 pp 448ndash456 2006

[21] B Xia ldquoA study on geochemical characteristic and emplacedstyle of two different ophiolites of later proterzoic xuefeng stagein the Longsheng regions Guangxi Southeast Chinardquo Journal ofNanjing University no 3 pp 554ndash566 1984

[22] X-H Li J-X Zhao M T McCulloch G-Q Zhou and F-M Xing ldquoGeochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic study of neopro-terozoic ophiolites from Southeastern China petrogenesis andtectonic implicationsrdquo Precambrian Research vol 81 no 1-2 pp129ndash144 1997

[23] S Peng Z Jin J Fu L HeM Cai and Y Liu ldquoThe geochemicalevidences and tectonic significance of neoproterozoic ophiolitein Yunkai area Western Guangdong Province Chinardquo ActaGeologica Sinica vol 80 no 6 pp 814ndash825 2006

[24] X M Zhou and D Z Wang ldquoThe peraluminous granodioriteswith low initial sim(87)Srsim(86)Sr ratio and their genesis inSouthern Anhui Province Eastern Chinardquo Acta PetrologicaSinica no 3 pp 37ndash45 1988

[25] X M Zhou H B Zou J D Yang and Y X Wang ldquoSm-Ndisochronous age of Fuchuan ophiolite suite in Shexian countyAnhui Province and its geological significancerdquo Chinese ScienceBulletin no 3 p 208 1990

[26] X M Zhou Y H Zhu and J G Chen ldquoDiscovery of ultramaficobiculite and its genesisrdquo Chinese Science Bulletin vol 35 no 8pp 604ndash606 1990

[27] H R Wu ldquoTectonopalaeogeographic analysis of the geologicproblems related to ophiolitic belt in Northeastern JiangxiProvincerdquo Journal of Palaeogeography vol 5 no 3 pp 328ndash3422003

[28] C Zhao K He X Mo et al ldquoDiscovery and its significanceof late paleozoic radiolarian silicalite in ophiolitic melange ofNortheastern Jiangxi deep fault beltrdquo Chinese Science Bulletinvol 41 no 8 pp 667ndash670 1996

[29] J Zhou X Wang J Qiu and J Gao ldquoLithogeochemistry ofmeso- and neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks from North-ern Guangxirdquo Acta Petrologica Sinica vol 19 no 1 pp 9ndash182003

[30] X F Qin F S Zhou G A Hu et al ldquoFirst discovery of MORBvolcanic rock and its tectonic significance on the North Marginof the Yunkai Block Southeastern Guangxirdquo Geological Scienceand Technology Information vol 24 no 3 pp 20ndash24 2005

[31] J W Mao M H Chen S D Yuan and C L Guo ldquoGeologicalcharacteristics of the Qinhang (or Shihang) metallogenic beltin South China and spatial-temporal distribution regularity ofMineral depositsrdquo Acta Geologica Sinica vol 85 no 5 pp 636ndash658 2011

[32] L S Shu ldquoPredevonian tectonic evolution of South China fromcathaysian block to caledonian period folded orogenic beltrdquoGeological Journal of China Universities vol 12 no 4 pp 418ndash431 2006

[33] M G Yang and Y W Mei ldquoCharacteristics of geology andmetallization in the Qinzhou-Hangzhou plaeoplate Juncturerdquo


Geology and Mineral Resource of South China vol 9 no 3 pp52ndash59 1997

[34] Z R Hu and G H Deng ldquoTectonic characteristics of theQinzhou-Hangzhou joint beltrdquo Journal of East China Instituteof Technology vol 32 no 2 pp 114ndash122 2009

[35] X F Qin Z Q Wang Y L Zhang L Z Pan G A Hu and FS Zhou ldquoGeochronology and geochemistry of Early Mesozoicacid volcanic rocks from Southwest Guangxi constraints ontectonic evolution of the southwestern segment of Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint beltrdquo Acta Petrologica Sinica vol 27 no 3 pp794ndash808 2011

[36] Y Z Zhou C Y Zeng H Z Li et al ldquoGeological evolutionand ore-prospecting targets in southern segment of QinzhouBay-Hangzhou bay juncture orogenic beltrdquo Geological Bulletinof China vol 31 no 2-3 pp 32ndash37 2012

[37] J Liang H Z Li and C Y Zeng ldquoDiscussion onmetallogenesisinhomogeneity of Qin-Hang metallogenic beltrdquo Geology andTectonic p 288 2011

[38] H Z Li Chert sedimentary system and its indications ontectonic evolution petrogenesis and mineralization in Northernand Southern Margins of Yangtze Platform China [PhD disser-tation] Sun Yat-Sen university Guangzhou China 2012

[39] J Liang Y Z Zhou H Z Li et al ldquoGeological characteristicsand genesis of porphyry copper deposits in Qin-Hang suturezone South Chinardquo Acta Petrologica Sinica vol 28 no 10 pp3361ndash3372 2012

[40] S Huang j J M Ma D and X - Len ldquoThe strontium isotopesof deep-sea siliceous rocks from earlier carboniferous to earlierpermian Qinzhou Guangxirdquo Acta Sedimentologica Sinica vol17 no 4 pp 542ndash546 1999

