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REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

National Commission for the Fight against Genocide

Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside

-CNLG-

Tel 0252 580482 /3/4/5/6 – Fax 0252 580027 – P.O Box: 7035 Kigali – Hotline: 3560

E-mail: administrator@cnlg.gov.rw – Web site: www.cnlg.gov.rw

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KURWANYA JENOSIDE N’INGENGABITEKEREZO YAYO

1. DUSOBANUKIRWE NA JENOSIDE ICYO ARI CYO N’UKO ITEGURWA

1.1.Jenoside ni iki?

Dukurikije igitabo cya Samuel Totten and Paul R. Bartrop (ed), The Genocide Studies

Reader1, Ijambo « Jenoside » ryahanzwe n’umunyamategeko w’umuyahudi wabaga muri

Pologne, Raphaël LEMKIN ashingiye ku ijambo ry’ikigereki genos rivuga ubwoko

cyangwa inkomoko, hamwe n’iry’ikilatini cãedere risobanura kwica. Raphael Lemkin

ashinga iri jambo yashakaga kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya Jenoside n’ibindi

byaha ndengakamere

1Samuel Totten and Paul R. Bartrop (ed), The Genocide Studies Reader, 2009 Routledge

UK, p 5)

byibasira inyoko muntu (Crime contre l’humanité cyangwa Crime against humanity).

Icyi cyaha gishingiye ku mugambi wo kurimbura burundu abantu bo mu bwoko, bo mu

idini cyangwa batuye ahantu runaka. Ntabwo abantu barimburwa baba bazize y’uko bari

ku rugamba cyangwa ngo bahorwe ibindi byaha. Ahubwo bahorwa gusa icyo baricyo.

Mu by’ukuri, abakora Jenoside nibo bashyiraho ibiranga abo bashaka kurimbura.

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga [(UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the

Crime of Genocide (UNCG)] yemejwe na ONU tariki ya 9/12/1948, ashyirwa mu

bikorwa tariki ya 12/1/1951, amaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu byose bigize uwo muryango,

yavuze mu magambo yumvikanyweho (compromise) icyo Jenoside aricyo. Yagize ati

« Muri aya masezerano, Jenoside bivuga kimwe muri ibi bikorwa bikurikira bikoranywe

umugambi wo kurimbura bose cyangwa igice cy’abantu bahuriye ku bwenegihugu

(national), ubwoko (ethnical), ibara ry’uruhu (racial), idini :

Ibyo bikorwa ni ibi :

1. Kwica abantu b’itsinda rimwe (group)

2. Gukomeretsa bikabije imibiri cyangwa ibitekerezo by’abantu b’itsinda rimwe (group)

3. Gushyira abantu b’itsinda rimwe mu buzima bubi (conditions) ubigendereye

bwatuma ugamije ko barimbuka bose cyangwa igice.

4. Gushyiraho uburyo bubuza iryo tsinda kubyara

5. Kwambura iri tsinda abana babo bagahabwa irindi ridafite aho bahuriye

Icyitonderwa:

Kugira ngo Jenoside ishoboke igomba kuba ishyigikiwe na Leta. Leta igira umugambi

n’ubushake bisesuye (intention) byo gutsemba icyo gice cy’abaturage bayo kandi koko

ikabishyira mu bikorwa. Leta itegura Jenoside ibikorera gahunda kandi ikayigeraho.

Uwicwa ntazira icyo yakoze, azira gusa ko ari umwe mu bagize igice cy’abo baturage

bagomba gutsembatsembwa.

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Jenoside igira umurongo mugari igenderaho. Niwo uhuza abasangiye icyerekezo kimwe

cyo gukora Jenoside. Uwo murongo mugari niwo bita ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikorerwa propaganda, igasakara mu bantu benshi, ikagira

ingufu maze abantu bakayigenderaho bakemera gukora Jenoside.

Jenoside yose iba ifite organisation: ntagipfa kwikora. Ibyo bita ko bisa n’uburakari

bw’abaturage biba bifite ibyabibanjirije, byigishijwe, kandi byateguwe neza. Kandi nibyo

bifashisha mu gukora Jenoside.

1.2. Itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside

Jenoside ni ubwicanyi ndengakamere butegurwa kandi bugashyirwa mu bikorwa

bishyigikiwe na Leta. Leta igira umugambi n’ubushake bisesuye (intention) byo

gutsemba igice cy’abaturage bayo kandi ikabishyira mu bikorwa. Leta itegura Jenoside

ibikorera gahunda kandi ikayigeraho. Uwicwa ntazira icyo yakoze, azira gusa ko ari

umwe mu bagize itsinda runaka bagomba gutsembatsembwa.

