REPORT TO IRIS CAPITAL ON GEOTECHNICAL … · report explanation notes appendix a: envirolab services ‘certificate of analysis’ no 180295 . ... 'p45972zn homebush rev1' dated

JK Geotechnics GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS

PO Box 976, North Ryde BC NSW 1670 Tel: 02 9888 5000 Fax: 02 9888 5003 www.jkgeotechnics.com.au

Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd, trading as JK Geotechnics ABN 17 003 550 801

REPORT

TO

IRIS CAPITAL

ON

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

FOR

PROPOSED HOTEL

AT

195 PARRAMATTA ROAD, HOMEBUSH, NSW

8 December 2017

Ref: 31064ZNrpt

31064ZNrpt Page ii

Date: 8 December 2017 Report No: 31064ZNrpt Revision No: 0

Report prepared by: Nicholas Smith Associate | Geotechnical Engineer Report reviewed by: Agi Zenon Principal I Geotechnical Engineer For and on behalf of

JK GEOTECHNICS

PO Box 976

NORTH RYDE BC NSW 1670

Document Copyright of JK Geotechnics.

This Report (which includes all attachments and annexures) has been prepared by JK Geotechnics (JKG) for its Client, and is intended for the use only by that Client. This Report has been prepared pursuant to a contract between JKG and its Client and is therefore subject to:

a) JKG’s proposal in respect of the work covered by the Report;

b) the limitations defined in the Client’s brief to JKG;

c) the terms of contract between JK and the Client, including terms limiting the liability of JKG. If the Client, or any person, provides a copy of this Report to any third party, such third party must not rely on this Report, except with the express written consent of JKG which, if given, will be deemed to be upon the same terms, conditions, restrictions and limitations as apply by virtue of (a), (b), and (c) above. Any third party who seeks to rely on this Report without the express written consent of JKG does so entirely at their own risk and to the fullest extent permitted by law, JKG accepts no liability whatsoever, in respect of any loss or damage suffered by any such third party. At the Company’s discretion, JKG may send a paper copy of this report for confirmation. In the event of any discrepancy between paper and electronic versions, the paper version is to take precedence. The USER shall ascertain the accuracy and the suitability of this information for the purpose intended; reasonable effort is made at the time of assembling this information to ensure its integrity. The recipient is not authorised to modify the content of the information supplied without the prior written consent of JKG.

31064ZNrpt Page iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE 1

3 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION 3

3.1 Site Description 3

3.2 Subsurface Conditions 3

3.3 Laboratory Test Results 4

3.4 Bedrock Classification 5

4 COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6

4.1 Dilapidation Reports 6

4.2 Excavation 6

4.2.1 Excavation Conditions 6

4.2.2 Potential Vibration Risks 6

4.2.3 Seepage 7

4.3 Retention 8

4.3.4 Retention Options 8

4.3.5 Lateral Earth Pressures 9

4.4 Footings 11

4.5 On-Grade Floor Slab 12

4.6 Soil Aggression 13

4.7 Earthquake Design 13

4.8 Additional Geotechnical Input Required 13

5 SALINITY 13

6 GENERAL COMMENTS 14

STS TABLE A: MOISTURE CONTENT TEST REPORT

STS TABLE B: POINT LOAD STRENGTH INDEX TEST REPORT

BOREHOLE LOGS 1 TO 5 INCLUSIVE (WITH CORE PHOTOGRAPHS)

FIGURE 1: SITE LOCATION PLAN

FIGURE 2: BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN

VIBRATION EMISSION DESIGN GOALS

REPORT EXPLANATION NOTES

APPENDIX A: ENVIROLAB SERVICES ‘CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS’ NO 180295

31064ZNrpt Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION

This report presents the results of a geotechnical investigation for the proposed hotel at

195 Parramatta Road, Homebush, NSW. A site location plan is presented as Figure 1. The

investigation was commissioned by returned Acceptance of Proposal dated 10 November 2017,

signed by Mr Warren Duarto of Iris Capital. The commission was on the basis of our proposal

Ref: 'P45972ZN Homebush Rev1' dated 30 October 2017.

We note that for the purpose of this report, we have adopted the 'site' as being the northern half of

the overall property (195 Parramatta Road), i.e. the area where the hotel is proposed to be

constructed.

From the supplied architectural drawings (Job No. IRI1512 Dwg Nos DA-098P2, DA-099P2, DA-

110P2, DA-101P2, DA-102P1, DA105P2 and DA-200P1, all dated 4 December 2017), prepared by

Squillace, we understand that the proposed development will comprise a 5 storey hotel building

over two levels of basement carparking. The lowest basement floor level is to be at Reduced Level

(RL) 3.8m, and excavation to a maximum depth of about 7.5m below existing surface levels is

expected to be required. As no structural loads have been supplied, typical loads for this type of

structure have been assumed.

The purpose of the investigation was to obtain geotechnical information on subsurface conditions

as a basis for comments and recommendations on excavation conditions, hydrogeological

conditions, retention options, lateral earth pressures, footings, and on-grade floor slabs.

A separate report has been prepared by our specialist environmental consulting division,

Environmental Investigation Services (EIS), presenting a Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment.

This report should be complemented by reference to the EIS report.

2 INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE

Prior to any drilling commencing, the borehole locations were electromagnetically scanned for

buried services by a specialist subcontractor.

Five boreholes, BH1 to BH5, were drilled to depths between 4.14m (BH4) and 8.8m (BH1) using

spiral augering techniques with our track mounted JK300 and truck mounted JK500 drill rigs. BH2,

BH4 and BH5 were subsequently extended to depths between 9.14m (BH4) and 10.3m (BH2) using

31064ZNrpt Page 2

rotary diamond coring techniques with water flush. The apparent compaction of the fill and strength

of the residual silty clays were assessed from the results of Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs)

completed in the boreholes, augmented by hand penetrometer tests on recovered cohesive soil

samples from the SPT split spoon sampler. The strength of the augered bedrock was assessed

from observation of the drilling resistance of a twin pronged tungsten carbide (TC) drill bit attached

to the augers, tactile examination of recovered rock chips and correlation with the results of

subsequent laboratory moisture content tests on recovered rock chips. The strength of the cored

bedrock was assessed from tactile examination of the recovered rock core and the results of

laboratory Point Load Strength Index (IS(50)) tests.

Groundwater observations were made during and on completion of drilling each borehole. Machine

slotted PVC standpipe piezometers were installed in BH1 and BH3 to allow for ongoing groundwater

level monitoring, and groundwater levels were measured in the installed standpipes approximately

3 weeks after installation. The piezometer installation details are presented on the relevant

borehole logs. No longer term groundwater level monitoring was completed.

The borehole locations, as shown on the attached Borehole Location Plan (Figure 2) were set out

by taped measurements from existing surface features. The approximate surface level at the

borehole locations was estimated by interpolation between spot heights on the supplied Lawrence

Group survey plan (Job no. 081539 Dwg no. DETL-001/A dated 21 February 2008) which forms

the basis for Figure 2. The survey datum is Australian Height Datum (AHD).

Our geotechnical engineers, Arthur Kourtesis and Tristan Piat, were on site full time during the

fieldwork and set out the borehole locations, directed the electromagnetic scanning, nominated the

sampling and testing, and prepared the borehole logs. The borehole logs are attached to this report

along with our Report Explanation Notes which describe the investigation techniques adopted, and

define the logging terms and symbols used.

Selected rock chip and rock core samples were returned to Soil test Services Pty Ltd (STS) a NATA

registered laboratory or moisture content and IS(50) tests. The results of the tests are presented on

the attached STS Tables A and B. Selected soil samples were also returned to Envirolab Services

Pty Ltd, a NATA registered laboratory, for pH, chloride content, sulfate content, and resistivity

testing, the results of which are presented on the attached Envirolab Certificate of Analysis No.

180295 (Appendix A).

31064ZNrpt Page 3

3 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION

3.1 Site Description

The site is located on an east-facing hillside which grades at approximately 3° to 4°. Flemington

Road formed the western boundary and Park Road the northern boundary.

At the time of the fieldwork, the site was wholly occupied by an asphaltic concrete surfaced carpark,

with medium to large trees around the perimeter of the carpark.

To the south of the site, at the southern end of 195 Parramatta Road, was a one and two storey

brick commercial building (Wentworth Hotel) which also had a partial basement level. Between the

building and the site was a paved and landscaped beer garden area and single storey metal clad

shed. To the east of the site was a metal clad warehouse building and concrete surfaced carpark

area. The neighbouring buildings appeared to be in good condition based on a cursory inspection

from within the subject site.

