Report on View of Undergraduate students towards ... · Report on “View of Undergraduate students towards Management Education” MBA-Day 1st Year, 2010-2011 Prepared by Abhishek

Report on “View of Undergraduate students towards Management

Education”

MBA-Day 1st Year, 2010-2011

Prepared by

Abhishek Datta Akruti Pathak

Akshita Chamaria Amartya Biswas

Anand Chatterjee Anandaroop Sagar Datta

Arghya Chandra Arijit Biswas Ashish Goyal Avik Ghosh

Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management (IISWBM)

University Of Calcutta

Under the guidance of

Ms. Sumati Ray MBA (Day)

IISWBM

View of Undergraduate Students towards Management Education

IISWBM, Kolkata. MBA (Day), 2010-2011 2

ACNOWLEDGEMENT

With due respect and regards we wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere praise of

thanks to Ms. Sumati Ray, IISWBM , Kolkata, for being our guide and for all her counsel

making the process of learning an enjoyful one. I would like to thank her for all her valuable

time and suggestion that he devoted to us.

Finally, I would like to thanks all the people who took out valuable time from their busy

schedule and filled up the questionnaire.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr No. Particulars Page No.

1. Research Objective 04 2. Data Collection Procedure 05 3. Likert Scale 06 4. Research Methodology 08 5. Sample Questionnaire 09 6. Pie- Charts 11 7. What is a t-test 28 8. Procedure for computing t-stat 29 9. Analysis of Comments given by Respondents 30 10. Conclusion 31 11. Bibliography 42

Appendix

Appendix I Online view of questionnaire 31 Appendix II Data of some submitted forms 38



RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

The objective of this research is to get an idea about the psychology of the undergraduate

students towards Management education. Our sample size is limited to about 100, analysis of

which will give a fair idea about our required objective. We have used only primary data since

primary data is authentic and can be easily used for mathematical analysis. For our analysis

purpose, we will be using t-testing and Kendall’s methods.



DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

As the research methodology of this study was to gather primary information in order to

understand the attitude of the students towards management education, the first and the most

important work was to collect the relevant data. So we decided to go with the questionnaire

method to conduct our survey on a large number of students at a time. Our target audience was

undergraduate students who didn’t have exposure to management education, so to design

questionnaire was not an easy task. Sincere effort had been put in framing the questions to impart

better understanding and avoid misinterpretation of the same by the respondents.

We decided to take the response from atleast 100 students so that we could come up with an

accurate result. We didn’t want our forms to be filled-up manually because our target audience

was undergraduate students and it was easier for them to access via online techniques rather

doing it manually. So we prepared our questionnaire in Google. All the members of our group

shared this questionnaire with a large number of undergraduate students through e-mails or link

in the social networking sites like facebook, orkut, etc. Further, it was difficult to motivate the

participants to complete the questionnaire honestly and then return them back to us. Our team put

great effort in convincing the students, making them understand the questions properly and then

giving their opinions. We received good response from almost all of them and in this way finally

we collected the data and completed our research successfully.



LIKERT SCALE

A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research, such that the term is often used interchangeably with rating scale even though the two are not synonymous. When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. The scale is named after its inventor, psychologist Rensis Likert.

Sample question presented using a five-point Likert item An important distinction must be made between a Likert scale and a Likert item. The Likert scale is the sum of responses on several Likert items. Because Likert items are often accompanied by a visual analog scale (e.g., a horizontal line, on which a subject indicates his or her response by circling or checking tick-marks), the items are sometimes called scales themselves. This is the source of much confusion; it is better, therefore, to reserve the term Likert scale to apply to the summated scale, and Likert item to refer to an individual item. A Likert item is simply a statement which the respondent is asked to evaluate according to any kind of subjective or objective criteria; generally the level of agreement or disagreement is measured. Often five ordered response levels are used, although many psychometricians advocate using seven or nine levels; a recent empirical study found that a 5- or 7- point scale may produce slightly higher mean scores relative to the highest possible attainable score, compared to those produced from a 10-point scale, and this difference was statistically significant. In terms of the other data characteristics, there was very little difference among the scale formats in terms of variation about the mean, skewness or kurtosis. The format of a typical five-level Likert item is: 1. Strongly disagree 2. Disagree 3. Neither agree nor disagree 4. Agree 5. Strongly agree Likert scaling is a bipolar scaling method, measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Sometimes a four-point scale is used; this is a forced choice method since the middle option of "Neither agree nor disagree" is not available. Likert scales may be subject to distortion from several causes. Respondents may avoid using extreme response categories (central tendency bias); agree with statements as presented



(acquiescence bias); or try to portray themselves or their organization in a more favorable light (social desirability bias). Designing a scale with balanced keying (an equal number of positive and negative statements) can obviate the problem of acquiescence bias, since acquiescence on positively keyed items will balance acquiescence on negatively keyed items, but central tendency and social desirability are somewhat more problematic.



RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Is a way to systematically solve the research problem. In it we study the steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods but also the methodology. Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or apply particular research techniques, but they also need to know which of these methods are relevant and which are not. Thus, Research methods may be understood as all those methods/techniques that are used for conduction of research. The scope of methodology is wider than that of research methods. Thus, when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods in the context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular technique and why we are not using others so that research results are capable and evaluated either by the researcher himself or by others. PRIMARY DATA VS SECONDARY DATA Primary data is data gathered for the first time by the researcher; secondary data is data taken by the researcher from secondary sources, internal or external. Secondary data is of two kinds, internal and external. Secondary data – whether internal or external – is data already collected by others, for purposes other than the solution of the problem on hand. Thus the research methodology of this study is to gather primary information in order to understand the attitude of the students towards management education. Here our target audience is undergraduate students who do not have exposure to management education and thus there will be high chances of getting true data.Secondary data will not be of use here as it will be difficult to find any information on the their viewpoint as it has not been documented professionally by any organization and also because it will not give the correct picture. Even if some information were available it would not be current and also not too reliable to use it for study and prepare the relevant analysis. The Questionnaire method is highly economical as it covers a large number of students at a time. The collected data can be quantified and processed through a computer. Designing questionnaires, however, is not an easy task. Proper care must be taken to frame the questions in such a way that the respondents are unlikely to misinterpret the questions. Further, it is difficult to motivate the participants to complete the questionnaires truthfully and to return them. We have tried our best to do justice to the study using our questionnaire.



SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: Age: Gender: Place: Educational Background:

Please go through the questions, and mark your choice from any of the four options.

1. Management Education is a big investment for a relatively small growth. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 2. Management Education is now a necessity in the corporate world. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 3. Management Education also leads to overall personality development than a sheer growth in career perspective. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 4. Management Education is worthy only if done from top 10-20 b-schools of the country. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 5. Management Education should only be done after gaining a work experience. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 6. Does your graduation specialisation / educational background act as a catalyst for persuing a career in Management Education. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 7. Management Education is not necessary to be a successful manager. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 8. Management Education requires a good mix of knowledge plus good communication skills. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 9. Management Education from abroad gives an edge over management education done in the country. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree



10. Does lack of job opportunities for graduated students make you opt for Management Education. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 11. Things like sports, energy, rural, media, etc can be linked to management education. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 12. Distance learning course for Management Education is ‘beneficial’. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 13. Management Education is course that is hyped too much. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 14. Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 15. Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered for institutes. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 16. Coaching institutes are not mandatory for getting into a good b-school. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 17. Are you thinking of opting for a management education. (a) Strongly agree (b) Agree (c) Indifferent (d) Disagree (d) Strongly disagree 18. Your additional comments... Signature: Date:



PIE-CHARTS

Question 01. Management Education is a big investment for a relatively small growth.

Around 40% of the respondants agree with the statement showing there negative attitude towards management education.



Question 02. Management Education is now a necessity in the corporate world.

The Graph shows clearly that management education is considered worthy for the corporate world, and very few think otherwise.



Question 03. Management Education also leads to overall personality development than a sheer growth in career perspective.

87% of the respondants consider management education a key for personality development and a very few diaagree thereby proving the popularity of the same.



Question 04. Management Education is worthy only if done from top 10-20 b-schools of the country.

Only about 16 respondants feel that such an education can be pursued from any good insitute whereas the majority have faith only in the top 20 B-schools.



Question 05. Management Education should only be done after gaining a work experience.

People have varied view when asked about importance of work experience before undertaking management education. No consensus of the respondants for this question.



Question 06. Does your graduation specialisation / educational background act as a catalyst for persuing a career in Management Education.

38% people stay indifferent while others are evenly spread across other options when asked on this issue thereby suggesting that management education can be pursued by anyone.



Question 07. Management Education is not necessary to be a successful manager.

This pie-chart shows more or less equal distribution across responses thereby showing that for some there exists a direct co-relation between successful manager and management education and for the same number there exists no such relation.



Question 08. Management Education requires a good mix of knowledge plus good communication skills.

88% agree while NONE disagree thereby strongly proving that knowledge n communication are key to success in the discussed field.



Question 09. Management Education from abroad gives an edge over management education done in the country.

As expected this question could not bring about any dominance for any response because of the lack of awareness among many people and so people failed to judge appropriately between education in home and abroad.



Question 10. Does lack of job opportunities for graduated students make you opt for Management Education.

41% disagree and 30% agree when asked about job opportunities. Perhaps people answered more on the basis of their immediate environment and experience and not generally as a whole else such contrasting results would not have been there.



Question 11. Things like sports, energy, rural, media, etc can be linked to management education.