Kugirango Jenoside ishyirwe mu bikorwa, umushakashatsi kuri Jenoside Gregory Stanton

yagaragaje ko itegurwa ryayo rigaragarira mu byiciro1 umunani bikurikirana (8 stages)

2.

1. Mbere ya byose, abategura Jenoside batandukanya abaturage, bakabacamo íbice

bibiri («Us» and «Them ») bagendeye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, inkomoko

cyangwa imyemerere. Muri iki gikorwa, abategura Jenoside bagerageze kumvisha

abaturage ko kubacamo íbice ntacyo bitwaye kandi ko nta ngaruka bifite. Ariko

mu byukuri bo baba bazi impamvu yabyo n’icyo bashaka kuzageraho.

2. Nyuma yo gucamo abaturage íbice, buri tsinda rihabwa izina ryihariye,

rikagenderwaho babatandukanya n’abandi badahuje itsinda. Aha niho mu

Rwanda Abanyarwanda bagabanijwemo Abahutu n’Abatutsi, Aba Nazi

n’Abayahudi mu Budage n’ahandi. Ibi bigashimangirwa n’inyigisho z’urwango

zirushaho gutandukanya amatsinda yombi, kugeza ubwo itsinda ryibasiwe rifatwa

nk’umwanzi mu muryango ribarizwamo.

3. Nyuma yo gutandukanya amatsinda no kuyaha amazina y’ihariye kuri buri tsinda,

itsinda ryibasiwe ritangira kwamburwa ubumuntu, abarigize bakagereranywa

n’ibikoko. Aha niho mu Rwanda Abatutsi batangiye kwitwa inyenzi, inzoka, …

4. Ku rwego rwa kane, abategura Jenoside barangwa n’ibikorwa bitandukanye

bitegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Hategurwa hakanigishwa abazayikora,

hagashakwa ibikoresho bizifashishwa, n’ibindi. Ni muri uru rwego mu Rwanda

hashyizweho imitwe y’interahamwe, impuzamugambi,... bakigishwa kwikiza

umwanzi; bakagura ibikoresho bitandukanye bizifashishwa (imipanga,

amahiri....), etc.»

1 Ibyiciro= Urwego, Etapes mu rurimi rw’igifaransa cyangwa Stages mu rurimi rw’icyongereza 2 Gregory H. Stanton, “The Eight Stages of Genocide” from the book The Genocide Studies Reader, 127-129P.

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5. Ku rwego rwa gatanu, abategura Jenoside batangira kwibasira abatagira aho

babogamije, batabyumva kimwe nabo; kugirango bitazababuza gushyira mu

bikorwa umugambi wabo wa Jenoside.

6. Ku Rwego rwa gatandatu, abagomba kwicwa bashyirwa ahagaragara, hagakorwa

urutonde (listes).

7. Nyuma yo gukora urutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa, hakurikiraho kubica

hagamijwe kumaraho abagize itsinda runaka.

8. Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, iteka abayikoze ntibaba bemera ibyaha

bakoze. Nibwo usanga barangwa no guhakana ibyabaye, bagahisha ukuri,

bakibasira abatangabuhamya n’ibindi byose bagamije kuburizamo ibimenyetso

bituma umugambi wabo umenyekana n’uburyo wateguwe.

Mu byukuri, tugendeye kuri Jenoside zabaye hirya no hino ku isi, Jenoside yose

irategurwa, ntipfa kubaho. Jenoside igira umurongo mugari igenderaho. Niwo uhuza

abasangiye icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukora Jenoside. Uwo murongo mugari niwo bita

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside isakazwa mu bantu benshi, ikagira ingufu maze abantu

bakayigenderaho bakemera gukora Jenoside.

1.3. Jenoside itandukanye n’intambara

Intego yabyo si imwe: Intambara iba igamije gutsinda maze abatsinzwe bakayoboka

abatsinze. Jenoside ntiba igamije gutsinda ngo abatsinzwe bayoboke ababatsinze, ahubwo

iba igamije kurimbura abo yibasiye ntihasigare n’umwe.

Intambara igira amategeko ayigenga, utayubahirije akaba yabihanirwa. Ushyize intwaro

hasi agasaba imbabazi arazihabwa, ntiyicwa. Nta mategeko agenga Jenoside, abayikora

ntakibakoma imbere. Nta n’ubwo batanga imbabazi.

