Research Article Power Quality Improvement by Unified

Research ArticlePower Quality Improvement by Unified Power QualityConditioner Based on CSC Topology Using SynchronousReference Frame Theory

Rajasekaran Dharmalingam1 Subhransu Sekhar Dash2 Karthikrajan Senthilnathan3

Arun Bhaskar Mayilvaganan3 and Subramani Chinnamuthu2

1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering RMD Engineering College Chennai India2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM University Chennai India3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Velammal Engineering College Chennai India

Correspondence should be addressed to Karthikrajan Senthilnathan karthiksvkkgmailcom

Received 27 February 2014 Accepted 19 March 2014 Published 11 June 2014

Academic Editors N Barsoum P Vasant and G-W Weber

Copyright copy 2014 Rajasekaran Dharmalingam et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited

This paper deals with the performance of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) based on current source converter (CSC)topology UPQC is used to mitigate the power quality problems like harmonics and sag The shunt and series active filter performsthe simultaneous elimination of current and voltage problems The power fed is linked through common DC link and maintainsconstant real power exchange The DC link is connected through the reactor The real power supply is given by the photovoltaicsystem for the compensation of power quality problemsThe reference current and voltage generation for shunt and series converteris based on phase locked loop and synchronous reference frame theoryThe proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performancefor mitigating the power quality problems

1 Introduction

The main impact in the power distribution system is thequality of power which causes more distortion in the sourcedue to using nonlinear loads (power electronics loads)The main cause for distortion is harmonics notching andinterharmonics Distortion is that the fundamental frequencysine wave is represented as super position of all harmonicfrequency sine waves on fundamental sine wave The usageof power electronics loads is increased day by day whileconsidering that industries power electronics drives are usedfor the automation of the industries To compensate thedistortion in the system passive filters were used and whileusing the passive filters particular harmonic range is onlyeliminated In order to overcome the drawbacks of passivefilter for the elimination of power quality problems activefilters were used

Power quality problems are harmonics sag and swellwhich are mitigated by the active filters by the configurationof dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) distribution-static syn-chronous compensator (D-STATCOM) and unified powerquality conditioner (UPQC) [1] In this paper UPQC [2] isused for the mitigation of the power quality problems whichis the combination of series and shunt active filtersThe seriesand shunt active power filters are voltage and current sourceconverters which are controlled by the PWM signals whichare generated by the controllers

2 Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)

The unified power quality conditioner is commonly calledUPQC The design configuration is based on the connectionof series and shunt inverters In this the design configuration

Hindawi Publishing Corporatione Scientific World JournalVolume 2014 Article ID 391975 7 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014391975

2 The Scientific World Journal

Vsource

Line parametersAC voltage source

IsourceGatepulse

Vdc

DC link

Pulse

Shuntactive power filter

Seriesactive power filter

21

Seriestransformer

VloadIload

Nonlinear load

g

A

A

g

A

R

L

+

minus

+

minus

++

minus

Figure 1 The design configuration of UPQC-CSC

is right series and left shunt with the current source converter(CSC) [3 4] In this paper UPQC-CSC [5 6] is designed andanalysis of the results has been done Unified power qualityconditioner (UPQC) for nonlinear and voltage sensitive loadhas following facilities

(i) It reduces the harmonics in the supply current so thatit can improve utility current quality for nonlinearloads

(ii) UPQC provides the VAR requirement of the loadso that the supply voltage and current are always inphase therefore no additional power factor correc-tion equipment is required

(iii) UPQC maintains load end voltage at the rated valueeven in the presence of supply voltage sag

The design configuration of UPQC-CSC [7] is shown inFigure 1

3 Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory

The control strategy for the unified power quality conditioneris based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) [8 9]theory In this theory controlling of the three-phase convert-ers using the rotating frame theory by converting the sourcevoltage and current to direct and quadrature axis is doneThevoltage is converted to 119889119902 in the series controller and currentis converted to 119889119902 in the series controller Consider

[

[

119881119886

119881119887

119881119862

]

]

= radic2

3

[[[[[[[

[

1

radic2

1

radic2

1

radic2

sin (wt) sin(wt minus 21205873) sin(wt + 2120587

3)

cos (wt) cos(wt minus 21205873) cos(wt + 2120587

3)

]]]]]]]

]

[

[

119881119889

119881119902

1198810

]

]

(1)

