LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX – KARDJALI

REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REGARDING INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT BY A NEW ROASTING SHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR

SULFURIC ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS SHOP

INVESTOR: LZC AD – KARDJALI 127 Bulgaria Blvd. 6600 Kardjali

May 2007

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. General information ………………………………………………………………... 12. Annotation of the Investment Proposal for the construction, activities and

technologies ………………………………………………………………………... 2 2.1. Objective of the Investment Proposal and necessity to realize it.….………… 2 2.2. Location, infrastructural connections and land utilization ………………….. 3 2.2.1. Connections with the technical infrastructure of the area ……….……… 8 2.3. Description of the main production processes, installations capacity ………. 9 2.3.1. Technological essence of the Investment Proposal ………………….. 9 2.3.2. Roasting shop and system for sulphuric acid – description and

characteristics of the basic technological units ………………………….. 13 2.3.3. Modernization and enlargement of the “Wet extraction” shop 20 2.3.4. New electrolysis shop …………………………………………………. 25 2.3.5. Installations capacity ………………………………………………….. 35 2.4. Used in construction methods ……………………………………………….. 36 2.5. Used natural resources during the construction and operation ……………… 37 2.6. Social impact, risky work places, securing healthy and safe labour

conditions ……………………………………………………………………. 393. Location alternatives (with sketches and coordinates of significant points in the

established for the country coordinate system) and/or alternatives for the proposed by the contracting authority technologies as well the motives for the made selection, considering the impact on the environment, including the “zero alternative” .........................................................................................……………. 40

3.1. Plan, maps, showing the boundaries of the Investment Proposal and providing information about the physical, natural and anthropogenetic characteristics………………………………………………………………… 40

3.2. Considered alternatives ……………………………………………………… 45 3.2.1. Alternatives in site selection ……………………...…….…………...… 46 3.2.2. Alternatives in selection of technologies ……………………………… 46 3.2.3. Alternatives in selection of energy resources …………..….………….. 48 3.2.4. Alternatives in reducing the harmful emissions ……………………. 49 3.2.5. Alternatives in water consumption and making wastewaters harmless … 49 3.3. Sketch showing the location of the site and places of buildings, other

structures, materials used in the construction ………………………………... 50 3.4. Plans of existing roads, changes of the same …………..……………………. 51 3.5. Sensitive territories. National ecological network ………………………… 51

4. Comparison of the offered technologies with the conclusions suggested in the comparative documents for BAT (according to § 18 of Decree No 302/30.12.2005) ……………………………………………………………... 52

4.1. Alternatives for the technology for roasting zinc concentrates and the system for production of sulphuric acid ……………………………………………... 52

4.2. Alternatives for the technology of zinc electrolysis installation ………….. 54 4.2.1. Alternatives for the methods for purification of zinc sulphate solutions 54 4.2.2. Alternatives for the methods of electric extraction ……………………. 54 4.3. Alternatives for energy consumption ………………………………………... 55 4.4. Alternatives for reduction of sulphur-acid aerosols emissions ……………… 55

5. Description and analysis of the environmental components and factors that will be affected by the Investment Proposal, as well as by their interaction. Characteristics of the potential impact on the environment …………………. 57

5.1. Atmospheric air ……………………………………………………………… 57 5.1.1. Characteristic and analysis of the climatic and meteorological factors that

have relation with the concrete impact and the quality of the atmospheric air ...……………………………………………………………………….

57

5.1.2. Assessment of the climatic factors impact upon atmospheric contamination in the region ………………………………………………

61

5.1.3. Available data for the quality of the atmospheric air in the region of the Investment Proposal ……………………………………………………

63

…. 5.1.3 Characteristic of the potential impact during construction and operation of the object ………………………………………………………………

63

5.2. Waters – surface, underground and waste …………………………………… 66 5.2.1. Surface waters ……………………………………………………………. 66 5.2.2. Underground waters …………………………………….………………... 68 5.2.3. Waste waters …………………………………………….……………….. 69 5.2.4. Characteristic of the potential impact of the accomplishment of the

Investment Proposal …………………………………………………… 72

5.3. Bowels of the earth ………………………………………………………….. 5.3.1. Geological basis ………………………………………………………….. 5.3.2. Underground natural resources…………………………………………… 5.3.3. Characteristic of the potential impact during construction and operation

of the object ……………………………………………………………… 5.4. Lands and soils ………………………………………………………………. 5.4.1. Characteristic of the existing condition of the grounds and soils in the

region of the LZC AD …………………………………………………… 5.4.2. Forecast estimation of the presumable impact after the accomplishment of

the Investment Proposal …………………………………………….. 5.5. Vegetation and animal world, protected natural territories ………………….. 5.5.1. Characteristic of the condition and estimation of the impact on the

vegetation in the region …………………………………………………………….. SF Haskovo …………………………………………………………………………

5.5.2. Characteristic of the condition and estimation of the impact on the fauna in the region ……………………………………………………………….………..

5.5.3. Characteristic of the condition of the protected territories (PT) and the National Ecological Network (NEN). Prognosis and estimation ………...

5.6. Factor “Waste” ………………………………………………………….. 5.6.1. Waste of the Zinc Plant of the LZC AD- current condition ……………... 5.6.2. Prognosis for the impact of the waste on the environment after the

accomplishment of the Investment Proposal ………………………….. 5.7. Factor “Hazardous Substances” ……………………………………...……… 5.8. Factor “Risky Energy Sources” ……………………………………..………. 5.8.1. Harmful physical factors …………………………………………………. 5.8.2. Analysis and estimation of the presumed impact ………………………... 5.9. Factor “Cultural inheritance” ……………………………………………….. 5.9.1. Existence of historical, archaeological and architectural monuments……. 5.9.2. Prognosis and estimation of the impact on the condition of the historical,

archaeological and architectural monuments after the accomplishment of the Investment Proposal ………………………………………………..

6. Description, analysis and assessment of the presumed significant impact on the population and environment ………………………………………………………..

6.1. Impact during the realization of the Investment Proposal …………………..

6.1.1. Impact on the atmospheric air ……………………………………………. 6.1.2. Impact on the waters ……………………………………………………... 6.1.3. Impact on earth bowels, grounds and soils ………………………………. 6.1.4. Impact on flora and fauna ……………. …………………………………. 6.1.5. Impact of the waste on the environment ………………………………… 6.1.6. Impact of the harmful physical factors on the environment ……….……. ….6.1.7. Impact of the hazardous substances on the environment ……………….. 6.2. Utilization of the natural resources …………………………………………. 6.3. Emission of harmful substances in normal operation and in extraordinary

situations, generated waste and creation of discomfort ……………………… 6.3.1. Emission into the atmospheric air with waste gases ….……….………….. 6.3.2. Emissions into the waters after realization of the Investment Proposal 6.3.3. Generated waste …………………………………………………………. 6.3.4. Discomfort of the work and surrounding environment ………………….. 6.3.5. Emissions into the environment during construction works ………….…. 6.4. Health-hygienic aspects of the outside and work environment ……………… 6.4.1. Potentially affected population and territories, zones or objects with

specific hygienic-protective statute or liable to health protection, depending on the envisaged territorial scope of the impact on the environment components ………………………………………………...

6.4.2. Estimation of the health risk, measures for health protection and risk management ………………………………………………………………

6.5. Scope of the impact, degree and complexity of the impact, probability of appearance, duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact on the environment ………………………………………………………………….

7. Information about the used methods, laws and regulations, in prognostication and estimation of the impact on the environment ……………………………………….

8. Assessment of the impact significance – direct and indirect; cumulative; short-, medium- and long-term; positive and negative impact of the construction and exploitation on man and environment ………………………………………………

9. Description of measures envisaged to prevent, diminish, or where possible, to terminate the significant harmful impact upon the environment (Plan elaborated in Table form for implementation of the measures in compliance with § 10 of Decree No 302/30.12.2005) …………………….……………………………...……………

9.1 Measures for preventing, diminishing or compensating the negative consequences ……………………………………………………………….

9.2 Plan for implementation of measures for preventing and diminishing the harmful impact upon environment and people’s health ……………………..

9.2 Measures and plan in emergencies ………………………………………….. 9.3 Monitoring ……………………………………………………………………

10. Standpoints and opinions of the affected public, of the bodies that are competent to take decisions concerning the EIA, of other specialized institutions, formed as a result of conducted consultations ……………………………………………………

11. Conclusion of experts, in compliance with the requirements of art. 83, para. 3 …… 12. Description of difficulties encountered during preparation of the EIA report ….….. 13. Declaration of independence and certificates of the registered experts ……………. 14. List of Appendices to the Terms of Reference for the EIA ………………………..

14.1 Graphical Appendices ………………………………………………………. 14.2 Text Appendices …………………………………………….………………

1. General information

Name of the company: LEAD-ZINC COMPLEX AD – town of Kardjali Title deed for ownership No 12/1998 Bulstat: 000220014 Represented by Eng. Ognyan Mihailov – Executive Director Full mailing address: 127, Blvd. Bulgaria 6600 Kardjali Republic of Bulgaria Contact: Eng. Todor Georgiev – Head of Department “Ecology” LZC AD– Kardjali 127, Blvd. Bulgaria 6600 Kardjali Phone: 0361/645 01 238; fax: 0361/61 303; E-mail: ock@kardjali.com

This report for the EIA of an Investment Proposal of LZC AD, town of Kardjali, named Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant by a new roasting shop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis shop has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of art. 92 of the Environmental Protection Act (SG, issue 91/2002), of the Law on Amendment and Supplement of the EPA (SG, issue 77/2005) and the Regulation on the Condition and Procedure for carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment of investment proposals for construction, activities and technologies (SG, issue 25/18.03.2003). The EIA report has been prepared after carrying out the procedure under art. 95 of the EPA and articles 9 and 10 of the Regulation on the Condition and Procedure for carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment of investment proposals for construction, activities and technologies, and approved Terms of Reference and content of the EIA report by the competent body– MEW, outgoing No OBOCУ/07.05.2007 (See Text Appendices No 1). The preparation of the EIA report is assigned by contract No 2163, dated 20.02.200, to the SRS at the UCTM, in compliance with the requirements of art. 11 of the Regulation on the Condition and Procedure for carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment of investment proposals for construction, activities and technologies. The authors of the EIA report are independent experts, registered by MEW in compliance with Regulation No 1/26.02.2003 on the Procedure for Creation and Maintenance of a Public Register of Experts Carrying Out Ecological Assessment and Environment Impact Assessment, and the procedure for persons to apply to be entered into the Register. – SG, issue 22/11.03.2003.

2. Annotation of the Investment Proposal for the construction, activities and technologies

2.1 Objective of the Investment Proposal and necessity to realize it

The production activity of LZC AD – Kardjali is carried out in the own site (see further item 2.2 – figures 2.2-1 and 2.2-2); and by Decree of the Council of Ministers No 1392 of 26.05.1950, a terrain near Kardjali was approved for construction of a Lead-Zinc Plant. The production site, a property of the Company, is outside the regulation, according to Title Deed No 12, volume I, case No 12/98 of the Kardjali District Court, specifying ownership of an immovable property (see Text Appendices No 1). LZC AD – Kardjali began industrial activity in September 1955, when was started zinc production with annual capacity 5000 tons of zinc ingots and 7000 tons of sulphuric acid. One year later began the lead production with annual capacity 8 000 tons. During the recent years has been accomplished a series of ecologically friendly technical and technological improvements, owing to what was significantly improved the emission condition of the Company’s produces, namely: 1992 – commissioning the dust-collecting system “BET” with the objective to restrict the dust emissions of the Lead Plant; 1995 – commissioning the waste industrial water treatment plant; 2004-2005 – first stage of the Zinc Plant modernization, with introduction in operation of the jarosite process under a technology of the Spanish company Asturiana de Zinc and an installation for stabilisation of the jarosite cakes according to a patent-protected Bulgarian technology. In 1997 MEW ruled a positive decision for the EIA report, by which was allowed the production activity of the company. In 1998, in connection with the privatisation of the Company was prepared and accepted by the SEEC at MEW the report “Value assessment of damages inflicted on the environment by the produces of LZC AD – Kardjali”, together with a Programme for Rehabilitation Measures. As from October 2006, LZC AD – Kardjali possesses the Complex License No 124/2006 (see Text Appendices No 1), in which are covered the production activities of the Company, specifying the listed below capacities of the main installations in compliance with condition 4.1: Zinc producing installation (items 2.1, 2.5a and 2.5b from Appendix No 4 of EPA), with maximal annual capacity 32 000 tons of zinc ingots. Lead producing installation (items 2.1, 2.5a and 2.5b from Appendix No 4 of EPA), with maximal annual capacity 21 000 tons of lead. With the offered by IP modernization and enlargement of the main LZC AD’s – Kardjali production units of the Zinc Plant, the capacity of the zinc producing installation will raise up to 45 000 tons zinc ingots, respectively to 48 650 tons/year cathode zinc, i.e. the production capacity will raise with about 40 % in comparison with the determined by CP No 124/2006 capacity of 32 000 tons/year zinc ingots. The current production of the LZC AD’s Zinc Plant is based on technology and equipment from the 60’ies of the past century, which regardless of the many improvements and repairs, today is considerably below the up-to-date level of the modern zinc plants. The plant is physically depreciated and obsolescent, so its further functioning and development imposes modernization, together with the necessary raise of the production up to 45 000 tons zinc ingots (respectively to 48 650 tons cathode zinc), which will provide a resource for servicing the bank credits.

The envisaged by the IP modernization of the Zinc Plant is a logical continuation of the carried out in 2004-2005 first stage of the Zinc Plant renovation, with introduction of the jarosite technology for extracting the zinc burnt blende and stabilization of the obtained solid waste (jarosite cakes), in compliance with the requirements of Directive 1999/31/EC of 26.04.1999 and Regulation No 8/2005. The object of this EIA report is an Investment Proposal of LZC AD – Kardjali for “Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant by a new roasting shop, new system for sulphuric acid and new electrolysis shop”. By the offered IP will end the second finalizing stage of the Zinc Plant modernization and will be reached the indicated capacity of 45 000 tons/year of zinc ingots, brand “SGH Zinc” (Special High Grade Zinc) with assay 99.995 % (respectively 48 650 tons cathode zinc). The modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant in essence is an ecological project – more than 50 % of the envisaged investments are for new ecologically friendly objects. The project for a new roasting furnace and new system for sulphuric acid will be produced and realized on the basis of Know How, engineering and supply of the main equipment package from Outokumpu Technology (the former LURGI Gmbh). The investment amounts to 35 millions euro. The project for a new electrolysis shop will be prepared and realized on the basis of Know How, engineering and supply of the main equipment package from the Spanish firm Asturiana de Zinc. The investment amounts to 25 millions euro. After project documentation of Asturiana de Zinc will be made also the reconstruction for enlarging the “wet extraction” shop. An essential portion of the latter is the section for purification of the zinc sulphate solutions, where is introduced the efficient method of the so-called “activated nickel-cobalt purification” of the solutions before electrolysis, and a new equipment scheme for processing of obtained during the cementing purification cakes– copper cake, copper-cobalt-nickel cake, cadmium cake. The remaining, liable to reconstruction and enlargement objects (new store for concentrates and reconstruction of the old one, a second line for filtration and stabilization of the jarosite cakes, and enlargement of the cadmium electrolysis), will be designed and realized on the basis of own financing by the firm. At this stage remain practically unchanged the section for melting the cathode zinc, including the casting lines for zinc ingots; the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the Complex, the capacity of which is considered sufficient. The production activity of the Zinc Plant puts the IP into the activities of items 2.1, 2.5a and 2.5b of EPA’s Appendix No 4. According to a letter of MEW (outgoing No OBOCУ-10495 of 23.01.2007 – see Text Appendices No 1) the envisaged modernization and enlargement of the zinc producing installation represents an “essential alteration” in the sense of the EPA, hence its accomplishment is not allowed by CP No 124/2006, and the operator LZC AD should work out and submit to the Executive Environmental Agency a new application for issuance of a new Complex Licence. 2.2 Location, infrastructural connections and land utilization The production activity of LZC AD – Kardjali is situated on own site by the Decree of the Council of Ministers No 1392 of 26.05.1950. The site is outside regulation and is possessed by the Company according to Title Deed for ownership of an immovable property No 12/98 – Kardjali District Court (see Text Appendices No 1). In the next figure is shown the situation of the production site of LZC AD (map of the area in scale 1:25 000). The envisaged in the IP new installations and technological enlargements will be realized within surfaces of the current production site of the Company, and are marked in the presented in Graphical Appendices No 1 and No 2 partial master plan.

The area, in which is situated LZC AD, occupies a plain territory to the north of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” with an average altitude about 250 m. To the south the site borders on the railway Kardjali-Haskovo, and to the north – on the third-class road Kardjali-Haskovo. About 2 km eastwards of LZC AD is the production site of “Bentonit” AD. As seen from the enclosed map of the area of the considered object (figure 2.2-1), near the sanitary-hygienic protective zone of the Complex is the eastern part of the town Kardjali, the nearest public building being the Agricultural Vocational School. Regarding the requirements of Regulation No 7/25.05.1992 on the Hygienic-Protective Zones, the production status of LZC AD, on the date of the Regulation No 7 issuance, violates the requirement for a 3000 m hygienic zone. Other settlements situated near LZC are the villages Ostritsa and Vishegrad (about 2-2.5 km to the south, on the other side of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”), village Gluhar – also southwards, and village Shiroko Pole – at about 4.5 km to the east. To the north, in which direction is the prevailing wind, are situated village Panchevo – at 3.5 km, and village Rani List – at 6.5 km. LZC AD is situated in the industrial part of Kardjali, which occupies the southeast part of the town. The area is diverse in geomorphological respect and is distinguished with strongly expressed segmentation, which conditions its hilly-mountainous relief. The orographic particularities of the area, together with the character topography and relief elements of the Eastern Rodopa, influence the climatic conditions, and in this way, the spreading and dispersing of the atmospheric air contaminants. The production activity of LZC AD is being accomplished in the industrial site having a total surface area of 326 230 m2, which is outside regulation and is a property of the Company (Title Deed for ownership of an immovable property No 12/1998). On the same site will be realized also the new installations and enlargements of the Zinc Plant.