Intambara igira imfungwa z’intambara, Jenoside iba igamije kumaraho itsinda runaka,

ntigira imfungwa. Intambara ikorwa n’ingabo z’abasirikare, ntihajyamo abaturage

basanzwe. Jenoside yo siko biri kuko ngo mu Rwanda yakozwe n’abasirikare ndetse

n’abaturage basanzwe batagira ingano.

Mu ntambara birabujijwe kwibasira abaturage muri rusange, by’umwihariko abana,

abagore, abasaza, abarwayi, abamugaye n’umwe mu barwana umanitse amaboko n’ubwo

hari abagwa mu ntambara bwose. Jenoside yibasira abagize itsinda runaka igamije

kubamaraho bose, ntawe isize inyuma.

Intambara igira ingaruka mbi n’inziza ariko Jenoside ingaruka zayo zose ni mbi gusa.

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1.4. Jenoside itandukanye n’ibindi byaha by’ubwicanyi

Habaho ubwicanyi butandukanye: hari ububa bugamije kwihorera, ubugamije guhana,

hari ubuterwa n’uburakari busanzwe, urugomo n’ibindi. Ubwicanyi nk’ubwo

ntibukorerwa gahunda na Leta ngo butegurwe ngo ishishikarize igice kimwe

cy’abaturage bayo kuzakorera ubwo bwicanyi ikindi gice cy’abatuge bayo. Ubwicanyi

busanzwe ntibuba bugamije gutsemba igice cy’abaturage bo mu bundi bwoko. Jenoside

yo nicyo iba igamije: gutsembatsemba abari mu bundi bwoko bwibasiwe na Leta.

Jenoside itandukanye n’ibindi byaha by’ubugome nk’ibyaha byo mu ntambara n’ibindi

byaha byibasira inyokomuntu, kuko byo biba bikomoka kuri iyo ntambara, mu gihe

abicwa muri Jenoside bo baba bazira uko baremwe gusa.

Jenoside iteka ishingira ku ivangura ritegurwa rikanashyirwa mu nzego, rigahabwa

intebe, rikagirwa umurongo ngenderwaho w’Igihugu.

2. JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA MU 1994

2.1. Uko yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa

1. Gucamo Abanyarwanda mo ibice (Classification): Abahutu n’Abatutsi – (kwandika

Hutu/Tutsi mu Ndangamuntu, kwigisha ko badakomoka hamwe, kubasumbanya etc.);

2. Kubaha ibibaranga (Symbolisation) – Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Abatutsi ni ba mazuru, ba

runyunyusi barangwa n’ubugome, ubuhake, uburyarya, etc.

3. Kubambura ubumuntu (Deshumanisation) – (Kwita Abatutsi inzoka, Inyenzi, kuvuga

ko bafite imirizo, Amatwi atendera, gutanga uburenganzira bwo kwica, guhemba

abishe etc).

4. Kwishyira hamwe kw’abicanyi (Organization) – Hutu power, Interahamwe,

gushyiraho inzego z’abicanyi, gukwiza ibikoresho, ubukangurambaga bw’abicanyi,

gukora lisiti zabicwa no kuzitangaza etc.

5. Gutanya abagomba kwicwa n’abazabica (Polarisation) – umwanzi wacu ni umwe!

(Umututsi). Ref. “Amategeko 10 y’Abahutu ya Kangura N0

6, Ukwakira 1990”3 )

6. Kwitegura (Preparation) – Amaradiyo RTLM, Lisiti z’ibyitso, n’izabagomba

kwicwa, gutegura ingabo, gutoza imitwe y’abicanyi no kuyimara ubwoba, kugerageza

ubwicanyi, kuvuga ko hagiye kuba akantu: mwitegure!, etc.

7. Gutsemba (Extermination) – Abazavuka bazabaze uko Umututsi yasaga!

8. Guhakana Jenoside. (Denial /Négationisme/ Révisionisme)-Double Jenoside, Urupfu

rw’umubyeyi Habyarimana, kwitabara etc.

2.2. Ibindi byerekana ko Jenoside yateguwe

- Hashyizweho imitwe y’abicanyi:

Réseau zero : Agatsiko k’abicanyi bo hejuru muri politiki kakoreraga mu

ibanga.

Amasasu : Abasirikare bakuru barwanyaga amasezerano ya Arusha

Interahamwe (MRND)

Impuzamugambi (CDR)

3 Aya Gitera yo muri 1959 ndetse n’aya Kangura yo muri 1990 (Kangura no 6)

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Abakombozi (PSD Power) n’abandi….