Surface levels across the site boundaries were generally similar.

3.2 Subsurface Conditions

The 1:100,000 Geological Map of Sydney indicates he site is underlain by Ashfield Shale of the

Wianamatta Group.

The boreholes disclosed a generalised subsurface profile, beneath the existing asphaltic concrete

surfacing, comprising shallow fill over residual silty clay then shale bedrock at shallow depth.

Groundwater seepage was encountered within the bedrock profile. For details of the encountered

subsurface profile, reference should be made to the attached borehole logs. A summary of the

encountered subsurface conditions is presented below:

Pavements and Fill: Asphaltic concrete between 30mm (BH5) and 50mm (BH4) thick was

penetrated from surface in all of the boreholes. Fill comprising silty clayey gravel and silty clay was

encountered from immediately beneath the asphaltic concrete in all of the boreholes except BH5,

and extended to depths between 0.2m (BH3) and 1.4m (BH1), however, we note that the deeper

fill in BH1 and BH2 may have been natural material. The fill in BH1 was assessed as being well

compacted

31064ZNrpt Page 4

Residual Silty Clay: Residual silty clay was encountered from immediately beneath the asphaltic

concrete in BH5, and from beneath the fill in BH2, BH3, BH4 and BH5. The residual silty clay was

assessed as being of high plasticity and of stiff (BH4 and BH5) and hard (BH2 and BH3) strength.

Shale Bedrock: Shale bedrock was encountered in all of the boreholes from depths between 1.2m

(BH4) and 1.6m (BH2 and BH5). The shale bedrock was of externally low to very low strength on

first contact, and increased in strength with depth to medium or medium to high strength. Over the

cored portions of BH2, BH4 and BH5, defects encountered included inclined joints, clay seams and

extremely weathered seams. The core loss zone in BH2 likely represents an extremely weathered

seam which was washed away during coring.

Groundwater: All of the boreholes were 'dry' during and on completion of augering. Between 1.5

hours and 2.5 hours after the completion of auger drilling, BH1 and BH3 remained 'dry'. Whilst

standing water was measured in the cored boreholes on completion of coring, as water is injected

into the borehole during coring, we consider these levels are not representative. On 5 December

2017, standing water was measured at a depth of 2.65m in BH3. The standpipe in BH1 was not

accessible of 5 December 2017 due to the presence of a parked car.

3.3 Laboratory Test Results

The results fo the moisture content tests correlated well with our field assessment of the in-situ

bedrock strength.

The results of the IS(50) tests correlated well with our field assessment of the in-situ bedrock strength.

The Unconfined Compressive Strength of the bedrock, as estimated from the IS(50) results using the

commonly adopted UCS = 20 x IS(50), ranged from 12MPa to 44MPa.

31064ZNrpt Page 5

The results of the aggressivity testing are summarised below:

BH1

0.5m to 0.95m

depth

BH2

0.5m to 0.95m

depth

BH2

1.5m to 1.6m

depth

BH4

1.7m to 2.0m

depth

pH

4.7 4.7 5.3 5.4

Chloride content

(mg/kg)

43 20 <10 56

Sulfate Content

(mg/kg)

340 180 68 63

Resistivity

(ohm.cm)

3,700 8,000 18,000 9,200

3.4 Bedrock Classification

Based on the Pells et al 1998 system, the bedrock classifications in the table below have been

assessed for the shale bedrock encountered:

Borehole Depth (m) and RL (mAHD) of Rock Class

Class V Class IV Class III

1 * 1.4 – 3.5

(9.4 – 7.3)

3.5 – 8.8

(7.3 – 2.0) -

2 1.6 – 3.1

(10.0 – 8.5)

3.1 – 7.89

(8.5 – 3.71)

7.89 – 10.3

(3.71 – 1.3)

3 * 1.3 – 3.5

(8.5 – 6.3)

3.5 – 6.6

(6.3 – 3.2) -

4 1.2 – 3.8

(8.9 – 6.3) -

3.8 – 9.14

(6.3 – 0.96)

5 1.6 – 2.5

(8.3 – 7.4)

2.5 – 5.71

(8.3 – 4.19)

5.71 – 9.14

(4.19 – 0.75)

* Note: augered boreholes only.

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4 COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Dilapidation Reports

Prior to any demolition and excavation commencing, we recommend that detailed dilapidation

reports be prepared for the adjoining buildings and improvements to the south and east of the site.

Such reports can be used as a baseline against which to assess possible future claims for damage

arising from the works. The respective building owners should be provided with a copy of the

dilapidation reports and be asked to confirm that the reports present a fair representation of existing

conditions. We note that Council may also require that dilapidation reports be prepared for their

adjoining assets.

4.2 Excavation

4.2.1 Excavation Conditions

Excavation for the proposed basements is expected to extend to a maximum depth of about 7.5m

below existing levels, with locally deeper excavations required for lift overrun pits and services.

Excavation to such depths will extend through the fill and natural soil profile then into the underlying

bedrock.

Excavation of the fill and natural soils, as well as the upper extremely low to very low strength

bedrock is expected to be readily achievable using conventional techniques such as the buckets of

hydraulic excavators.

Excavation through bedrock of low and greater strength will be expected to be slower, and we

recommend ripping/hammering using a large excavator (at least 30 tonne in size). Grid sawing

techniques with ripping and/or hammering will facilitate excavation.

4.2.2 Potential Vibration Risks

We recommend that considerable caution be taken during rock excavation on this site as there will

likely be direct transmission of ground vibrations to adjoining buildings and services.

The dilapidation reports and the excavation procedures should be carefully reviewed prior to the

commencement of excavation, so that appropriate equipment is used.

Excavation with hydraulic rock hammers should be completed using a hydraulic excavator fitted

with a relatively low energy hydraulic rock hammer no larger than say, a Krupp 900 size or

31064ZNrpt Page 7

equivalent. In addition, a vertical saw cut slot should be provided along the perimeter of the

excavation and the base of the slot maintained at a lower level than the adjoining rock excavation

at all times.

We recommend that continuous vibration monitoring be carried out during demolition, piling and

excavation works. Vibrations, measured as Peak Particle Velocity (PPV), can be limited to no

higher than 10mm/sec for the adjoining commercial building to the south, and 20mm/s for the

adjoining metal framed commercial building to the east. However, we recommend that these

vibration limits be reviewed following completion of the dilapidation reports on the nearby buildings.

If higher vibrations are recorded, they should be assessed against the attached Vibration Emission

Design Goals as higher vibrations may be feasible depending on the associated vibration

frequency. If it is confirmed that transmitted vibrations are excessive, then it would be necessary

to use a smaller plant or alternative techniques.

The use of a rotary grinder or grid sawing in conjunction with ripping presents an alternative low

vibration excavation technique, however, productivity is likely to be slower. When using a rock saw

or rotary grinder, the resulting dust must be suppressed by spraying with water.

The following procedures are recommended to reduce vibrations when rock hammers are used:

• Maintain rock hammer orientated towards the face and enlarge excavation by breaking small

wedges off the face.

• When operating more than one hammer at a time, operate hammers in different areas of the

site and in short bursts only to reduce amplification of vibrations.

• Use excavation contractors with experience in confined work with a competent supervisor who

is aware of vibration damage risks, possible rock face instability issues, etc. The contractor

should be provided with a full copy of this report and have all appropriate statutory and public

liability insurances.

4.2.3 Seepage

No groundwater was encountered within the soil or bedrock profiles during or on completion of

auger drilling in any of the boreholes. Approximately 3 weeks after the completion of drilling,

standing water was measured at a depth of 2.65m in BH3. Therefore, during and following heavy

or extended rain periods, seepage flows along the soil/bedrock interface, and possibly through open

defects in the bedrock profile could occur.

31064ZNrpt Page 8

Given the expected generally low permeability of the soil and bedrock profiles, we consider that

construction of a drained basement design would be feasible and appropriate. Groundwater

seepage into the basement excavation would be expected to reduce as the excavation progresses,

and the surrounding profile is drained of water. Locally higher inflows could be expected to occur

through open joints or bedding planes during and following heavy rainfall events. Such a process

would not be expected to cause any adverse effects on any surrounding structures or

improvements.

Long term groundwater flows would be expected to be of limited volume and would be able to be

controlled by draining them to a sump, or sumps for periodic pumped disposal to the stormwater

system.