Fig.2.2-1

MAP OF KARDJALI

REGION LZC –AD -

KARDJALI IS IN THE CENTRE

M 1: 25 000

Fig. 2.2-2 General situation of

Zinc P

L AD, with locatio sites for the n roduction installations s of the cu ntly operating production units in the scheme of the l

ZC and for enlargement

ant.

n of rre

ew p

Sites for the new in ations and enlarstall gements

ABBCD

ew store for concen s - ew roasting shop -2 ew shop for sulphu id nlargement of “wet action” shop” w electrolysis shop

- N1 - N

- N - E - Ne

trate

ric acextr

Key for e figure: the numbers in th

2. Offices, substation

Burdening section 1. Store for concentrates

ses in the Roasting-Acid production

et extraction 8. Automated system for control of the technological processes in the Zinc production,

shop. 19.

for old damages and does not exist physically. That is why item 19 is simply omitted –

4. Zinc oxide

6.

.

ne shop 0. Section for scheduled maintenance at the Repair-Machine shop

department, Construction-Repair shop

3. Store of Construction-Repair shop 4. Steam-water shop

1. Shop for processing battery waste

3. Glaze & Minium 4. Speiss furnace 5. Charging base, tin and rolling section 6. Refining, short-drum furnaces, silver production, offices 7. Melting section 8. Dust collection 9. Sintering

10. 112. Automated system for control of the technological proces

13. Roasting shop 14. Sulphuric acid shop 15. Sodium bisulphide shop 16. Compressor section 17. W1

current rectifying section, electrical repairs(This building is not indicated in the sketch, since it has been demolished under a programme

Translators note). 20. Zinc dichloride 21. Bismuth section 22. Zinc powder 23. Cobalt salts 225. Oxygen station 2 Central Plant Laboratory; Instruments for control and measurement, automation 27. Canteen for the workers 28. Transportation shop 29 Store for chemicals 30. Store for spare parts 31. Store for fuels and lubricants 32. Store No 1 33. Fireproof store 34. Administrative building, Instruments for control and measurement, automation 35. Auxiliary building 36. Carpentry shop 37. Store for materials 38. Pattern shop 39. Repair-Machi441. Design2. Milk center 4

44

45. lity

. The

ith the technical infrastructure of the area

pply of industrial water is from the artificial lake Kardjali through an dependent water pipeline. The internal industrial water network is made of steel pipes and

ith water for cooling and production needs. Alterations after ommi

The industrial waste waters are collected in two separate sewerages – one for nditionally clean

ooling) waters. Both are directed along two independent channels to the Complex’s WWTP Kladenets”. The operation of the

WTP is regulated by conditions 10.1.1.2 and 10.1.2.1 of CP No 124/2006. No substantial

e washing cycle waters (the so-called washing acids –

Fuel oil faci46. Treatment station 47. Artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” Above in figure 2.2-2 is shown the situational plan of the site with locations of the existing basic building fund as well as of the auxiliary buildings, in which are marked the places of the new installations and the envisaged enlargements of the existing installations per the IPsituational plans of the new shops and the envisaged enlargements of the currently operating production units of the Zinc Plant, according to the preliminary designs (project phase Pre-Basic-Engineering) of Outokumpu Technology (the former LURGI GmbH) and Asturiana de Zinc for LZC for AD – Kardjali, are shown further in figures 3.1-1, 3.1-2 and 3.1-3 (see item 3.1). 2.2.1. Connections w Transport connections The communication connections of LZC AD are accomplished by means of railway transport along a deviation from the railway station Kardjali as well as by auto transport. The main loading-unloading port-facility of the company is the Port Complex in the town of Burgos. Electrical power supply and water supply

The power supply is from the national power system through an independent power line. The suinsupplies all installations wc ssioning of the new installations, which will be switched into the existing network, are not envisaged. The same applies for the current steam pipeline of the Complex. Sewerage systems for the wastewaters For the domestic-focal wastewaters there is an independent sewerage system, which is switched to the town’s sewerage – no changes are envisaged after commissioning of the new installations. contaminated industrial and rain waters from the sites, and another for co(cfor treatment, and from there, to the artificial lake “StudenWchange in the operation of the WWTP is envisaged after the commissioning of the new installations. Regardless that the capacity of the zinc production will raise, the total flow of waste waters after commissioning of the new installations will be somewhat reduced – the volume of the heavily polluted from thsee further item 6.1.2) will be reduced and stabilized as flow-rate, what is expected to easy the work of the WWTP.

Solid waste The generated solid waste currently is stored in temporary sites within the territory of LZC AD (according to conditions 11.3 of CP No 124/2006), what will continue till the

er the MRP of Kardjali, and now LZC

), the legal owner of an ienterpr permis existingconstruinfrastructu Uti

The roduction ite, for

proved plans for land utilization and does not impose 2.3 Description of the main production processes, installations capacity 2.3.1. Te Witaccompclosed sulphur- ac A nremovaobtaini Higresidue, fojarosite technology, introduced in operation after the first modernization stage of the Zinc Plant in 2004-2005).

construction of a storage pond for hazardous waste. For this storage pond a permission has been received from the Kardjali municipality (see Text Appendices No 1) to use the site “Dobrovolets”, a landed property with pl. No 73 undAD is in a procedure of preparing a DRP-BUP with the next design and the EIA report. In order to secure the construction and operation of the new installations and enlargements will be used the existing infrastructure – road network, railway transport, power lines, water supply and sewerage. Going out of the boundaries of the site’s territory during excavation and filling works, assembly, and other construction activities is not envisaged. Specialized companies will carry out the construction, the provision of construction materials being secured by local suppliers. Additional areas for temporary construction activities are also not envisaged. Connection with other existing and approved by a regulation or other plan activities The envisaged according to IP new installations will be situated in the currently operating industrial site of the Complex (see Graphical Appendices No 1 and 1.A

of which is LZC AD – site outside regulation, according to a Title Deed for ownership mmovable property (see Text Appendices No 1) and the entire building fund of the ise. For the construction of new and reconstruction of the existing objects a newsion for providing sites is not needed, as those objects will be constructed on the site in the approved cadastral plan. The sites, on which will be carried out new ction, are within the territory of LZC AD and are entirely bound with the existing

re.

lization of land Investment Proposal will be realized on the territory of the LZC AD’s p

s which the Company possesses an Act for Ownership of immovable property (Title Deed for ownership of immovable property No 12, volume 1, case No 12/98 – Kardjali District Court), that means it bears no relation with the present or future users of lands in the region and it is not necessary to adapt any lands to the site of the object. Due to these reasons, IP has no connections with the existing ap

alterations in them.

chnological essence of the Investment Proposal

h the currently acting technology, the production of zinc in LZC AD is lished by the so-called “Standard hydrometallurgical scheme”, which is realized in a cycle of the solutions. The obtained at the roasting burnt blende is subjected to

id extraction in two stages: eutral extraction stage when a zinc sulphate solution is obtained, which after

l of admixtures as copper, cadmium and cobalt, moves to electrical extraction for ng of cathode zinc.

h temperature additional extraction of zinc from the unsolved in the first stage llowed by further sedimentation of the dissolved iron as jarosite (the so-called

dioxide (8 are process Thethe so-call -ferrous metals,

ization from the zinc concentrates and reduction of sulphur

f the zinc from the temporary deposited old ferrite cakes and sediments from the WWTP.

• Indirectly reducing the total emissions of sulphur dioxide in the LZC through utilization of the roasting heat for production of steam in a waste-heat boiler, what will spare about 6000 tons of fuel oil in the steam plant of the Complex.

In figure 2.3-1 is presented the principle technological scheme for the production of zinc in LZC AD, where are marked the new technological installations and enlargements of those that are currently operating. As seen, the envisaged by this Investment Proposal second stage of production modernization includes:

• New covered store for concentrates with an area of 3780 m2; reconstruction of the system for burdening and the belt conveyor for feeding the roasting furnace from the old, currently operating store for concentrates;

• New roasting shop under the technology of Outokumpu Technology (the former LURGI Gmbh), with capacity of 12.5 t/h processed zinc concentrate (dry mass), complete with a system for dry dust collection, pneumatic transportation installation for the burnt blende and a spare burnt blende silo with capacity 2000 t.

• New shop for sulphuric acid, with building a system employing the double catalysis and absorption method (the so-called DCDA system), also under a technology of Outokumpu Technology – providing capacity of 12.6 t/h of 96 % sulphuric acid;

• New electrolysis shop under the technology of Asturiana de Zinc – Spain, with increased capacity for zinc ingots production from 32 000 t/y (as per CP No 124/2006) to 45 000 t/y, brand SHG (Special High Grade zinc) with assay 99.995 % .

The gases emitted at roasting of zinc concentrates are with high content of sulphur – 10 % vol. SO2) and after two consecutive stages of dry and wet dust collecting, ed in two monocatalytic systems for production of sulphur acid. received during the jarosite stage of the wet extraction jarosite cake is subjected to ed “stabilization” in order to immobilize the mobile soluble form of non

aimed at restricting their solubility at storing. The Lead & Zinc Complex in the town of Kardjali began its production activity in September 1955, when was started production of zinc ingots with annual capacity 5000 tons and 7000 tons of sulphur acid. The production of the Zinc Plant is based on technology and equipment from the 60’ies of the past century, and regardless of the carried out during the years improvements and multitude of current maintenance repairs, today they are physically depreciated and technologically obsolescent. After the introduction in 2005 of the jarosite technology in the scheme of the “wet extraction” shop it became clear that the further operation and development of the LZC AD’s Zinc Plant require continuation of the production modernization by designing and building a new roasting shop, new system for sulphuric acid and new electrolysis shop. The modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant in essence is an ecological project. More than ½ of the envisaged investments are intended for new ecologically friendly objects, mainly in the following directions:

• Better sulphur utildioxide emissions in the waste gases received in roasting of sulphide burden;

• Removing non-organized dust emissions received in roasting of zinc concentrates; • Removing non-organized sulphur acid emissions received at electrolysis of zinc; • Raising the degree of zinc extraction and utilization o

• Enlargement of the jarosite section and the solution purification section in the “wet extraction” shop, introducing additional equipment – 2 jarosite reactors and one thickener; improved equipment scheme of the solution purification, introducing the so-called “activated cobalt-nickel purification”, and equipment for processing the cement sediments (copper-cadmium and copper-cobalt-nickel cakes).

The investments for the roasting shop and the shop for sulphuric acid of Outokumpu echnology amount to 35 million euro – what includes Know How, engineering and a basic ackage of equipment to be delivered by Outokumpu Technology. The investments for a new lectrolytic shop and a new process for purifying the zinc solutions of Asturiana de Zinc – pain amount to 25 millions euro – what includes Know How, engineering and a basic ackage of equipment to be delivered by Asturiana de Zinc.

The remaining objects of the Zinc Plant enlargement will be designed and realized on e base of Company’s self-financing.

The developed technological solutions will be annotated and assessed on the grounds f the presented materials from the preliminary design work for LZC AD (the so-called Pre-asic Engineering) of Outokumpu Technology and Asturiana de Zinc, in the sequence of the asic operations in the technological schemes as grouped above – new “roasting shop” and ew “system for sulphuric acid”, modernization and enlargement of the “wet extraction” hop, new “electrolysis” shop.

The envisaged by the IP new roasting shop and new DCDA system for sulphuric acid ill be developed on a newly built-up area of 2550 m2, in which 870 m2 are for the roasting

shop and 1680 m2 for the sulphuric acid system. The new electrolysis shop will occupy a new area of 4560 m2 (see Graphical Appendices No 1 and No 1 A).

TpeSp th oBbns w

Zinc concentrates Waste gases in the stack

Roasting in “BL” furnace

Dry dust collection

Production of sulphuric acid (DCDA system)

Technical sulphuric acid Zinc burnt blende ( 94–98 % H2SO4)

Washing acid

H2SO4 extraction (neutral stage)

Extraction by WB (jarosite stage)

Copper and cadmium

purification

Nickel and cobalt purification

Old ferrite cakes

Electroextractions

Melting for ingots

Exhelec

austed trolyte

45 000 t/y ingot zinc (SHG 99,995 %)

Jarosite cake

Stabilization of the cake Stabilized jarosite

cake for storing

Cake prossesing

Cadmium electrolyte

Poor copper cake (for sale)

Final cadmium purification

Rich copper cake (for sale)

Cadmium electrolysis

Melting for ingots

Neutralization in WWTP

Cadmium ingot

Fig. 2.3-1 Interrelations between the current technology of zinc production and the new installations of the roasting shop, the system for sulphuric acid and the electrolysis shop New Enlargement of the Unchanged technology current technology technology 2.3

drystaan

co

th Thto – K furabpreeqNoproproemsta(W su

inc

2.3

witheraitotbuloatraPlavib

bepabu

.2. Roasting sh

waste g gasck wd 6.6

envisages a new co

t from the new store t

y sieve for separatinncen

e FB furnace (volu

op and syse basic technological units

e new roasting shop and thethe design development of Oardjali.

The roasting shop will nace), while the shop for sorption” (further designatesented the situation of th

uipment in the main produc 1). This modern system oduction of sulphuric acidductivity, compactness, eissions of harmful gases, tndards. For regeneration oHB), immediately after the

The system DCDA inlphur dioxide in the

), what is considerably aste gas flows (art. 54,.1). As stated in the IP, th

ludes seven basic technolog

.2.1. New shop for zinc con

IPthin the territory of the Zinc LZC’s site, at about 300 mlway line (see above fig. 2.al surface of 3785 m2, winkers for supplies of varioding/unloading works. Thnspornt, where will be carried orator

trate or inert admixturelt conveyor will transport thrt of the currently operatingnker of th

er

tter being considerably below

ases below 0.01 vol. % SO2 (respeion7.0

vered store for zinc concentrates. D

owards the currently operating sto

g eventual lumps that have form

me of the bunker is 160 m3).

tem for sulphuric acid – descrip

new DCDA system for sulphuric autokumpu Technology (the form

employ a furnace with “boiling layesulphuric acid will use the systemd as DCDA system). In figure 3.1e new roasting shop, together wtion units (see also the general situaf Outokumpu Technology for roast from technological gases is chafficient utilization of the furnacehe laf the roasting gases heat will be iFB furnace. the “Sulphuric acid” shop will gu

below the admissible concentrat 2 para. 1 of Regulation No 1 of

e roasting complex with the DCDAical units, which are considered bel

centrates

Plant, the new store will be constr from the FB furnace, the site being2.2 and Graphical Appendix No 1.ll have open ground-level reinforcus concentrates), which will be see zinc concentrates will be tran

ut burdening for each work shift. T

s, and after that enters the bunkere ready burden towards the FB furn inclined trestle and a newly built d

ristics of

LURGI Gmbh) for LZC AD

the limits of the respective

ctively below 286 mg/Nm3 s of sulphur dioxide in those 6.2005 – see also items 6.3

ue to lack of suitable area

the existing

re (the old one) of the Zinc

ed due to wetting of the

tion and characte

cid are presented according

r” (further referred to as FB “double catalysis double

-1 (see further item 3.1) is ith the arrangement of the tion in Graphical Appendix ing of zinc concentrate and racterised by high specific gases heat and the low

nstalled a waste-heat boiler

arantee reduced content of

system for sulphuric acid ow.

ucted in the western part of connected withA). The store will occupy a ed concrete cubicles (open rviced by a bridge crane in sported by dedicated auto

he burden passes through a

for ready-to-use burden. A ace, using for this purpose a eviation towards the feeding

2.3.2.2

cess, in which the sulphide components of the zinc concentrate must transform as much as possible into oxides (the so-called “dead oxidation roasting”), which are

mon presentation of the process is by the chemical reaction:

iler (WHB) for producing overheated steam (40 at); cyclones and a dry electrofilter (DEF)

, diameter 7.69 m, height 15.42 m). According to the IP, the FB furnace allows processing zinc concentrates with different composition and guarantees good

- sulphide sulphur in the burnt blende 0.3 % (± 0.1 %)

. Roasting of zinc concentrates

Roasting is a pro

soluble in diluted sulphur-acid solutions. The most com

MeS + 1½ O2 = MeO + SO2, where Me = Zn, Cu, Cd and others

Sulphide minerals of the concentrate, which contain iron, in roasting form hardly soluble ferrites (e.g. ZnO.Fe2O3 – zinc metaferrite). To extract the zinc from them has to be employed a special technology of high-temperature sulphur acid extraction, followed by a jarosite process for settling the iron (see further item 2.3.3.1). The technological scheme of the equipment in the installation for roasting zinc concentrates, according to the project of Outokumpu Technology (Pre-Basic-Engineering stage), includes a Lurgy-design “boiling-layer” furnace with peripheral equipment – a waste-heat bo

for fine dust collecting; water-cooled drum cooler for the burnt blende; elevator for transporting the burnt blende to an intermediate bunker of the FB furnace, and from there – by a pneumatic transportation system to a bunker in the “wet extraction” shop, and a spare external silo (2000 m3) for storing the burnt blende. The separate technological units of the roasting installation are presented by the principle equipment schemes in Graphical Appendices No’s 2A, 2B and 2C. The roasting process is accomplished in a FB furnace (Lurgy design) with capacity 12.5 t/h (floor surface 38 m2

technological indices:

- sulphate sulphur in the burnt blende 1.8 % (± 0.2%)

The FB furnace KW 01 E001 is fed from the basic acceptance bunker JA 01 G001 (Graphical Appendix No 2.A) by a belt dosimeter under the bunker, with automatic regulation and remote control of the supplied concentrate (accomplished by weight control and changing the belt speed) as well as by the disk feeder JA 01 G002 with two feeding belts (one operational and one spare) for delivering the concentrate into the entrance chamber of the FB furnace. The initial start of the furnace is accomplished by its pre-heating with 3 diesel oil burners – BB 01 E101, BB 01 E102 and BB 01 E103 (further see also item 6.3). The roasting process is auto-thermal; in the boiling layer is maintained temperature within the range 900 - 975ºC, the excessive heat being removed by water cooled caissons (KW 01 E001, -E102, -E202, which operate in evaporation regime together with the system of the waste-heat boiler). The necessary for roasting air is provided by the air-blower JL 01 G001. The roasting is accomplished as a continuous process that forms two technological flows:

- Fine grained zinc burnt blende, which is being permanently gravity-evacuated from the so-called overflow of the furnace (flow KW 001), as well as larger, formed by aggregation particles, periodically evacuated through an opening near the bottom of the FB furnace (flow KW 003);

- Dusty SO2 gases with temperature around 950ºC (flow KW 002), which are evacuated from the upper part of the furnace and enter the waste heat boiler and the system for dry dust collection.

exchanging urfaces. The mechanical shaking device is pneumatically driven; it switches on automatically

ich depends on the dustiness of the gas ow.

nt blende from the furnace and the dust from the WHB are hot; they are

temperature is brought down t atransfer ddesiredventilat n

ust from both that from the dry electrical filter DA 01

or JK 01 G001 and the bucket elevator JK 01 001, t

system (maximal output 30 t/h), then will be forwarded to the unloaded into the existing

f the pneum pipelines are in anti-abrasive execution.