- Hatanzwe intwaro, zikwirakwizwa n’abayobozi mu baturage hagamijwe gutsemba

Abatutsi,

- Hashyizweho bariyeri nyinshi hagamijwe kubuza Abatutsi guhunga,

- Hakoreshejwe amayeri yo guhuriza (gukusanyiriza) Abatutsi hamwe mu bigo no mu

masengero kugira ngo biborohere kubica,

- Habaye ubwicanyi bunyuranye imbere ya 1994, buyobowe n’abayobozi ba gisiviri

n’abagisirikare: I Kibirira mu 1990, I Murambi mu 1990, Mu mutara mu 1990, Mu

Bigogwe mu 1991, I Nasho mu 1990-1991, Mu Bugesera mu 1992, Ku Kibuye mu

1992, Ku Gisenyi mu 1993

2.3. Umwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda

Abantu benshi cyane bishwe mu gihe gito cyane (Abarenze 1.000.000 mu minsi

100 gusa).

Abaturage basanzwe kandi benshi cyane bishe bagenzi babo baturanye ku

misozi, basangiraga, basenganaga, bashyingiranaga etc.

Abicwaga n’abicaga bari bahuje umuco n’ururimi.

Abaturage bishe bari bafitanye isano rya hafi.

Hakoreshejwe intwaro za gakondo zitica vuba nk’ubuhiri, ubufuni

etc..hagamijwe gushinyagurira abicwaga.

Hakoreshejwe ubugome bukabije (Kwicukurira no kwihamba, gukubita abana

ku nkuta, kwanduza SIDA, kurya abantu no kunywa amaraso, etc).

Inzego zose za Leta, amadini n’imiryango inyuranye zagize uruhare mu

bwicanyi.

LONI, amahanga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa

muntu batereranye u Rwanda kandi bahari.

3. DUSOBANUKIRWE INGENGABITEKEREZO YA JENOSIDE N’AHO

IGARAGARIRA

3.1. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni iki?

Nk’uko itegeko n0 18/2008 ryo ku wa 23/07/2008 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya

Jenoside ribivuga mu ngingo yaryo ya 2, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni urusobe

rw’ibitekerezo bigaragarira mu myifatire, imvugo, inyandiko n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije

cyangwa bihamagarira abantu kurimbura abandi hashingiwe ku bwoko, inkomoko,

ubwenegihugu, akarere, ibara ry’umubiri, isura, igitsina, ururimi, idini cyangwa

ibitekerezo bya politiki, bikozwe mu gihe gisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy’intambara.

3.2. Ibiranga icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Ingingo ya 3 y’itegeko n0 18/2008 ryo ku wa 23/07/2008 rihana icyaha

cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ivuga ko icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

kigaragarira mu myifatire irangwa n’ibimenyetso bigamije kwambura ubumuntu umuntu

umwe cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu bafite icyo bahuriyeho nko mu buryo bukurikira:

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1. Gutoteza, gutera ubwoba, gutesha agaciro mu mvugo, mu nyandiko cyangwa mu

bikorwa bisebanya, birangwamo ubugome cyangwa byenyegeza urwango

2. Gushyira mu kato, gushinyagurira, kwigamba, kwandagaza, guharabika, gutesha

isura, kuyobya uburari hagamijwe gupfobya Jenoside yabaye, guteranya abantu,

kwihimura, kwangiza ubuhamya cyangwa ibimenyetso bya Jenoside yabaye.

3. Kwica, gutegura umugambi wo kwica cyangwa kugerageza kwica undi bishingiye

ku ngengabitekerezo

Ibindi bisobanuro

Abahuriye ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bemera ko ibintu byamera neza ari

uko barimbuye burundu abo bita abanzi babo, ari nabo babonamo kuba ba

nyirabayazana b’ibibazo baba bafite;

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ibaho mbere ya Jenoside, muri Jenoside na

nyuma yayo;

Hari aho yaba ntihabe Jenoside ariko nta haba Jenoside hatari kandi hatabanje

ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Twavuga ko ijambo ‘Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside’ ryinjiye mu mvugo

y’Abanyarwanda nyuma ya 1994. Rikoreshwa hagamijwe gusobanura ukuntu

Jenoside yashoboye kuba mu gihugu runaka. Mu Rwanda, ijambo

“ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside” rikubiyemo umugambi wo kumva uko abantu

batabarika bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo no gusobanukirwa ukuntu abandi bantu

benshi bemeye umugambi w’ubwicanyi kandi bakemera kuwushyira mu bikorwa.

