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ReproductiveAnatomy

ReproductiveAnatomy

Male Reproductive Anatomy

Passageway for semen & urine

Composed of:bulbbody

three types of erectile tissues

crura attach to pubic arch

glansprepuce (foreskin)

Penis

Erectile Tissuecorpora cavernosum

paired tissues laterallybound by tunica albuginia

corpora spongiosumsurrounds urethra from bulb to glans

Penis

Penis

Scrotum

sac of skin and fascia that contains the testisdivided in two by septumkeeps testis outside the abdominal cavitymaintains ideal temperature for spermatogenesis3 degrees lower than body temperature

Scrotal Sacs, Dartos & Cremaster

Spermatic Cord

All structures passing to and from the testes

testicular artery

pampiniform plexus of veins

autonomic nerves

lymphatic vessels

ductus (vas) deferens

cremaster muscle

Inguinal Canal & Inguinal Hernias

Inguinal canal is 2 inch long tunnel passing through the3 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall -- weakens wall

originates at deep inguinal ring and ends at superficial ring

More common in males

Testicles

Paired organs in scrotumcontains tubes for making and moving sperm and

interstitial tissue for making the testosteronesurrounded by fibrous capsule called tunica

albuginiaseptae divide the tubules into lobules

Testicles

Progression of Tubesseminiferous

tubulesproduce spermstraight tubule

(tubulus rectus)rete testisefferent ducts

(ductule)epididymis

Testicles

Seminiferous Tubulesspermatogonia and

developing spermtransports sperm to the

straight tubule

TesticlesSertoli (sutentacular) cells

provide environment for developing spermblood - testis barriersensitive to FSHsecretesandrogen binding proteinconcentrates testosterone in

tubulesinhibinreleased when too many

sperm producedinhibits FSH and GnRH

release

HistologyTesticle

sertoli cells“nurse cells” for spermhas a prominent nucleolusspermatogonia

at base of seminiferous tubule

TesticlesLeydig (interstitial

cells)produce testosteronesensitive to lutienizing

hormonenegative feedback with

anterior pituitary

Epididymis

Epididymisattached to posterior part of testisstorage and maturation area for sperm

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocillia

nonmotile stereocillia used to reabsorb fluid and pass nutrients to sperm

surrounded by a thin layer of smooth musclemoves sperm to ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Epididymis

Ductus Deferens

Tube taking sperm from epididymis to pelvic cavitythick muscular wall to move

spermruns over the ureterforms the ampulla prior to

joining the seminal vesicle at the ejaculatory duct

Ductus Deferens

Accessory GlandsSeminal Vesiclesposterior bladderjoins the ductus deferens to form ejaculatory ductsecrets seminal fluid60% of volumefructoseenergy for spermfibrinogenclots semen so it can be propelled into vaginaprostaglandinscauses uterine contractions, thins cervical mucous

Accessory GlandsProstategland under bladderencircles urethragland secretions enter in the prostatic urethrasecretions includecitrateenergy source that enters the Krebs (TCA) cycleproteolytic enzymesdecoagulate the sperm so they can begin to travel

Accessory Glands

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glandspea-sized glands under the prostateproduces alkaline mucous prior to ejaculationneutralizes acidic environment in urethra

Accessory Glands

External Female GenitaliaMons Pubis

fatty padLabia majora/minorafolds of skinmake up vestibulevestibulearea containing urethra and

vaginaclitoriserectile tissuebulb of vestibuleerectile tissueperineumarea between vagina and

anus

Vagina

Between rectum and bladderconnection between cervix

and exteriorfornixsuperior part of vagina

surrounding cervixwall is made up ofadventitiafibroelasticmuscularis smooth musclemucosastratified squamous

Bartholin’s (Vestibular) Glands

located on each side of the vaginal openingsecrete fluid to lubricate

vaginacan become obstructed

forming cysts (Bartholin’s cysts)

Cervix

inferior “neck” of the uterusprojects into vaginacervical canalspace between vaginal

cavity and uterine cavityexternal osinternal oscervical glandssecrete mucous which

blocks sperm entry except at ovulation

UterusMuscular organ anterior to

rectum and posteror-superior to the bladder3 partsfundustop part above tubesbodyisthmusnarrowed area between

body and cervixbroad ligamentsheets of peritoneum

UterusHistologyendometriumsimple columnar

epithelium sitting on stromastratum basalisstratum functionalisbuilt up and shed during

menstrual cyclemyometrium3 layers of smooth muscleperimetriumvisceral peritoneum

Histology

Histology

Uterine (Fallopian) TubesReceives ovulated oocyteArea where fertilization

occursabout 24 hours after

ovulationtakes about 7 days for

zygote to travelcilliated simple columnar

epithelium and peristalsisPartsfimbraesweep oocyte into tubeampullabodyisthmus

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

OvaryPaired organs responsible forproduction of oocyteshormone productionestrogenprogesteroneothersmade up oftunica albuginiastromacortexsite of oogenesismedullaovarian ligamentsuspensory ligament

Ovary

Folliclesearly oocytes are halted in

developmentoocytecentrally locatedgranulosa cellshormone producingif one cell layer thick it is

called follicular cellsthecal cellshormone producing

OvaryFollicular Developmentinitiated by FSHprimordial folliclesurrounded by simple squamous follicle

cellsprimary follicle2 or more layers of cuboidal granulosa

cellssecondary folliclefluid filled antrum forms in granulosa

cellsgraafian folliclemature follicle, bulges at edge of ovarycorpus luteumremnants of follicle after ovulation

Ovary

OvaryParts of a folliclesecondary oocytezona pellucidagranulosa cellsstalkcorona radiataantrumthecal cells

OvaryOvulationsurge of LH causes

ovulationrelease of oocyte from

graafian follicleovum released into

uterine tuberemaining corpus luteum secrets estrogen and

progesteron to maintain the stratum functionalis

BreastsModified sweat glandsmade up of fat and

acini/ductsfat determines size of the

breaseacini produce milkcarried to nipple via

lactiferous ducts and lactiferous sinuses areolasuspensory ligaments support breast from the

deep pectoral facialymphatic drainage to axilla

BreastsHormonal controlprolactinstimulates production in

presence of estrogen and progesteroneoxytocinstimulates milk let-downcauses contraction of

smooth muscle around acini