2.3.2.3. Production of steam in the waste heat boiler

The hot flow of dust containing gases leaves the FB furnace and enters the waste heat boiler (WHB) – item GA 01 E001 in Graphical Appendix No 2.B. WHB is a horizontal, hermetically closed unit, with membrane-type walls and evaporating tube panels provided with a mechanical shaking device. As a heat-engineering structure, WHB is a forced circulation boiler for production of technological high-pressure steam (40 at). The speed of the dusty gas flow in the zone of the evaporating pipe packs (panels) is made by design to be low, in order to avoid erosion of the heat sin specified time intervals with adjustable duration, whfl

The WHB operates jointly with a reservoir for feeding water coming from the demi water section (so called WCP – water chemical purification), which is equipped with deaerator, circulating pump (with turbine) and a station for steam pressure reduction. The device for reducing the pressure has the task to bring the produced steam (14.7 t/h, pressure 40 at) in compliance with the parameters of the steam for technological needs (8 at) and feeding it into the currently operating network of the plant. After the steam pressure is reduced, it is supplied through a distributing station to the separate consumers in the low-pressure ring of the plant.

2.3.2.4. System for processing the burnt blende and pneumatic transportation

installations

The burcollected in a common hermetical chute and by means of the air-cooled chain conveyor GC 01 G001 (see Graphical Appendix No2.B) and the water-cooled rotational feeder GC 01 Q001 are fed into the sectional water-cooled drum GC 01 E001, where their

o bout 120ºC. By means of an inclined screw conveyor the cooled burnt blende is re to the ball mill HP 01 T01, which will be designed to mill the particles to the size (90 % under 0.075 mm and 70 % under 0.050 mm). At the mill will operate a io system, which includes the sleeve filter HP 01 V001 and the suction ventilator HP

01 G001, which sends the dedusted airflow into a 10 m stack (stack K2 – see further in item 6.3). After the mill, into the flow of the burnt blende switches also the fine dcyclones DA 01 V101 and DA 01 V102 as well V002; after that, by means of the chain conveyG he combined flow of burnt blende is collected in the intermediate bunker JK 02 G002 (shown further in figure 6.3-1, in item 6.3). The intermediate bunker JK 02 G002 possesses an aspiration system that includes a sleeve filter and suction ventilator. The burnt blende will be transported from the bunker to the FB furnace by a pneumatic transportation section ”wet extraction” (see further item 6.3), where will be bunker system of the neutral extraction stage mechanical agitators. The air parameters o

atic installation will be: airflow rate – 3000 Nm3/h and pressure 6 at. The

The strw before releasing it into the atmosphere (see further item

6.1.1 a

the section for wet purification of the DCDA system for sulphuric acid. B

atching the created sulphur-acid and aerosol mist (Graphical Append

iluted sulphur dioxide, is directe

o avoid settling and formation of

roducing sulphuric acid will be used the technological SO2 gases produced by the for production of sulphuric

A system), which includes the following main sections:

the wet purification n of SO2 into SO3 in a contact device with double catalysis;

ion of the sulphuric trioxide (intermediate and al absorber)

ucture accepting the burnt blende includes a dust-collecting system with sleeve filter for purifying the transported airflo

nd item 6.3). 2.3.2.5. System for dry purification of the roasting gases The roasting gases leaving the WHB, enter the section for dry purification, which consists of two cyclones – DA 01 V101 and DA 01 V202 (height 7.39 m, internal diameter 2.25 m) and the electrical filter DA 01 V002 (Graphical Appendix No 2.B); in this section they are dedusted, and with about 10-11 % SO2 and remaining content of dust below 200 mg/Nm3 are directed to

etween both sections, in a place of the gas rout, is installed an intermediate ventilator (smoke suction) to cover losses of pressure in the system for dry gas purification. 2.3.2.6. System for wet purification of the gas flow The section for wet purification of the roasting gases includes a speedy, “Venturi”-type dust collector CQ 01 E 001, tube cooler for the gas flow and two wet electrical filters (WEF) CE 01 V001 and CE 01 V002 for c

ices No 2.D and No 2.E). The washing of the gas flow in the dust collector “Venturi” is organized in an independent closed cycle of sprinkling with washing solutions (diluted washing acid – 3-10% H2SO4) in such a way that a portion of the solution from the dust collector “Venturi” CQ 01 E001 passes through the cone settler CQ 01 C002, from the bottom of which can be evacuated a thickened sediment mass. A portion of the washing acid (about 4 m3/h) is continuously taken out of the washing cycle and after blowing through with air in a desorption column (the desorber CQ 01 G004) to separate the d

d (together with the sludge from the cone settler) to the WWTP of the plant. The desorbed SO2 gas enters in the route of the basic gas flow for production of technical sulphuric acid. The taken out of the wet purification system so-called “washing acid”, will be with average concentration about 5%, respectively about 50 g/l H2SO4. The restricting requirements for proper operation of the wet purification system are:

- Content of sludge in the washing acid, required tdeposits on the equipment – below 10 g/l.

- Content of fluoride and chlorine, required to maintain their partial pressure low and limit their entering in the shop for sulphuric acid – below 2.5 g/l.

Having in mind the above limitations, it is recommended that the maximal concentration of H2SO4 in the washing acid do not exceed 10% (up to 100 g/l). 2.3.2.7. System for producing sulphuric acid For pFB furnace. In IP is envisaged building of a modern Lurgi systemacid, employing double catalysis and double absorption (DCD

- Dry- Catalytic conversio

ing the gas flow obtained after ;

- Absorpt fin .

The production of the final product (technical sulphuric acid, 96-98.5 % ma s) passes through three basic process units:

Drying of the gas. The cooled and purified from dust gas is fed into the drying tower AD 01 G001 (see Graphical Appendix No 3.A), where the moisture is removed by sprinkling with concentrated sulphuric acid and delivered into a closed cycle through the acid ler AD 0 dried SO2 gas, by means of the gas-blower AD 01 G002 is delivered into the contact device.

degree of gas drying before conversion depend the formation of m he risk of heat exchangers corrosion, and the concentration of acid contact devic hen the

f SO2 into SO3. Through two external heat exchangers, KK 01 r conversion in the contact device KK 01 G001,

hich performs two-stage catalysis, (with four catalytic layers of V2O5 and two intermediate

achieve autogenous conducting of the process of conversion (oxidation) SO2 into SO3, the heat exchangers are designed to heat the gas at the entrance in the contact device up to 400ºC;

mal concentration of 7.0 volumetric % SO2 and a ratio SO2/O2 ithin the limits 1:1.2 to 1:1.4.

ipally different, igher degree of conversion (above 99.6%) and considerably lower residual content of SO2 in

ases (below 0.01 vol. % SO , respectively below 286 mg mg/Nm3 SO2) in % SO2).

Absorption of SO3. It is accomplished in two stages. The first stage is carried out in lled intermediate absorb 4.6 m, H = 10.5 m), e a i r coo in

d abso 01 G ond absorption tower with the indicated dimensions), having analogical lamellar co AF 0flow after the end absorber, containing less than 0.01 vol. % SO2, is evacuated through the 50 m stack for waste gases AF 01 W100 (see further item 6.3).

The prod t obtained r the rption is sulphuric acid with concentration 98 , which th ugh the ext l acid 1 E002 is pumped out towards a reservoir for the final product. For stor the f ct will be used the existing reservoirs for sul ic acid, hich satis requ ondition 8.3.4.2 of CP No 124/2006). Depending on the seasonal regim of o y be diluted, e.g., in the winter regime, the produced su huric a ntration 93 %. In Table 2.3 re given ata for the uality eed by Outokumpu Technology.

Table 2.3-1 Characteristics of the final prod ct – tec

Characteristics / contents Unit Value

s

coo1 E001. The

On the ist, tin the e (w

installation is stopped).

Catalytic conversion oE003 and KK 01 E004, the dried gas enters fowheat exchangers KK 01 E001 and KK 01 E001 (see Graphical Appendix No 3.B). In order to

the incoming flow has a miniw

The principle of the double catalysis process is based on the law on mass action; after a certain degree of conversion (e.g., after the second catalytic layer), the created sulphuric trioxide is taken out of the chemical equilibrium by intermediate absorption, what moves the equilibrium in the direction of forming SO3. In this way is achieved princhthe waste g 2comparison with the monocatalytic process (0.1-0.15 vol.

the so-cawhere ththe en

er AJ 01 G001 (absorption tower, D = cid is cooled n the lamella

001 (secler AJ 01 E001; the second stage is carried out

rber AJ oler 1 E001 (see Graphical Appendix No 3.C). The gas

uc afte final abso.5 % ro erna cooler AF 0

ing inal produphur w fy all

eirements (c

peration, the final product malp cid will be with H2SO4 conce

-1 a d q of the final product, as guarant

u hnical sulphuric acid

1. Concentration of H2SO4 %, mass 98.5*/ 2. Colour - colourless 3. Temperature ºC < 40

4. Content of admixtures Iron ppm < 50

(< 0.005%) Arseni ppm < 1 um ….Lead ppm < 1 ….Mercury ppm 0.5 - .3.0**/ ….N2O3 ppm < 50 ….Chlorine ppm < 5 Fluorides ppm < 3

*/ Will be produced also 93 SO4 – the so-called technical s acid with winter concentration ;

The technological dimensioning of the process in on the basis of 12.5 t/h (dry mass) zin osition of the zinc con ded granulometric com . TabExp

% H2 ulphuric

**/ Recommended level of mercury content. 2.3.2.8. Technological basis of the roasting in FB furnace and production of sulphuric

acid in the DCDA system

1) Processed raw materials

c concentrate or burden, respectively of 300 t/24 h. The chemical compcentrates is presented by the data in Table 2.3-2, while the recommenposition of the burden from the processed concentrates is in Table 2.3-3

le 2.3-2 ected chemical composition of the zinc concentrates

Chemical compositions, % of dry mass Compo-nents In mixture,

min. % In mixture,

max. % Limits of variation in different concentrates, %

Zn 51 53 50 – 65 S 32 33.6 32 – 35 Fe 8 1 – 9

SiO2 4 0.05 – 4 Cu 1.5 0.05 – 0.9 Pb 2 0.5 – 5.2 Cd 0.35 0.25 – 0.35 Cl 0.005 – 0.077 (50 –770 g/t) F 0.008 – 0.01 (80 – 100 g/t)

As 0.007 – 1 (70 – 10 000 g/t) Sb 0.0025 – 0.008 (25 – 80 g/t) Se < 0.0001 (< 1 g/t) Hg < 1 ppm in the acid

Mg, Ag, Co, Ni, Co – are not controlled Moisture - 8 – 9

Table 2.3-3

Fraction, (mkm) % (mass)

- 625

+465 +365 +250 +160

5 0 – 2

2.4

22 – 9

- 875

- 465 - 365 - 250- 160

+ 875 + 625

0 –0 –

6

0 –2 – 11 7 –52

2) Preliminary mate

rial f solid p

In a normal operational regime, the FB furnace will be fed by 12 500 kg/h oncentrates (dry mass) with the indicated in Table 1.2-1 will be received solid products (burnt blende and dust) for

rther processing in the “wet extraction” shop in the following amounts (average calculated

5 397 kg/h (50.02 %) - Dust from the cyclones 1 551 kg/h (14,38 %)

filter (DEF) ……… 609 kg/h (5.64 %)

froasting gases after the dry dust collection equipment will have a flow-rate of 3 00 mg/Nm3 dust (about 5 kg/h). With

solid products in the roasting will be

3

balance o roducts

(respectively 300 t/day) zinc ccomposition; as a result of that fubalance data):

- Burnt blende from the FB furnace overflow: 3 227 kg/h (29.91 %) - Dust from the waste-heat boiler (WHB):

- Dust from the dry electrical - Non-collected dust in the gases after DEF……….. 5 kg/h (0,05 %) Total of solid products: 10 789 kg/h (100,0 %)

The

25 988 Nm /h, containing 10.55 % vol. SO2 and about 2hese source data, the expected degree of extraction byt

99.95 % and by burnt blende – 86.3 %. 3) Dust-gas regime

In the next Table 2.3-4 are presented in a generalized form data for the dust-gas regime of the roasting-acid complex for the indicated average hourly loading of the FB furnace – 12 500 kg/h dry mass zinc concentrate, average supply of 24 761 Nm /h air for the roasting withaverage moisture 30g/Nm3.

Table 2.3-4

Flows – dry mass Gas volume Nm3/h

SO2 content vol. % (mg/Nm3)

Temperature ºC

Dust mg/Nm3 (kg/h)

At the entrance of the FB furnace (24 761- air) - 30 -

After the FB furnace 24 087 11.25 950 (7 562 kg/h) After the WHB 24 309 11.00 350 (2 165 kg/h) After the DEF 25 288 10.55 350 200 (5 kg/h) After the DCDA

stack)

31 638 < 0.01 mg/Nm3) 38 - system (gases in the (< 286

4) Processing the washing acid The washing acid that will be taken out of the system for wet purification of the roasting gases will amounts to about 5 m3/h, with an average concentration about 5 % H2SO4 (maximal – up to 10 % H2SO4). It will be sent to the currently operational WWTP of the

omplex (see further items 5.2.3 and 6.1.2).

5) Steam

ork of

ditionally clean water”; 33 m /h is water for process needs –

ting gases;

y for both shops is envisaged a common 100 tabo

C

produced in the WHB

The capacity of the WHB is 14.7 t/h of steam under pressure 40 at, which is reduced to the characteristics of steam for process needs (8 at) and enters the existing steam netwthe plant. 6) Consumption of water, electrical power, diesel fuel Using preliminary data may be indicated the following average values: - Industrial water: Total consumption is 885 m3/h, out of which amount 852 m3/h is cooling water, taken out as “con 3

out of which, 11 m3/h contaminated water go for treatment to the WWTP of the complex (see further item 6.1.2, fig.6.1-2). The consumption of drinking water practically will remain unchanged; - Electrical power: 2700 kWh/h, out of which 1400 kWh/h are for the roasting shop (FB furnace, WHB, compressors, preparation of feeding water) and about 1300 kWh/h for the sulphuric acid shop, including the system for wet purification of roas - Diesel fuel: maximal consumption 3 t/h, out of which 2 t/h for pre-heating the FB furnace before starting (heating during approximately 36 hours) and 1 t/h for heating the contact device. The maximal consumption of diesel fuel will be 100 tons, that is wh

on reservoir – about 70 tons for the roasting shop and ut 30 tons for the sulphuric acid shop.

2.3 on” shop is

he “wet extraction” shop is logical continu y introducing the so-called “cake. 2.3.3.1

The Invest ection “Extraction” of the Zinc

3

tial in terms of process and equipment are the envisaged changes that ill increase the producti

with zinc powder in two tandem gitators, recycling the cadmium cake obtained in the first stage of the collective

t anthogenate cobalt cake (in the

category of hazardous waste with difficult commerc e cu y a ogy ns f a cla che m he disti with a series of essential technological, ecological and health-hygien rits, th n

ot s tory f admixtures purificatio alt, nickel), what leads to electr traction pr quality of ode zinc

and th roch dices of cess; he pr s are at moderate temperatures (50-60ºC), at which the purification

of the solutions nickel is atisfactory, leading to the abovementioned negati sequences in the electrolysis.