Iryo jambo rikoreshwa hagamijwe guhamagarira abantu ngo bikingire kandi

bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo, n’imyifatire cyangwa ibikorwa bishobora guhembera

Jenoside.

3.3. Uko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yagaragaye mu Rwanda

Politiki y’ivangura, amacakubiri n’akarengane;

Guhimbira abantu ibibaranga (Définition des stéréotypes) ;

Amategeko icumi y’abahutu (Gitera na Kangura);

Ibinyamakuru, Radiyo (Kangura, RTLM,......)

Imvugo y’abanyapolitiki n’abandi bayobozi (Léon MUGESERA, KAYIBANDA,

HABYARIMANA, BAGOSORA,...).

3.4. Amategeko n’amabwiriza bihana ibyaha byerekeye Jenoside mu Rwanda

Itegeko No 47/2001 ryo ku wa 18/12/2001 rihana icyaha cy’ivangura

n’amacakubiri

Itegeko N0 n° 33 bis/2003 of 06/09/2003 rihana icyaha cya Jenoside, ibyaha

byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’intambara

Itegeko N018/2008 ryo ku wa 23/07/2008 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya

Jenoside;

Itegeko Nº 56/2008 ryo kuwa 10/09/2008 rigenga inzibutso n’amarimbi

by’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda;

Amabwiriza areba imyitwarire y’imitwe ya politike yemewe mu Rwanda

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N’andi mategeko

3.5. Uburyo bwo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside

Kuvuga ko Jenoside itabayeho

Kuyita andi mazina (amahano, ibyabaye, etc)

Kuvuga ko byari intambara, ubwicanyi

Kuvuga ko byari uburakari bw’abahutu kubera urupfu rwa Habyarimana

Kuvuga ko habaye double génocide

Kurwanya kwibuka

Gufata nabi inzibutso

Gutoteza no kwica abacitse ku icumu

Gushyigikira ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Guhishira no guhisha ukuri mu butabera

Kwigisha amacakubiri n’inzangano mu mashuri, mu madini, mu mashyaka ya

politiki muri za associations n’ahandi.

Gufatanya no gutera inkunga abafite umugambi wo gukora Jenoside

3.6. Amagambo akoreshwa mu byerekeye Jenoside n’impamvu

No Ntibavuga Bavuga Impamvu

1 Intambara yo muri

1994

Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi

Jenoside itandukanye n’intambara

2 ItsembAbatutsi

Itsembatsemba

Irimburabwoko

Itsembabwoko

n’itsembatsemba

Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi

-Dukurikije icyo Jenoside aricyo (définition),

habaye umugambi n’igikorwa cyo gutsemba

Abatutsi ariko nta tsembatsemba cyangwa

itsembabwoko byabaye kuko hari abasigaye.

-Jenoside ryabaye ijambo ry’ikinyarwanda ni

naryo ryanditswe mu Itegeko Nshinga

-Habuze ijambo ry’ikinyarwanda risobanura

nyabyo inyito « Genocide » ibi kandi byerekana

ko mu muco wa kinyarwanda, mu mitekerereze

no mu rurimi nta kintu nk’icyo kigeze kibaho.

3 Ubwicanyi,

Abanyarwanda

basubiranyemo

Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi

Jenoside ntabwo ari intambara cyangwa

ubwicanyi (civil war, guerre civile)

4 Jenoside y’Abatutsi Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi

- Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda

ryo kuwa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe

kugeza ubu, mu ngingo yaryo ya 9, rivuga ko

ibyabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994 ari Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi.

-Jenoside y’Abatutsi ntisobanura neza ko ari

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bityo abayipfobya

cyangwa abayihakana bakaba babyifashisha

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bakavuga ko ari Jenoside yakozwe n’Abatutsi.

-Ni bande bakoze Jenoside? Mu bakoze Jenoside

harimo abahutu ari nabo benshi hakabamo

n’Abatutsi bake ndetse n’abanyamahanga. Icyo

bari bahuriyeho bose ni ugutsemba Abatutsi.

-Abahutu baguye muri iyi Jenoside ntabwo

wavuga ko ari Jenoside yakorewe Abahutu.

Bazize ko banze gushyigikira umugambi wo

gutsemba Abatutsi.

5 Jenoside yatewe

n’ihanurwa ry’indege

ya Habyarimana

Ihanurwa

ry’indege ntaho

rihuriye na

Jenoside.

-Jenoside yateguwe kuva muri 1959.

-Jenoside yatangiye mu 1990.

-Ihanurwa ry’indege ryabaye urwitwazo rwo

kurangiza umugambi wari usanzwe uriho.