[41] Y-X Qiu and X-Q Liang ldquoEvolution of basin-range couplingin the Yunkai Dashan-Shiwan Dashan area Guangdong andGuangxi with a discussion of several tectonic problems ofSouth Chinardquo Geological Bulletin of China vol 25 no 3 pp340ndash347 2006

[42] M Baltuck ldquoProvenance and distribution of tethyan pelagic andhemipelagic siliceous sediments pindos mountains GreecerdquoSedimentary Geology vol 31 no 1 pp 63ndash88 1982

[43] R W Murray M R B Ten Brink D L Jones D C Gerlachand P G Russ ldquoRare earth elements as indicators of differentmarine depositional environments in chert and shalerdquo Geologyvol 18 no 3 p 268 1990

[44] G H Girty D L Ridge C Knaack D Johnson and R K Al-Riyami ldquoProvenance and depositional setting of paleozoic chertand argillite Sierra Nevada Californiardquo Journal of SedimentaryResearch vol 66 no 1 pp 107ndash118 1996

[45] H Li Y Zhou Z Yang et al ldquoGeochemical characteristics andtheir geological implications of cherts from Bafangshan-Erlihearea in Western Qinling Orogenrdquo Acta Petrologica Sinica vol25 no 11 pp 3094ndash3102 2009

[46] H Z Li Y Z Zhou L C Zhang et al ldquoStudy on geochem-istry and development mechanism of proterozoic chert fromXiongrsquoer group in SouthernRegion ofNorthChina cratonrdquoActaPetrologica Sinica vol 28 no 11 pp 3679ndash3691 2012

[47] Y Zhou W Fu Z Yang et al ldquoGeochemical characteristicsof mesozoic chert from Southern Tibet and its petrogenicimplicationsrdquoActa Petrologica Sinica vol 24 no 3 pp 600ndash6082008

[48] Y T Xu ldquoThe origin and geochemical characteristics of sedi-mentary silicalites in dongxiang mine Jiangxi Provincerdquo ActaSedimentologica Sinica vol 15 no 3 pp 110ndash114 1997

[49] Y T Xu ldquoThe geochemical characteristics of hydrothermalsediment chert of the late proterozoic era and their sedimentaryenvironmental implication in Xiqiu area Zhejiang ProvincerdquoGeochemistry vol 25 no 6 pp 600ndash608 1996

[50] X Y Xu Yuetong ldquoThe geochemical characteristics of cherts inthe Carboniferous period and their sedimentary environmentimplicationsrdquo Scientia Geological Sinica vol 33 no 1 pp 39ndash50 1998

[51] H F Ling B T Zhang W Z Shen and Z H ZhangldquoCrustal Basement evolutionof the Zhejiang-Jiangxi portionof the Jiangnan proterozoic island arc zonerdquo Geotectonica etMetallogenia vol 17 no 2 pp 147ndash152 1993

[52] S N Yang ldquoPresinian palaeotectonic framework of Yangtsemassif and its continental marginrdquo Jiangxi Geology vol 2 no2 pp 167ndash175 1988

[53] X K Zhao Z Q Yong G R Li X B Zhang G J Deng andK Li ldquoResidual basin of passive continental margin-a neglectedbasin typerdquo Oil amp Gas Geology vol 28 no 1 pp 121ndash128 2007

[54] C M Powell Z X Li and M W McElhinny ldquoPaleomagneticconstraints on timing of theNeoproterozoic breakup of Rodiniaand theCambrian formation ofGondwanardquoGeology vol 21 no10 pp 889ndash892 1993

[55] X H Li X C Wang W X Li and Z X Li ldquoPetrogenesis andtectonic significance of Neoproterozoic basaltic rocks in SouthChina from orogenesis to intracontinental riftingrdquoGeochemicavol 37 no 4 pp 382ndash398 2008

[56] H-D Chen M-C Hou W-J Liu and J-C Tian ldquoBasinevolution and sequence stratigraphic framework of South ofChina during Hercynian cycle to Indo-Chinese epochrdquo Journalof Chengdu University of Technology vol 31 no 6 pp 629ndash6352004

[57] Z X Li L H Zhang and C M Powell ldquoSouth Chinain Rodinia part of the missing link between Australia-EastAntarctica and Laurentiardquo Geology vol 23 no 5 pp 407ndash4101995

[58] G L Zhang and G C He ldquoThe tectonic geochemistry andprospecting characters of fault zone in Dongxiang copperdepositrdquoGeology and Prospecting vol 38 no 6 pp 22ndash24 2002

[59] Y Z Zhou ldquoSedimentary geochemical characteristics of chertsof Danchi basin in Guangxi Provincerdquo Acta SedimentologicaSinica no 3 pp 75ndash83 1990

[60] Guangdong Bureau of Geology and Mineral ResourcesRegional Geology of Guangdong Province Geological PublishingHouse Beijing China 1988

[61] Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Bureau ofGeology and Mineral Resources Regional Geology of GuangxiZhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Geological PublishingHouse Beijing China 1985

