[Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)

8/9/2019 [Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)

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Data Gathering

ProcedureGROUP II


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Introduction


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Introduction

Data collection is a term used to describe a

process of preparing and collecting data

Systematic gathering of data for a particular

purpose from various sources, that has been

systematically observed, recorded, organied!

Data are the basic inputs to any decision

ma"ing process in business


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Ob#ectivesD$%$ &O''(&%IO)


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Objectives for Data Collection

%he purpose of data collection is*

to obtain information

to "eep on record

to ma"e decisions about important issues,

to pass information on to others


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Sources of Data


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Sources of Data

Primary

Secondary


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Sources of Data: Primary

%he data +hich are collected from the

eld under the control and supervision o

an investigator

Primary data means original data that

has been collected specially for the

purpose in mind


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%his type of data are generally afresh

and collected for the rst time

It is useful for current studies as +ell as

for future studies

-or e.ample:your o+n /uestionnaire!


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for future studies



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for future studies



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Sources of Data: Primary -Advantages

%argeted Issues are addressed

Data interpretation is better

(0cient Spending for Information

Decency of Data

Proprietary Issues

$ddresses S ecic Research Issues


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Sources of Data: Primary -Disadvantages

1igh &ost

%ime &onsuming

Inaccurate -eed*bac"s2ore number of resources is re/uired


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Sources of Data: Secondary

Data gathered and recorded by someone

else prior to and for a purpose other

than the current pro#ect

Secondary data is data that has

been collected for another purpose!


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Sources of Data: Secondary

It involves less cost, time and e3ort

Secondary data is data that is being

reused! Usually in a di3erentconte.t!

-or e.ample4 data from a boo"!


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Sources of Data: Secondary -Advantages

(ase of $ccess

'o+ &ost to $c/uire

&larication of Research 5uestion

2ay $ns+er Research 5uestion


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Sources of Data: Secondary -Disadvantages

5uality of Research

)ot Specic to Researcher6s )eeds

Incomplete Information

)ot %imely


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%echni/uesD$%$ G$%1(RI)G


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Data Gathering echni!ues

7!%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod

%he researcher has direct contact +ith

the intervie+ee! %he researcher gathers

information by as"ing /uestions to the

intervie+ee!


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod

Example: Multiliver Company wouldinterview mallers regarding thei

favorite brand of toothpaste, soap o

shampoo.


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Direct or Intervie+ 2ethod

Pros: %he researcher can get moreaccurate ans+ers since clarication

can be made if the respondent does no

understand the /uestion!

Cons: %his method is costly and time

consuming


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8!%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod%he researcher ma"es use of a +ritte

/uestionnaire! %he researcher gives o

distributes the /uestionnaire to threspondents either by personal delivery or b

mail!


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Indirect or 5uestionnaire 2ethod

Example: udo!u ada!o would send out"uestionnaires through e#mails

regarding people$s view and

familiari%ation on the game of sudo!u.


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Pros:%he researcher can save on time andmoney in gathering the informatio

needed because /uestionnaires can b

given to a large number of respondentat the same time!


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Cons: %he researcher cannot e.pect that a

distributed /uestionnaires +ill be retrieve

because some respondents simply ignore th

/uestionnaires!

&larications cannot be made if th

respondent does not understand the /uestion


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9! %he Registration 2ethod

%his method is governed by la+s!


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Registration 2ethod

Example: &he number of registere

professionals 'an be found at th

Professional (egulation Commission

)P(C*. &he number of births and death

rates are registered in the +ationa

tatisti's -'e )+*.


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Registration 2ethod

Pros:%his method is the most reliable

since it is enforced by la+s!

Cons: Data are limited to +hat are listed in

the document!


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:! %he (.perimental 2ethod%his method is utilied to nd out

cause and e3ect relationships!


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he (.perimental 2ethod

Example: Medi'al te'hnologists would li!e t!now the ee't of a new brand of vitamins o

the growth of toddlers. &he new brand will b

ta!en by a set of toddlers, while another se

will be given the already existing brand. &h

growth of toddlers will then be 'ompared t

determine whi'h vitamins is better.


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he (.perimental 2ethod

Pros: %his method goes beyond plaidescription of data!

Cons: &are should be ta"en on ma"ing

conclusions to the result of the

e.periment!