Many stay neutral and some agree as shown by the graph above but very few choose the negative side thereby showing that management education is pervasive at all levels.



Question 12. Distance learning course for Management Education is ‘beneficial’.

Here again more or less equal number of people agree, disagree and stay neutral thereby leaving the view on importance of distance learning education still a confusion.



Question 13. Management Education is course that is hyped too much.

55% stay on the agree side of the extreme and about 30% on neutral showing that management education is a course that is hyped in the market. None of the people strongly disagree with the same.



Question 14. Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered.

People have given mixed responses when asked about thier view on management education being a rat race.



Question 15. Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered for institutes.

The pie chart shows that many respondants are neutral on this view as some feel that certain coaching centres focus on quality education while certain others exist just for the sake of being a part of the Rat race. So we do not see a high percentage either agreeing or disagreeing.



Question 16. Coaching institutes are not mandatory for getting into a good b-school.

Most respondants stay on the disagree side of the continuum thereby proving that coaching institutes have very little to do in so far as management education is concerned.



Question 17. Are you thinking of opting for a management education.

Majority of the people agree on this question thereby proving in itself the importance of management education in today’s fast and competitive world.



WHAT IS A T-TEST?

T test is a type of parametric test. This test is based upon the assumption of normality ie, source data is considered to be normally distributed. T test is based on t-distribution and is considered an appropriate test for judging the significance of a sample mean or for judging the significance of difference between the means of two samples in case of small sample(s) when population variance is not known(in which case we use variance of the sample as an estimate of the population variance). In case the two samples are related we use paired t-test (or what is known as difference test) for judging the significance of the mean of difference between the two related samples. It can also be used for judging the significance of the coefficients of simple and partial correlations. The relevant test statistic, t, is calculated from the sample data and then compare with its probable value based on t distribution. It is to be noted that t-test is applied only in case of small samples when population variance is unknown. The t has more tail area than found in the normal distribution. This is a compensation for the lack of information of the population standard deviation. What is item analysis? Creating a Likert scale involved a procedure known as item analysis. In the first step a large number of statements were collected that met two criteria: 1) Each statement was relevant to the attitude being studied; 2) each was believed to reflect a favorable or unfavorable position on that attitude. People were asked to state their level of agreement with each of the questions with the help of a 5-point scale. The two extreme groups represent people with the most favorable and least favorable attitudes towards the attitude being studied. These items are the two criterion groups by which individual items are evaluated. Item analysis assesses each item on how well it discriminates between those people whose total score is high and those whose total score is low. It involves calculating the mean scores for each scale item among the low scorers and high scorers. The mean scores for the high-score and low-score groups are then tested for statistical significance by computing t values.



PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING T-STAT

The procedure for computing t-stat in Microsoft Excel is as follows:

Put the score of top 25% students for each question in Array 1 Put the score of bottom 25% students for each question in Array 2 Take a 2-tailed test Consider Type 2 (two sample equal variance assumed) Values of t-stat computed for each question : 1)Here the t-stat value is found out to be . 000589816 (SHOWN IN APPENDIX) 2)Here the t-stat value is found out to be .002314763 3) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .001209004 4) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .032265485 5) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 1.991747680 6) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 5.4712345 7) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .08484262 8) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .000589816 9) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .001100111 10) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .00000012 11) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 1.96843271 12) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 4.3247569 13) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .00035008 14) Here the t-stat value is found out to be .78270245 15) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 3.78135794 16) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 3.99783754 17) Here the t-stat value is found out to be 2.27680397 Hence The questions which have the power of discriminating between top 25% students and

bottom 25% students are QUESTION NUMBERS: 5,6,11,12,15,16,17

The questions which do not have the power of discriminating between top 25% students and bottom 25% students are QUESTION NUMBERS: 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,14



ANALYSIS OF COMMENTS GIVEN BY RESPONDENTS

The additional comments taken from the respondents included about 50% of the people posting

the comment, saying that Management Education has indeed become a necessity in today’s

competitive world. However, there were comments which condemned the present way of

imparting management education in India and that it is more of a “money churning business”

than to make us corporate leaders. Moreover, a lack of practical knowledge is indicated in the

comments and suggestions were made relating to the westernization of the current system.

Although, it was pointed out that Management education has become a “Necessary Evil” to build

up a strong position in the corporate world, but it was also suggested that such education can be

useful only if it is in parity with your interest field and capabilities.

From the above analysis it can be concluded that over the years, management education has

attained a lot of importance in our country but simultaneously certain areas like the finances

involved, the method of teaching etc. need special attention.



CONCLUSION

The Research undertaken to find out the Views of Undergraduate Students towards Management

Education has been successfully completed, by collecting data from students coming from varied

educational background in order to grasp a broader and more realistic view.

Likert Scale was taken as a basis for preparing the questionnaire. Tools like Pie-chart analysis

and T-Test analysis have been used for all the questions used for the research purpose. This is

done in order to project a better understanding of the research results.

