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HANNOVER MESSE 201223 –27 April 2012 · Hannover · Germany
RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH and DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT in the field of HYDROGEN ENERGYin the field of HYDROGEN ENERGYin the field of HYDROGEN ENERGY in the field of HYDROGEN ENERGY in NRC in NRC ««KURCHATOV INSTITUTEKURCHATOV INSTITUTE»»
S.KorobtsevNRC “Kurchatov institute”
121069, Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) 739-54-35, Fax: +7 (495) 690-24-98; Web site: www.globalenergyprize.org; e-mail: [email protected]
HYDROGEN ENERGY and PLASMA TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE Kurchatov sq., 1, 123182 Moscow, RUSSIA, www.kiae.ru
NRC“Kurchatov institute” is a pioneer of research andNRC Kurchatov institute is a pioneer of research and development on hydrogen and nuclear-hydrogen energy and technologies in Russia. In 1978 a special subdivision - Hydrogen Energy & Plasma Technology Institute - was created in the Center
The institute leads in the area of PEM f l ll d l t l
gy gyto develop and expand new directions in these areas.
PEM fuel cells and electrolyzers development, plasma-catalytic systems of organic fuels conversion nano structuralconversion, nano-structural electro-catalysts and is one of the leaders in the field of hydrogen safety membrane andhydrogen safety, membrane and membrane-catalytic systems of hydrogen production and purification
121069, Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) 739-54-35, Fax: +7 (495) 690-24-98; Web site: www.globalenergyprize.org; e-mail: [email protected]
purification.
HYDROGEN ENERGY and TECHNOLOGIES HYDROGEN ENERGY and TECHNOLOGIES i di ti i NRCi di ti i NRC KURCHATOV INSTITUTEKURCHATOV INSTITUTE–– main directions in NRC main directions in NRC ««KURCHATOV INSTITUTEKURCHATOV INSTITUTE»»
New technologies of hydrogen productionPlasma chemical methods for CH4, H2O, CO2, H2SPlasma chemical methods for CH4, H2O, CO2, H2S conversion and new technologies on the basis of these methodsHydrogen storage, delivery and distributionUse of hydrogen for energy generationMembrane gas separation technology including different methods of membrane creation and modificationH d f t d d t d dHydrogen safety, codes and standardsEducation
121069, Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) 739-54-35, Fax: +7 (495) 690-24-98; Web site: www.globalenergyprize.org; e-mail: [email protected]
KEY ELEMENTS f HYDROGEN ENERGYKEY ELEMENTS f HYDROGEN ENERGYKEY ELEMENTS of HYDROGEN ENERGY KEY ELEMENTS of HYDROGEN ENERGY
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CONCEPT of NUCLEARCONCEPT of NUCLEAR--HYDROGEN ENERGY HYDROGEN ENERGY
from water – thermo chemical cycles
from water – high temperaturefrom water – high temperatureelectrolysis
from natural gas – steam reforming
module helium nuclear reactor
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HYDROGEN production with the use of heat and electric energy of high temperature nuclear reactor
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Plasma, membrane, catalytic technologiesPlasma, membrane, catalytic technologies
Powerful high efficiency plasma (in particular – microwave) systems - the basis of hydrogen production technology (from methane, hydrocarbon fuels)( , y )
Advanced membrane technologies and apparatus for gas separation, hydrogen
d ti d ifi tiproduction and purification
High efficiency catalytic
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High efficiency catalytic recombiners and hydrogen sensors for hydrogen safety
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New technologies New technologies of hydrogen productionof hydrogen productiony g py g p
A new generation of electrolysis systems based y yon PEM for high purity hydrogen production at high pressure (up to 130 bar, in perspective up to 300 bar)300 bar)
Reduction of energy cost of hydrogen production (by 10%)Specific capacity increase (by 30%)
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Decrease of noble metal consumption (2-3 times)High safety level
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HYDROGEN production from biomass and wasteHYDROGEN production from biomass and waste
high specific production rate;
pollution free;
production of pure syn‐gas in ideal plug flow regime;
absence of problems with solid remains;p
treatment of any type of hydrocarbon waste
products and biomass;
binding of sulfur and other harmful substancesbinding of sulfur and other harmful substances
Pilot plant for plasma assisted waste treatment built in Israel using RRC
«KURCHATOV INSTITUTE» technology
Plasma-melt technology of gasification of municipal waste
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gasification of municipal waste (solid and liquid hydrocarbons,
coal, biomass)8
Advanced system of hydrogen storage Advanced system of hydrogen storage at ultra high pressures (100 MPa and higher) at ultra high pressures (100 MPa and higher)
The development of technology of fuel gas accumulation (methane, hydrogen and its
based on glass capillary arraysbased on glass capillary arrays
Advantages:
p gy g ( , y gmixtures) with the record volume and weight fuel content in comparison with existing technologies
safety – close to hydrides and higher than other hydrogen storage methods; Advantages:number of working cycles – bigger than hydrides, close to high pressure tanks and liquid hydrogen systems;in contrast to hydrides it is not necessary to heat the system to release the hydrogen; there is not hydrogen loss during the storage unlike to liquid hydrogen.