-Gutoranya no gutoza abicanyi (Interahamwe)

mu gihugu cyose, kubaha intwaro, gukora liste

y’abazicwa, gushyiraho za bariyeri,

etc…ntibishoboka ko byakorwa mu gihe gito

kuva aho indege irasiwe n’igihe Jenoside

yatangiriye.

6 Habaye Jenoside

ebyiri (double

genocide)

Habaye Jenoside

imwe gusa

yakorewe

Abatutsi.

-Jenoside ifite uko isobanurwa, uko itegurwa

n’uko ishyirwa mu bikorwa.

7 Kwibuka ni

imbogamizi ikomeye

ku bumwe

n’ubwiyunge.

Kwibuka

bikwiye

kumvikana

nk’inkingi

ikomeye

y’ubumwe

n’ubwiyunge.

-Reba “Akamaro ko kwibuka”

8 Hapfuye abantu

bagera ku bihumbi

800

Hapfuye

abarenga

miliyoni

-Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bukemezwa

n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri bwemeza ko hapfuye

abarenga miliyoni.

9 Amagufa, ibisigazwa Imibiri y’abazize

Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi

Guha icyubahiro inzirakarengane zazize

Jenoside

10 Gutaburura Gukura imibiri

y’abazize

Jenoside

yakorewe

Abatutsi aho

yajugunywe

Barajugunywe ntabwo bashyinguwe

11 Amarimbi Inzibutso za Urwibutso ni ahantu hose hafite amateka ya

10

Jenoside Jenoside

3.7. Imvugo n’amagambo bigaragaza amacakubiri hagati y’abahutu n’Abatutsi mu

Rwanda4

Tutsi Hutu

Hamite Umunyamahanga ukomoka

kuri Ham w’Umuyahudi

Bantu Kavukire b’umugabane

wa Afurika aribo bavuga

ko ari abenegihugu

Noble Umuntu waremewe gutegeka Roturier

(low class)

Umuntu waremewe

gutegekwa

Envahisseur

(imvador)

Umunyamahanga ufata

igihugu ku ngufu

Indigène

(indigenous)

Umwenegihugu kavukire

Féodal Umutware Serf Umugaragu

Éleveur (pastoralist) Umworozi Cultivateur

(cultivator)

Umuhinzi

Aristocrate

(aristocrat)

Umutegetsi wo hejuru Paysan (peasant) Umuturage wo hasi

w’injiji

Seigneur (Lord) Umutegetsi Esclave (slave) Ingaruzwamuheto

Oppresseur

(oppressor)

Ukandamiza Opprimé

(oppressed)

Ukandamizwa

Grand, Beau (tall,

handsome)

Muremure, mwiza Petit nègre,

simpliste (short

negro, naive)

Umwirabura mugufi

usuzuguritse

Intelligent, rusé

(intelligent, clever)

Umunyabwenge, inyaryenge

Singe à peine

dégrossi (similar to

a monkey)

Icyenda gusa n’inguge

Paresseux (lazy) Umunebwe Travailleur docile,

corvéable à merci

(docile, exploitable

worker)

Umukozi wumvira,

ukoreshwa uburetwa

Menteur né (born

liar)

Yavutse ari umubeshyi Authentique

(authentic)

Uvugisha ukuri

Faux noir (a fake

blackman)

Asa n’umwirabura ariko atari

we

Autochtone

(original)

Umwenegihugu,

umusangwabutaka

Rival du blanc, anti-

blanc (rival to a

whiteman, against a

whiteman)

Ntiyemera umuzungu, Yanga

umuzungu

Ami du blanc

(a friend to a

whiteman)

Inshuti y’umuzungu

Communiste

(communist)

Ntiyemera Imana Bon chrétien (good

christian)

Umukirisitu wumvira

4 Stereotypes selon magazine golias no 48-49

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4. INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE N’INGAMBA ZO KUYIRWANYA

4.1. Ingaruka za Jenoside mu Rwanda

Gupfusha abantu barenze miliyoni kandi b’ingeri zose.

Ubuhunzi bw’abarenze ½ cy’abari mu gihugu biganjemo abahunga kubazwa ibyo

bakoze.

Umutekano wahungabanyijwe n’abacengezi biganjemo abakoze Jenoside.

Isura y’Igihugu n’abagituye yaragayitse mu rwego mpuzamahanga.

Imibanire y’Abanyarwanda yasubiye inyuma.

Ihungabana n’ihahamuka ry’abarokotse Jenoside.