The 119889119902 transform is again converted to the 1198811015840119886119887119888

in order toget the reference signal which is used for the generation of thepulse for the three-phase converter in the system Consider

[

[

119881119889

119881119902

1198810

]

]

= radic2

3

[[[[[[[[[

[

1

radic2sin (wt) cos (wt)

1

radic2sin(wt minus 2120587

3) cos(wt minus 2120587

3)

1

radic2sin(wt + 2120587

3) cos(wt + 2120587

3)

]]]]]]]]]

]

[

[

1198811015840

119886

1198811015840

119887

1198811015840

119862

]

]

(2)

The shunt converter performs the process of elimination ofharmonics and series converter performs process of elim-ination of the voltage related problems The control blockdiagram for the synchronous reference frame theory is shownin Figure 2

31 Series Controller The control strategy of the series con-troller is achieved through the synchronous reference frametheory In this the series controller gets the reference signalfor the generation of pulse for the three-phase converter bycomparing the source voltage with distortion and constantvoltage The source voltage 119881

119904 119886119887119888and constant voltage 119881ref 119886119887119888

are converted to the 119881119904 1198891199020

and 119881ref 1198891199020 transform The 119881119904 1198891199020

and 119881ref 1198891199020 are compared to get the error signal which isagain converted to 1198811015840

119897119886119887119888 The 1198811015840

119897119886119887119888is the reference signal for

the pulse generatorThe simulation diagram for synchronousreference frame theory based series controller is shown inFigure 3

32 Shunt Controller Theshunt converter has the function ofcompensating the current related problems Along with theshunt controller DC link voltage is maintained The 119886119887119888 to1198891199020 transform is inversed and converted to 119886119887119888 that signal isgiven as the reference signal and the measured signal is givento the hysteresis band PWM to produce the pulse signals forthe operation of shunt converter The simulation diagram forshunt controller is shown in Figure 4

The Scientific World Journal 3

isa

isb

isc

is0

isq

isd

isbisa isc

E

E

E

wt

wt

wt

wt

VIaVIb VIc

PLL

A

B

C

G1G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

G1

G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

PWM

APF

PWM

APF

Shunt

Series

LPF

band

Tminus1

Tminus1

T

T

T

Tminus1

Tminus1

0

d

q

isd

998400

PII

dloss

+

+

+

minus

VsaVs0

Vsd

Vsq

Vsb

Vsc

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

VDC

VDC

i998400sd

i998400s0

i998400sd

i998400sq

i998400s0 = 0

i998400sq = 0

V998400la

V998400lb

V998400lc

Vs0

Vsd

Vsq

Hysteresis

bandHysteresis

Figure 2 Control block diagram

1

3

2

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

dq0abc

+

+

minus

+minus

abcdq0

1

3

2

A

B

C

4(pu)Vs

Si CoVabc

(pu) Si CoVabc

Vabc

3-phase PLL1

a

cb

A

BN

C

A

B

C

Iabc

PLL

Three-phaseprogrammablevoltage source

Three-phaseV-I measurement

3-phase PLL2

dq0abc

Id Iq

Sin cos

Sin cos

Sin cos

Figure 3 Simulation of synchronous reference frame theory based series controller


FreqSin cos

PLLwt

abc abc

Sin cosSin cosdq0

dq0

= 50Hz

= 50Hz

4

1

2

3

A

B

C

1

2

3

Vdc

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

Terminator 1

Terminator

++

F0

F0

Id Iq

Figure 4 Simulation of shunt controller

1

+

minus

+minus

2

V

730

Constant 1

Vdc

Goto3DiscretePI controller 1

PI

Solar

Voltage measurement Scope 9

+

Con

n2C

onn1

Figure 5 DC link controller

33 DC Link Controller The direct current link controllerhas the PI controller in which the constant voltage is givenas the set point and the measured voltage is given for thecomparison to maintain the constant voltage The PV arrayis attached with the DC link for injection The DC linkcontroller is shown in Figure 5

4 Simulation and Results

The UPQC-CSC has the reactor as the DC link for the seriesand shunt converter and is controlled by the synchronousreference frame (SRF) theory and the pulse is generated bythe hysteresis band controllerThe shunt and series convertershave the function of compensating current and voltage prob-lems respectively The simulation of UPQC-CSC is shownin Figure 6 The output of UPQC-CSC is shown in Figure 7which shows the voltage with sag current with harmonicsand compensated voltage and current The compensation ofsag is shown in Figure 8 The shunt compensation is shownin Figure 9 The series compensation is shown in Figure 10