[62] Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources RegionalGeology of Hunan Province Geological Publishing HouseBeijing China 1988

[63] Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources RegionalGeology of Jiangxi Province Geological Publishing HouseBeijing China 1984

[64] Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources RegionalGeology of Zhejiang Province Geological Publishing HouseBeijing China 1989

[65] S M Mclennan ldquoRare earth elements in sedimentary rocksinfluences of provenance and sedimentary processes Geo-chemistry and mineralogy of rare earth elementsrdquo in Reviewsin Mineralogy B R LiPin and G A McKay Eds vol 21 pp169ndash200 1989


[66] S R Taylor and S M McLennan The Continental Crust ItsComposition and Evolution Blackwell Scientific PublicationsOxford UK 1985

[67] R W Murray M R Buchholtz Ten Brink D C GerlachG Price Russ III and D L Jones ldquoRare earth major andtrace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert andassociated host sediment assessing the influence of chemicalfractionation during diagenesisrdquo Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa vol 56 no 7 pp 2657ndash2671 1992

[68] K Bostrom and M N A Peterson ldquoThe origin of aluminum-poor ferromanganoan sediments in areas of high heat flow onthe East Pacific RiserdquoMarine Geology vol 7 no 5 pp 427ndash4471969

[69] R Sugisaki K Yamamoto and M Adachi ldquoTriassic beddedcherts in central Japan are not Pelagicrdquo Nature vol 298 no5875 pp 644ndash647 1982

[70] P A Rona ldquoHydrothermal mineralization at oceanic ridgesrdquoCanadian Mineralogist vol 26 pp 431ndash465 1988

[71] G L Zhang and H Y Cai ldquoDiscussion on origin of Dachangpolymetallic ore deposit in Guangxi Provincerdquo GeologicalReview vol 33 no 5 pp 426ndash436 1987

[72] K Yamamoto ldquoGeochemical characteristics and depositionalenvironments of cherts and associated rocks in the Franciscanand Shimanto Terranesrdquo Sedimentary Geology vol 52 no 1-2pp 65ndash108 1987

[73] R W Murray ldquoChemical criteria to identify the depositionalenvironment of chert general principles and applicationsrdquoSedimentary Geology vol 90 no 3-4 pp 213ndash232 1994

[74] MAdachi K Yamamoto andR Sugisaki ldquoHydrothermal chertand associated siliceous rocks from the Northern Pacific theirgeological significance as indication od ocean ridge activityrdquoSedimentary Geology vol 47 no 1-2 pp 125ndash148 1986

[75] T Z Tang Zhaohui and Z Y Zeng Yunfu ldquoPetrology geochem-istry and origin of cherts in the uraniferous formations middlesilurian West Qinling rangerdquo Acta Petrologica Sinica vol 2 pp62ndash71 1990

[76] F X Zhang ldquoThe recognition and exploration significanceof exhalites related to Pb-Zn mineralizations in Devonianformations inQinlingmountainsrdquoGeology and Prospecting vol25 no 5 pp 11ndash18 1989

[77] B L Weaver and J Tarney ldquoEmpirical approach to estimatingthe composition of the continental crustrdquo Nature vol 310 no5978 pp 575ndash577 1984

[78] V Marchig H Gundlach P Moller and F Schley ldquoSomegeochemical indicators for discrimination between diageneticand hydrothermal metalliferous sedimentsrdquo Marine Geologyvol 50 no 3 pp 241ndash256 1982

[79] J M Peter and S D Scott ldquoMineralogy composition and fluid-inclusionmicrothermometry of seafloor hydrothermal depositsin the southern trough of Guaymas Basin Gulf of CaliforniardquoCanadian Mineralogist vol 26 pp 567ndash587 1988

[80] KM Yarincik RWMurray TW Lyons L C Peterson andGH Haug ldquoOxygenation history of bottomwaters in the CariacoBasin Venezuela over the past 578000 years results fromredox-sensitive metals (Mo V Mn and Fe)rdquo Paleoceanographyvol 15 no 6 pp 593ndash604 2000

[81] K Bostrom T Kraemer and S Gartner ldquoProvenance andaccumulation rates of opaline silica Al Ti Fe Mn Cu Ni andCo in Pacific Pelagic sedimentsrdquo Chemical Geology vol 11 no2 pp 123ndash148 1973

[82] S H Sun H Qing Q Q X Zhang et al ldquoSedimentarygeochemistry significance of SrBa-VNiIn new exploration ofMineralrdquo in Rock and Geochemistry O Z Yuan Ed pp 128ndash130 Earthquake Publishing House Beijing China 1993

[83] X H Li ldquoGeochemical characteristics of siliceous rock ofNortheast Jiangxi Province and its tectonic significancesrdquo Sci-ence in China D vol 30 no 3 pp 284ndash290 2000

[84] R W Murray M R Buchholtz ten Brink D C Gerlach GP Russ III and D L Jones ldquoInteroceanic variation in therare earth major and trace element depositional chemistry ofchert perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP recordrdquoGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta vol 56 no 5 pp 1897ndash19131992