.3. Modernization and enlargement of “wet extraction “shop

The Investment Proposal for enlargement and modernization of the “wet extracti based on a preliminary development of Asturiana de Zinc, and has the task to bring in

technological compliance the operations “extraction of the zinc burnt blende” and “purification of the zinc sulphate solutions” with the capacities and requirements of both new installations – the new roasting shop (see above item 2.3.2) and the new “electrolysis” shop (see further item 2.3.4). The modernization and enlargement of t

ation of the carried out in 2004-2005 reconstruction of the shop bjarosite” technology and commissioning the installation for stabilization of the jarosite

. Enlargements in section “extraction”

ment Proposal envisages an enlargement in the sPlant, which will include two new jarosite reactors, each with work volume 150 m (supply from Asturiana de Zinc), and one additional thickener ø 15 m. A new belt-type vacuum filter for the jarosite cake is envisaged (analogical to the currently operating), as well as a second line for stabilization of the jarosite cakes (also analogical to the now operational) – see further items 5.6 and 6.1.5. 2.3.3.2. Reconstruction in the section “purification of solutions” – purification of the

zinc sulphate solution and processing the cakes

More substanw on of the section “purification of the zinc sulphate solutions”. With the now employed technology, the purification of the zinc sulphate solutions is carried out as a continuous process in three consecutive stages: The first stage of the collective cementation purification from copper and cadmium by zinc powder, in which the obtained copper-cadmium cake is separated in a thickener, filtered under pressure in a camera-type filter (the so-called “Mano-filter)” and moved to section “cadmium” for extraction of the cadmium and forming ingots, as well as separation of copper cake as a commercial product. The second stage is fine purification from cadmiummechanical acopper-cadmium purification; The final stage is chemical purification of the solutions from cobalt by the reagenpotassium ethyl xanthate (C2H5OCS2.K) and separating x

ial realization). Th

ssical srrentl

me fropplied technolthe 50’ies of t

for purification of the solutio rom admixtures is past century. It

ic demenguishes

e more importa t being:

• Nworsened indices of the next

atisfac degree o n (cobical ex

roocess – the cath

e elect emicaled

in the p• T ocesse carri

from not sve con

• For the lt pu n is used mful fo ealth of th g staff, reagen tassi hyl xantha ing to t of n armful xanthogenate cakes – products that are difficult to realize for practical utilization.

By the IP is suggested total alteration of the schem lutions pu n, which wi realiz der a protected logy of Asturiana de Zinc, ying new basic equipm he proposed technology, a g to the presented Pre-Basic-Eng g of Asturiana de Zinc is given in Graphical Appendix No 4. It i des the wing ns and in

ent for the stage copper purification;

The neutral ZnSO solution is sent to section “purification”, where the concentrations s in the following electroextraction.

elow in Table 2.3-5 are presented the constituents of a ZnSO solution, before and after

purification

coba rificatio a toxic, har r the h e servicint (po um et te), lead obtainmen ot less h

e for so rificatiooll be ed un patent techno empl

ent. T equipment scheme of the ccordinineerin

alterationclu follo novations:

• Renovating the equipm• New process – the so-called “activated cobalt-nickel purification” (named also

“hot purification”); • Introducing a new stage of final cadmium purification; • Alterations in the stage of processing the obtained cementation precipitates (cakes)

for receiving two types of copper cakes for sale and a rich solution of cadmium sulphate for the following cadmium electrolysis.

4of admixtures are lowered, securing in this way best resultB 4purification according the proposed technology of Asturiana de Zinc. As comparison are given the contents of the constituents we are interested in, when applying the existing purification scheme, and the contents guaranteed by Asturiana de Zinc. The difference is substantial for admixtures as cadmium, nickel, arsenium and antimony. Copper purification In the suggested after the offer of Asturiana de Zinc IP, the technology of copper purification in principle remains analogous to the now performed in the shop copper-cadmium purification. The process of copper purification is carried out through cementation by zinc powder at temperature of 50-60ºC and is accomplished in the two existing agitators (311TA004 and 311TA005 – Graphical Appendix No 4) each with capacity 50 m3. The addition of zinc powder is accomplished by a dosimeter, which includes two oscillating feeders (311DS001 and 311DS002) and a small dust bunker (new equipment).

Table 2.3-5

Juxtaposition by basic components and admixtures of coming for purification solutions with ready for electroextraction purified zinc sulphate solutions.

Solutions after Current technology in LZC Norms under the Compo

nents Unit Solutions for purification Technological Factual technology of

norm concentration Asturiana de Zinc Zn g/l 135-145 155-175 ~160 135-145 Fe2+ mg/l < 10 < 40 ~ 20 < 10 Cu mg/l < 1000 < 0.1 ~ 0,04 < 0,01Cd mg/l < 700 < 4 ~ 1,5 < 1,0 Co mg/l < 25 < 0,8 0,3-0,4 < 0,3 Ni mg/l < 30 < 2,0 1,5-2,0 < 0,1 As mg/l < 0,25 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,005

Sb mg/l < 0,20 < 0,09 ~0,03 < 0,005 Ge mg/l <0,5 < 0,005 < 0,0035 < 0,003 Mg g/l < 15 < 4,0 3-4 < 15 Mn g/l 2-5 4-6 5-6 2-5 Cl mg/l < 250 < 200 ~ 150 < 250 F mg/l < 15 < 15 12-15 < 15 Te mg/l < 0,25 - (*) - (*) 0,005 Se mg/l < 0,25 - (*) - (*) 0,005

(*) Not controlled.

After copper purification, the solution is sent to the existing thickener (311TN001). The upper discharge from the thickener is mixed with a small amount of non-purified source

stage copper ions) and goes to activated ich contains the settled copper-cadmium

-antimonium mixer 311TA009

back into the solution. The process is accomplished in one of the existing agitators (311TA002) with capacity

50 m3, at temperature 70-75ºC, with addition of zinc powder by a dosimeter that is analogous to the already described ones – the belt oscillating feeder 311DS005 having a small bunker for zinc powder.

solution (in order to add the necessary for the nextcobalt-nickel purification. The lower discharge, whcake, is collected in an intermediary bucket (311TA003 –existing) for the next processing of the cakes (see further in the same item 2.3.3.2).

Activated cobalt-nickel purification (“hot purification”) The next stage of the so-called “activated cobalt-nickel purification” (or “hot cementation purification”) represents a new technology after the Know-How of Asturiana de Zinc. It will be carried out at temperature 80-85ºC and with an activating addition of potashium-antimonium tartarate – K(SbO).C4H406.0.5H2O in presence of Cu2+ ions (as copper sulphate). The process of hot purification is accomplished in four cascade-connected reactors, each with capacity 50 m3 (new equipment with designations from 311TA010 through 311TA013 - Graphical Appendix No 4). Before the “hot purification”, the solution goes for heating in the heat exchanger 311HE001, where the temperature is automatically maintained

ithin the range of 80-85ºC by controlled steam supply. The reagent potashiumwtartarate is prepared in the installation (new equipment), which includes the nd the dosing bucket 311BN004. The zinc powder is delivered by a dosimeter, consisting of a

two oscillating feeders (311DS003 and 311DS004) and a small bunker. The suspension produced by the “hot purification” is filtered in three filter presses to separate the cake (new equipment – 322FL001, 322FL002 and 322FL003). After leaving the filter presses, the solution is forwarded to final, fine cadmium purification, while the separated copper-cobalt-nickel cake is sent for processing (see further in the same item 2.3.3.2). In the activated cobalt-nickel purification, in parallel with the cementation of the cobalt and nickel, from the zinc sulphate solution are removed also to a high degree other existing admixtures as arsenium, germanium, thallium, tellurium. Closing fine cadmium purification In this closing purification stage, through cementation by zinc powder are removed the cadmium and other admixtures, which in the last reactor, or in the filter presses, may have

xidized and goneo

After the fine cadmium purification the suspension is filtered in two new filter presses 22FL004 and 322FL005), where is separated the cake containing cadmium sludge and the

xcess zinc powder. From the filter presses the cake is periodically washed away by water and TA003, from which is pumped back to the stage of the

opper purification in order to use the excessive zinc powder. After the filter presses, the

This process aims at extracting into a solution the cadmium and excess of zinc s way a copper-rich cake. The extraction is accomplished by

xhausted electrolyte. For this purpose, the collected in the intermediate bucket 311TA003 (see G

A008 (existing, with capacity m )

eration 8 to 10 hours), with acidity 10-50 g/l H2SO4 and at temperature of 55-60ºC.

obtained from the activated cobalt-nickel purification

nd lasts 2 hours, the final acidity being controlled to be

ting and

(3egoes to the collection bucket 320cfiltrate is a solution purified from admixtures. It is collected in the bucket 311TA006, from where is pumped towards the installation for gypsum purification. This installation includes two atmospheric cooling towers and a thickener, where with lowering of the temperature due to the cooling, deposit gypsum crystals (CaSO4.2H2O). The clear solution from the thickener (the upper discharge) is sent to the collectors for storing the purified zinc sulphate solution for the electrolysis. The thickened pulp of gypsum crystals (the lower discharge of the thickener) is sent towards the first reactor of the jarosite extraction stage.

Processing the cake from the copper purification

powder, obtaining in thie

raphical Appendix No 4) lower discharge from the copper purification thickener 311TN001, by a distributor is pumped towards the agitator 311T

350 , into which are poured the necessary for the process amounts of exhausted zinc electrolyte and exhausted cadmium electrolyte. This agitator works periodically (duration of the opAfter processing, the suspension is filtered and washed in the filter press 322FL006. The separated copper cake is again processed for 8 – 10 hours in the agitator 320TA004 by a solution of sulphuric acid at a temperature of 55-60ºC, until reaching final acidity 10-15 g/l H2SO4. Next follows filtration, washing and drying by air, which are carried out on the second filter press 322FL007; as a result is obtained a dewatered rich copper cake (content of copper above 60 %), which is collected in a container for testing and dispatching. Processing the cake The obtained from the “hot purification” copper-cobalt-nickel cake is processed in two agitators, each having capacity 20 m3 (320TA001 and 320TA002 – new equipment), with exhausted zinc electrolyte in order to dissolve the cadmium and the excess zinc powder. The process is carried out periodically aaround pH = 3, in this way avoiding the dissolution of cobalt and nickel contained in the cake. After processing, the suspension is filtered, washed and dried by air in the filter press 322FL008. Obtained is a poor of copper cake, which is collected in a container for tesdispatching. The filtrate is collected in the 50 m3 agitator 311TA001 (existing equipment), into which from a dosimeter is delivered zinc powder; at temperature 40-50ºC and continuous stirring, the cadmium is settling as the so-called “cadmium sponge”. The expected composition of the obtained copper-poor cake (Cu-Co-Ni cake) will be (in % of dry mass): 30-40 % Cu, 5-10% Co, 1-3 % Ni, 15-25 % Zn, 1-5 % Cd, 7-12 % Pb, 2-3 % S; moisture content 35-40%.

Processing the cadmium sponge

ent). The filtrate is collected in the bucket 320BN003 (existing

0ºC. After extraction, the suspension (final pH 4.8-5.0) is ltered in a new filter press 322FL010, from which the cadmium rich solution is sent into the

lysis. The solid filter residue is removed by water form the filter press and is sent back to the preceding stage of the copper-

ium g of the

rm. ium is

ccomp

ution, while the deposited cadmium is removed (stripped off) om th f melted dium

enlargement of the cadmium section will be preserved the rrent

nodes (lead with 1 % silver, and dimensions 1.05 x 0.61 m); gap

0 A/m2, the duration of the cycle being about 72 hours what will

es sufficient capacity and

pond a daily average of 630 kg/day cadmium ingots, or 645 g/day cathode cadmium.

The cadmium sponge suspension from the agitator 311TA001 is filtered in the filter press 322FL009 (new equipmequipment), from where is sent into the main collector of the section. The cadmium sponge is subjected to dissolution in two new agitators – 320TA005 and 320TA006, each with capacity 22 m2. The dissolution is carried out in a sulphur-acid solution with blowing through the solution air with temperature 40-5ficollection bucket 320BN004 for delivery to the cadmium electro

cobalt-nickel cake processing.

Electrolysis of cadmium

The project obligation of Asturiana de Zinc concerning section “purification of solutions” is up to the stage cadmium solution for electrolysis. By the Investment Proposal is envisaged enlargement of the section for cadmelectrolysis, which will be implemented under a separate project and by own financinfi With the currently acting technology, the electrical extraction of cadma lished in the so-called “exhaustion regime” – a cyclic process, with which the cadmium rich sulphate solution that results from dissolution of the cadmium sponge (80-90 g/l Cd) is subjected to electrolyse in a closed circulation cycle. The cycle of one operation lasts 3-4 days, after what the exhausted cadmium electrolyte is taken out and returned to the stage of cadmium sponge dissolfr e cathode bases and melted in electrical pot furnace under a protective layer oso hydroxide. In the envisaged by the IPcu ly applied electrolysis technology. Will be used tubs of reinforced concrete with lead sheet insulation, having work volume 1.8 m3, with 13 cathodes (aluminium sheets with dimensions 1.10 x 0.66 m) and 14 a

between electrodes 40 mm. The number of the electrolysis tubs will be increased from 14 to 24. The cathode density will remain up to 10lower the concentration of cadmium in the electrolyte from 80-90 g/l to about 20 g/l. The installation for melting the cathode cadmium possesswill remain unchanged – two electric pot furnaces with tonnage 800 kg each, one of them kept as reserve. It is envisaged to replace the hand pouring for the cadmium ingots with mechanized pouring (the weight of the ingots is 4 kg). The cast cadmium ingots are cooled and arranged on wooden pallets; the weight of the batch being about 1 ton. The duration of one casting is about 6 hours. It is envisaged that the annual capacity of the installation for electrolysis and melting will grow to about 230 t/y of cadmium ingots, respectively to about 235 t/y of cathode cadmium, to what will corresk

2.3.4. N

2.3.4.1 u

The ele ithe hydrom electrolysis shop of the L CThe pr efollowing s c (so-cal cid

n nd temperature conformed to

admixt

ate 234 tubs. ch having 18 tubs, or in aggregate 162 tubs.

tub is provided continuous circulation of the solution with speed within the range 35-38 l/min per tub. For this purpose, the exhausted electrolyte enters collector pipelines (of PVC) for warm electro s the foll on +3.5 m. = 100 m3 for cooled electro acid-resistan the anodes – from a lead-silver alloy (c

op, it became clear that the further functioning and development of the LZC A

ew electrolysis shop

. C rrent condition

ctr cal extraction of zinc from the neutral solutions of zinc sulphate is the last stage in etallurgical scheme of the zinc production, accomplished in the

Z AD’s Zinc Plant. oc ss of electrical extraction from sulphate water solutions is presented by the

ummary electrochemical reaction, in which on the cathodes is deposited metal zinled cathode zinc), on the anodes is emitted oxygen, and is regenerated sulphuric a

(so-called exhausted electrolyte): ZnSO4 + H2O = Zn0

(cathode) + ½O2 (anode) + H2SO4 (electrolyte)

With the currently applied electrolysis scheme, the neutral zinc sulphate solutioenters the electrolysis with determined chemical composition athe technological requirements. It is kept in three collectors – two with capacity of 100 m3

each, and one with capacity 350 m3. Before entering for electrolysis, the purified fromures neutral solution, having temperature 45ºC (after the central cooling), is mixed in

proportion 1:11 (up to 1:12) with exhausted electrolyte in mixing launders. The electrolysis of the so prepared zinc sulphate solution is accomplished in two independent series of tubs:

- First series with 13 cascades, each having 18 tubs, or in aggreg- Second series with 9 cascades, ea

In order to maintain constant concentration of zinc ions in the entire volume of the

lyte, and is sent into the circulation contour for cooling the electrolyte, which includeowing basic equipment:

3- Two collectors with V = 100 m for warm electrolyte, on elevatih V - Two cooling towers with a basin – pressure collector wit

lyte, on elevation +7.2 m. h Repanol insulation and The electrolysis tubs are of reinforced concrete wit

t bricks. The cathodes are made of aluminium sheets, ontent of silver 0.8-1.0 %). The cathode zinc is stripped off manually on special platforms having prongs with

openings for putting the cathodes. The grinding of the cathodes is carried out on a mechanical cathode-cleaning machine. The melting of the cathode zinc is carried out in two induction furnaces ITs 75; for pouring of the ingot metal is used a mechanized pouring machine. The electrolysis shop was commissioned in 1955 under a technology from the 50’es of the past century and now, regardless of the numerous current maintenance repairs, it is physically depreciated and obsolescence. After introducing in 2005 the jarosite technology in the “wet extraction” sh

D’s Zinc Plant imposes to continue the modernization of the production by designing and building a new roasting shop, new system for sulphuric acid and new electrolysis shop. The modernization and enlargement of the production by constructing a new electrolysis shop of the Zinc Plant will lead to:

- Raising the production capacity to 45 000 tons zinc ingots per year, respectively to 48 650 tons cathode zinc per year.

- Complete automation of the processes in the shop, what will lead to reduction of the operational expenses;

- Producing zinc ingot brand SHG Zinc (Special High Grade zinc) with purity 99.995 % Zn, what will raise the market level status of LZC AD.

- Reducing the power consumption with more than 100 kWh/t of zinc.

, respectively 1400 tons of zinc om the melting of the cathode zinc), the annual design capacity of the will amount to 48 650 tons of cathode zinc.

tem of 3 atmospheric cooling towers

stripping off the cathode zinc; ation, transfer and repair of the anodes;

ing the tubs and removing the MnO2 sludge; ng short circuits between the electrodes;

luminium cathode sheets

ion, ut requires precise operation of the dedicated crane when taking out and returning the

To each of the electrolysis tubs, through a transfer coil is delivered a permanent flow of zinc e process of electric extraction heated by heat. Once in 24 hours half of the cathodes are taken out of the tubs an e

- Removing the non-organized sulphur-acid emissions at the electrolysis of the zinc and their absorption neutralization in 3 new atmospheric cooling towers (ACT).