Groundwater seepage into the excavation should be monitored by the site foreman and

geotechnical engineer as excavation progresses to confirm that seepage volumes are within the

range anticipated.

4.3 Retention

4.3.4 Retention Options

Where space permits, temporary batter slopes within the fill, natural soils and Class V bedrock of

1 Vertical (V) to 1 Horizontal (H) are recommended in the short term, provided that no surcharge

loads, including construction loads and existing footing loads, are placed at the top of the batters.

However, as the proposed basement will extend to, or close to, the site boundaries, such batter

slopes will not be feasible. Therefore, we consider that the excavation will need to be supported

by an engineer designed shoring system installed prior to excavation commencing.

The shoring system(s) may be incorporated into the permanent basement retention system. The

effect of ground movements on any structures and services that lie within the influence zone of the

excavation must also be taken into account. The influence zone of the excavation may be defined

as a horizontal distance of 2H (where ‘H’ is the depth of the excavation in metres) behind the wall.

Suitable retention systems, given the subsoil conditions encountered, would include a soldier pile

wall with shotcrete infill panels. Conventional bored piles are considered suitable for use on this

site.

31064ZNrpt Page 9

To reduce excavation induced movements along site boundaries, the shoring system(s) must be

anchored or braced as the excavation progresses. Approval from neighbouring land owners would

be required prior to the installation of anchors into their property.

The piles should be installed to sufficient depth below bulk excavation level, including below footing

and service excavations, to satisfy stability and founding considerations.

Drilling of rock sockets will be difficult through the medium to high strength or stronger rock requiring

the use of heavy drilling rigs equipped with rock augers and coring buckets. Some groundwater

inflow is expected into bored piles and we expect that this inflow can be controllable by conventional

pumping methods.

Given the expected depth of the shoring piles, pouring using tremie methods is recommended.

4.3.5 Lateral Earth Pressures

The major consideration in the selection of earth pressures for the design of retaining walls is the

need to limit deformations occurring outside the excavation. The following characteristic earth

pressure coefficients and subsoil parameters may be adopted for the static design of temporary or

permanent retention systems:

For anchored or propped soldier pile walls where minor movements can be tolerated, e.g.

where supporting landscaped areas or similar, we recommend the use of a trapezoidal earth

pressure distribution of 6HkPa for the soil profile and the Class IV and V shale bedrock, where

‘H’ is the retained height in metres. These pressures should be assumed to be uniform of the

central 50% of the support system. Where movements are to be limited, e.g. where

neighbouring structures or movement sensitive services are located within 2H of the wall, a

trapezoidal earth pressure distribution of 8HkPa should be adopted. The shotcrete infill

panels can be designed for 4H and 6H respectively.

The Class III Shale bedrock is likely to be self-supporting, however, for retention through the

Class III Shale bedrock, a uniform lateral pressure of 10kPa should be adopted to account

for smaller wedges which could be formed between inclined defects.

A bulk unit weight of 20kN/m3 should be adopted for the soil and shale bedrock profiles.

Any surcharge affecting the walls (e.g. traffic loading, construction loads, adjacent high level

footings, etc.) should be allowed for in the design using an 'at-rest' earth pressure coefficient,

K0, of 0.5.

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The retaining walls should be designed as 'drained' and measured taken to provide

permanent and effective drainage of the ground behind the walls. The subsoil drains should

incorporate a non-woven geotextile fabric (e.g. Bidim A34) to act as a filter against subsoil

erosion.

Lateral toe restraint of the walls may be achieved by embedding the piles into the bedrock

below bulk excavation level. An allowable lateral resistance of 300kPa can be adopted for

the Class IV and better shale bedrock. For piles embedded into bedrock below bulk

excavation level, a minimum embedment depth of 1.0m is recommended. Care is required

not to over-excavate in front of the piles, and all excavations in front of the walls, such as for

footings, tanks, buried services, etc. must be taken into account in the wall design.

Anchors bonded into Class IV or better quality shale bedrock may be designed on the basis

of a maximum allowable bond stress of 250kPa. All anchors should be proof loaded to at

least 1.3 times their working load and then locked off/prestressed to 85% of their working

load. Proof loading should be carried out in the presence of an engineer independent of the

anchor contractor. Anchors must be bonded behind a line drawn up at 45 from the base of

the excavation, with all anchors having a minimum free length and bond length of 3m. Lift off

tests should be carried out on at least 10% of all anchors to confirm that they are maintaining

their load.

Alternatively, the retaining walls could be designed using computer based Finite Element analysis

methods (e.g. Wallap or Plaxis), which could result in cost savings compared to a design based on

the above simplified earth pressure assumptions. Such analysis methods can model the actual

excavation stages, including progressive anchoring/shoring, and outputs include structural loads in

the piles and wall movements. For initial analysis, we recommend the following basic material

parameters be adopted

Material

Drained

Cohesion c (kPa)

Drained Internal Friction

(Degrees)

Bulk Unit Weight (kN/m3)

Elastic Modulus (MPa)

Fill – 28 18 20

Residual Soils 3 28 18 50

Class V Shale Bedrock 10 28 20 150

Class IV Shale Bedrock 10 30 20 350

Class III Shale Bedrock 50 35 24 1,000

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4.4 Footings

On completion of bulk excavation, Class III Shale bedrock is expected to be uniformly exposed over

the entire basement excavation, based on the cored boreholes. We therefore recommend that the

proposed building be uniformly supported on footings founded in the Class III shale bedrock profile.

Pad and strip footings and piles founded within the bedrock may be designed based on the

allowable end bearing pressures outlined in the table below. For piles, a minimum socket of 0.3m

into the appropriate stratum is required to achieve these allowable end bearing pressures. For rock

sockets longer than this 0.3m, the allowable shaft adhesions outlined in the table below may be

adopted provided the socket is satisfactorily cleaned and roughened (Class R2 or better). For all

footings, both shallow and piles, the lowest quality bedrock within 1.5 times the width/diameter of

the footing/pile will give the allowable bearing pressure for the design of footings. The following

allowable bearing pressures and shaft adhesions are based on serviceability criteria and should

result in settlements of less than 1% of the footing width/diameter.

Pells (1998) et al Rock

Class

Allowable Bearing

Pressure

(kPa)

Allowable Shaft

Adhesion

(compression)

(kPa)

Allowable

Shaft Adhesion

(tension/uplift)

(kPa)

Class V Shale 700 70 35

Class IV Shale 1,000 100 50

Class III Shale 3,500 350 150

It may be possible to adopt higher allowable bearing pressures if detailed settlement analyses are

carried out. Such analyses will required the input of the actual column loads.

Footings on the bedrock may also be designed using “Limit State Design” principles as detailed by

Pells et al. (1998). Ultimate bearing capacities and shaft adhesion values are outlined in the table

below. Settlement limitations to the structures will still need to be satisfied and can be estimated

using the provided elastic moduli values.

It should be noted that such ultimate bearing pressures must be used in conjunction with an

appropriate “Geotechnical Strength Reduction Factor” (g) as defined in AS2159-2009 Piling –

Design and Installation. Provided there is good workmanship and quality control during footing

construction, we recommend that a maximum g value in the range of 0.5 to 0.6 be adopted for end

bearing and shaft adhesion.

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Pells et al Rock

Class

Ultimate

Bearing

Pressure

(MPa)

Ultimate Shaft

Adhesion

(compression)

(kPa)

Ultimate Shaft

Adhesion

(tension/uplift)

(kPa)

Elastic

Modulus E

(MPa)

Class V Shale 3 100 50 150

Class IV Shale 6 150 75 350

Class III Shale 25 500 250 800

All shallow footings and conventional bored piles should be clean of any loose or water softened

material, and free of any standing water prior to pouring concrete. If delays in pouring high level

footings are anticipated, consideration should be given to placing a protective layer of blinding

concrete over the base of the footing.

The initial stages of shallow footing excavation and conventional bored pile drilling should be

inspected by a geotechnical engineer to confirm that the appropriate foundation material is being

achieved. The need for further inspections can be confirmed at this time. We can complete these

inspections, if required. If the bearing pressures for Class III Shale bedrock, as tabulated above,

are adopted, spoon testing of 30% of all pad/strip footing will be required in conjunction with

inspection of the base of all footings and the drilling of all piles. We can complete the spoon testing,

if required.