[85] R W Murray M R Buchholtz Ten Brink D C Gerlach G PRuss III and D L Jones ldquoRare earth major and trace elementsin chert from the Franciscan Complex and Monterey GroupCalifornia assessing REE sources to fine-grained marine sed-imentsrdquo Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta vol 55 no 7 pp1875ndash1895 1991

[86] P P Sun and S B Ni ldquoREE characteristics of basic-ultrabasicrocks from the Jingbulake belt in Xinjiangrdquo Journal of Universityof Science and Technology of China vol 38 no 4 pp 347ndash3552008

[87] H Shimizu and A Masuda ldquoCerium in chert as an indicationof marine environment of its formationrdquo Nature vol 266 no5600 pp 346ndash348 1977

[88] H-Z Li Z-J Yang Y-Z Zhou et al ldquoMicrofabric charac-teristics of cherts of Bafangshan-Erlihe Pb-Zn ore field in thewestern Qinling orogenrdquo Earth Science vol 34 no 2 pp 299ndash306 2009

[89] H-Z Li Y-Z Zhou Z-J Yang et al ldquoDiagenesis and metal-logenesis evolution of chert in west Qinling orogenic belt acase fromBafangshan-Erlihe Pb-Zn ore depositrdquo Journal of JilinUniversity vol 41 no 3 pp 715ndash723 2011

[90] M A Carpenter E K H Salje A Graeme-Barber B WruckM T Dove and K S Knight ldquoCalibration of excess thermody-namic properties and elastic constant variations associated withthe 120572-120573 phase transition in quartzrdquo American Mineralogist vol83 no 1-2 pp 2ndash22 1998

[91] B Olinger and P M Halleck ldquoThe compression of quartzrdquoJournal of Geophysical Research vol 81 no 32 pp 5711ndash57141976

[92] D Y Ge H X Tian and R G Zeng Oryctognosy ConciseTutorial Geological Press Beijing China 2006

[93] O W Florke B Kohler-Herbertz K Langer and I TongesldquoWater in microcrystalline quartz of volcanic origin agatesrdquoContributions to Mineralogy and Petrology vol 80 no 4 pp324ndash333 1982

[94] H Z Li Y Z Zhou Z J Yang et al ldquoA study of micro-area compositional characteristics and the evolution of chertsfrom Bafangshan-Erlihe Pb-Zn ore deposit in Western Qinlingorogenrdquo Earth Science Frontiers vol 17 no 4 pp 290ndash298

[95] Z ZWang D Z Chen and J GWang ldquoElement geochemistryand depositional setting of the chert inDevonian nanning areaGuangxirdquo Acta Sedimentologica Sinica vol 25 no 2 pp 239ndash245 2007

[96] H Huang G ZWang X G Tuo Y JWang G H Long and YY Chen ldquoGeochemistry characters and geological significanceof the late paleozoic chert in jiangnan orogenic beltrdquo Bulletin ofMineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry vol 32 no 5 pp 567ndash573 2013


[97] Y T TianQ L Feng andQ Li ldquoThepetrogenesis and sedimen-tary environment of the Bedded cherts from upper permiandalong formation Southwest Guangxirdquo Acta SedimentologicaSinica vol 25 no 5 pp 671ndash677 2007

[98] K A Kormas M K Tivey K von Damm and A TeskeldquoBacterial and archaeal phylotypes associated with distinctmineralogical layers of a white smoker spire from a deep-seahydrothermal vent site (∘N East Pacific Rise)rdquo EnvironmentalMicrobiology vol 8 no 5 pp 909ndash920 2006

[99] Y Furukawa and S E OrsquoReilly ldquoRapid precipitation of amor-phous silica in experimental systems with nontronite (NAu-1)and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1rdquoGeochimica et CosmochimicaActa vol 71 no 2 pp 363ndash377 2007

[100] Y-L Li K O Konhauser D R Cole and T J Phelps ldquoMineralecophysiological data provide growing evidence for microbialactivity in banded-iron formationsrdquo Geology vol 39 no 8 pp707ndash710 2011

[101] L Zhang B Xia H Niu et al ldquoMetallogenic systems and beltsdeveloped on the late Paleozoic continentalmargin inXinjiangrdquoActa Petrologica Sinica vol 22 no 5 pp 1387ndash1398 2006

[102] Y Chen ldquoFluidizationmodel for continental collision in specialreference to study ore-forming fluid of gold deposits in theeastern Qinling mountains Chinardquo Progress in Natural Sciencevol 8 no 4 pp 392ndash393 1998

[103] J C Zhu ldquoA brief review for the study on genesis of thesubmarine volcanic exhalative sedimentary deposits in SouthChinardquoGeological Journal of China Universities vol 9 no 4 pp536ndash544 2003

[104] R W Hutchinson ldquoVolcanogenic sulfide deposits and theirmetallogenic significancerdquo Economic Geology vol 68 pp 1223ndash1246 1973

[105] Y T Xu ldquoEarlyMetallogenic geochemistry in the Yongping Cu-WMassive sulfide depositrdquoGeotectonica etmetallogenia vol 22no 1 pp 55ndash64 1998