41 System Parameters Consider

source voltage 415V 50Hzload parameters

resistive load 10 KΩinductive load 2mHRLC load 10 KW

shunt inverter side

LC filter 35mH 5Ω and 10 120583F

series inverter side

LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F

DC link reactor

for UPQC-CSC 200mHsolar voltage 7271 V

Figure 7 shows the simulation output of the UPQC-CSCsimulation for voltage sag mitigationThe sudden addition ofload in the system causes voltage sag for the time duration of004 to 008 s The compensation for the sag is by the seriesactive filter using the SRF theory for the reference signalgenerated and pulse generated by the hysteresis band andgiven to the IGBTs in the filter

The compensation of the voltage related problems is doneby the series active filter to maintain the system voltage 1


A

B

C

A B CA

B

C

ABC

ABC

ABC

A

B

C

A B C

Three-phaseseries RLC branch

Discrete

Powergui

Sag generator

Vs

Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2

A1

A2

B2

C2

B1

C1

Shunt filter

Shunt-controller

Series_controller

DC controller

Series inverter

Vm888

A2+

B2+

C2+

A1

A1

B1

C1

B1

C1

A1+

B1+

C1+

Filter

+ minus

minus

+

minus

+

minus

g

g

A

B

C

g

g

Nonlinear load

Ts = 5e minus 006 s

Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram

PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics

The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11

The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12

The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13

5 Conclusion

In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source

Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )

Current source converter

Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in

Loadvoltage(119881119871) in

Loadcurrent(119868119871) in

H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017

converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating


0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)

Current at PCC before compensation

Voltage at load after compensation

Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs

Voltage at PCC before compensation

Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU

Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform

15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Voltage before compensation

Compensating voltage

Voltage after compensation

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U

Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050

minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25

Shunt compensation

Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation

0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Series compensation-mitigation of sag

Volta

ge P

U

Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation

08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f

Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089

fund

amen

tal)

Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph

008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045

Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)

Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017

008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)

Figure 13 Load current THD graph


the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012

[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011

[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013

[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012

[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011

[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011

[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004

[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010

[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010

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Vsource

Line parametersAC voltage source

IsourceGatepulse

Vdc

DC link

Pulse

Shuntactive power filter

Seriesactive power filter

21

Seriestransformer

VloadIload

Nonlinear load

g

A

A

g

A

R

L

+

minus

+

minus

++

minus

Figure 1 The design configuration of UPQC-CSC

is right series and left shunt with the current source converter(CSC) [3 4] In this paper UPQC-CSC [5 6] is designed andanalysis of the results has been done Unified power qualityconditioner (UPQC) for nonlinear and voltage sensitive loadhas following facilities

(i) It reduces the harmonics in the supply current so thatit can improve utility current quality for nonlinearloads

(ii) UPQC provides the VAR requirement of the loadso that the supply voltage and current are always inphase therefore no additional power factor correc-tion equipment is required

(iii) UPQC maintains load end voltage at the rated valueeven in the presence of supply voltage sag

The design configuration of UPQC-CSC [7] is shown inFigure 1

3 Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory

The control strategy for the unified power quality conditioneris based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) [8 9]theory In this theory controlling of the three-phase convert-ers using the rotating frame theory by converting the sourcevoltage and current to direct and quadrature axis is doneThevoltage is converted to 119889119902 in the series controller and currentis converted to 119889119902 in the series controller Consider

[

[

119881119886

119881119887

119881119862

]

]

= radic2

3

[[[[[[[

[

1

radic2

1

radic2

1

radic2

sin (wt) sin(wt minus 21205873) sin(wt + 2120587

3)

cos (wt) cos(wt minus 21205873) cos(wt + 2120587

3)

]]]]]]]

]

[

[

119881119889

119881119902

1198810

]

]

(1)

The 119889119902 transform is again converted to the 1198811015840119886119887119888

in order toget the reference signal which is used for the generation of thepulse for the three-phase converter in the system Consider

[

[

119881119889

119881119902

1198810

]

]

= radic2

3

[[[[[[[[[

[

1

radic2sin (wt) cos (wt)

1

radic2sin(wt minus 2120587

3) cos(wt minus 2120587

3)

1

radic2sin(wt + 2120587

3) cos(wt + 2120587

3)

]]]]]]]]]

]

[

[

1198811015840

119886

1198811015840

119887

1198811015840

119862

]

]

(2)

