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Tedra McNairApril 22, 2009
Period, 2
Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds
Evolution of Reptiles
• Reptiles evolved from amphibian-like ancestors. Reptiles have evolved into unique forms such as:
Turtles, snakes, and dinosaurs, but they also have taken on the appearance and habits of other vertebrate groups, such as sharks and dolphins.
Form and Function in Reptiles
-Reptiles eat a wide
variety of foods.
-Reptiles have two spongy
lungs that provide more
gas-exchange area than
those of amphibians.
However snakes only have
one.
Respiration
Feeding
What Is A Reptile?What Is A Reptile? A A reptile reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin,
lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.membranes.
Form and Function in Form and Function in ReptilesReptiles
ReproductionReproduction
Reptiles reproduce byReptiles reproduce by
internal fertilization. This is internal fertilization. This is
where the male depositswhere the male deposits
sperm inside of female.sperm inside of female.A reptilian egg is created to A reptilian egg is created to
protect the embryo from protect the embryo from
drying out. This egg is drying out. This egg is
called an amniotic (am-nee-called an amniotic (am-nee-
AHT-IK) egg.AHT-IK) egg.
The Last SurvivorsThe Last Survivors
• The four surviving groups of reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and the tuatara (too-uh-TAH-ruh)
What Is a Bird?• Birds are reptile-like
animals that maintain a constant internal body temperature. They include the following:
• An outer covering of feathers
• Two legs that are covered in scales and are used for walking and perching.
• Front limbs modified into wings.
Form, Function, and FlightBody Temperature Control
Unlike reptiles, birds can
generate their own body heat.
Animals that generate their
own body heat are called
endotherms.
Feeding
Any body heat that a bird loses
must be regained by eating
food. The more food a bird
eats, the more heat energy its
metabolism can generate.