This Research is an attempt to help find out the understanding of the mind-sets of the students

who might take up Management Education as a career option in near future. It highlights their

knowledge and expectations about the prevailing system of Management Education System in

our country. Hence the research can be used to remove the disparities in the student’s

expectations and the existing system of management education.



Appendix I

Questionnaire, as it looks online on the web page (Given to the respondents for filling up).















Appendix II

Data of some submitted forms:

Name Age Gender Place Educational Background

Management Education is a big investment for a relatively small growth.

Management Education is now a necessity in the corporate world.

1 Kunal Panja 22 Male Kolkata B.Tech Disagree Agree 2 Kopal Choudhary 21 Female Amravati Under Graduate Strongly agree Strongly agree 3 Mohit Chimote 21 Male Amravati B.E. Strongly agree Agree 4 smith 19 Male ahmedaad Bca Strongly agree Strongly agree

5 PRAKASH SINGHANIA 21 MALE KOLKATA B-TECH

Strongly disagree Disagree

6 Ayesha Sur 19 Female Kolkata Under Graduate Disagree Strongly agree 7 Nikita Bahety 19 Female Kolkata pursueing BBA Strongly agree Strongly agree 8 Kritika Bengani 22 female kolkata Engineering Agree Agree 9 Mayuka Agarwal 20 Female Kolkata B.com 2nd year Indifferent Agree

10 Aastha Chamaria 20 Female kolkata commerce student Indifferent Agree

Management Education also leads to overall personality development than a sheer growth in career perspective.

Management Education is worthy only if done from top 10-20 b-schools of the country.

Management Education should only be done after gaining a work experience.

Does your graduation specialisation / educational background act as a catalyst for persuing a career in Management Education.

1 Agree Agree Agree Disagree 2 Agree Agree Agree Agree 3 Agree Disagree Strongly agree Agree 4 Strongly agree Disagree Disagree Indifferent 5 Agree Indifferent Agree Indifferent 6 Strongly agree Agree Indifferent Agree 7 Agree Indifferent Disagree Indifferent 8 Strongly agree Agree Indifferent Strongly agree 9 Agree Strongly agree Indifferent Indifferent

10 Agree Strongly agree Disagree Disagree



Management Education is not necessary to be a successful manager.

Management Education requires a good mix of knowledge plus good communication skills.

Management Education from abroad gives an edge over management education done in the country.

Does lack of job opportunities for graduated students make you opt for Management Education.

1 Disagree Agree Agree Disagree 2 Indifferent Agree Agree Disagree 3 Agree Strongly agree Indifferent Agreee

4 Strongly disagree Indifferent Strongly disagree Strongly disagree

5 Disagree Strongly agree Disagree Disagree 6 Indifferent Agree Indifferent Disagree 7 Agree Agree Agree Disagree

8 Strongly disagree Strongly agree Agree Agreee

9 Agree Strongly agree Indifferent Disagree 10 Disagree Strongly agree Disagree Disagree

Things like sports, energy, rural, media, etc can be linked to management education.

Distance learning course for Management Education is ‘beneficial’.

Management Education is course that is hyped too much.

Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered.

Management Education is just a rat race for students without much attention being paid to quality being offered for institutes.

1 Agree Disagree Indifferent Agree Agree 2 Agree Indifferent Indifferent Disagree Disagree 3 Strongly agree Agree Indifferent Agree Agree 4 Agree Strongly agree Disagree Indifferent Strongly disagree 5 Strongly agree Indifferent Disagree Disagree Disagree 6 Indifferent Disagree Disagree Disagree Disagree 7 Agree Indifferent Disagree Disagree Disagree 8 Agree Disagree Agree Indifferent Indifferent 9 Indifferent Disagree Indifferent Agree Indifferent

10 Indifferent Indifferent Disagree Disagree



Coaching institutes are not mandatory for getting into a good b-school.

Are you thinking of opting for a management education. Your additional comments...

1 Disagree Agree

2 Disagree Agree

3 Agree Agree

4 Disagree Indifferent

5 Agree Agree

one should analyse himself whether he has enough quality to join management course or not

6 Indifferent Agree

7 Disagree Agree

8 Strongly agree Agree

9 Disagree Indifferent

10 Agree Indifferent



BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Business Research Methods, 9th Edition, Authors: Cooper

Schindler

2. Business Research Methods, Author: Kothari

3. www.wikipedia.com

4. Research Methodology, Author: D.K. Bhattacharya

5. Research Methods in Behavioural Science, Author: R.S. Dwivedi

6. Research Methods for Business, Author: U Sekaran

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Report on View of Undergraduate students towards ... · Report on “View of Undergraduate students towards Management Education” MBA-Day 1st Year, 2010-2011 Prepared by Abhishek