[106] L X Gu ldquoGenetic relationship between stratiform manganeseore and lead-zinc veinlets in the Lehua minerdquo GeologicalReview vol 33 no 3 pp 267ndash274 1987

[107] T Urabe and K Marumo ldquoA new model for Kuroko-typedeposits of Japanrdquo Episodes vol 14 no 3 pp 246ndash251 1991

[108] R Large M Doyle O Raymond D Cooke A Jones andL Heasman ldquoEvaluation of the role of Cambrian granites inthe genesis of world class VHMS deposits in Tasmaniardquo OreGeology Reviews vol 10 pp 215ndash230 1996

[109] L T Du ldquoSources of ore-forming material and genesis analysisof Yongping copper depositrdquoResource EnvironmentampEngineer-ing vol 19 no 1 pp 4ndash11 2005

[110] H Ohmoto ldquoStable isotope geochemistry of ore depositsrdquoReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol 16 pp 491ndash5591986

[111] J Stolz and R R Large ldquoEvaluation of the source-rock controlon precious metal grades in volcanic-hosted massive sulfidedeposits from Western Tasmaniardquo Economic Geology vol 87no 3 pp 720ndash738 1992

[112] S Y Wu Study of Hydrothermal Chimneys in the MarianaTrough China Ocean Press Beijing China 1995

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

ClimatologyJournal of

EcologyInternational Journal of


EarthquakesJournal of


Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science

Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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OceanographyInternational Journal of


Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in


MineralogyInternational Journal of


MeteorologyAdvances in

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


Geological ResearchJournal of


Geology Advances in


properties of the QHJB remained until the Silurian period[33] and ended with the collisional matching of the Yangtzeand Cathaysian plates due to Caledonian movement [34]

TheNeopalaeozoic tectonic properties ofQHJBhave puz-zled researchers and major controversies exist in regard tothe existence of an ocean basin with subduction In publishedpapers the Neopalaeozoic ophiolitic melange in northeastJiangxi province possibly indicates the Qinzhou-Hangzhoutectonic zone to be the eastern part of the NeopalaeozoicTethys ocean [28] and the earlyMesozoic acid volcanic rocksof the south segment in southwest Guangxi province confirmthe subduction of an ocean basin until the middle Triassicperiod [35] Although there is diversity among the northmiddle and south segments [36ndash38] the QHJB exhibits inte-gral uniformity in its tectonic evolution [36 39] Thereforethe tectonic properties of the QHJB were proposed to be anorogen in the Neopalaeozoic by the current authors [28 35]The Qin-Fang trough has been attested in the south segment[40 41] but there is a lack of orogenic properties because ofthe absence of a homochronous ophiolite suite and volcanicrocks in the middle and north segments [31] This indicatesthat the Neopalaeozoic tectonic properties for the entireQHJB remain somewhat unclear and the orogenic propertiesmay not possibly run throughout the whole QHJB withsubduction in the ocean basin In addition theQHJBpossiblyunderwent rifting in the NE direction in the Devonian andearly Permian and then experienced folding and orogeny dueto the compression of Dongwu movement [33] The tectonicproperties of the QHJB remain unclear in the Hercynian

The distribution composition and microfabric char-acteristics are significant for understanding the geologicalproperties of the QHJB In the literature the geologicsetting and geographic framework can be proposed usingsiliceous rocks for its geochemical characteristics [42ndash44]which helps underpin the tectonic framework with siliceousrocks widely [45ndash47] In the QHJB the siliceous rocks aredistributed widely [38] and indicate hydrothermal genesis[28 40 48ndash50] and can possibly contribute to understandingthe geological properties of the QHJB Although theseprevious studies examined some individual cases rarely hasattention been given to the temporal and spatial distributionof siliceous rocks in the entirety of the QHJB In the QHJBthe siliceous rocks have complex tectonic evolution [38] andthey potentially preserve significant evidence that will aid inthe comprehension and understanding of tectonic propertiesThus the distributions of siliceous rocks in the entirety of theQHJB were examined in this study to determine the tectonicsignificance of the siliceous rocks In addition geologicalanalysis X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) were also adopted for analysis of the Neopalaeozoicsiliceous rocks These analyses aided in understanding thegeological characteristics and associated indications

2 Geological Setting andPetrological Characteristics

21 Geological Setting The Mesoproterozoic South Chinablock (also named as Elder South China block) is distributed

30∘

0∘

19sim14 Ga crustGrenville orogen


Greater India

East Antarctica

Australia

Laurentia

Yang

tze

Cathaysian

Figure 1 Location of South China block in north late Mesoprotero-zoic Rodinia supercontinent (after [54])

among three land blocks (Figure 1) which are named East-Australia Antarctica and Laurentia respectively The ElderSouthChina block is originated from thematching of Yangtzeand Cathaysian blocks whose crystalline basement is formedin diverse geological era In the previous study the ancientland crusts of Yangtze and Cathaysian are respectivelyformed in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic [51] Theformation of the Yangtze ancient land crust is attested tobe in Neoarchean as evidenced by the crystalline basementof the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic [52] The Cathaysianancient land crust is a group of similar crusts includingYunkai Mintai andWuyi platforms and is formed at the endof the Paleoproterozoic (1800Ma) for the Paleoproterozoiccrystalline basement [51] These two blocks are coheredtogether possibly due to the Luliang movement which iswitnessed by the Luliangian granite in southwest Zhejiangprovince [34] With the matching of Yangtze and Cathaysianblocks the Elder South China block [53] is formed at the endof late Paleoproterozoic [33] Then the whole Elder SouthChina block was covered by a uniform sedimentary veneer