Special consideration will need to be given to any footings which are located either close to the

crest of excavation cuts within the basement, or outside the basement shoring walls. Any footings

within a distance of X from the crest of a cut face or basement retaining wall (where X is height of

the cut face/basement wall) will require special consideration. In the case of rock cuts, a thorough

inspection of the nearby rock face will be required, while footings near basement walls will most

likely need to extend to below the bulk excavation level to avoid surcharging the basement retaining

wall. In these cases, bearing pressures may need to be reduced or footings taken deeper to reduce

the risk of instability or surcharge loading of walls or other structural elements.

4.5 On-Grade Floor Slab

The basement on-grade floor slabs will directly overlie bedrock and no particular subgrade

preparation will be required.

31064ZNrpt Page 13

Slab-on-grade construction is therefore considered appropriate. Underfloor drainage must however

be provided. The underfloor drainage should connect with the wall drains, where appropriate, and

direct groundwater seepage to a sump(s) for pumped disposal to a stormwater system. Joints in

the on-grade floor slabs should incorporate dowels or keys.

4.6 Soil Aggression

Based on the soil chemistry test results, a ‘Mild' exposure classification for concrete piles is

applicable in accordance with Table 6.4.2 (C) in AS2159-2009.

4.7 Earthquake Design

In accordance with Table 4.1 of AS1170.4-2007, the site subsoil class is 'Class Be – Rock'.

4.8 Additional Geotechnical Input Required

The following summarises the further geotechnical input which is required and which has been

detailed in the preceding sections of this report:

Finite element analysis of basement retaining walls (if required).

Dilapidation surveys on nearby structures.

Quantitative vibration monitoring during rock excavation.

Proof-testing of anchors.

Seepage monitoring during excavation.

Geotechnical footing inspections and spoon testing.

5 SALINITY

The site is located in an area where soil and groundwater salinity may occur. Salinity can affect the

longevity and appearance of structures as well as causing adverse horticultural and

hydrogeological effects. The local council has guidelines relating to salinity issues which should be

checked for relevance to this project.

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6 GENERAL COMMENTS

The recommendations presented in this report include specific issues to be addressed during the

construction phase of the project. In the event that any of the construction phase recommendations

presented in this report are not implemented, the general recommendations may become

inapplicable and JK Geotechnics accept no responsibility whatsoever for the performance of the

structure where recommendations are not implemented in full and properly tested, inspected and

documented.

Occasionally, the subsurface conditions between the completed boreholes may be found to be

different (or may be interpreted to be different) from those expected. Variation can also occur with

groundwater conditions, especially after climatic changes. If such differences appear to exist, we

recommend that you immediately contact this office.

This report provides advice on geotechnical aspects for the proposed civil and structural design.

As part of the documentation stage of this project, Contract Documents and Specifications may be

prepared based on our report. However, there may be design features we are not aware of or have

not commented on for a variety of reasons. The designers should satisfy themselves that all the

necessary advice has been obtained. If required, we could be commissioned to review the

geotechnical aspects of contract documents to confirm the intent of our recommendations has been

correctly implemented.

A waste classification will need to be assigned to any soil excavated from the site prior to offsite

disposal. Subject to the appropriate testing, material can be classified as Virgin Excavated Natural

Material (VENM), General Solid, Restricted Solid or Hazardous Waste. Analysis takes seven to

10 working days to complete, therefore, an adequate allowance should be included in the

construction program unless testing is completed prior to construction. If contamination is

encountered, then substantial further testing (and associated delays) should be expected.

We strongly recommend that this issue is addressed prior to the commencement of excavation on

site.

This report has been prepared for the particular project described and no responsibility is accepted

for the use of any part of this report in any other context or for any other purpose. If there is any

change in the proposed development described in this report then all recommendations should be

reviewed. Copyright in this report is the property of JK Geotechnics. We have used a degree of

care, skill and diligence normally exercised by consulting engineers in similar circumstances and

locality. No other warranty expressed or implied is made or intended. Subject to payment of all fees

31064ZNrpt Page 15

due for the investigation, the client alone shall have a licence to use this report. The report shall not

be reproduced except in full.

ES

U50

DB

DS

POSSIBLY NATURAL

APPEARSWELLCOMPACTED

VERY LOW TO LOW'TC'BIT RESISTANCE

VERY LOW TO LOWRESISTANCE WITHMODERATE TO HIGHBANDS

HIGH RESISTANCE

VERY HIGH RESISTANCE

EL

M

H

>600>600>600

M

XW

DW - SW

SW

N = 188,8,10

DR

Y O

NC

OM

PLE

TIO

N&

AF

TE

R 1

.5 H

RS

-

-

ASPHALTIC CONCRETE: 40mm.t

FILL: Silty clayey gravel, mediumgrained igneous, dark grey brown.

FILL: Silty clay, high plasticity, orangebrown mottled light grey and grey, traceof medium grained ironstone gravel andash.

SHALE: light grey brown, with ironindurated bands.

SHALE: dark grey and dark brown.

SHALE: dark grey.

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

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ing

Fie

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ests

COPYRIGHT

Logged/Checked By: A.C.K./N.E.S.

Method: SPIRAL AUGERJob No.: 31064ZN

Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300

R.L. Surface: ~10.8 m

Datum: AHD

1 / 2

1Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG

JKGEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS

Geotechnics

Client: IRIS CAPITAL

Project: PROPOSED HOTEL

Location: 195 PARRAMATTA ROAD, HOMEBUSH WEST, NSW

JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

ST

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310

64Z

N H

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US

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by

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Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

Dep

th (

m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

ES

U50

DB

DS


'TC' BIT REFUSAL

50mm DIAMETER PVCSTANDPIPEPIEZOMETER INSTALLEDTO 7.7m, MACHINESLOTTED FROM 4.7m TO7.7m, CASING 0m TO4.7m, 2mm SAND FILTERPACK 1.4m TO 7.7m,BENTONITE SEAL 0.2mTO 1.4m, BACKFILLEDWITH SAND TO SURFACEAND COMPLETED WITH ACONCRETED GATICCOVER

HSWSHALE: dark grey. (continued)

END OF BOREHOLE AT 8.80 m

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

ld T

ests

COPYRIGHT



Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300


Datum: AHD

2 / 2

1Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

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8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

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UG

ER

HO

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MA

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Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

Dep

th (

m)

8

9

10

11

12

13

ES

U50

DB

DS

POSSIBLY NATURAL

RESIDUAL

LOW 'TC' BITRESISTANCE

MODERATE RESISTANCE

HIGH RESISTANCE

H

EL - VL

L - M

H

>600>600>600

MC<PL

MC<PL

XW - DW

DW

SW

N = 136,6,7

N=SPT5/ 100mmREFUSAL

ON

CO

MP

LET

ION

OF

CO

RIN

G

DR

Y O

NC

OM

PLE

TIO

NO

F A

UG

ER

ING

CH


FILL: Silty clay, medium plasticity, darkgrey brown, trace of ash.

SILTY CLAY: high plasticity, orangebrown mottled light grey, with mediumgrained ironstone gravel.

SHALE: light grey brown, with L strengthclay and iron indurated seams.

SHALE: grey.

SHALE: dark grey.

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

ld T

ests

COPYRIGHT



Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300


Datum: AHD

1 / 3

2Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

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8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

ST

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310

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N H

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Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

Dep

th (

m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

ES

U50

DB

DS

HIGH RESISTANCEHSWSHALE: dark grey. (continued)

REFER TO CORED BOREHOLE LOG

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

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ests

COPYRIGHT



Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300


Datum: AHD

2 / 3

2Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

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8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

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310

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by

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Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

Dep

th (

m)

8

9

10

11

12

13

100

%R

ET

UR

N

SHALE: dark grey, with light greylaminae, bedded at 0-5°.

CORE LOSS 0.16m

SHALE: dark grey, with light greylaminae, bedded at 0-5°.

START CORING AT 7.89m


M - H

L

M

FR

DW

FR

Wat

erLo

ss\L

evel

Bar

rel L

ift

RL

(m A

HD

)

JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K C

OR

ED

BO

RE

HO

LE -

MA

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310

64Z

N H

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COPYRIGHT

Core Size: NMLC

Inclination: VERTICAL

Bearing: N/A

Job No.: 31064ZN

Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300

GEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS

JK Geotechnics

CORED BOREHOLE LOG


Datum: AHD


3 / 3

2Borehole No.