The volume of module of multicapillaries –not less than 10 cm3;
The volume of storing hydrogen (methane) in the module – not less than 5,4 (4,5) liters at normal conditions;
The weight content of hydrogen (methane) in multicapillary structure - not less than 10% (50%);
The volume content of hydrogen (methane) in multicapillary structure - not less than 45
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multicapillary structure and module of multicapillariesp y
g/l (300 g/l).
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The use of HYDROGEN for energy generation
Main advantages of power units basedMain advantages of power units based on fuel cells:
high energy efficiency and specific
power intensity and their lowpower intensity and their low
dependence on power;
low noise;
ll fpollution free
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Pilot energy system of module type (10 kW) based on PEM fuel cells10
POWER UNIT of UNMANNED LIGHT FLYING VEHICLEBASED on HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
An ultra light PEM Fuel Cell battery has been developed and tested (as an on-board
BASED on HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
An ultra light PEM Fuel Cell battery has been developed and tested (as an on-board energy supply system for Unmanned Light Flying Vehicles ) for the first time in Russia
I f fli ht d tiIncrease of flight duration • up to 2 times (with 300 bar vessel)• up to 4 times (with advanced hydrogen
storage system and auxiliaries)storage system and auxiliaries) in comparison of ULFV based on Li ion accumulators
Nominal power 250 WVoltage 36 VCurrent 7 А
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Current 7 АHydrogen consumption 180 l/hour
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NANO TECHNOLOGIES NANO TECHNOLOGIES fffor for
HYDROGEN ENERGYHYDROGEN ENERGYHYDROGEN ENERGY HYDROGEN ENERGY
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Nano technologies for HYDROGEN ENERGYNano technologies for HYDROGEN ENERGY
Nano-catalysts for electrolyzers and fuel cells (specific productivity i l bl t lincrease, lower noble metals consumption, dramatic increase in life time);
Nano-structured membranes and elements for hydrogen production and purification systems forand purification systems, for hydrogen sensors;
Nano-films, nano-layers, nano-Nano films, nano layers, nanostructures for passive systems of hydrogen safety.
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Nano technologies for HYDROGEN ENERGYNano technologies for HYDROGEN ENERGY
a)Fuel cells and electrolyzers with PEM
nanostructured carbon carriers; )nanostructured carbon carriers;surface modification of carbon materials (increased chemical stability);nanostructured electrocatalysts based on platinum and y ppalladium alloys (including catalysts on carriers);nanostructured "mixed" oxide catalysts;protective and catalytic coatings;
b)physical methods of synthesis (magnetron-ion sputtering, ion implantation);
Nanostructured platinum catalystsa) Vulcan XC-72R
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a) Vulcan XC-72Rb) Carbon nanofiber Magnetron discharge in an
installation for the magnetron-ionsputtering
Electrolyzers (0,2 m3/h H2, pressure 30 bar) with nanostructure catalysts
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HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES for for
RENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY
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HYDROGEN HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES TECHNOLOGIES for for RENEWABLE RENEWABLE ENERGYENERGY
The use of advanced technologies of hydrogenThe use of advanced technologies of hydrogen production and energy generation from hydrogen to accumulate the energy produced by renewable energyrenewable energysystems (wind photovoltaic tidal) or control the load in asystems (wind, photovoltaic, tidal) or control the load in a grid connected regime of such system.