The financial securing of the investments for the new production shops and further servicing of the bank credits impose enlargement of the production up to 45 00 tons of zinc ingots per year. In order to cover the quantities of turnover zinc products, (about 5 %, respectively 2250 tons of zinc powder per year, and about 3 %in the zinc dross frelectrolysis” shop“

2.3.4.2. Description and characteristic of main process units in the new electrolysis shop

The new electrolysis shop will be constructed under a project development (on this

stage – Preliminary Basic Engineering) of the Spanish company Asturiana de Zinc. The principle equipment scheme is presented in Graphical Appendix No 5. According to the concluded contract, the development includes the following systems:

• Series of 30 electrolysis tubs; • System for electrolyte circulation and sys

(ACT’s); • Ventilation system; • Automated system for transfer of the cathodes and• System for prepar• System for clean• System for findi• Automation and a computer programme for operation of the dedicated crane; • System for adding reagents (strontium carbonate).

The new electrolysis shop includes 30 electrolysis tubs, arranged in a row and connected in tandem within an electric circuit (see Graphical Appendix No 5). A system of collecting buses connects the tubs with the power supply from a current rectifier, which will be situated on one of the shop’s sides. Each of the tubs contain 110 a(so-called ”cathode bases”, each with surface of 3.4 m2, firmly fixed to a carrying and power supply copper strip as well as 111 lead-silver anode sheets (rolled; lead with 0.5 % silver), also with welded to them power supply strip. The gap between the strips of two neighbouring electrodes in the tub is minimal – exactly 1.55 mm. This leads to reduced power consumptbcathodes and anodes.

-sulphur-acid electrolyte with controlled temperature. During thfrom the electrolyte is taken away a portion of the zinc, what makes the latter to be the produced Joule

d r placed by cleaned cathode sheets.

The obtained zinc deposits on the cathodes (so-called cathode zinc) are stripped off the cathode bases by a dedicated automated machine (so-called stripping machine) t towards the section for melting in inductive furnaces and casting

aluminiumand are sen of metal ingots. Periodi ll e and smoothing – approximately once in 21-25 days. The removal of the sludge settled on the bottom

nd permanent by means of a fixed he length. The copper equipotent

cathodes quipotent buses rest on highly sistan re variations polymer.

trolyte, which distributes , located at the

ent to guarantee unobstructed settling of e form

h the tubs;

ca y, the anodes are taken out of the tubs for cleaning from the MnO2 sludg

of the electrolysis tubs is made also periodically – every 21 to 25 days, by means of a vacuum system.

Availability of special equipment and respective operational instructions allow to carry out all operations in the tubs and the maintenance procedures without interrupting the circulation flow in the tubs, or interrupting the zinc production. Each of the consecutive basic process stages in the electrolysis shop will be arranged in a way to support a continuous regime of operation with high technical-economical indices of the 30 electrolysis tub, purposed to produce cathode zinc.

Electrolysis tubs

In the prepared technological variant of Asturiana de Zinc, the zinc is taken out of the electrolyte by electric extraction and deposited on the aluminium cathode bases with effective working surface 3.4 m2. The cathode sheets are equipped with limiting strips along their edges, which are closely stuck to them by application of a special binding material, what facilitates the stripping of the zinc.

The electrolytic tubs are arranged in an electrical circuit of 30 connected in tandem tubs. The circuit is served by rectifiers, situated at one side of the shop, and a system of collecting current-conducting busses. The tubs are connected in tandem, while the anode-cathode system in each tub is connected in parallel. The tubs are electrically insulated and completely waterproof. The lateral walls of the tubs with V-shaped bottom are made of connected to each other T-shape reinforced concrete elements. The main dimensions of the T-shape element are:

- Length 19.92 m; - Width 1.25 m; - Height 2.92 m.

The electrode strips are precisely situated on the so-called “equipotent buses” so that the gap of 90 mm between the electrodes is guaranteed to be equal apoint in the centre of the tub and guides directing along tbuses, in addition to their support of the electrodes, serve for transfer of current from the

of one tub to the anodes of the neighbouring tub. The ere t to mechanical shocks and temperatu The tubs are equipped with a system for supplying elecevenly the flow trough the middle of the tub by means of two flexible pipesbeginning of each tub. The depth of the tubs is sufficith ed solid particles (MnO2 sludge) on the bottom of the tubs, under the electrodes. System for circulation and cooling the electrolyte

According to IP, the transfer coil will provide: - Adding purified and rich with zinc electrolyte (purified solution) from the “wet

extraction” shop; Continuous and uniform electrolyte flow throug-

- Controlling the temperature regime of the electrolyte by circulation it through the atmospheric cooling towers (ACT’s) in order to take away the heat generated by the electrolysis process in the tubs;

- Returning the exhausted electrolyte into the cycle “extraction” of zinc burnt blende.

The system for circulation and cooling the electrolyte includes pumps with permanent and variable flow rate, launders, overflows, cooling towers, collectors (reservoirs) and control censors. In addition of cooling the electrolyte, the atmospheric cooling towers (3 ACT’s –

21CT003 - Graphical Appendix No 5) provide also exchange of about 300 000 m3/h air).

is process depends on the cathode density of the current 2

o the IP will be constructed three new atmospheric cooling towers (ACT)

with sprinkling nozzles; Complete fan system for the ACT;

Instruments for vibration control for each of the ventilation systems;

pending on layer thickness.

items 421CT001, 421CT002 and 4entilation of the “electrolysis” shop (v

The purified solution, by means of the centrifugal pump 410PP014 (and the second reserve pump 410PP015) is pumped towards the overflow launder of the cooling towers, where is added the necessary amount of the reagent – strontium carbonate suspension. The cooled electrolyte from the ACT is combined in the collection launder with the neutral solution coming from the “purification”, and enters in the pressure bucket for feeding the tubs (item 411BN001). From the pressure bucket, situated in the central part of the shop, the electrolyte is evenly distributed into 30 electrolysis tubs, runs out of their overflows and is collected in the collection circulation bucket 410BN001. From the collection bucket, the main portion of electrolyte is sent for recycling towards the ACT’s by pumps 410PP001, 410PP002 and 410PP003, while the other part, with flow-rate equal to the flow-rate of the entering from the “purification” solutions, is returned back by pumps 410PP004 and 410PP005 to the stage “neutral extraction” of the zinc burnt blende. The temperature of the electrolyte at the entrance in the tub is within the limits 32-33ºC. Its raise during the electrolys(Dk, A/m ). ccording tA– two working, and one stand-by, with overall dimension 8x4 x8 t each of them. The walls of the ACT and the ventilation shaft are made of fibreglass panels with vinyl ester resin anticorrosion coating and fireproof polyester resin coating. All internal parts and components in contact with the electrolyte will be also with anticorrosion protection. The pipe for distributing the electrolyte and the sprinkling nozzles will be of polypropylene. The nozzles are with special design (type “piggy tail”), which does not allow plugging. The spraying of each nozzle will form a full cone with 120º at the vertex. Each ACT has the following additional equipment:

- Piping system for the delivered electrolyte, with delivery pumps and regulating accessories, distributing pipe

- - Device for catching the fog (demister)

- - Control board (common for all three ACT).

Each ACT is equipped with a device to catch the mist (demister), which is installed in the upper part of the tower in order to lower the emissions of acid mist in the airflow leaving the cooling tower down to admissible concentrations. Envisaged are demisting blocks of the type AISI316L. They are produced from polyethylene, while the sheets are from polypropylene. The blocks will be cassette type, with easy assembling and disassembling for cleaning and maintenance. They will be arranged in three layers, the distance between the sheets of the packs varying de

The ACT’s of the system for evaporation cooling are an essential element for the efficient operation of the new installations. In parallel with securing exchange ventilation for the new electrolysis shop, their basic purpose is to control the water balance within the entire hydrometallurgical cycle, having the possibility to enter the necessary amounts of water for proper washing of the jarosite cake, for reducing the water-soluble zinc, and achieving low residual content of zinc in the waste for storing; this will guarantee total degree of zinc

f the atmospheric towers

TC’s osits. In principle, each tower eeds c o the experience of Asturiana de Zinc. The

system h a way, that the cleaning of the cooling towers ted, ACT’s are also a part of the sanitary-hygien is” shop.

e cleaning and neutralization of

required to clean one ATC, its recirculation ump is connected with the reservoir for water cleaning 410TA002, and the water is

or pipes on the overflow side of the tubs are with an increased

amet

gypsum

e serves the row of 30 electrolysis tubs in taking out, anspo

sportation operations with the operational regime of the stripping machine. he servicing of the 30 tubs, each with 110 cathodes, will correspond with these critical

considerations in the design.

extraction 95-96 %. The average daily capacity of the ACT’s (two operating and one standby), according to data of Asturiana de Zinc, amounts to 264 m3/day.

Cleaning o

cleaned from crystallized depA have to be periodically n leaning every 21 to 25 days, according t

of Asturiana de Zinc is developed in sucrequires less labour hand. As it was indica

ic ventilation system of the “electrolysThe cooling circuits (one cooling tower, piping and one pump) are included into an

independent circuit with forced circulation, what facilitates ththe cooling towers, piping and pumps. When is pcirculating for about 24 hours (see Graphical Appendix No 5). After cleaning, the water contains dissolved zinc from the sulphate deposits, and by pump 410PP006 is sent into the cycle of “extraction”. During the cleaning of one cooling tower, the flow of electrolyte is redirected to the other two towers.

Servicing the tubs

Due to temperature drops in the tub-feeding lines, there is a trend for crystallization of electrolyte on the walls of the feeding system (mainly gypsum crystals- CaSO2.2H2O). Fthis reason, the collecting di er, and the connections between the overflow vessel and the main overflow pipe are two flexible pipes.

In this way, the maintenance of this piping system is minimal, owing to the small amount of deposited crystals, in comparison with the one of the feeding circuit. Cleaning the

deposits from the collection pipes will be carried out once per two years by opening of a blind flange at the one end of the pipe and washing with water under high pressure to remove all hard particles or crystals.

Automatic crane for operations with the electrodes (cathodes and anodes)

A dedicated bridge cran

tr rtation to where is necessary, and replacing cathodes and anodes into the tubs. The basic purpose of the crane (about 8 hours per day operating time) is to transport the cathodes to and from the stripping machine, which will be located at the one end of the electrolysis tub row. The crane is automatically controlled by a computer programme, which will coordinate time-wise the tranT

The secondary functions of the dedicated crane will include transportation of the nodes to and from the machine for cleaning and smoothing the anodes, which is situated in

anning for establishing short circuits between adjacent athode and anodes, as well as other activities on periodical maintenance of the tubs. It is

he IP envisages supply and installation of a patented stripping machine of Asturiana de Zinc, ing off the cathode zinc. The time

of ach tu

re replaced by clean ones; ift, the crane moves the first batch of cathodes to the

ntering conveyor of the stripping machine. After that, the crane moves the spare stock of lean c

ycle time the possible minimum. Another character feature of the system is that the attached to the

r under pressure, while positioned a pan for

rainin

athe other end of the tub row; thermal sccenvisaged to process anodes mainly during the second day shift, not allowing superposition of both activities during the first shift. The crane is fully automated, its positioning and guiding being accomplished by a DCS controller. The positioning of the bracket (the harrow) is automatic, but will allow also a semiautomatic operational regime. Usually the crane works without the presence of an operator.

Main characteristics of the dedicated bridge crane are: • Load capacity – 12 t;

• Distance between centre lines – 13 m; • Maximal travelling speed – 150 m/min; • Maximal lifting speed – 8 m/min; • Control – remote, fully automatic (by the computer programme AdZ Master PLC).

Removing (stripping off) the cathode zinc Twhich will carry out every-day completely automatic stripp

r electric depositing of zinc on the cathodes will be 48 hours (two days), taking out fromfoe b simultaneously a half of the cathodes. The removing of the cathodes and the stripping of the zinc from them are accomplished under a preliminary selected from the control room operational programme. The sequence of the stripping off is the following:

- In the first day of the two-day cycle, 55 cathodes with odd numbers are stripped off and replaced by cleaned ones in all tubs; - In the second day of the cycle, the remaining cathodes – those with even numbers, a- At the beginning of the shec athodes from the exit conveyor of the cathode machine, returning them to the tubs. The process is repeated for all tandem tubs in the row.

The system is completely automated and computerized, what shortens the ctocrane nozzles, wash the contact surfaces of the cathode busses by wate

e crane is lifting the cathodes. Under the cathodes automatically isthd g away the waste water before the cathodes are moved into the stripping zone. The operator of the stripping machine inspects the cathodes visually, and if necessary, replaces them with new or cleaned ones. Will be used cathode sheets supplied by Asturiana de Zinc, the dimensions and design of which are protected by a patent of the company. The stripping machine first makes partial bilateral removal of the of cathode zinc sheet by a horizontal blade; after that follows complete vertical stripping by a vertical blade. This technology reduces to minimum the wear of the cathodes.

System for preparation of the anodes It is envisaged that while the machine is stripping the cathode zinc from a batch of cathodes, the crane will have sufficient time to move the anodes from a serviced electrolysis tub towards the so-called “Device for smoothening and cleaning of anodes” (AFCM – supply from Asturiana de Zinc). This device will be installed at the end of the shop, opposite the stripping machine. At the same time are transported ⅓ of the anodes from one tub. Anodes that will be processed are put on a transport platform, which will move them through the AFCM. Each anode is lifted twice in the cleaning device – first to be dried (by brushes), and

over by a high-pressure water stream; this removes the deposits before ubjecting the anode to smoothening. Once the anodes are cleaned and smoothed, they may be

returne

rcuits between adjacent electrodes by scanning the tubs for hot oints. The crane is positioned above each of the tubs and is made thermo-graphic mapping,

computer. The information is delivered to the Head of the shift to ke efficient decisions. After appropriate training, the introduction of this system provides a

current

op. The system of current-

for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC-system) the “el rby a c rsuction rflowingmist in e e admissible norms e ue 11/1994, states

then, to be poureds

d for using. This process is repeated for each batch of anodes. The water and the removed from anodes MnO2 sludge are sent to a classifier, where solid sludge particles are separated from the liquid phase – the liquid returns to the reservoir of the AFCM to participate in the turnover, while the sludge particles are deviated to a container. It is envisaged to carry out the operations of smoothening and cleaning the anodes in 21-25 day cycles. System for establishing short circuits between electrodes

It is envisaged during the third work shift of the “electrolysis” shop to use a system for infrared finding of short cipwhich is memorized in theta

methodology for guaranteeing best performance of the electrolysis tubs. System for electrical power supply

The electric substation, the control centre and the equipment for power distribution will satisfy all electrical requirements in the “electrolysis” shcarrying buses fed by the rectifier will supply direct current to the electrolysis tubs. System

Except to control the temperature of the electrolyte, ACT’s will provide ventilation of ect olysis” shop, what will limit the rate of the acid mist. The rows of tubs are served ent al air-escape hole in the ceiling of the shop, from which the ACT’s ventilators ai through a raised-pressure chamber. The pipes in the tub provide a path for the air towards the central corridor between the tub rows. This guarantees a rate of the acid

3 th normal work zones below 0,5 mg/m , which is considerably below th(R gulation No 13 of 24.06.1992, amended and supplemented – SG, issthat for aerosols of sulphuric acid, the MAC av. shift = 1.0 mg/m3). The demisters

installed in each ACT guarantee that the emissions into the environment will not exceed the established rates.

Automation and control of the processes The “electrolysis” shop will be a completely automated installation. By means of a modern Distributed Control System (further named DCS), the main data for the electrolysis

subordinated PLC’s in controlling separate parts of the

interventio Adding

electro(consumptsuppliereagentoverflow b ening 421DS001, from which the suspension is continufrom the d e bucket for preparation of the suspension. The

e SrCO3 additive depends on the content of lead in the electrolyte. This value will rams SrCO3 have to be added

elting the cathod

f the existing melting section of the Zinc Plant are not envis lting capacities (two induction furnaces, completed with icient t arantee the processing of the increa t/24h – e the fo 1.2.-5). Not c llation for obtaining zinc powder – about 6.2 t/24h (with average consumAs a version for a later stage is envisaged the building of a new comple e furnace for melting of cathode zinc with capacity of the tub 6 t me zinc, wh ompleted with:

- Sys ading the furnace, conformed to e overall s of the cathode zinc sheets;

) with launders for delivering the m lted zinc from the from the mixer to the pot of the furnace;

stem for supplying me zinc to the arranging the z

delivery of fluxes into the furnace ia chlori

saged inductive furnaces are within the range of the BAT – BREF Code NFM, item 5.1.8, item 2.6.5, Table 2.7, as well as of BREF Code SF, item 2.4.3.2.1, because they are a conventional, widely used equ ith neg ble impact on the en

process will be recorded, controlled and processed, as well as operational data from the remaining equipment in the shop. The statistical control of the process provides data for the efficiency of each separate tub, as well as for the whole system of tubs in the shop. The DCS controller interacts with theequipment, in order to prepare a schedule and coordinate all operations within the frames of the shop. This system guarantees maximal productivity of each process without operator’s

n.

reagents

According to the Asturiana de Zinc technology, the addition of reagents during the lysis process will be limited. Normal practice is to add strontium carbonate only

ion 0.4-1.0 kg SrCO3 per 1 ton produced zinc). The strontium carbonate usually is bags, and is deliveredd in manually into a bucket with a stirrer in order to mix the

(item 410TA001 - Graphical Appendix No 5). The suspension is pumped out into the ox (distributor) with calibrated op

ously flowing out into the circulating toward the tubs electrolyte. The excess solution istributor is returned back to th

amount of thbe given by the laboratory and will determine how many kilogfor a ton of produced zinc. M e zinc

In this stage, alterations oaged. The existing in the shop mebelt pouring machines for zinc ingots) are suffsed daily amounts of cathode zinc (up to 133

o gu se llowing Table

hanged remains also the atomising instaption 50 kg for 1 ton of zinc ingots).

te inductivlted ich to be c

tem for lo th dimension

- Furnace-mixer (reservoir emelting furnace to the mixer and

- Automated pouring machine with a sy ltedpouring machine and a system for inc ingots;

- Dosimeter for (ammon de).

The existing and the envi

ipment, w ligivironment.