General

DESCRIPTION

EL

VL

L M H VH

EH

POINT LOADSTRENGTH

INDEXIs(50)

CORE DESCRIPTION

Specific500

300

100

50 30 10

DEFECT DETAILS

Gra

phic

Log

-0.0

3

-0.1

-0.3

-1 -3 -10

Rock Type, grain characteristics, colour,structure, minor components. Type, inclination, thickness,

planarity, roughness, coating.

Str

engt

h

Wea

ther

ing

(8.09m) J, 70°, P, S

(8.70m) J, 80°, Un, S

(8.83m) J, 60°, P, S

(9.03m) J, 60°, P, S

(9.17m) J, 55°, STEPPED, S

(9.28m) J, 50°, P, S

(9.62m) XWS, 0°, 80 mm.t(9.69m) J, 65°, P, R

(9.85m) J, 50°, P, R(9.94m) J, 70°, P, R

(10.23m) J, 70°, Un, S

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

Dep

th (

m)

8

9

10

11

12

13

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

ES

U50

DB

DS

RESIDUAL

LOW 'TC' BITRESISTANCE WITH HIGHBANDS

50mm DIAMETER PVCSTANDPIPEPIEZOMETER INSTALLEDTO 5.7m, MACHINESLOTTED FROM 2.7m TO5.7m, CASING 0m TO2.7m, 2mm SAND FILTERPACK 2.0m TO 5.7m,BENTONITE SEAL 1.3mTO 2.0m, BACKFILLEDWITH SAND TO SURFACEAND COMPLETED WITH ACONCRETED GATICCOVER

MODERATE RESISTANCE

HIGH RESISTANCE


TC' BIT REFUSAL

H

EL - VL

M

H

>600>600>600

M

MC<PL

XW - DW

SW

N = 173,8,9

ON

5/1

2/17

DR

Y O

NC

OM

PLE

TIO

N&

AF

TE

R 2

.5 H

RS

CH


FILL: Silty clayey gravel, mediumgrained igneous, dark grey brown.

SILTY CLAY: high plasticity, orangebrown mottled light grey, trace ofmedium grained ironstone gravel.

SHALE: light grey, with iron induratedseams and bands.

SHALE: grey brown, with H strength ironindurated bands.

SHALE: grey.

SHALE: dark grey.


Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

ld T

ests

COPYRIGHT



Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK300


Datum: AHD

1 / 1

3Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

ST

ER

310

64Z

N H

OM

EB

US

H W

ES

T.G

PJ

<<

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>>

06/

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5 P

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ced

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Pro

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iona

l, D

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gel

Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

Dep

th (

m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

ES

U50

DB

DS

RESIDUAL

VERY LOW 'TC' BITRESISTANCE

VERY LOW TO LOWRESISTANCE

MODERATE TO HIGHRESISTANCE

St

EL

EL - VL

M - H

190190170

MC>PL

MC>PL

XW

XW - DW

DW - SW

N = 51,3,2

ON

CO

MP

LET

ION

OF

CO

RIN

G

DR

Y O

NC

OM

PLE

TIO

NO

F A

UG

ER

ING

-

CL-CH


FILL: Silty clay, medium to highplasticity, dark brown and dark grey,trace of ironstone gravel.

SILTY CLAY: medium to high plasticity,grey mottled brown, trace of fine grainedironstone gravel.

SHALE: light grey, with clay bands andiron indurated bands.

SHALE: dark grey, with iron induratedbands.


Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

ld T

ests

COPYRIGHT

Logged/Checked By: T.P./N.E.S.


Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK500


Datum: AHD

1 / 2

4Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

ST

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310

64Z

N H

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by

Dat

gel

Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

Dep

th (

m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

100

%R

ET

UR

N

SHALE: dark grey and grey, bedded at0-5°.



M - H

M

SW -FR

Wat

erLo

ss\L

evel

Bar

rel L

ift

RL

(m A

HD

)

JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

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8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K C

OR

ED

BO

RE

HO

LE -

MA

ST

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310

64Z

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COPYRIGHT

Core Size: NMLC


Bearing: N/A

Job No.: 31064ZN

Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK500


JK Geotechnics

CORED BOREHOLE LOG


Datum: AHD


2 / 2

4Borehole No.

General

DESCRIPTION

EL

VL

L M H VH

EH

POINT LOADSTRENGTH

INDEXIs(50)

CORE DESCRIPTION

Specific500

300

100

50 30 10

DEFECT DETAILS

Gra

phic

Log

-0.0

3

-0.1

-0.3

-1 -3 -10



Str

engt

h

Wea

ther

ing

(4.25m) Be, 0 - 5°, P, R, IS

(5.85m) J, 7°, P, R, IS

(6.26m) J, 85 - 90°, Un, R, IS

(8.55m) J, 30°, P, S

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Dep

th (

m)

5

6

7

8

9

10

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

ES

U50

DB

DS

VERY LOW TO LOW 'TC'BIT RESISTANCE

LOW TO MODERATERESISTANCE

MODERATE TO HIGHRESISTANCE

St

EL - VL

L - M

M - H

100120150120170

120170

MC>PL

XW - DW

DW

SW

N = 51,3,2

N=SPT12/ 130mmREFUSAL

ON

CO

MP

LET

ION

OF

CO

RIN

G

DR

Y O

NC

OM

PLE

TIO

NO

F A

UG

ER

ING CL-CH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE: 30mm.t

SILTY CLAY: medium to high plasticity,grey brown and grey, trace of finegrained ironstone gravel.

SILTY CLAY: medium to high plasticity,brown mottled red orange brown, traceof fine to medium grained ironstonegravel.

as above,but light grey mottled orange brown.

SHALE: light grey, with iron induratedbands.

SHALE: dark grey, with iron induratedbands,

SHALE: dark grey.


Gro

undw

ater

Rec

ord

RL

(m A

HD

)

Str

engt

h/R

el D

ensi

ty

Han

dP

enet

rom

ete

rR

eadi

ngs

(kP

a)

Remarks

Moi

stu

reC

ondi

tion/

Wea

ther

ing

Fie

ld T

ests

COPYRIGHT



Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK500


Datum: AHD

1 / 2

5Borehole No.

BOREHOLE LOG


Geotechnics




JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K A

UG

ER

HO

LE -

MA

ST

ER

310

64Z

N H

OM

EB

US

H W

ES

T.G

PJ

<<

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>>

06/

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16:1

5 P

rodu

ced

by g

INT

Pro

fess

iona

l, D

evel

oped

by

Dat

gel

Gra

phic

Log

Uni

fied

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

DESCRIPTIONSAMPLES

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

Dep

th (

m)

1

2

3

4

5

6

100

%R

ET

UR

N

SHALE: dark grey and grey, bedded at0-5°.



M - HSW -FR

FR

Wat

erLo

ss\L

evel

Bar

rel L

ift

RL

(m A

HD

)

JK_L

IB_C

UR

RE

NT

- V

8.00

.GLB

Log

J &

K C

OR

ED

BO

RE

HO

LE -

MA

ST

ER

310

64Z

N H

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US

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ES

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Dat

gel




COPYRIGHT

Core Size: NMLC


Bearing: N/A

Job No.: 31064ZN

Date: 16/11/17

Plant Type: JK500


JK Geotechnics

CORED BOREHOLE LOG


Datum: AHD


2 / 2

5Borehole No.

General

DESCRIPTION

EL

VL

L M H VH

EH

POINT LOADSTRENGTH

INDEXIs(50)

CORE DESCRIPTION

Specific500

300

100

50 30 10

DEFECT DETAILS

Gra

phic

Log

-0.0

3

-0.1

-0.3

-1 -3 -10



Str

engt

h

Wea

ther

ing

(5.85m) J, 78°, P, IS, HEALED

(6.02m) J, 70°, P, R, IS(6.10m) J, 45 - 90°, Un, IS, HEALED(6.13m) CS, 0 - 5°, 18 mm.t

(6.40m) J, 73°, Un, HEALED

(8.28m) J, 80°, P, R

(8.66m) J, 55°, P, R(8.74m) XWS, 0 - 5°, 35 mm.t

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

Dep

th (

m)

6

7

8

9

10

11

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

DEFECTSPACING

(mm)

AERIAL IMAGE SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH PRO 7.1.5.1557

AERIAL IMAGE ©: 2015 GOOGLE INC.

PLO

T D

AT

E: 6/12/2017 5:00:22 P

M D

WG

F

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: S

:\6 G

EO

TE

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NIC

AL\6F

G

EO

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CH

NIC

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BS

\31000'S

\31064Z

N H

OM

EB

US

H W

ES

T\C

AD

\31064Z

N.D

WG

SITE

SITE

© JK GEOTECHNICS

31064ZN

This plan should be read in conjunction with the JK Geotechnics report.