Ibikomere bikomeye ku mibiri no ku mitima by’abarokotse Jenoside.

Umubare munini w’abatishoboye (Inshike, imfubyi zibana, abapfakazi etc).

Ubwandu bwa SIDA bwariyongereye.

Abana bavutse ku babyeyi batabashaka kuko batewe inda n’abicanyi.

Abasenyewe amazu n’indi mitungo.

Ubukungu bw’Igihugu bwarahungabanye

Imfungwa nyinshi zirenze cyane ubushobozi bw’amagereza asanzwe kandi no

kuzitunga bivuna Leta, izindi zikaba zifungiwe mu mahanga n’ibindi

4.2. Ingamba zo kurwanya Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo, ihakana n’ipfobya byayo

Kuyirinda (Prévention) binyuze mu bukangurambaga,

Guca umuco wo kudahana no gucira imanza abakoze Jenoside,

Gushyiraho ibigo bikora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside,

Gushyiraho amategeko ahana icyaha cya Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo,

Gushishikariza ibindi bihugu kwibuka no gushyiraho amategeko ahana Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi n’amategeko ahana ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, ihakana

n’ipfobya byayo.

Kwita ku muryango kugira ngo ube ingoro y’amahoro n’urubuga rwo kurandura

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Kugira urwego rw’uburezi, umuyoboro nyamukuru w’ingamba zihashya

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’amacakubiri

Gukomeza gushimangira umutekano w’Igihugu

Kurushaho guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside hashyirwaho ikigega cy’indishyi

Gushyiraho isangano ryo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Kwita ku bubanyi n’amahanga nk’umuyoboro wo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo no

kubaka amahoro arambye mu Rwanda

Kurwanya ubukene, guhanga imirimo no kongera ubukungu bw’Abanyarwanda

Kwigisha no gushimangira ingamba zo kurandura ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside

Kwibuka no gushyiraho inzibutso,

4.3. Akamaro ko kwibuka

Kuba mu Rwanda harabaye Jenoside, biri mu mateka yacu y’ubu n’azaza. Kwibuka

Jenoside twese nk’Abanyarwanda bizadufasha kubaka u Rwanda rwitandukanya burundu

na Jenocide n’ibijyanye nayo byose.

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Abanyarwanda baramutse bibagiwe Jenoside bakwibagirwa n’ibyayiteye byose.

Ntacyabuza ko ishobora kongera kubaho kuko ibyayiteye bishobora kongera kubura

umutwe, bigahabwa intebe maze bigakora ishyano. Akaba ari muri urwo rwego:

Kwibuka ari ngombwa kuko bidufasha guhora turi maso.

Tugomba guhora twibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira ngo itazongera

kubaho ku bantu abo aribo bose.

Kwibuka bidufasha guhora twibombaritse, maze tukamaganira kure ibintu byose

byakurura inzangano mu banyarwanda

Kwibuka ni ngombwa kuko bidufasha kurwanya politiki yose ibiba amacakubiri,

inzangano, irondakoko n’umwiryane mu banyarwanda, kuko ari bene izo nyigisho

zabyaye Jenoside

Kwibuka bidufasha kwirinda kongera kugwa mu mutego mubi twagushijwemo

n’ubuyobozi bubi

Kwibuka bidufasha kuzabaho neza mu bihe bizaza, no kubaka sosiyete yacu

duhereye ku mateka yacu.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamaganira kure ibifitanye isano na Jenoside byose cyane

cyane amacakubiri kuko tutayamaganye yazongera kutumaraho abantu.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamagana amashyaka ya politiki ashingiye ku moko kuko

tutayamaganye yakongera kubiba umwiryane mu banyarwanda.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamaganira kure ikitwa ihezwa (exclusion) iryo ariryo ryose

ribuza umunyarwanda kubona ibyo afiteho uburenganzira byose.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamagana no kurwanya inzangano hagati y’abana b’u

Rwanda kuko kutazamagana ari ugutiza umurindi abashaka ko Abanyarwanda

bamarana.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamagana imiryango, ibigo (institutions), abagize

imiryango mpuzamahanga bitwaza ko badufasha ariko bakigisha, cyangwa

bagashyigikira amacakubiri mu banyarwanda: imfashanyo yabo ntiruta ubuzima

bw’Abanyarwanda.

Kwibuka bidufasha kwamaganira kure abayobya n’abigisha nabi amateka y’u

Rwanda n’imibanire y’Abanyarwanda.

Kwibuka bizadufasha kwamagana umuco mubi wo kudahana (impunité), ahubwo

kwibuka bidufasha kwimakaza umuco w’ubutabera.