2.3.4.3. Generalized parameters and indices of the electrolysis installation of the electrolysis proc n the new “electrolysis” shop are com ilt on a new astwards o e currently opera l built-up area o The m significant advan for zinc ele sis may be marized in the fo racteristics:

ement of the equipm efficient location of the complete mechanization and high degree of automation

s; r control of the electrode extracting and processing

odes for eaning); mperature monitoring of busses, contacts and electrolyte;

cessary geometry of the electrodes, low resistance and quality surface by working safely and with precision in putting the

thode bases and lead anodes; full cleaning in service life;

f the “electr p, ides perfect

TableGenerain the c

The generalized parameters and indices pared below in Table 2.3-6.

ess i

The new “electrolysis” shop will be bu site, e f thting electrolysis shop, with tota f 4560 m2. ore tages of the Asturiana de Zinc technology llowing cha

ctroly sum

• Properly integrated arrang with

en ndt a“electrolysis” shop,of the process operation

• Automatic crane with compute(cathodes for stripping off and cleaning, an

• Tecl

• Maintaining the necovering of the cathodeelectrodes in the tubs;

• Careful work with the aluminium caorder to achieve long

• Properly designed ventilation o oly hosis” s what provwork environment in the shop.

2.3-6 lized parameters and indices of the electrolysis process onditions of the LZC AD’s Zinc Plant

Parameters and indices Unit Value

D t/24h 123.3 esign capacity in zinc ingots t/y 45 000

Productivity in terms of cathode zinc t/y 48 650 Purity SHG Zinc (

of the zinc ingot product – brand Special High Grade Zinc) % > 99.995 %

C003

ontent of admixtures (not more than in %) lead % max 0.cadmium iron tin copper

% % % %

max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003

aluminium % max 0.003

Operating density of the current A/m2 450 Maxi of the current A/m 500 mum design density 2

Design coefficient of electrical current utilization % 92 Specific consumption of electrical energy КWh/t Zn 3050 Cathodes in one tub number 110 Space between the cathodes mm 90 Work surface of the cathodes m2 3,4 Duration of the cathode period hours 48 Rows of electrolysis tubs in tandem number 1 Tubs in a row number 30 Total tubs number 30

Parameters and indices Unit Value Volume of solution in one tub m /h 33 3

Content of zinc in the liable to electroextraction purified solution

Zn, g /l 145

Content of zinc in the exhausted electrolyte Zn, g/l 50 Acidity of the exhausted electrolyte H2SO4 , g/l 170 Average flow-rate of the supplied into one tub electrolyte

m3/h 33

Number of stripping machines number 1 Time needed to strip one cathode sеc 10 Stripped cathodes per day number 1650 Machines for cleaning anodes number 1 Time of the cycle for cleaning anodes days from 21 to 25 Time ed to process the anodes (min/max for 1 a

neednode) sec 30 / 50

Clean number 155 ed anodes per day Cranes for servicing the tubs number 1 Atmospheric cooling towers number 3 Capacity of the electrolysis installation Working days in the year days 365 Effective working time fund hours/year 8760 Average productivity of one tub per day t/24h 4.44 Average daily production of cathode zinc t/24h 133.28 Average annual production of cathode zinc t/y 48 650 • High electrical and energy efficiency of the technology, achieved by:

- Precision positioning of the electrodes; Efficient detecting and removal of - short circuits between cathodes and anodes in

is tubs; hing o f n the ;

informa on sys rranging in order of importance the activities ding of e tubs

ting of metal upon the cathode bases and achieve equal ted on them e electrolysis z

igh quality of the electrolysis zinc – 9.99 % Zn); zed system for co f the process entire “elec shop tes the systems related to the work, thus avoiding violations of the

al process and pr g the needed ivity of the e t; utomatio d reliability o e technological cess of project will reduce to minim the number o y for

-hours as wel e exposure of workers to potentially hazardous s.

proven the experience of leading operators in the branch as Asturiana de Zinc –

ain (

the electrolys- Individual weig

n if the separate cathelectrol process

od enes for detecting ev tual inefficiency otheir operatio ysis

tem for a- Incorporated a

tithrelated to lo ;

- Uniform deposiposi

ment of weight of de

ing h by th inc.

- Achiev SHG (9 in the- Centrali

inantr l oo trol sis”y

coordtechnologic ovidin

n anpr ctodu

f thqu enipm

pro- High degree of aa Zinc’sAsturian de n

um f necessarservicing mawork condition

l as th

The accenpractice , based on

tuated advantages will be achieved in LZC AD by introducings

Sp annual capacity over 400 000 tons of zinc).

2.3.5. Capacity of the installations.

to cover the additional amounts of 3650 t/y zinc used as turnover

or process needs – about 5 % of the produced zinc ingots, or 2250

• ross, obtained in the melting of the cathode zinc – about 3 % of

ingots, the capacity of the installa n 00 t/y technical sulphuric acid (98.5 % H2SO4) e juxtaposed data for the capacities of the installations in term ncentrates), obtained intermediate products (zinc burnt blende,

Production capacity */

In the offered IP for modernization and enlargement of the basic production units of the LZC AD’s Zinc Plant is laid down production capacity of the installation amounting to 45 000 tons of zinc ingots per year, respectively of up to 124 t/24h zinc. In respect of the now permitted capacity of the installation (according to condition No 4 of CP No 124/2006), amounting to 32 000 t/y, the future production will rise with about 40 %. The argumentation of the need to increase the capacity of the future production has been made above.

With the so planned capacity of 45 000 t/y, the installation has to produce 48 650 t/y cathode zinc in orderproducts, namely:

• Zinc powder ft/y. Zinc in the zinc dthe produced zinc ingots, or 1400 t/y.

ith the laid down production target of 45 000 t/y zincWunt to 101 0tio for sulphuric acid will amo

, respectively, 277t/24h. In the following Table 2.3-7 ars of processed raw materials (co cathode zinc), and final products (zinc ingots and sulphuric acid).

Table 2.3-7 Capacities of the installations in terms of basic raw materials, intermediate, and final products – figures based on 45 000t/y zinc ingots.

Raw materials, i y Average per year ntermediate, and Average per hour Average per da

final products t/h t/24/h t/y 1. Raw mat erials: **/ Zinc concentrates 10,9 260,3 95 000 2. Intermediate products: Zinc bur 9,5 227,4 83 000 nt blende Cathode zinc 5,55 133,3 48 650 3. Final products: Zin 45 000 c ingots 5,1 123,3 Ca 250 dmium ingots 0,03 0,7 Te chnical sulphuric acid: 98 277 101 000 ,5 % assay H2SO4 11,5 93,0 % assay H2SO4 12,2 293 107 000

*/ Efficient the year, 24 hours day); **/ In %

ain units, based on design practice, are over-dimens 2.7 capacities, with a view to have a determ or the FB furnace the design capacity is 12.5 t/h ee above item 2.3.2.8). This is necessary due to nt planned outages of the equipment (so-called POE) or unplanned stoppages.

f r year (365 days in dry mass.

und of working time 8760 hours pe

The design capacities of the mioned in respect of the above indicated in Table 3.ined, technologically justified reserve, e.g. f

ate (s, or 300 t/24h processed zinc concentrthe compulsory from designer’s viewpoi

2.4. Us

ents of the exiting ones will be situated in the current dices No 1), will use the existing commu infrastructure. A classica nforced concrete founda nel-type façades and “sandwich” glazing equirements to areas envisaged for the newly l rning the damp-proof insulations for stable

sed in the construction of the b

of and/or acid-proof insulations;

Heat-insulating roof panels; - Construction bricks;

ors and windows.

- Reinforced concrete foundations; e floors with damp-proof insulation;

- Steel load-bearing structures and sheet metal roof with steel load-bearing beams

at insulation;

• Object “Reconstruction of ‘wet extraction’ shop” (enlargement with one axis

ed construction methods

The new installations and enlargemly operating production site (see Graphical Appennication connections, points and routs for attaching to the Complex’s

ation pits, reil industrial construction is envisaged – excavnforced building structures with pation, metal and rei

, zenith lighting on the roof. The additional rui t or restructured surface areas are conceb

chemical protection. he basic construction materials and elements, which will be uT

uildings will be:

- Cement, sand and gravel for preparation of reinforced concrete for foundations, sites and floors;

- Damp-pro- Reinforced concrete or metal load-bearing structures; - Profile sheet metal with PVC insulation; -

- Metal do

In the construction of the buildings will be applied methods of the classical industrial construction – foundation pits, casting foundations and concrete floors with damp-proof insulation, metal load-bearing structures, standard panels for walls and roofs elements, metal doors and windows. Particularly, for separate objects liable to reconstruction and modernization, will be applied the following construction elements:

• Object “Roasting shop” – combined structure:

- Reinforced concret

and trusses; - Buildings for the gas blowing section and the waste-heat boiler - monolithic

load- bearing structure (reinforced concrete and bricks) and monolithic roof with he

• Object “Installation for production of sulphuric acid” (situated at elevation ± 0): - Reinforced concrete foundations; - Mixed bearing structures (reinforced concrete and steel); - Reinforced concrete sites;

- Acid-proof insulation of structures and sites.

northwards) – mixed structure; - Reinforced concrete foundations and floorings; - Steel load-bearing structures and sites above elevation ± 0; - Lightened panel-type walls; - Acid-proof insulation of structures and sites.

• Object “Electrolysis shop” – main body: - Reinforced concrete foundations;

- Reinforced concrete load-bearing structure for the tubs (tubs- reinforced concrete with acid-proof insulation);

- Steel roof beams, steel trusses; ures and sites.

During the construction works is not envisaged direct use of natural resources, except ctive amounts of standard construction materials (concrete, mortar, bricks, ron bars, metal structures, and others) as well as certain damp- and heat-

installations is envisaged to use the same natural resources as those that are used for the current zinc produc e changed as follows: Zin

zinc with ical comp on as per the 00 vely .3 t/24 da erage. Acc hieve zin tion in t tal ingot production not less than 95 %. The utilizatio ur f process entrate,

hnical sulphuric acid – 98.5 % H2SO4) will correspond to hest achievements in the branch – over 99.5 % extraction into a commercial product.

the new production facilities, the consumption of water will

Industrial water for both new shops – the “roasting” and “sulphuric acid” in

).

- Acid-proof insulation of struct

• Object “Electrolysis shop” – building of the current rectification: - Reinforced concrete foundations and structure; - Brick walls; - Monolithic roof with heat insulation.

2.5 Used natural resources during the construction and operation

of the respereinforcing iinsulation materials.

During operation of the tion, but the amounts will b

c concentrates The annual average of processed

data in Table 2.3-2 will amount to 95 0ding to the IP is envisaged to ac

conce tratesn c emh ositi tons, respecti a degree of

, to 260c extrac

ily ave meor h

ed concn of the sulph rom theobtaining a commercial product (tecthe hig Water for technological needs

According to the IP (balance data from the Pre-Basic Engineering of Outokumpu Technology and Asturiana de Zinc) the expected total daily average of water for industrial needs comes up to 21 367 m3/day. Distributed bybe as follows:

•aggregate will amount to 885 m3/h (respectively, an average of 21 240 m3/day), from which amount 852 m3/h is cooling water, which is considered as “conditionally clean water” and 33 m3/h for process needs;

• The average daily consumption of industrial water by “electrolysis” shop will be 127m3/day.

On the grounds of the adduced data, the annual average consumption of industrial water will amount to about 7 799 000 m3/y; compared with the annual consumption of industrial water in the current zinc production, which is 9 917 825 m3/y (see further in item 6.2), may be expected essential reduction of the water consumption due to the new technologies, regardless of the increased by about 40 % capacity of the zinc production – 45 000 t/y of zinc ingots.

The consumption of water for sanitary-hygienic needs practically will remain unchanged, compared to the current production (about 65 000 m3, respectively, an average daily of 178 m3/24h

Electri l power for technological needs

of 6000 V. According to prelimhour-aveannual av sumption of electrical energy will be 195 596 000 kWh/y, or about 4300 kWh/t zinc ingots (for 45 000 t annual production of zinc ingots). In the following Table

IP. Table

As indirect natural resources used in the operation of the new objects may be indicated:

ca

LZC AD is fed by electricity from a 35MW transformer, which provides high voltage

inary data from the IP (see further item 6.2), the aggregate rage consumption of electrical energy will be 22 100 kWh/h, respectively, the total erage con

of2.5-1 are put together data for the consumption of electrical energy by the main objects of the

2.5-1 Expected distribution of electrical energy consumption between the three object of LZC AD’s zinc production modernization

Consumption of electrical energy Subjects of the Zinc Plant

modernization kWh/y kWh/t Zn

Distribution, %

1. New roasting shop 12 322 550 271 6.3 2. New shop for sulphuric acid 11 540 160 254 5.9 3. Reconstruction of the shop for wet

extraction; new electrolysis shop

171 733 290

3 775

87.8 Total for all objects 195 596 000 4 300 100.0

Fuels

l stripping of the cathode zinc, in which activity now are engaged every

The introduction of automated systems for control of the technological processes in the roasting of the zinc concentrates, the purification of the roasting gases, and the system for production of sulphuric acid, are good prerequisites for envisaging in the IP modern control centres for the servicing staff. In this way, the risky places are practically excluded. The main activities with the equipment are brought to prophylactic inspections and repairs, which will be carried out when aggregates and equipment are switched out.

For extraordinary cases, presuming risk of accidents, LZC AD has a developed and coordinated with the competent organs plan for conducting rescue and urgent emergency-recovering works.

According to the IP, fuel will be used for pre-heating of the FB furnace and the contact device of the system for sulphuric acid at their starting. For the preheating will be used low-sulphur diesel fuel (see further item 6.3). Envisaged are about 100 tons of diesel fuel for starting pre-heating, from which amount 70 tons are for the FB furnace and 30 tons for the contact device of the system for sulphuric acid.

2.6. Social impact, risky work places, securing healthy and safe labour conditions

According to the IP, the social impact of the new objects is expressed mainly in

provision of improved conditions for healthy and safe labour and better prerequisites for restricting the negative impacts on the environmental components. This concerns before all abolition of the manuaday about 15-20 workers, who work in very unhealthy conditions.

In this plan are described and regulated the necessary actions in case critical situations arise, or there are direct risks for rising of emergency situations in the Zinc Plant. It will be respectively updated after the commissioning of the new objects.

3. Location alternatives (with sketches and coordinates of significant points in the

established for the country coordinate system) and/or alternatives for the proposed by the contracting authority technologies as well as the motives for the made selection, considering the impact on the environment, including the “zero alternative”

3.1. Plan, maps, showing the boundaries of the investment proposal and providing

information about the physical, natural and anthropogenetic characteristics The production activity of LZC AD is accomplished on an industrial site with total

surface area of 326 230 m2, which is outside regulation and is a property of the Company (Title Deed for ownership of an immovable property No 12/1998). On the same site will be realized also the new installations and enlargements of the Zinc Plant. The situation of the LZC AD’s site is shown above in item 2 of the map in figure 2.2-1 (scale 1:25 000), while in figure 2.2-2 is presented a situational scheme of the LZC AD’s site with the positions of the building fund of both basic and auxiliary production facilities. The location of surfaces, which will be affected by the offered Investment Proposal (IP) for new installations and production enlargements are also indicated. The exact location and the occupied by the new objects surfaces are presented with a partial master plan of LZC AD in Graphical Appendices No 1 and 1.A, while in the next figures 3.1-1, 3.1-2 and 3.1-3 are presented situational plans of the new shops and the envisaged enlargements of the currently operating production sections of the Zinc Plant, as they are according to the Pre-Basic Engineering of Outokumpu Technology and Asturiana de Zinc, carried out for LZC AD – Kardjali.

The region of LZC AD occupies a plain territory northwards of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”. On the south the site borders the railway line Kardjali-Haskovo, and on the north - the third-class road Kardjali-Haskovo. At about 2 km to the east of the LZC is situated the production site of “Bentonit” AD. As seen from the enclosed map of the area of the considered object (see above fig. 2.2-1), near the sanitary-hygienic zone of the Complex is the eastern part of Kardjali town. As regards the requirements of Regulation No 7/25.05.1992 on the Hygienic-Sanitary Zones, LZC AD, as a production fact on the effective date of the Regulation, is in violation of the requirement for a 3000 m wide hygienic zone. Other settlements near LZC are the villages Ostritsa and Vishegrad (about 2-2.5 km to the south, on the other side of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”), the village Gluhar – at 4 km, also southwards, and the village Shiroko Pole – at about 4.5 km to the east. In northern direction, into which predominantly blows the wind, are the villages Panchevo – 3.5 km away, and Rani List – 6.5 km away.

Roasting and dry dust collection Fig. 3.1-1 Situation of the sites for the roasting shop and the shop for sulphuric acid

Control centre

Reservoir for demi water

Currently operating store for concentrates

Stack K2

Stack K3

Stack K1-A

Stack K1

Power line

Wet purification of gases

Silo for burnt blende

Stack K4-A

System for sulphuric acids

Site for “Purification of solutions” (inside and outside the building of the shop)

Stack K4

Fig. 3.1-2 Situation of the sites for the ”Wet extraction” shop with indication of surfaces for enlargement of the production

Existing “Electrolysis” shopGypsum purification

New electrolysis shop

Fig. ion of tw elect

3.t h or e r h

1-3 e site f

olysis s Situa

n the

op

Gypsum purification

Existing electrolysis shop

In the area of LZC AD is a part of the Corine Site “The Arda River valley”, which includes several protected objects of the National Ecological Network for sensitive territories – the protected locality “Adiantum” and the reserves “Valchi Dol” and “Chamlaka”. From those only “Adiantum” falls within the 5 km zone of the LZC AD’s site (3.7-3.8 km away).

ear the object of the IP there is no sanitary-protection zone for some underground water source.

ing port facility of the Company is the Port Complex in the town of Burgas.

endent pipeline.

ng acids from the wet purification at the new system for sulphuric acid) will be redu

on 11.3 of the CP No 124/2006), what will continue till the constru

e used the existing infrastructure (road network, railway transport, electrical power

g accomplished by local su

within the territory of the LZC A

transport, it will have a railway connection and will perform functions of an acceptance store for raw materials. From it, the batches of concentrate will be sent by dedicated internal transport for burdening in the currently operating store for concentrates of the Zinc Plant.