The QHJB comes from the fragmentation of the ElderSouth China block at the beginning of the MesoproterozoicThere is a fragmentation period after Luliang movementwith rift troughs and this fragmentation contributes to theprimary ocean basin of QHJB which separates the Yangtzeblock from Cathaysian block After its formation the QHJBundergoes cyclic tectonic movements which is possiblyassociated with the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinentDuring the whole tectonic evolution process there are threetectonic cycles from Changchengian period to Silurian forthe QHJB [33] the first tectonic cycle ends up with thefirst episode of Jinning movement (sim1000Ma) which isfrom the Changchengian period to the Jixianian periodthe second tectonic cycle ends up with the second episodeof Jinning movement (sim850Ma) which is just during theQingbaikou period the third tectonic cycle ends up withthe Caledonian movement which is from the Sinian periodto the Silurian period At the end of the second tectoniccycle when the Elder South China ocean is closed with


30∘ N

0∘N


Greater India

East Antarctica

Australia

LaurentiaSo

uth C

hina


Figure 2(b)

(a)

Grenville orogen

Taiwan


Shanghai

100∘E

30∘N

20∘N

120∘E


Cathaysian

Yangtz

e

Qin-Hang joint belt

(b)










(b)






(a) (b)

(c) (d)








2and P


methodTheK2ONa



2O3






3 and heated under












Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


30∘ N

0∘N


Greater India

East Antarctica

Australia

LaurentiaSo

uth C

hina


Figure 2(b)

(a)

Grenville orogen

Taiwan


Shanghai

100∘E

30∘N

20∘N

120∘E


Cathaysian

Yangtz

e

Qin-Hang joint belt

(b)










(b)






(a) (b)

(c) (d)








2and P


methodTheK2ONa



2O3






3 and heated under












Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in




(b)






(a) (b)

(c) (d)








2and P


methodTheK2ONa



2O3






3 and heated under












Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


(b)






(a) (b)

(c) (d)








2and P


methodTheK2ONa



2O3






3 and heated under












Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


(a) (b)

(c) (d)