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;! %he Observation 2ethod$s the name itself indicates is

based on observation! Observation is

"een and scientic study of a problem!


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Observation 2ethod

Example: in a study of 'onsumerbehavior the investigator instead of

as!ing the brand of wrist wat'h

used by the respondent, may

himself loo! a the wat'h.


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Schedule 2ethod

It is a proforma containing a set o

/uestions! %his proforma is lled b

enumerators +ho are specially identied fo

the purpose! %he enumerators are person

acting under the direction of researchers


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Data Gathering echni!ues:%he Schedule 2ethod

Re/uisite of a good schedule

$ccurate communication

Schedules must be attractive

Schedules must be attractive


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Determining the Sample Sie


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Slovin"s #ormula

+here n= sample sie

+= population sie

e= margin of error


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Sampling %echni/ues

S li


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Sam$ling

S$2P'I)G is the process of

selecting samples from a given

population.

S li h i


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Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling

Probability Sampling

Samples are chosen in such a +ay

that each member of the population has

a "no+n though not necessarily e/ual

chance of being included in the samples

S li h i


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Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling

$dvantages of Probability Sampling

7! It avoids biases!

8! It provides basis for calculating the margin

of error

S li h i


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Sam$ling echni!ues:Probability Sam$ling -

%&am$lesSI2P'( R$)DO2 S$2P'I)G4 Samples arechosen at random +ith members of the population

having "no+n or sometimes e/ual probability or

chance of being included in the samples!

a> 'ottery

b> Sampling +ith the use of %able of Random

)umbers

S li h i


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%&am$lesS?S%(2$%I& R$)DO2

S$2P'I)G4 Samples are randomly

chosen follo+ing certain rules set by the

researchers

Sam$ling echni! es


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%&am$lesS%R$%I-I(D R$)DO2 S$2P'I)G%his method is used +hen the populatio

) is too big to handle, thus dividing )

into subgroups called S%R$%$!

Sam$ling echni!ues:


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%&am$les&'US%(R S$2P'I)G4 &lustersampling is sometimes called area

sampling because it is usually applied

+hen the population is large! Groups or

clusters instead of individuals are

randomly chosen!

Sam$ling echni!ues:


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Sam$ling echni!ues:'on-Probability Sam$ling

)O) @ PROA$AI'I%?

S$2P'I)G4(ach member of the population does

not have a "no+n chance of beingincluded in the sample! Instead, persona

#udgement plays a very important role inthe selection!

Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on


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Sam$ling echni!ues: 'on-Probability Sam$ling -

%&am$les&O)B()I()&( S$2P'I)G4

%his type is used because of the

convenience it o3ers to theresearcher!



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%&am$les5UO%$ S$2P'I)G4 %his is verysimilar to stratied random sampling!

%he only di3erence is that the selection

of the members of the samples in

stratied sampling is done randomly



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%&am$lesPURPOSIB( S$2P'I)G4

&hoosing the respondents on

the basis of predeterminedcriteria set by the researcher!

2argin of (rror


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2argin of (rror

Chen +e use a sample, +e do not get the

actual value but #ust an estimate of the

parameter! 1ence, there is an error

associated +hen using the sample! Ce

call that the margin of error represented

by eE!

2argin of (rror


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2argin of (rror

(.ample4 Suppose +e +ant to nd the average

age of the second year students of SRS%1S!

1o+ever, due to insu0cient time, only the

students in the third Foor +ere used to estima

the average height! Obviously, the result is nothe actual average height but #ust an estimate

and thus, there is really an error +hen +e use

the sample instead of the population!

(.ample In -inding the Sample


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(.ample In -inding the SampleSie

$ group of researchers +ill conduct a survey nd out the opinion of residents of a particu

community regarding the hospital arrest

G2$! If there are 7; residents in t

community and the researchers plan to use

sample using a 7H margin of error, +h

should the sample sie be



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J $ 7H margin of error means that theresearcher is KH condent that the resultobtained using the sample +ill closelyappro.imate the result had they used thepopulation!



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%1$)L ?OUMMM

GROUP II


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GROUP II

2i"ael Rodillas

Divine Berche

Romar Aigtas

1eion Samson

Daryl Nohn Reola

Nessamel Aelardo

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[Report]Data Gathering Procedure(Group II)