The shunt converter performs the process of elimination ofharmonics and series converter performs process of elim-ination of the voltage related problems The control blockdiagram for the synchronous reference frame theory is shownin Figure 2

31 Series Controller The control strategy of the series con-troller is achieved through the synchronous reference frametheory In this the series controller gets the reference signalfor the generation of pulse for the three-phase converter bycomparing the source voltage with distortion and constantvoltage The source voltage 119881

119904 119886119887119888and constant voltage 119881ref 119886119887119888

are converted to the 119881119904 1198891199020

and 119881ref 1198891199020 transform The 119881119904 1198891199020

and 119881ref 1198891199020 are compared to get the error signal which isagain converted to 1198811015840

119897119886119887119888 The 1198811015840

119897119886119887119888is the reference signal for

the pulse generatorThe simulation diagram for synchronousreference frame theory based series controller is shown inFigure 3

32 Shunt Controller Theshunt converter has the function ofcompensating the current related problems Along with theshunt controller DC link voltage is maintained The 119886119887119888 to1198891199020 transform is inversed and converted to 119886119887119888 that signal isgiven as the reference signal and the measured signal is givento the hysteresis band PWM to produce the pulse signals forthe operation of shunt converter The simulation diagram forshunt controller is shown in Figure 4


isa

isb

isc

is0

isq

isd

isbisa isc

E

E

E

wt

wt

wt

wt

VIaVIb VIc

PLL

A

B

C

G1G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

G1

G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

PWM

APF

PWM

APF

Shunt

Series

LPF

band

Tminus1

Tminus1

T

T

T

Tminus1

Tminus1

0

d

q

isd

998400

PII

dloss

+

+

+

minus

VsaVs0

Vsd

Vsq

Vsb

Vsc

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

VDC

VDC

i998400sd

i998400s0

i998400sd

i998400sq

i998400s0 = 0

i998400sq = 0

V998400la

V998400lb

V998400lc

Vs0

Vsd

Vsq

Hysteresis

bandHysteresis


1

3

2

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

dq0abc

+

+

minus

+minus

abcdq0

1

3

2

A

B

C

4(pu)Vs

Si CoVabc

(pu) Si CoVabc

Vabc

3-phase PLL1

a

cb

A

BN

C

A

B

C

Iabc

PLL



3-phase PLL2

dq0abc

Id Iq

Sin cos

Sin cos

Sin cos



FreqSin cos

PLLwt

abc abc

Sin cosSin cosdq0

dq0

= 50Hz

= 50Hz

4

1

2

3

A

B

C

1

2

3

Vdc

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

Terminator 1

Terminator

++

F0

F0

Id Iq


1

+

minus

+minus

2

V

730

Constant 1

Vdc


PI

Solar


+

Con

n2C

onn1








shunt inverter side



LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F

DC link reactor





A

B

C

A B CA

B

C

ABC

ABC

ABC

A

B

C

A B C


Discrete

Powergui

Sag generator

Vs


A1

A2

B2

C2

B1

C1

Shunt filter

Shunt-controller

Series_controller

DC controller

Series inverter

Vm888

A2+

B2+

C2+

A1

A1

B1

C1

B1

C1

A1+

B1+

C1+

Filter

+ minus

minus

+

minus

+

minus

g

g

A

B

C

g

g

Nonlinear load

Ts = 5e minus 006 s






5 Conclusion







H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017



0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)



Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs


Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU


15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01




Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U


0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050


Shunt compensation


0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)


Volta

ge P

U


08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f


fund

amen

tal)


008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)