Report No:

Location:

Title:

195 PARRAMATTA ROAD

HOMEBUSH WEST, NSW

31064ZN

JK Geotechnics

Figure No:

SITE LOCATION PLAN

1

SOURCE: http://www.whereis.com/

P

A

R

R

A

M

A

T

T

A

R

O

A

D

2

3

4

5

1

PL

OT

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E: 6

/1

2/2

01

7 4

:5

9:1

9 P

M D

WG

F

IL

E: S

:\6

G

EO

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NIC

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\6

F G

EO

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NIC

AL

JO

BS

\3

10

00

'S

\3

10

64

ZN

H

OM

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Report No:

31064ZN

Location:

Title:

195 PARRAMATTA ROAD

HOMEBUSH WEST, NSW

31064ZN

JK Geotechnics

© JK GEOTECHNICS

Figure No:

This plan should be read in conjunction with the JK Geotechnics report.

BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN

2

BOREHOLE

LEGEND

OUTLINE OF PROPOSED BASEMENT LEVEL

115 Wicks Road PO Box 978 T: 61 2 9888 5000 E: [email protected]

Macquarie Park NSW 2113 North Ryde BC NSW 1670 F: 61 2 9888 5001 www.jkgeotechnics.com.au

VIBRATION EMISSION DESIGN GOALS German Standard DIN 4150 – Part 3: 1999 provides guideline levels of vibration velocity for evaluating the effects of vibration in structures. The limits presented in this standard are generally recognised to be conservative.

The DIN 4150 values (maximum levels measured in any direction at the foundation, OR, maximum levels measured in (x) or (y) horizontal directions, in the plane of the uppermost floor), are summarised in Table 1 below.

It should be noted that peak vibration velocities higher than the minimum figures in Table 1 for low frequencies may be quite ‘safe’, depending on the frequency content of the vibration and the actual condition of the structure.

It should also be noted that these levels are ‘safe limits’, up to which no damage due to vibration effects has been observed for the particular class of building. ‘Damage’ is defined by DIN 4150 to include even minor non-structural effects such as superficial cracking in cement render, the enlargement of cracks already present, and the separation of partitions or intermediate walls from load bearing walls. Should damage be observed at vibration levels lower than the ‘safe limits’, then it may be attributed to other causes. DIN 4150 also states that when vibration levels higher than the ‘safe limits’ are present, it does not necessarily follow that damage will occur. Values given are only a broad guide.

Table 1: DIN 4150 – Structural Damage – Safe Limits for Building Vibration

Group Type of Structure

Peak Vibration Velocity in mm/s

At Foundation Level at a Frequency of:

Plane of Floor of Uppermost

Storey

Less than 10Hz

10Hz to 50Hz

50Hz to 100Hz

All Frequencies

1 Buildings used for commercial purposes, industrial buildings and buildings of similar design.

20 20 to 40 40 to 50 40

2 Dwellings and buildings of similar design and/or use.

5 5 to 15 15 to 20 15

3

Structures that because of their particular sensitivity to vibration, do not correspond to those listed in Group 1 and 2 and have intrinsic value (eg. buildings that are under a preservation order).

3 3 to 8 8 to 10 8

Note: For frequencies above 100Hz, the higher values in the 50Hz to 100Hz column should be used.


mailto:[email protected]

Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd, trading as JK Geotechnics ABN 17 003 550 801

REPORT EXPLANATION NOTES Dec16 Page 1 of 4

REPORT EXPLANATION NOTES

INTRODUCTION

These notes have been provided to amplify the geotechnical report in regard to classification methods, field procedures and certain matters relating to the Comments and Recommendations section. Not all notes are necessarily relevant to all reports.

The ground is a product of continuing natural and man-made processes and therefore exhibits a variety of characteristics and properties which vary from place to place and can change with time. Geotechnical engineering involves gathering and assimilating limited facts about these characteristics and properties in order to understand or predict the behaviour of the ground on a particular site under certain conditions. This report may contain such facts obtained by inspection, excavation, probing, sampling, testing or other means of investigation. If so, they are directly relevant only to the ground at the place where and time when the investigation was carried out.

DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION METHODS

The methods of description and classification of soils and rocks used in this report are based on Australian Standard 1726, the SAA Site Investigation Code. In general, descriptions cover the following properties – soil or rock type, colour, structure, strength or density, and inclusions. Identification and classification of soil and rock involves judgement and the Company infers accuracy only to the extent that is common in current geotechnical practice.

Soil types are described according to the predominating particle size and behaviour as set out in the attached Unified Soil Classification Table qualified by the grading of other particles present (eg. sandy clay) as set out below:

Soil Classification Particle Size

Clay

Silt

Sand

Gravel

less than 0.002mm

0.002 to 0.06mm

0.06 to 2mm

2 to 60mm

Non-cohesive soils are classified on the basis of relative density, generally from the results of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) as below:

Relative Density SPT ‘N’ Value (blows/300mm)

Very loose

Loose

Medium dense

Dense

Very Dense

less than 4

4 – 10

10 – 30

30 – 50

greater than 50

Cohesive soils are classified on the basis of strength (consistency) either by use of hand penetrometer, laboratory testing or engineering examination. The strength terms are defined as follows.

Classification Unconfined Compressive Strength kPa

Very Soft

Soft

Firm

Stiff

Very Stiff

Hard

Friable

less than 25

25 – 50

50 – 100

100 – 200

200 – 400

Greater than 400

Strength not attainable

– soil crumbles

Rock types are classified by their geological names, together with descriptive terms regarding weathering, strength, defects, etc. Where relevant, further information regarding rock classification is given in the text of the report. In the Sydney Basin, ‘Shale’ is used to describe thinly bedded to laminated siltstone. SAMPLING

Sampling is carried out during drilling or from other excavations to allow engineering examination (and laboratory testing where required) of the soil or rock.

Disturbed samples taken during drilling provide information on plasticity, grain size, colour, moisture content, minor constituents and, depending upon the degree of disturbance, some information on strength and structure. Bulk samples are similar but of greater volume required for some test procedures.

Undisturbed samples are taken by pushing a thin-walled sample tube, usually 50mm diameter (known as a U50), into the soil and withdrawing it with a sample of the soil contained in a relatively undisturbed state. Such samples yield information on structure and strength, and are necessary for laboratory determination of shear strength and compressibility. Undisturbed sampling is generally effective only in cohesive soils.

Details of the type and method of sampling used are given on the attached logs. INVESTIGATION METHODS

The following is a brief summary of investigation methods currently adopted by the Company and some comments on their use and application. All except test pits, hand auger drilling and portable dynamic cone penetrometers require the use of a mechanical drilling rig which is commonly mounted on a truck chassis.



Test Pits: These are normally excavated with a backhoe or

a tracked excavator, allowing close examination of the insitu soils if it is safe to descend into the pit. The depth of penetration is limited to about 3m for a backhoe and up to 6m for an excavator. Limitations of test pits are the problems associated with disturbance and difficulty of reinstatement and the consequent effects on close-by structures. Care must be taken if construction is to be carried out near test pit locations to either properly recompact the backfill during construction or to design and construct the structure so as not to be adversely affected by poorly compacted backfill at the test pit location. Hand Auger Drilling: A borehole of 50mm to 100mm

diameter is advanced by manually operated equipment. Premature refusal of the hand augers can occur on a variety of materials such as hard clay, gravel or ironstone, and does not necessarily indicate rock level. Continuous Spiral Flight Augers: The borehole is

advanced using 75mm to 115mm diameter continuous spiral flight augers, which are withdrawn at intervals to allow sampling and insitu testing. This is a relatively economical means of drilling in clays and in sands above the water table. Samples are returned to the surface by the flights or may be collected after withdrawal of the auger flights, but they can be very disturbed and layers may become mixed. Information from the auger sampling (as distinct from specific sampling by SPTs or undisturbed samples) is of relatively lower reliability due to mixing or softening of samples by groundwater, or uncertainties as to the original depth of the samples. Augering below the groundwater table is of even lesser reliability than augering above the water table. Rock Augering: Use can be made of a Tungsten Carbide

(TC) bit for auger drilling into rock to indicate rock quality and continuity by variation in drilling resistance and from examination of recovered rock fragments. This method of investigation is quick and relatively inexpensive but provides only an indication of the likely rock strength and predicted values may be in error by a strength order. Where rock strengths may have a significant impact on construction feasibility or costs, then further investigation by means of cored boreholes may be warranted. Wash Boring: The borehole is usually advanced by a rotary

bit, with water being pumped down the drill rods and returned up the annulus, carrying the drill cuttings. Only major changes in stratification can be determined from the cuttings, together with some information from “feel” and rate of penetration. Mud Stabilised Drilling: Either Wash Boring or Continuous

Core Drilling can use drilling mud as a circulating fluid to stabilise the borehole. The term ‘mud’ encompasses a range of products ranging from bentonite to polymers such as Revert or Biogel. The mud tends to mask the cuttings and reliable identification is only possible from intermittent intact sampling (eg. from SPT and U50 samples) or from rock coring, etc.