N The industrial object also is outside zones with mineral waters of categories A and B. The communication connections of LZC AD are being accomplished by a railway

deviation from the Kardjali railway station and by auto transport. The main loading-unload

The supply of electrical power comes from the national energy system through an independent electric power line. The supply of industrial water is from the artificial lake “Kardjali” through an indep

The domestic-fecal wastewaters empty in the town’s sewerage – change is not envisaged after commissioning of the new capacities. The industrial wastewaters are neutralized in the Complex’s WWTP, after what empty in the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”. The operation of the WWTP is regulated by condition 10.1.1.2 and condition 10.1.2.1 of the CP No 124/2006. According to the IP, the volume of the wastewaters from the new installations (before all the flow of the so-called washi

ced and with a less burdened by admixtures composition. Enlargement of the WWTP is not required.

The generated solid waste currently is stored in temporary sites within the territory of LZC AD (according to conditi

ction of a storage pond for hazardous waste. For this storage pond the Kardjali municipality gave a permission (see the Text Appendices) to use the site “Dobrovolets”, a landed property with pl. No 73 of the MRP in Kardjali town, and now the Company is in the process of preparing DRP-BUP, designing, and obtaining Report on the EIA.

In order to secure the construction and operation of the new installations and enlargements will b

lines, water supply and sewerage). Moving out of the territory of the site for excavation-filling works, installation and other construction works is not envisaged. Specialized companies will carry out the construction, the provision of construction materials bein

ppliers. Additional sites for carrying out temporary activities during the construction will be not envisaged as well.

The sites, on which will be performed new construction, are D and are entirely connected with the existing infrastructure. The situational plan of the site, with the location of the basic building fund of both LZC

AD’s main and auxiliary production facilities is presented schematically in fig. 2.2-2 (see above in item 2.2) and in the Graphical Appendices No 1 and 1.A, where are marked the sites of the new installations and the envisaged enlargements of the currently operating ones.

The new store for concentrates (see Graphical Appendix No 1.A) will be positioned in

the southwest part of the LZC AD’s site, on a built-up surface area of 3780 m2. Besides to be used by the auto

52

The new roasting shop will be positioned on a cleared site of 870 m2, located to the west sting shop (see above fig. 3.1-1 and Graphical Appendix No 1). It

ill be connected with the burdening store by partial reconstruction of the currently operating

n this respect, most complicated appears the schedule for enlargement of the “wet extraction” shop, especially in the

s indicated, the legal owner of the land is LZC AD – the land is a non-regulated site, for which

at the stages of closing, recovering and following use of work sites and equipm

ctivity of the site or of a part of the same.

of the currently operating roawtrestle for concentrate.

The new shop for sulphuric acid (see above fig.3.1-1 and Graphical Appendix No 1) will

be positioned on an emptied site (built-up area 1680 m2) to the west of the old shop for sulphuric acid, near the new roasting shop, with a possibility to have a short technological connection.

The new electrolysis shop will be positioned on a situated to the east emptied site of 4560

m2, in immediate vicinity to the currently operating electrolysis shop (see above fig.3.1-03 and Graphical Appendix No 1)

The envisaged enlargements in the “wet extraction” shop (see above fig.3.1-2 and Graphical Appendix No 1) will be carried out as follows – a part inside the building of the shop (468 m2), and another part – on an open site northwards (398 m2) and eastwards (988 m2) of this building. In parallel with changes of the technological-equipment in section “purification of solutions” of the shop, is envisaged also enlargement of the section for filtering and stabilization of the jarosite cake.

The entire activity on construction and building the new installations and enlargements will be carried out without interruption of the currently operating production. I

part “purification of solutions”. Athe owner possesses Title Deed for ownership of immovable property No 12/1998 as well

as of the main and auxiliary buildings within the territory of this site. For construction of new or reconstruction of existing objects or production installations, new permission for site allotting is not necessary, because these activities will be accomplished on existing according to an approved cadastral plan site.

The programme for the activities on realization of the IP, including the construction works, will be implemented in compliance with an approved schedule. The separate objects are assigned to contractors on the grounds of the established bidding procedure.

For proper operation and maintenance of the equipment in the new and reconstructed production units, in compliance with the project will be prepared the respective Technological instructions and Instructions for safe work and hygiene of the labour.

It is envisaged thent from installations that have gone out of operation shall comply with the instructions in

condition No 16 of CP No 124/2006 (Terminating the operation of installations or a portion of them), i.e. after the termination of a part of allowed activity or the entire activity, the possessor of the CP has to close, make save, or remove all contaminated soils, buildings and equipment, as well as all materials and waste from the site, which may lead to contamination of the environment. For this purpose is composed and coordinated with MEW a plan for management of the waste materials (residual) with valued expenses for terminating the a

53

3.2 Considered alternatives

resume considering a “zero alternative”. The offered IP is a logical continu

will result in easing the emission condition in respect of waste gases and ontam

f the installation for production of zinc in the amount

of the Zinc Plant credits with an aggregate value of 60 millions uro, it is necessary to raise the annual production capacity up to 45 000 tons of zinc ingots. The

ecologicahe sites of the new installations (new roasting shop with a system for sulphuric acid and

a new e

The zinc production of LZC AD is carried out under a technology from the 60’ies of the past century. Regardless of the accomplished during years technological and equipment improvements, the Zinc Plant lags significantly below the up-to-date level of the modern zinc plants. The plant is physically depreciated and obsolescent, so its further functioning and development requires modernization, which with a view on securing the necessary credit resource and the servicing of the same, imposes the necessity to enlarge the production up to a capacity of 45 000 tons of zinc ingots (about 40% increase in comparison with the allowed by CP No 124/2006 capacity of 32 000 tons). Having in mind the prerequisites for further existence and development of the Zinc Plant, the offered Investment Proposal for “Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant by a new roasting shop, new system for sulphuric acid and new electrolysis shop” does not p

ation of the started in 2004-2005 modernization, which introduced the jarosite technology for stabilization of the obtained jarosite cakes (see further item 5.6 and item 6.1.5 – waste). According to the IP, the new objects will be realized in the territory of the currently operating industrial site of the Company. The Investment Proposal in essence is beyond doubt ecologically friendly andc inated industrial waters (mainly waste washing acid towards WWTP).

3.2.1 Alternatives in site selection.

The main criterion in selection the site for construction of both new installations is the

availability of own site for industrial activity in production of zinc with a built structure (equipment-technological, communication connections, connections with the infrastructure of the entire Complex and organizational inclusion in the structure of the currently acting production, purification equipment etc.). The capacity oof 32 000 tons per year (according to CP No 124/2006) does not correspond to the Company’s policy for future development and modernization of the plant (see above item 2.1). The carried out technical-economical argumentation shows that with a view to service the necessary for renovation and modernization eproject emerges as an ecological one – actually more than ½ of the investments are with

l orientation. Tlectrolysis shop) are so selected in respect of the location within the territory of LZC AD,

that their construction will be realized without interrupting the work of the currently operating productions. The modernization of the section ”wet extraction” will be accomplished as a partial enlargement, but with essential technological renovation and including of new modern equipment under a project of Asturiana de Zinc. It is envisaged that the entire reconstruction in the ”wet extraction” shop will be accomplished without stopping the production.

54

3.2.2. Alternatives in selection of technologies

For roasting the zinc concentrates is envisaged a furnace of the type “boiling layer” (Lurgi design), which will guarantee very good technological indices for the productivity (12.5 t/h), residuathe burutilizat e furnace gases are envisag of low washin cid“boiling layerequiremitem 2.6.

The alternative to “multi-floor roasting furnaces” (Herreshoff furnace

A stem

irms in the branch the former LURGI Gmbh). Envisaged is high quality of the supplied

ation, easy maintenance and low emissions f sulphur dioxide with the waste gases in the stack (below 0.01 vol. % SO , respectively, below

highest re BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.4 and BREF Code VIC AAF, item 1.3.1.2.3 and item 2.3.1).

in the plant xanthogenate method for purification of the cobalt

n of the solutions is in compliance with the AT (BREF Code NFM, item 5.1.5.2).

l content of sulphide sulphur (0.3 ± 0.1 % Ss), and of sulphate sulphur (1.8 ± 0.2 % SSO4 in nt blende. The furnace is complete with the waste-heat boiler, allowing high degree of heat ion in production of industrial steam. For the dry purification of thed two cyclones and a highly efficient dry electrical filter (DEF), permitting achievement

sidu 3re al dust content (below 200 mg/Nm ), and by this, minor losses of zinc with the g a s in the following wet purification of the gases. The envisaged by IP furnace type

r” and its peripheral equipment (waste-heat boiler, dry electrical filter) satisfy the ents of the documents for BAT (BREF Code NFM, item 2.5.1.7; item 2.5.3, Table 2.3; 1.2 and item 2.6.5).

application of “boiling layer” type furnaces in the zinc hydrometallurgy has no day. Other aggregates, as the so-called

s) have long ago gone out of use in multi-ton productions and has to be considered anachronism in the design and construction of new productions (BREF Code NFM, item 2.6.1, Table 2.5). For utilization of the sulphur dioxide in the furnace gases is envisaged a modern DCDsy for production of sulphuric acid, with which the aggregate degree of sulphur extraction exceeds 99.5%. The system will be designed by one of the leading design f(Outokumpu Technology –basic equipment, which is a guarantee for secure opero 2300 mg/Nm3). The system is with double catalysis and double absorption, what satisfies the

quirements of the documents for BAT (L

The monocatalytic systems for sulphuric acid have small degree of conversion and absorption, do not satisfy the norms for emission of sulphur oxides BREF Code NFM, item 4 and item 5, as well as BREF Code LVIC AAF, item 1.3.1.2.3 and item 2.3.1, due to what they have to be excluded as an alternative). 3.2.2.1. Alternatives for selecting a technology for purification of solutions and a new

electrolysis shop In compliance with the IP is envisaged introduction of a new process of “activated

nickel-cobalt purification” (the so-called “hot purification”) of the zinc sulphate solutions under a patent protected technology of Asturiana de Zinc. This established in the world practice process will replace the now applied solutions, by what will be stopped the use of the highly toxic, harmful for the servicing staff reagent potassium ethyl xanthate. With the proposed regime for purification from admixtures and with the Asturiana de Zinc arrangement of the equipment will be guaranteed high purity of the zinc sulphate solutions for electrolysis, with minimal consumption of zinc powder – up to 50 kg/t zinc. The proposed technology for purificatiodocuments for B

55

According to the IP is envisaged that the construction of the electrolysis installation will be accomplished on the bases of Know How, engineering and supply of a basic equipment package from Asturiana de Zinc - Spain, by what will be guaranteed obtainment of zinc brand SHG (Special High Grade Zinc) assay 99.995 %. This will be achieved by a complex of technological and technical innovations of the company:

- Improved design – the so-called “Jumbo Tubs” with appropriate arrangement in the shop, power supply and circulation of the electrolyte;

- Proven in the practice secure system for cooling the electrolyte;

h is any

Accin the conditem 2.corresp item 5. 3.2.3. A 3.2.3.1.

and the shop for sulphuric acid

In t n of steam in the wproduced sincluded in ming scheme (mainly for heating the solutions in shop “wet extracti the harmful emissions of the Complefuel oil con The production of sulphuric acid is employing double catalysis and double

ent as well as with the technological in the new roasting shop (FB furnace,

waste-h

- Technology for precision maintenance of optimal regime of the electrolysis process; - Commissioning an automatic crane with remote programme control for servicing the

tubs – manipulations with cathodes and anodes, scanning the tubs for short circuits and others;

- Commissioning of an automated machine for stripping cathode zinc, by whiccancelled heavy physical labour in harmful sanitary-hygienic conditions for mworkers in the currently operating shop.

ording to the IP will be achieved production of the highest brand zinc, the SGH Zinc ition of high electrical and energy efficiency of the new electrolysis shop (see above

). The offered in the IP electrolysis shop,3.4 as technology and equipment, entirely onds with the requirements for BAT (BREF Code NFM, item 5.1.5.2 and item 5.3.6.2). The inductive furnaces for melting cathode zinc conform to BAT – BREF Code NFM, 1.8, item 2.6.5, Table 2.7, as well as to BREF Code SF, item 2.4.3.2.1.

lternatives in selection of energy resources

Alternatives in selection and utilization of energy resources in the roasting shop

he IP is envisaged utilization of the heat of the roasting gases for productioaste-heat boiler, reducing in this way the total energy consumption of the Zinc Plant. The

team (14.7 t/h, pressure 40 at), after lowering its pressure down to 8 at, will be the general steam consu

on”); this has also an indirect ecological effect from reducingx’s steam plant, which works with liquid fuel – will be achieved reduction of the annual

sumption by at least 6000 tons system for

absorption (the DCDA system), with heat exchangers and a contact device, which are thermally dimensioned to accomplish the entire process autothermically. It is envisaged to use in the transportation schemes more modern and with lower consumption of electrical energy centrifugal pumps, fans and a gas blower. ith the envisaged arrangement of the equipmoperation mode, the consumption of electrical energy

W

eat boiler, compressed air, cooling cycles) will be reduced to about 1400 kWh/h, respectively to about 210 kWh/t zinc in the produced burnt blende, what corresponds to BAT (BREF Code NFM, item 5.2.1 and Table 5.15).

56

It is envisaged to build a modern system for sulphuric acid with double catalysis and double absorption, which will be dimensioned to operate in autothermical regime. The consumption of electrical energy in the new shop for sulphuric acid (by the equipment of the system

e basis of Know How, complete engineering and a basic package of equipment to be supplie

dices of the process (high coefficient of electrical energy utilization

age value in the

the electrodes;

•

•

•

electrol umption of electrical energy below 3100 kWh/t of zinc, what corresponds with the requirements for BAT (BREF Code NFM, item 5.2.1).

for wet purification of gases and the gas blower) will be reduced to about 1300 kWh/h, respectively, down to 110 kWh/t produced sulphuric acid.

3.2.3.2. Alternatives in selection and utilization of energy resources in the new electrolysis

shop On th

d, Asturiana de Zinc guarantees achievement of lowest electrical energy consumption – below 3050 kWh/h for a ton of cathode zinc, what is below the index for BAT (BREF Code NMF, item 5.2.1). The high electrical and energy efficiency of the new electrolysis shop is achieved by:

• Provision of sulphate solutions with very high purity, in respect of harmful admixtures, for the needs of the electrical extraction of zinc, what guarantees best possible electrochemical inand low specific consumption of the same);

• Precision positioning of the electrodes, what guarantees minimal volt tubs;

• Availability of a scanning system for efficient discovering of short circuits between

• Individual weighing of cathodes in order to find the inefficient ones and removing defects;

Incorporated information system for arranging by importance activities related to loading and servicing of tubs;

Using a dedicated crane with programme control, what provides for a minimum of useless moves and operations, and results in reduced energy consumption;

Carrying out an optimal technological process of electroextraction, what allows producing cathodes with equal zinc deposits and obtaining after melting zinc ingots of the highest SHG grade.

• Thermal monitoring of busses, contacts and electrolyte; • Installing appropriate pumps for solutions and electrolyte, characterized by low

electricity consumption, which will be supplied by leading in the branch European companies.

All indicated and realized opportunities in respect of energy resources in the new ysis shop will allow to achieve cons

3.2.4. Alternatives in reducing the harmful emissions

Envisaged is maximal utilization of the sulphur in the roasting gases by construction of a

new DCDA system for production of sulphuric acid, which guarantees residual concentration of sulphur dioxide in the stack waste gases below 0.01vol. %, respectively, below 300 mg/Nm3.

57

By this index, the new installation corresponds with the peak achievements in the branch and satisfies all requirements for BAT (BREF Code NFM, item 4 and item 5, as well as BREF Code LVIC AAF, item 1.3.1.2.3 and 2.3.1 – Table 2.11).

After the pneumatic installation for transporting the roasted blende towards the collecting bunker (capacity 2000 m3), as well as after the pneumatic transport installation for transferring

countries (BREF Code NFM, Appendix II, Table .1).

mg/m , while the norm is 1.0 mg/m – Regulation

the sprinkling system and the ACT’s demisters, and returned back into the sulp

nter-current two-stage washing in the system of the high-speed dust collector

hing sulphur-acid solutions (the so-called washing acid) down to about 2

uriana de Zinc systems for the ) of cathodes and anodes, cleaning deposits

wers (ACT’s) and the delivery of the reagent strontium lectrolysis shop.

The reduced volume of the liable to neutralization wastewaters will allow to process them

f the zinc production to 45 000 tons of zinc ingots.

owned by the Company (Title Deed No 2/1998). Within the same site will be realized also the new installations and enlargements of the inc Plant. Above in figure 2.2-2 (see item 2.2) is presented the situational scheme of the site, ith positions of the existing basic and auxiliary building fund, where are marked the sites of the ew installations and the envisaged enlargements of the currently operating ones, as they are dicated in the IP. The exact locations of the new objects, together with the necessary

the burnt blende to the extraction bunkers, is envisaged precision purification from dust of the separated airflow in sleeve filters. In this way will be achieved content of dust below 10 mg/m3, while the MAE is 20 mg/m3 (art. 30, paragraph 2 of Regulation No 1/2005), this being considerably below the current norms in EU II

In the new electrolysis shop are envisaged three new cooling towers (ACT’s), in which will be processed also the aspirated air flow from the sanitary- technical ventilation of the shop(about 300 000 m3/h). In this way will be maintained low concentration of the sulphur acid aerosols in the building of the shop (below 0.5 3 3

No 13 from 24.07.1992). In the same time, the thrown out with the ventilation flow sulphur-acid aerosols will be caught by

hur-acid electrolyte.