References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in




isa

isb

isc

is0

isq

isd

isbisa isc

E

E

E

wt

wt

wt

wt

VIaVIb VIc

PLL

A

B

C

G1G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

G1

G2

G3

G5

G4

G6

PWM

APF

PWM

APF

Shunt

Series

LPF

band

Tminus1

Tminus1

T

T

T

Tminus1

Tminus1

0

d

q

isd

998400

PII

dloss

+

+

+

minus

VsaVs0

Vsd

Vsq

Vsb

Vsc

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

Vref

VDC

VDC

i998400sd

i998400s0

i998400sd

i998400sq

i998400s0 = 0

i998400sq = 0

V998400la

V998400lb

V998400lc

Vs0

Vsd

Vsq

Hysteresis

bandHysteresis


1

3

2

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

dq0abc

+

+

minus

+minus

abcdq0

1

3

2

A

B

C

4(pu)Vs

Si CoVabc

(pu) Si CoVabc

Vabc

3-phase PLL1

a

cb

A

BN

C

A

B

C

Iabc

PLL



3-phase PLL2

dq0abc

Id Iq

Sin cos

Sin cos

Sin cos



FreqSin cos

PLLwt

abc abc

Sin cosSin cosdq0

dq0

= 50Hz

= 50Hz

4

1

2

3

A

B

C

1

2

3

Vdc

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

Terminator 1

Terminator

++

F0

F0

Id Iq


1

+

minus

+minus

2

V

730

Constant 1

Vdc


PI

Solar


+

Con

n2C

onn1








shunt inverter side



LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F

DC link reactor





A

B

C

A B CA

B

C

ABC

ABC

ABC

A

B

C

A B C


Discrete

Powergui

Sag generator

Vs


A1

A2

B2

C2

B1

C1

Shunt filter

Shunt-controller

Series_controller

DC controller

Series inverter

Vm888

A2+

B2+

C2+

A1

A1

B1

C1

B1

C1

A1+

B1+

C1+

Filter

+ minus

minus

+

minus

+

minus

g

g

A

B

C

g

g

Nonlinear load

Ts = 5e minus 006 s






5 Conclusion







H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017



0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)



Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs


Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU


15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01




Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U


0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050


Shunt compensation


0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)


Volta

ge P

U


08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f


fund

amen

tal)


008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)






References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in




FreqSin cos

PLLwt

abc abc

Sin cosSin cosdq0

dq0

= 50Hz

= 50Hz

4

1

2

3

A

B

C

1

2

3

Vdc

Alowast

Blowast

Clowast

Terminator 1

Terminator

++

F0

F0

Id Iq


1

+

minus

+minus

2

V

730

Constant 1

Vdc


PI

Solar


+

Con

n2C

onn1








shunt inverter side



LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F

DC link reactor





A

B

C

A B CA

B

C

ABC

ABC

ABC

A

B

C

A B C


Discrete

Powergui

Sag generator

Vs


A1

A2

B2

C2

B1

C1

Shunt filter

Shunt-controller

Series_controller

DC controller

Series inverter

Vm888

A2+

B2+

C2+

A1

A1

B1

C1

B1

C1

A1+

B1+

C1+

Filter

+ minus

minus

+

minus

+

minus

g

g

A

B

C

g

g

Nonlinear load

Ts = 5e minus 006 s






5 Conclusion







H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017



0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)



Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs


Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU


15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01




Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U


0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050


Shunt compensation


0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)


Volta

ge P

U


08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f


fund

amen

tal)


008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)






References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in




A

B

C

A B CA

B

C

ABC

ABC

ABC

A

B

C

A B C


Discrete

Powergui

Sag generator

Vs


A1

A2

B2

C2

B1

C1

Shunt filter

Shunt-controller

Series_controller

DC controller

Series inverter

Vm888

A2+

B2+

C2+

A1

A1

B1

C1

B1

C1

A1+

B1+

C1+

Filter

+ minus

minus

+

minus

+

minus

g

g

A

B

C

g

g

Nonlinear load

Ts = 5e minus 006 s






5 Conclusion







H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017



0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)



Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs


Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU


15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01




Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U


0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050


Shunt compensation


0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)


Volta

ge P

U


08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f


fund

amen

tal)


008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)






References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in




0515

minus15minus05

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

10

0

minus10

200

minus20

I s(A

)VI

I loa

d(A

)



Current at load

Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

1505

minus05minus15

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Vs


Sag at PCC

Time (s)

PU

PU


15

05minus05minus15

15

05

minus05

minus15

020

minus02minus04

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01




Time (s)

Time (s)

Time (s)

Volta

ge

Volta

ge P

U

PU

Volta

ge P

U


0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)

Curr

ent (

A)

2520151050


Shunt compensation


0250201501005

0minus005

minus015minus01

minus02minus025

0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01

Time (s)


Volta

ge P

U


08070605040302010

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)

FFT analysis

Mag

( o

f


fund

amen

tal)


008007006005004

002001

003

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Frequency (Hz)


008007006005004

002001

003

0Mag

( o

f fun

dam

enta

l)






References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in







References

















Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in










Advances in

FuzzySystems


Volume 2014












Journal of

Journal of





Advances in

Multimedia


Biomedical Imaging



Advances in


RoboticsJournal of










Advances in



Documents

Research Article Power Quality Improvement by Unified