Continuous Core Drilling: A continuous core sample is

obtained using a diamond tipped core barrel. Provided full core recovery is achieved (which is not always possible in very low strength rocks and granular soils), this technique provides a very reliable (but relatively expensive) method of investigation. In rocks, an NMLC triple tube core barrel, which gives a core of about 50mm diameter, is usually used with water flush. The length of core recovered is compared to the length drilled and any length not recovered is shown as CORE LOSS. The location of losses are determined on site by the supervising engineer; where the location is uncertain, the loss is placed at the top end of the drill run. Standard Penetration Tests: Standard Penetration Tests

(SPT) are used mainly in non-cohesive soils, but can also be used in cohesive soils as a means of indicating density or strength and also of obtaining a relatively undisturbed sample. The test procedure is described in Australian Standard 1289, “Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes” – Test F3.1.

The test is carried out in a borehole by driving a 50mm diameter split sample tube with a tapered shoe, under the impact of a 63kg hammer with a free fall of 760mm. It is normal for the tube to be driven in three successive 150mm increments and the ‘N’ value is taken as the number of blows for the last 300mm. In dense sands, very hard clays or weak rock, the full 450mm penetration may not be practicable and the test is discontinued.

The test results are reported in the following form:

In the case where full penetration is obtained with successive blow counts for each 150mm of, say, 4, 6 and 7 blows, as

N = 13 4, 6, 7

In a case where the test is discontinued short of full penetration, say after 15 blows for the first 150mm and 30 blows for the next 40mm, as

N>30 15, 30/40mm

The results of the test can be related empirically to the engineering properties of the soil.

Occasionally, the drop hammer is used to drive 50mm diameter thin walled sample tubes (U50) in clays. In such circumstances, the test results are shown on the borehole logs in brackets.

A modification to the SPT test is where the same driving

system is used with a solid 60 tipped steel cone of the same diameter as the SPT hollow sampler. The solid cone can be continuously driven for some distance in soft clays or loose sands, or may be used where damage would otherwise occur to the SPT. The results of this Solid Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) are shown as ‘Nc’ on the borehole logs, together with the number of blows per 150mm penetration.


Static Cone Penetrometer Testing and Interpretation:

Cone penetrometer testing (sometimes referred to as a Dutch Cone) described in this report has been carried out using a Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT). The test is described in Australian Standard 1289, Test F5.1.

In the tests, a 35mm or 44mm diameter rod with a conical tip is pushed continuously into the soil, the reaction being provided by a specially designed truck or rig which is fitted with a hydraulic ram system. Measurements are made of the end bearing resistance on the cone and the frictional resistance on a separate 134mm or 165mm long sleeve, immediately behind the cone. Transducers in the tip of the assembly are electrically connected by wires passing through the centre of the push rods to an amplifier and recorder unit mounted on the control truck.

As penetration occurs (at a rate of approximately 20mm per second) the information is output as incremental digital records every 10mm. The results given in this report have been plotted from the digital data.

The information provided on the charts comprise:

Cone resistance – the actual end bearing force divided by the cross sectional area of the cone – expressed in MPa.

Sleeve friction – the frictional force on the sleeve divided by the surface area – expressed in kPa.

Friction ratio – the ratio of sleeve friction to cone resistance, expressed as a percentage.

The ratios of the sleeve resistance to cone resistance will vary with the type of soil encountered, with higher relative friction in clays than in sands. Friction ratios of 1% to 2% are commonly encountered in sands and occasionally very soft clays, rising to 4% to 10% in stiff clays and peats. Soil descriptions based on cone resistance and friction ratios are only inferred and must not be considered as exact.

Correlations between CPT and SPT values can be developed for both sands and clays but may be site specific.

Interpretation of CPT values can be made to empirically derive modulus or compressibility values to allow calculation of foundation settlements.

Stratification can be inferred from the cone and friction traces and from experience and information from nearby boreholes etc. Where shown, this information is presented for general guidance, but must be regarded as interpretive. The test method provides a continuous profile of engineering properties but, where precise information on soil classification is required, direct drilling and sampling may be preferable. Portable Dynamic Cone Penetrometers: Portable

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests are carried out by driving a rod into the ground with a sliding hammer and counting the blows for successive 100mm increments of penetration.

Two relatively similar tests are used:

Cone penetrometer (commonly known as the Scala Penetrometer) – a 16mm rod with a 20mm diameter cone end is driven with a 9kg hammer dropping 510mm (AS1289, Test F3.2). The test was developed initially for pavement subgrade investigations, and correlations of the test results with California Bearing Ratio have been published by various Road Authorities.

Perth sand penetrometer – a 16mm diameter flat ended rod is driven with a 9kg hammer, dropping 600mm (AS1289, Test F3.3). This test was developed for testing the density of sands (originating in Perth) and is mainly used in granular soils and filling.

LOGS

The borehole or test pit logs presented herein are an engineering and/or geological interpretation of the sub-surface conditions, and their reliability will depend to some extent on the frequency of sampling and the method of drilling or excavation. Ideally, continuous undisturbed sampling or core drilling will enable the most reliable assessment, but is not always practicable or possible to justify on economic grounds. In any case, the boreholes or test pits represent only a very small sample of the total subsurface conditions.

The attached explanatory notes define the terms and symbols used in preparation of the logs.

Interpretation of the information shown on the logs, and its application to design and construction, should therefore take into account the spacing of boreholes or test pits, the method of drilling or excavation, the frequency of sampling and testing and the possibility of other than ‘straight line’ variations between the boreholes or test pits. Subsurface conditions between boreholes or test pits may vary significantly from conditions encountered at the borehole or test pit locations. GROUNDWATER

Where groundwater levels are measured in boreholes, there are several potential problems:

Although groundwater may be present, in low permeability soils it may enter the hole slowly or perhaps not at all during the time it is left open.

A localised perched water table may lead to an erroneous indication of the true water table.

Water table levels will vary from time to time with seasons or recent weather changes and may not be the same at the time of construction.

The use of water or mud as a drilling fluid will mask any groundwater inflow. Water has to be blown out of the hole and drilling mud must be washed out of the hole or ‘reverted’ chemically if water observations are to be made.

More reliable measurements can be made by installing standpipes which are read after stabilising at intervals ranging from several days to perhaps weeks for low permeability soils. Piezometers, sealed in a particular stratum, may be advisable in low permeability soils or where there may be interference from perched water tables or surface water.


FILL

The presence of fill materials can often be determined only by the inclusion of foreign objects (eg. bricks, steel, etc) or by distinctly unusual colour, texture or fabric. Identification of the extent of fill materials will also depend on investigation methods and frequency. Where natural soils similar to those at the site are used for fill, it may be difficult with limited testing and sampling to reliably determine the extent of the fill.

The presence of fill materials is usually regarded with caution as the possible variation in density, strength and material type is much greater than with natural soil deposits. Consequently, there is an increased risk of adverse engineering characteristics or behaviour. If the volume and quality of fill is of importance to a project, then frequent test pit excavations are preferable to boreholes. LABORATORY TESTING

Laboratory testing is normally carried out in accordance with Australian Standard 1289 ‘Methods of Testing Soil for Engineering Purposes’. Details of the test procedure used

are given on the individual report forms. ENGINEERING REPORTS

Engineering reports are prepared by qualified personnel and are based on the information obtained and on current engineering standards of interpretation and analysis. Where the report has been prepared for a specific design proposal (eg. a three storey building) the information and interpretation may not be relevant if the design proposal is changed (eg. to a twenty storey building). If this happens, the company will be pleased to review the report and the sufficiency of the investigation work.