Kwibuka bizadufasha kubaka Igihugu gitandukanye n’icyo twarazwe n’abagizi ba

nabi

Igikorwa cyo kwibuka ni icya twese: abakuru n’abato, abiciwe ababo n’ababishe, abari

mu Rwanda n’abari hanze yarwo mu gihe cya Jenoside, abariho, abari batarabaho

n’abazaza, abaturarwanda n’amahanga muri rusange.Uwiciwe afite inshingano zo

kwibuka abe bazize Jenoside, afite kandi nawe inshingano yo kubaka u Rwanda aharanira

kubaho aho guheranwa n’agahinda.Uwishe akwiye guhora yibuka amahano yakoze,

akicuza agasaba imbabazi kandi agahora ari maso kugira ngo atazongera kugwa mu

mutego yagushijwemo n’ubuyobozi bubi. Akwiye kandi guhinduka akitandukanya

n’ubugizi bwa nabi ubwo aribwo bwose cyane cyane ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Akwiye gufatanya n’abandi kwamaganira kure abakwirakwiza inzangano n’amacakubiri

mu banyarwanda.

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5. UMWANZURO

5.1. Uruhare rwa buri muturarwanda

Hakwiye kugaragara uruhare rwa buri wese mu kurwanya Jenoside, ingengabitekerezo

yayo, ihakana n’ipfobya byayo haba muri: Leta, abikorera, amadini, amashuri, abato,

abakuru, itangazamakuru n’abandi.

Urwo ruhare ruzagaragarira aha hakurikira:

1. Kwemera ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no guharanira ko

itazongera kubaho ukundi;

2. Kwirinda guhakana cyangwa gupfobya Jenoside;

3. Kwemera guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside dufatanya n’inzego zose by’umwihariko

zibishinzwe;

4. Gufasha abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside guhinduka no guhana

abayitsimbarayeho;

5. Kurangwa n’imitekerereze, imyumvire, imikorere n’imyitwarire izira ivangura iryo

ariryo ryose mu bikorwa bya buri munsi;

6. Kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu no gutoza umuntu wese kubahiriza

uburenganzira bw’abandi no kwirinda ivangura n’amacakubiri; n’ibindi.

Abaturarwanda bose dufatanyije ndetse n’amahanga, tugomba kurwanya no kurandura

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ihakana n’ipfobya byayo kuko Jenoside isenya Igihugu

kandi ikaba nta muntu n’umwe itagiraho ingaruka

5.2. Uruhare rw’amahanga

Nk’uko bivugwa mu gitabo cyitwa « Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Rwanda

n’ingamba zo kuyirandura », mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na SENA mu 1986 ku

myumvire y’Abanyarwanda, abanyamahahanga bafite uruhare mu gukwirakwiza

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, bakabinyuza ahanini mu itangazamakuru no mubo bita

impuguke ku Rwanda no ku Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ibyo kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi

cyane ku gihugu, ku mutekano wacyo no ku bubanyi n’ubutwererane hagati y’u Rwanda

n’andi mahanga. Ni muri urwo rwego amahanga akwiye kugira uruhare muri ibi

bikurikira:

- Kwamagana abapfobya n’abahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

- Gutanga ibiganiro bigamije gukumira, kurwanya Jenoside, ingengabitekerezo

yayo, ihakana n’ipfobya byayo

- Kudahishira abicanyi, kubashyikiriza ubutabera no kubacira imanza

- Gushyiraho amategeko ahana ibyaha bijyanye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi,

ingengabitekerezo yayo, ihakana n’ipfobya byayo

- Gushyiraho no kwita ku nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mahanga

(aho ziri)

- Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

- Gufasha abacitse ku icumu

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Amasomo akubiye muri iyi mfashanyigisho yerekana uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

yasenye Umuryango nyarwanda n’uko ari ngombwa gukangurira Abaturarwanda kugira

imyumvire n’imitekerereze yuzuzanya hagamijwe kugira ubufatanye mu kubaka Igihugu

cyacu cyasenywe n’inyigisho z’amacakubiri abaturarwanda bacengejwemo kuva kera

aribyo byagejeje Igihugu cyacu mu icuraburindi rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu

Rwanda 1994.

Turizera ko iyi mfashanyigisho izarushaho kumurikira no gufasha Abaturarwanda ndetse

n’Abanyamahanga gusobanukirwa n’inshingano za Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya

Jenoside n’uruhare rwa buri wese mu gukumira Jenoside n’ingangabitekerezo yayo.

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