The main problem of renewable energy systems is theThe main problem of renewable energy systems is the instability of electric energy produced (due to the absence or decrease of wind power, daily and seasonal variations in sun radiation level etc )in sun radiation level, etc.)
When operating in an autonomous regime a hydrogen system can be used to accumulate energy, whereas when y gyoperating in a grid it can be used to control the load. The latter is especially topical for high-power plants, for example tidal power plants.
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example tidal power plants.
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HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES for HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES for RENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY
Energy accumulation (load control) by hydrogen to increase energy efficiency of renewable energyrenewable energygy y gygysystems:
autonomous (out of grid) systems networked applications
Hydrogen production with the help of renewable energyrenewable energysystemssystems
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Stages of hydrogen technology of energy Stages of hydrogen technology of energy accumulationaccumulation
Hydrogen production (usually from water)
Hydrogen storageHydrogen storage
E ( l t i it d h t)Energy (electricity and heat) generation
Hydrogen safety
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ENERGY ACCUMULATION by HYDROGENENERGY ACCUMULATION by HYDROGEN
O.S.PopelMain advantages:
high capacity – adequate to power of wind and solar (photovoltaic) energy plantspossibility of long term (seasonal) energy storage
pMain advantages:
possibility of long term (seasonal) energy storage three-fold and more (in case of long-term storage) decrease of energy accumulation cost in comparison with traditional electrical energy accumulationmodular design, fast start and "start/stop“ procedures
For the main types of renewable energy resources, including tidal power plants, the use of low temperature electrolyzers and fuel cells is preferable.
Effi i f t f ti ith h dEfficiency of energy transformation with hydrogen accumulation - up to 50 %.
Scheme of utilization of “hydrogen”
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accumulator to smooth characteristics of energy source
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Pilot energy accumulation system based on Pilot energy accumulation system based on hydrogen technologies hydrogen technologies
in NRC in NRC ««KURCHATOV INSTITUTEKURCHATOV INSTITUTE»»
Key elements of the system:
High Pressure Electrolyzer (10 m3/h, 130 bar)
H2 storage system #1 (hi h l 130(high pressure vessels, 130 bar, up to 70 m3)
H2 storage system #2 (metal hydrides)(metal hydrides)
PEM Fuel Cell (10 kW)
Schematic view of the system
Demonstration energy accumulation system based on hydrogen technologies
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Demonstration energy accumulation system based on hydrogen technologies (modular design, efficiency - up to 35%)
Hydrogen safety, codes and standards
Hydrogen, the most efficient energy carrier, has the highest
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Hydrogen, the most efficient energy carrier, has the highest energy content for chemical fuels. When dealing with hydrogen it is important to observe special measures of precaution due to physical and chemical properties of
100
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hydrogen and hydrogen-air mixtures. When these measures are observed, hydrogen is no more dangerous than traditional hydrocarbon fuels, such as – petrol, kerosene methane etc
Theoretical and experimental research to support
kerosene, methane, etc.
Main areas of research:
Theoretical and experimental research to support regulation documents and technologies of hydrogen safety. Mathematical models and computer codes development.
200 30
Research and development in the area of new methods and technical tools ensuring fire-explosion safety of hydrogen technologies and systems
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TThank you for your attentionhank you for your attention !!
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MODELLING of PROCESSES and TECHNOLOGIES MODELLING of PROCESSES and TECHNOLOGIES of HYDROGEN ENERGYof HYDROGEN ENERGY
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cath
ode
flow
, rel
.
4
5
6
GAS-WATER REGIMES of FUEL CELLS
toic
hiom
etric
ratio
of c
2
3
4
GROUTH and SELF-ORGANIZATION of STRUCTURES on the SURFACE
Stoichiometric ratio of anode flow, rel.
2 4 6 8 10 12
S 2 STRUCTURES on the SURFACE
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HYDROGEN GENERATION, DISTRIBUTION, COMBUSTION/DETONATION/RECOMBINATION
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