Every care is taken with the report as it relates to interpretation of subsurface conditions, discussion of geotechnical aspects and recommendations or suggestions for design and construction. However, the Company cannot always anticipate or assume responsibility for:

Unexpected variations in ground conditions – the potential for this will be partially dependent on borehole spacing and sampling frequency as well as investigation technique.

Changes in policy or interpretation of policy by statutory authorities.

The actions of persons or contractors responding to commercial pressures.

If these occur, the company will be pleased to assist with investigation or advice to resolve any problems occurring.

SITE ANOMALIES

In the event that conditions encountered on site during construction appear to vary from those which were expected from the information contained in the report, the company requests that it immediately be notified. Most problems are much more readily resolved when conditions are exposed that at some later stage, well after the event. REPRODUCTION OF INFORMATION FOR CONTRACTUAL PURPOSES

Attention is drawn to the document ‘Guidelines for the Provision of Geotechnical Information in Tender Documents’, published by the Institution of Engineers, Australia. Where information obtained from this investigation is provided for tendering purposes, it is recommended that all information, including the written report and discussion, be made available. In circumstances where the discussion or comments section is not relevant to the contractual situation, it may be appropriate to prepare a specially edited document. The company would be pleased to assist in this regard and/or to make additional report copies available for contract purposes at a nominal charge.

Copyright in all documents (such as drawings, borehole or test pit logs, reports and specifications) provided by the Company shall remain the property of Jeffery and Katauskas Pty Ltd. Subject to the payment of all fees due, the Client alone shall have a licence to use the documents provided for the sole purpose of completing the project to which they relate. License to use the documents may be revoked without notice if the Client is in breach of any objection to make a payment to us. REVIEW OF DESIGN

Where major civil or structural developments are proposed or where only a limited investigation has been completed or where the geotechnical conditions/ constraints are quite complex, it is prudent to have a joint design review which involves a senior geotechnical engineer. SITE INSPECTION

The company will always be pleased to provide engineering inspection services for geotechnical aspects of work to which this report is related.

Requirements could range from:

i) a site visit to confirm that conditions exposed are no worse than those interpreted, to

ii) a visit to assist the contractor or other site personnel in identifying various soil/rock types such as appropriate footing or pier founding depths, or

iii) full time engineering presence on site.

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APPENDIX A

Envirolab Services Pty Ltd

ABN 37 112 535 645

12 Ashley St Chatswood NSW 2067

ph 02 9910 6200 fax 02 9910 6201

[email protected]

www.envirolab.com.au

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS 180295

PO Box 976, North Ryde BC, NSW, 1670Address

Tristan PiatAttention

JK GeotechnicsClient

Client Details

21/11/2017Date completed instructions received

21/11/2015Date samples received

4 SoilNumber of Samples

31064ZN, Homebush WestYour Reference

Sample Details

Results are reported on a dry weight basis for solids and on an as received basis for other matrices.

Samples were analysed as received from the client. Results relate specifically to the samples as received.

Please refer to the following pages for results, methodology summary and quality control data.

Analysis Details

Tests not covered by NATA are denoted with *Accredited for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025 - Testing.

NATA Accreditation Number 2901. This document shall not be reproduced except in full.

23/11/2017Date of Issue

28/11/2017Date results requested by

Report Details

David Springer, General Manager

Authorised By

Priya Samarawickrama, Senior Chemist

Results Approved By

Revision No: R00

180295Envirolab Reference: Page | 1 of 6

Client Reference: 31064ZN, Homebush West

921808037ohm mResistivity in soil*

6368180340mg/kgSulphate, SO4 1:5 soil:water

56<102043mg/kgChloride, Cl 1:5 soil:water

5.45.34.74.7pH UnitspH 1:5 soil:water

22/11/201722/11/201722/11/201722/11/2017-Date analysed

22/11/201722/11/201722/11/201722/11/2017-Date prepared

SoilSoilSoilSoilType of sample

16/11/201716/11/201716/11/201716/11/2017Date Sampled

1.7-2.01.5-0.60.5-0.950.5-0.95Depth

BH4BH2BH2BH1UNITSYour Reference

180295-4180295-3180295-2180295-1Our Reference

Misc Inorg - Soil

Envirolab Reference: 180295

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Anions - a range of Anions are determined by Ion Chromatography, in accordance with APHA latest edition, 4110-B. Alternatively determined by colourimetry/turbidity using Discrete Analyer.

Inorg-081

Conductivity and Salinity - measured using a conductivity cell at 25oC in accordance with APHA 22nd ED 2510 and Rayment & Lyons. Resistivity is calculated from Conductivity.

Inorg-002

pH - Measured using pH meter and electrode in accordance with APHA latest edition, 4500-H+. Please note that the results for water analyses are indicative only, as analysis outside of the APHA storage times.

Inorg-001

Methodology SummaryMethod ID


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[NT][NT]1133371<1Inorg-0021ohm mResistivity in soil*

[NT]96143903401<10Inorg-08110mg/kgSulphate, SO4 1:5 soil:water

[NT]94244431<10Inorg-08110mg/kgChloride, Cl 1:5 soil:water

[NT]9924.64.71[NT]Inorg-001pH UnitspH 1:5 soil:water

[NT]22/11/201722/11/201722/11/2017122/11/2017-Date analysed

[NT]22/11/201722/11/201722/11/2017122/11/2017-Date prepared

[NT]LCS-1RPDDup.Base#BlankMethodPQLUnitsTest Description

Spike Recovery %DuplicateQUALITY CONTROL: Misc Inorg - Soil


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Not ReportedNR

National Environmental Protection MeasureNEPM

Not specifiedNS

Laboratory Control SampleLCS

Relative Percent DifferenceRPD

Greater than>

Less than<

Practical Quantitation LimitPQL

Insufficient sample for this testINS

Test not requiredNA

Not testedNT

Result Definitions

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines recommend that Thermotolerant Coliform, Faecal Enterococci, & E.Coli levels are less than1cfu/100mL. The recommended maximums are taken from "Australian Drinking Water Guidelines", published by NHMRC & ARMC2011.

Surrogates are known additions to each sample, blank, matrix spike and LCS in a batch, of compounds whichare similar to the analyte of interest, however are not expected to be found in real samples.

Surrogate Spike

This comprises either a standard reference material or a control matrix (such as a blank sand or water) fortifiedwith analytes representative of the analyte class. It is simply a check sample.

LCS (LaboratoryControl Sample)

A portion of the sample is spiked with a known concentration of target analyte. The purpose of the matrix spikeis to monitor the performance of the analytical method used and to determine whether matrix interferencesexist.

Matrix Spike

This is the complete duplicate analysis of a sample from the process batch. If possible, the sample selectedshould be one where the analyte concentration is easily measurable.

Duplicate

This is the component of the analytical signal which is not derived from the sample but from reagents,glassware etc, can be determined by processing solvents and reagents in exactly the same manner as forsamples.

Blank

Quality Control Definitions


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Measurement Uncertainty estimates are available for most tests upon request.

Where sampling dates are not provided, Envirolab are not in a position to comment on the validity of the analysis whererecommended technical holding times may have been breached.

When samples are received where certain analytes are outside of recommended technical holding times (THTs), the analysis hasproceeded. Where analytes are on the verge of breaching THTs, every effort will be made to analyse within the THT or as soon aspracticable.

In circumstances where no duplicate and/or sample spike has been reported at 1 in 10 and/or 1 in 20 samples respectively, thesample volume submitted was insufficient in order to satisfy laboratory QA/QC protocols.

Matrix Spikes, LCS and Surrogate recoveries: Generally 70-130% for inorganics/metals; 60-140% for organics (+/-50% surrogates)and 10-140% for labile SVOCs (including labile surrogates), ultra trace organics and speciated phenols is acceptable.

Duplicates: <5xPQL - any RPD is acceptable; >5xPQL - 0-50% RPD is acceptable.

For VOCs in water samples, three vials are required for duplicate or spike analysis.

Spikes for Physical and Aggregate Tests are not applicable.

Filters, swabs, wipes, tubes and badges will not have duplicate data as the whole sample is generally extracted during sampleextraction.

Duplicate sample and matrix spike recoveries may not be reported on smaller jobs, however, were analysed at a frequency to meetor exceed NEPM requirements. All samples are tested in batches of 20. The duplicate sample RPD and matrix spike recoveries forthe batch were within the laboratory acceptance criteria.

Laboratory Acceptance Criteria


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