2and P


methodTheK2ONa



2O3






3 and heated under












Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in









Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Table1Lo

calitieso

fsiliceou

srocks

inQin-H

angjointb

elt

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Mesop

aleozoic

Long

sheng

Taoyuan

Wun

ing

Neopaleozoic


Huazhou

Xingn

ingMeixian

JiaolingYang

shanH

uaijiand

Guang

ning

Sanjiang

Hexian

Luocheng

and

Long

sheng

Shim

enLinglingCh

aling

Shim

enA

nhuaX

upuGuiyang


Dajiang

bianG

uiyang

Sizhou

shanand

Guiyang

Tianzidi

Wun

ingGuang

feng

AY

iyang

Qigon

gXiushu

iNorth

Xiushu

iWun

ingPeng

zeB

oyang

DexingYiyang

Pingxiang

Guang

feng

BXiajiang

and

Taiheqiao

Fuyang

Zhangcun

Fuang

yang

LuojiamenFuyangHon

gchicun

Long

youCh

angshan

Zhuji

Fuyang

Zhon

gjiazhuang

and

Chun

an

Cambrian

Lechang

JiuxiuEa

stHexian

Hexian

Tancho

ngR

ongxianWest

Dam

ingshan

Zhon

gshan

Liuzho

uRo

ngshui

Luocheng

Quanzho

uand

Yong

fu

Shim

enLux

iAnh

uaYanx

iAnh

uaTanx

iYu

anlin

gShuang

feng

Jiang

huaand

Rucheng

Xiushu

iYu

shanShang

rao

Wun

ingCon

gyiandXing

guo

Jiang

shan

AA

njiJiang

shan

BandYu

hang

Ordovician

Taish

anD

ongyuan

and

Qujiano

ugQuanzho

uGon

gcheng

Taojiang

Shu

angfengAnh

ua

Don

ganXiejiawanD

ongan

Sushuichon

gQidon

gShuang

jiakouandQidon

gSh

imenkou

Guang

feng

Con

gyiNinggang

Yong

xinHangjiang

long

xi

Yong

xinSh

ikou

and

Yong

xin

Pulong

KaihuaL

ongyou

Linan

Shangluo

jiaL

inan

Yakouand

Chun

anTantou

Siluria

nFang

cheng

Anh

ua

Devon

ian

YunfuSh

imenYun

fuDajiang

ping

Luo

ding

Xinron

gHuaijiLianx

ian

Lechangand

Renh

ua

Nandan

Xiangzho

uWux

uan

Nanning

Wum

ingShangling

Ningm

ingLo

ngzhou

DaxinJingxiDebao

Tianlin

Non

glin

Hengxian

Long

zhou

NapoHexian

Qinzhou

andBe

iliu

Shaodo

ngQ

iyang

Carbon

iferous

Longchuan

Haifeng

Meixian

Wuh

uaZ

ijin

Lianxian

Dashiyan

Don

gfangLianXian

Zhou

shuiLianp

ingLianxian

OutangYang

shanR

uyuan

HepingHuiyang

Pingyuan

Lianxian

Waido

ngJiaoling

Lianxian

Panh

aiand

Yingde

Liucheng

Anlecun

Lu

ocheng

Liucheng

TaipingHuanjang

Luocheng

Xingan

Quanzho

uYishan

Nandan

LuzhaiJingxi

Ping

guoXilin

Non

glin

Tianlin

Tiand

ongand

Tiandeng

Lianyuan

Ping

xiangAnfuYo

ngxin

Shuichuan

Gaoanand

Don

gxiang

Perm

inian

LianxianYangshan

Qujiang

Yangchun

Chun

wanYangchu

nLo

ngyung

angRe

nhua

Long

menE

npingandMenxian

Qinzhou

Shang

lin

Don

glanP

ingleBing

yang

HechiY

ishan

ALiucheng

Duan

Heshan

Shanglin

Yishan

BHengxian

ShangsiandCon

gzuo

ShangzhiC

henx

iZho

nghu

opu

ChenxiWulidun

Lianyuan

Shaoyang

Leiyang

and

Shaodo

ng

Xiushu

iRu

ichang

Lianshan

andQianshan

Tong

luC

hang

xing


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Table1Con

tinued

Guangdo

ngprovince

Guang

xiprovince

Hun

anprovince

Jiang

xiprovince

Zhejiang

province

Triassic

Ping

guoTianlin

and

Napo

Zhon

gfang

Wanzai

Jurassic

Huaiji

Song

yang

Lish

uiCr

etaceous

Hengyang

NoteD

ataw

erec

alculatedfro

mtheliterature

[60ndash

64]thes

iliceou

srocks

werec

alculatedwith

form

ationandcoun

tyas

thetem

poralu

nitand

spatialu

nitandthes

iliceou

srocks

locatedin

onep

lace

with

diverse

Form

ations

will


capitalizationlik

eldquoAB

Cetcrdquoor

additio

nof

subp

lace

name








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in








2ranged from








2O3(Al2O3+









2(K2O + Na

2O) values









Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Table3Tracee

lementanalysis



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LiBe

ScV

CrCo

Ni

CuZn

Ga

RbSr

YZr

Nb

Mo

CsBa

Hf

TaPb

ThU

DX0

13a

3709

091

603

4090

12563

1025

1967

1886

20687

855

10607

3482

1328

18202

1074

061

432

137282

477

079

25222

883

231

DX0

13b

4689

084

511

3374

19422

942

1704

2413

103424

741

9508

3145

1166

15586

929

059

342

122098

412

068

269517

758

204

DX0

153238

102

696

4368

4698

5537

10527

2282

10387

871

9971

11582

1173

15847

1133

060

418

11777

5428

244

46590

940

285

DX0

163356

090

654

3885

22383

1091

2279

8026

23492

953

4781

5870

1617

20638

1233

083

197

56073

544

090

76646

1039

246

DX0

204874

113

570

3576

3218

5047

9284

3397

685662

934

11009

2590

1446

18284

990

100

507

161274

485

210

7319

31035

233

DX0

246884

213

625

3286

6659

772

392

883

12267

920

1493

12335

1759

21666

748

489

1255

257285

482

052

5551

634

356

DX0

2511330

099

596

2912

390

5015

8732

717

2814

3624

7736

3256

1634

9581

352

182

554

59891

214

163

9182

375

1091

DX0

2620299

077

945

3127

16482

314

354

1218

62112

499

4199

1946

2463

767

031

024

364

11522

020

003

2077

5218

277

DX0

276569

184

522

3381

552

3508

5401

7178

3093672

1304

10755

2308

2270

2075

075

4381

1187

13478

463

129

312925

729

760

DX0

2810751

108

431

1875

383

1018

01716

93744

34471

509

6678

2191

1419

1072

6344

285

472

7192

9229

262

1693

7447

736

Aver

7570

116

615

3387

8675

3343

5781

6232

347432

821

9017

3871

1627

15205

759

172

573

100861

376

130

85654

706

442


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Table4RE

Eanalysisresults



siliceous

rocksfrom

theD

ongxiang

area

No

LaCe

PrNd

SmEu

Gd

TbDy

Ho

ErTm

YbLuΣRE

E(LaCe)

N(LaYb

) N120575Ce120575Eu

(LaLu

) NDX0

13a

2290

4495

531

1978

361

095

288

045

244

051

150

025

156

027

10735

106

108

094

139

097

DX0

13b

2255

4295

501

1857

341

108

259

039

210

045

126

020

126

023

10205

109

132

093

172

111

DX0

152103

4205

490

1792

327

106

254

039

217

044

131

022

146

024

9899

104

106

096

173

101

DX0

163523

7214

815

2998

513

134

389

057

304

061

171

028

177

032

16416

102

147

098

141

126

DX0

201938

3698

428

1600

300

066

271

044

253

054

159

027

174

030

9041

109

082

094

108

074

DX0

241945

3578

414

1622

332

201

311

052

291

062

184

029

181

032

9235

113

079

092

294

069

DX0

251055

2151

272

1105

252

149

278

047

278

056

163

026

171

031

6032

102

046

093

265

039

DX0

26299

637

086

395

136

100

253

060

407

090

252

038

228

038

3021

098

01

092

254

009

DX0

272336

4528

544

2173

467

239

492

075

399

077

217

034

219

037

11837

108

079

093

235

072

DX0

281146

2251

274

1108

230

127

231

040

234

050

141

024

158

029

6042

106

053

093

26

045

Aver

1889

3705

435

1663

326

132

302

050

284

059

169

027

174

030

9246

106

084

094

204

074

Nrepresentn

ormalized

byPA

AS[65]120575Cea

nd120575Cec


(La

NtimesPr

N)1


=Eu

N(Sm

NtimesGd N

)12[66]


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


N

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Caledonian Pt3-S

0 300(km)




(a)


Qin-Hang joint belt

City

Guangxi

Hunan

Guangdong

Jiangxi

Zhejiang

27∘ N

24∘ N

Guangzhou

Nanning

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

Qinzhou

Hercynian D-P

0 300(km)



N

(b)












Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in



Nonhydrothermal s

edimentat

ion

Hydro

ther

mal

sedi

men

tation

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

20

40

60

80

100

I

II

III

Al2O3()

SiO2 (

)

(a)

0 200 400 6000

2

4

6

8

SiO2(K2O + Na2O)

MnO

2T


siliceous rocks


I

II

(b)



I

II

300

200

100

00 1 2 3 4 5

Fe2O3FeO

SiO2A

l 2O3

(c)







0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


0 02 04 060

02

04

06

08

Al2O3(100-SiO2)

Fe2O3(100

-SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

(a)

0 02 04 06 08 1

1

10

100

1000

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Pelagic region


Fe2O3T

iO2

(b)


0 04 08 12 16 270

80

90

100



MgO ()

SiO

2(

)

(a)


Na 2

O+

K 2O

(times10minus6)



1 10 102

103

104

105

106

107

10

102

103

104

105

106

107

(b)







( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in




( ) times 10

I

II

Cu + Co + Ni








5 Discussion






0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


0 1000 2000 30000

20

40

60

80V

(ppm

)

Ti (ppm)

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

(a)

0 40 80 1200

2

4

6

8

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Ocean basin

TiV

VY

(b)


(a) (b)







Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Deep sea

0 02 04 06 08 10

1

2

3

4


(La

Ce)

N



2O3(Al2O3+ Fe2O3)






2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


2120579 (∘)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

10080604020

0

500

1000

1500

2120579=9104

=108

A

2120579=4271

=212

A

2120579=5040

=181

A

2120579=6020

=154

A2120579=5512

=166

A

2120579=4604

=197

A

2120579=6796

=138

A

2120579=7586

=125

A2120579=8035

=119

A

2120579=6855

=137

A

2120579=4050

=223

A2120579=3680

=244

A

2120579=2109

=421

A

2120579=2787

=320

A2120579=2689

=331

Ad

d

d d d dd

dd

d d

d d

d

d

0

(a)

Inte

nsity

(au

)

0

500

1000

1500

32

998771

998771

998771 998771 998771 998771

2120579 (∘)

100806040200


(b)



2(K2O + Na


2O3TiO2


2ONa2O and SiO






(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


(a)

CO

Si

00

10

05

15

24

19

600400000 200

98619766

01390234

MolWtElement

EDSP1

Energy (kV)C

ount

rate

(kCn

tS)

Al2O3

SiO2

(b)

C O

Si

Al K

00

10

05

15

25

20

600400000 200

MolWtElement

EDSP2

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

12691705

736936 14

13621981Al2O3

SiO2

K2O

(c)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK

00

10

05

15

25

20

800600000 400200

33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

Energy (kV)

Cou

nt ra

te (k

CntS

)

C Fe

Fe

S

SK

FeK 33374659

66635341

AtWtElement

EDSP3

(d)





Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in


Al2O3(100 SiO2)

Fe2O

3(100

SiO

2)

I

II

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

0

02

04

06

0 02 04 06

08


-

-

(a)

1000

100

10

10 02 04 06 08 1

Pelagic region

Midocean ridge

Marginal sea

Fe2O

3Ti

O2


(b)



6 Conclusions


2contents ranging





2




2(K2O + Na





Acknowledgments




References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in



References






























































































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in





























































































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in



























































Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in



























Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in










Volume 2014

Mining


Journal of



Geophysics







Journal of




Advances in











Geology Advances in

Documents

Research Article The Distribution and Composition ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/949603.pdfThe Distribution and Composition Characteristics of Siliceous Rocks from Qinzhou