3.2.5. Alternatives in water consumption and making wastewaters harmless Reduction of industrial water consumption will be realized mainly in the following two

directions:

• Improved equipment of the system for wet purification of roasting gases by organizing cou“Venturi”, by what is reduced the volume of the taken out towards the Complex’s WWTP wasm3/h (see further item 6.3.2);

• Introducing water saving, proven in the practice of Astcurrent processing (cleaning and washingin the atmospheric cooling tocarbonate in the new e

without problems in the currently operating WWTP, regardless of the increased annual capacity o

3.3. Sketch showing the location of the site and places of buildings, other structures,

materials used in the construction

The production activity of LZC AD is accomplished in an industrial site with aggregate surface of 326 230 m2, which is outside regulation and is1Zwnin

58

construction surfaces, are marked in the presented Graphical Appendix No 1 and the partial aster plan of LZC AD. The situational schemes of the new shops and the envisaged large

e dev

ional energy system through an indepen

At tthe respiron baconstructiocastinginsulat Basbuildings a

struction bricks; Metal doors and windows.

3.4. Plans of existing roads, changes of the same According to the IP, the new installations will be constructed and completed on specified terrains in the industrial site of the currently operating production facilities of LZC AD. During works on new construction and enlargements, use of external road connections is not envisaged. As well will be not affected surfaces outside the territory of the Complex. The existing internal roads and sites for manoeuvres providing access of the transport technique to the new halls, will be used also after the commissioning of the installation.

men ments of the currently operating production sections of the Zinc Plant, according to the Pre-Basic Engineering of Outokumpu Technology and Asturiana de Zinc for LZC AD – Kardjali, are presented in figures 3.1-1, 3.1-2 and 3.1-3 (see item 3.1). Additional surfaces for temporary activities during the construction are not required. At the construction of the installation and during its regular operation will be used elements of the existing infrastructure – in-plant road links, electricity and water supply systems, sewerage network and the currently operating WWTP. LZC AD’s communication connections are accomplished through railway transport along th iation of the railway line from the station in Kardjali and by means of auto transport. The main loading-unloading port-facility of the company is the Port Complex in the town of Burgas. The electrical supply of the production site is accomplished by the nat

an independent electrical power line. The supply of industrial waters comes from the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” through

dent pipeline. he construction of the object is not envisaged direct use of natural resources, except of

ective amounts of standard construction materials – concrete, mortar, bricks, reinforcing rs, metal structures, as well as of certain damp- and heat-insulation materials. In the

n will be applied methods of the classical industrial construction – foundation pits, foundations, columns and concrete floors with damp-proof and/or acid-resista of nt

ion, panel or brick walls, roof elements, metal doors and windows. ic construction materials and elements, which will be used in the construction of the re:

- Cement, sand and gravel for preparation of reinforced concrete for foundations, sites and floors;

- Damp-proof and/or acid-proof insulations; - Reinforced concrete or metal load-bearing structures;

- Profile sheet metal with PVC insulation; - Heat-insulating roof panels; - Con-

59

3.5. Sensitive territories. National ecological network In compliance with the Biological Diversity Act (SG, issue 77/09.08.2002), with a view on the long-term preservation of the biological, geological and landscape diversity, are specified the elements of the National Ecological Network (art. 3, para.1 and Appendix 1 to art. 6), including protected zones (within which may fall protected territories), protected territories (which do not fall within the protected zones) and buffer zones around the protected territories (reserves and moisture zones), as well as the provision of sufficiently big in size and quality places for breeding, feeding and resting, including for migration and wintering of the wild animals, as well as the conditions for genetic exchange between separate populations and species. According to SG, issue 133/1998; amended and supplemented in SG, issue 98/199

ue 00 (also Georgiev T.,2004; Vasileva S. and collective, 1994) in the region o9; and

SG, iss 28/20 f LZC AD is a portion of the Corine Si , “Th includes:

Frothe 5 kilom C AD’s zone (3.7-3.8 km away). The remaining objects are much more a Nea o sanitary-protected zone of underground water sourcesB catego

te e Arda River valley”, which

• The ornithologically important place (OIP) and the protected zone (PZ) artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”, 20 000 ha, within which falls the reserve “Valchi Dol”- 774.7 ha – a place of world significance, in the capacity of a representative biom for the Mediterranean zone;

• Protected locality “Adiantum” (1.5 ha), declared by order No 1114 of the Commission for Environment Preservation (CEP) – (SG, issue 101/1981) – it represents a natural field in the land territory of Kardjali, where grows the Adiantum capillus – veneris;

• Maintained reserve “Chamlaka” (5.4 ha), declared such by order No 2245 of 12.12.1956 (amended SG, issue 28/2000) – represents a natural 150-year old pitch pine forest in the area of village Vodenicharsko, a remainder from ancient natural pitch pine forests.

m the indicated protected objects only the protected locality “Adiantum” falls within etre zone of the LZ

way from LZC AD. r the subject of the IP there is n

. The industrial object also is outside the scope of zones with mineral waters in the A and ries.

60

4. Comparison between the proposed technologies and the conclusions suggested in the BAT comparative documents (according to § 18 of Decree No 30 In amending and Procedure for carrying out an assessmthe environa comparison of the proposed technology (installation) with the conclusions presented in the

mpar

s are presented and analysed the e so-called “Vertical BAT”) – a material of the urope

“Complehniques in the Non Ferrous

ding to which is made the

or the e following reference ocum

(BREF Code ЕSB); • “Draft Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Large Volume

F)

•

2/30.12.2005) compliance with the requirement of § 8, item 3, of Decree No 302/30.12.2005 for and supplementing the Regulation on the Conditions

ent of the impact of investment proposals for construction, activities, and technologies on ment, adopted by Decree No 59/07.03.2003 – SG, issue 25/2003, to make in the REIA

co ative documents with guidelines for best available techniques concerning the Investment Proposal of LZC AD for:

• “New roasting shop and a new system for production of sulphuric acid”; • “New electrolysis shop.

BAT for the indicated in the Investment Proposal installationin basic specialized reference document (thE an Commission, the Institute for perspective technological studies (Seville, Spain) –

x prevention and control of the pollution” (IPPC), which includes also BAT for the non-ferrous metallurgy - Reference Document on Best Аvailable TecMetals Industries, December 2001 (BREF Сode NFM), accorassessment for conformity. F considered alternatives with use of BAT have been used also thd ents:

• Reference Document on Best Available Techniques on Emission from Storage. January 2005

Inorganic Chemicals, Ammonia, Acids and Fertilises Industries, March 2004 (BREF Code LVIC AA

• Reference Document on Best Available Techniques to Industrial Cooling Systems, December 2001 (BREF Code CV); Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/Management Systems in the Chemical Sector, October 2003 (BREF Code CWW);

• Draft reference Document on General Principles of Monitoring, July 2003 (BREF Code MON).

4.1. Alternatives of the technology for roasting zinc concentrates and of the system for producing sulphuric acid

1. In respect of the new store for zinc concentrates, the compliance with the BAT documents is: BREF Code NFM, Chapter 2, Table 2.28 and item 5.3.1, Table 5.3.1 (recommended is a covered store).

61

2. In rethe BA

oint metals.

lication of “Boiling layer”

er), item 2.7.1.1

on and the degree of sulphur trioxide absorption, meeting in this way ses. The monocatalitic systems for

n and do not satisfy the norms for

.81 and fig. 3.16.

spect of the technological operation “roasting of zinc concentrates”, the compliances with T requirements are as follows: • Furnace of the type “Boiling layer”, LURGI design of Outokumpu Technology -

BREF Code NFM, item 2.1.5.7; item 2.5.3, Table 2.3; item 2.6.1.2; item 2.6.5. They are widely used in the zinc and copper metallurgy.

• Multi-floor roasting furnaces (“Herreshoff furnaces”), BREF Code NFM, item 2.6.1, where is noted (Table 2.5) that they have application in the metallurgy of high-melting-p

From the made analysis follows the conclusion that the appfurnaces in the zinc hydrometallurgy today has no alternative. Other aggregates, as the so-called “Multi-floor roasting furnaces” (Herreshoff furnaces) are long ago out of application in multy-tonnage production and have to be considered as an anachronism in the design and building of new production facilities (BREF Code NFM, item 2.6.1, Table 2.5).

• Devices for feeding the FB furnace: - Belt and screw transporters – BREF Code NFM, item 5.3.1, Table 5.31 and Chapter 2, Table 2.28.

- Belt and disk feeders – BREF Code ESB, item 3.4.2.19.

• Devices for purification of roasting gases: - Recooperators and cyclones: BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.1.3;

- Wasteheat boiler: BREF Code NFM, item 2.6.2.2 (wasteheat boil – Dry electrical filter (DEF): BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.1.1 and BREF Code CWW,

item 3.5.3.3. 3. In respect of the sulphuric acid production from roasting gases, the compliance with the BAT documents is as follows:

• The mono- and double catalytic system for sulphuric acid are presented in BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.4. system– BREF Code NFM,. In item 4 and item 5, the degree of SO2 conversion in a monocatalitic system is minimum 95 % (maximum 99.1 %), while for the double catalytic system these values are respectively minimum 99.3 % and maximum 99.7 %.

• Mono- and double catalytic system for sulphuric acid – BREF Code LVIC AAF, item 1.3.1.2.3 and item 2.3.1. It is noted that the monocatalitic systems are “old”, and that in Table 2.1 are given only data for double catalytic systems.

The made analysis shows that systems with double catalysis and double absorption (DCDA systems for sulphuric acid) satisfy the highest requirements of the BAT documents for the degree f sulphur dioxide conversio

the strictest requirements for low emissions in the waste gaulphuric acid has low degree of conversion and absorptios

sulphur dioxide emissions, and for this reasons have to be excluded as an alternative to the DCDA systems.

• Equipment for the sulphuric acid system: - Washing towers (scrubers) – BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.4 (fig.2.3.6) and item

2.8.1.1.6 and BREF Code CWW, item 2.13.3.4, item 3.5.3.1, fig. 3

62

- Wet electrical filters: BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.4, fig. 2.36; item 2.8.1.1.2, fig.2.31; - Drying tower: BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.14, fig.2.36; item 2.8.1.1.2; - Contact device (for the double catalytic system): BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.14, fig.

2.3.7. - Absorber: BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.14, fig. 2.3.7. (for the double catalytic

catalytic

EF Code NFM (item 5.1.5.2), within the scope of BAT for obtaining primary resented in Table 19 of BREF Code NFM show that realized by this method, while the remaining 14 %

lternatives to the methods for purifying zinc sulphate solutions

lutions from admixtures

r BAT – 4.2.2. Alte l extraction In BREF C recommended that the purified from admixtures solutions enter e

inium cathodes – recommended as a best technique.

system); - Heat exchangers: BREF Code NFM, item 2.8.1.14, fig. 2.3.7 (for the double

system). 4.2. Alternatives to the technology of zinc electrolysis installation

ccording to BRAzinc is the hydrometallurgical scheme. Data pbout 86 % of the world production of zinc isa

are a product of ISF-RT technologies (Imperial Smelting Furnace – Fire Refining). Concluding operations in the hydrometallurgical scheme are purification of the solutions from admixtures and electrical extraction of zinc from the sulphate solutions. The accepted as a rule in the LZC AD system of hydrometallurgical production, the accomplished till now modernization in the wet extraction cycle, as well as the accumulated production experience, determine the standard electrolysis technology as a variant without alternative in the further development of the plant.

.2.1. A4

compulsory technological operation is to purify the acid ZnSOA 4 sobefore the electrical extraction (fig. 5.5 of BREF Code NFM). In BREF Code NFM, Chapter 5, item 5.1.5.2, is commented the method for purifying the solutions. It is carried out in several consecutive stages (operations), which are determined by the concentrations of the admixtures in the solutions. As cementing agents are used zinc powders for precipitating admixtures as copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt. The purification from cobalt and nickel includes the application of the so-called “activated cementing purification”, with use of antimony compounds (in this case sodium-antimony tartarate) as a reagent. Commented is also the use of barium hydroxide as well as of glioxal for removing lead and nickel admixtures. The cementing purification of solutions from copper and cadmium and the further processing of the obtained semi-finished product, to a considerable degree determine the choice of the technological variant. The used until now variant of cobalt purification by the xanthogenate method has to be excluded as an alternative, due to serious sanitary-health problems for the servicing staff when working with xanthogenate reagents. All this substantiates the included in the IP variant of activated “cobalt-nickel purification” (called also ”hot purification”), which is in conformity with the requirements fo

BREF Code NFM.

rnatives to the methods of electrica

ode NFM, item 5.1.5.2, is lectrolysis tubs for electroextraction. The electrolysis tubs are equipped with lead anodes

and aluminium cathodes. In BREF Code NFM, item 5.3.6.2 is noted that the electroextraction process is optimised by refinement of the equipment (the number of electrolizing cells) as well as hrough the use of alumt

63

The mechanized and automated “stripping off” the cathode zinc and the introduction of scanning tems for discovering and removing “short circuits” in the tubs is accepted as BAT.

oving (stripping off) zinc from the cathodes may be carried out either manually or matically, the advantages of the automatic operation being undeniable

sysRemuto (Chapter 5.4 – Best

f BREF Code NFM). use different variants of closed cooling cycles (including atmospheric

the I e furnaces that are within the

, what provides adequate sanitary-hygienic conditions in the electrolysis shop.

- Evaporation of water during electrolyte cooling, what maintains the water balance in the wet extraction scheme.

The presented variants allow avoiding the contamination of wastewaters with sulphur-acid omponents (BREF Code NFM, item 5.3.6.2). Analogous recommendations are given in item 5.4 f BREF Code NFM.

aavailable techniques ot is recommended toI

cooling towers) in order to optimise the water balance of the zinc production as a whole. The concluding operation in the scheme of zinc electroextraction is melting of the zinc cathodes.

nvestment Proposal is envisaged to use the existing inductivInscope of BAT – BREF Code NFM, item 5.1.8, item 2.6.5, Table 2.7, as well as BREF Code SF, item 2.4.3.2.1. 4.3. Alternatives for energy consumptions In BREF Code NFM is presented the consumption of electrical energy for the whole installation (roasting, wet extraction, purification, electroextraction) – 4100 MWh/t Zn. According to the IP is expected that the introduction of the new technology and equipment in the electrolysis shop will lower the energy consumption in the electrolysis process by 100 kWh/t of zinc. The introduction of a wasteheat boiler, as envisaged by the IP, will lower the fuel oil consumption of the current plant’s steam facility with not less than 6000 tons per year. 4.4. Alternatives for reducing the emissions of sulphur acid aerosols In BREF Code NFM, item 5 and item 5.4.2.9, Table 5.45 is recommended to use wet scrubers and demisters (as well as cooling towers) in order to neutralize the sulphur acid aerosols and return them into the process. The wet scrubers are recommended also in BREF Code NFM, Chapter 2, Table 2.10,where is noted that is possible to reach emissions of sulphur acid aerosols within the range 4 – 50 mg/Nm3. Considered are also variants, in which the sulphur-acid aerosols (sulphur-acid mist), which form in the electroextraction process by the ascending from the anode zones of the electrolysis tubs “oxygen flow” are “neutralized” by various coverings of the electrolyte surface in the tubs (beads or granules – e.g. of polystyrene, polypropylene, etc.) with a view to minimize the emissions. In the electrolysis shops is necessary to built local ventilation systems in the zone of the tubs, in order to lead the aerosol flows towards a catching device. In this respect, equipment that has established its position in the practice for cooling of electrolyte is the atmospheric cooling tower (ACT). In the IP are envisaged ATC’s because they have significant advantages in two aspects:

- Taking the sulphur-acid aerosols out of the zone of the electrolysis tubs and catching them in the flow of the cooled electrolyte

co

64

5. Description and analysis of environmental components and factors that will

Characteristic of the potential impact on the environment

5.1 Atmospheric air 5.1.1. Characteristic and analysis of the climatic and meteorological factors related to the

concrete impact on the atmo quality. According to the clima as ti S an ev im eg in ga d th r clim e Continental-Mediterranean climatic re w t u g cl gi C ic n st op r va eys ( w-mountainous climatic region (400 – 1000 m aL D itu in i ia t rd w its the en d he no thern enets”, immediately next to the third- class road Ka li-H ovT ave s diverse in ge rph gic spe nd stin hed stro ex sed ak-u wh eter es its illy-mThe climatic particular of ea a eter ed the tio Bu ia w hin th e northern hemisphere as well as by the orography of the re wi e c cte c e nts as dop ogr an lie e p iar f the relief hillsides, influence the distribution of the heat, light, amou f p ita an oist e d r nd di utio d sp ingFor asses ti with the Ka li a ha ee d d ro e C ic en ok Bu a ( me I-IV), pu toget 5.1-1. In Table 5.1-2 are given da r e y e b ecT le 5.1 m/sec. Some of the more important cli c c cte cs llu d g ic n th ure h nSp cial i ate has the temperature regime and the precipitations. From s that the est nth era air te at il h st a Ju d A st (30.7ºC). haracterizes the winter as mild, the summ s hot an . The a onthly temperature of the air is typical for the m ate-con tal clim regio

be affected by the Investment Proposal, as well as of their interaction.

spheric air and its

tic cl sifica on of abev d Stan (“Cl atic r ions Bul ria anei ate”, 1959) the region of Kardjali falls into thgion, ithin he So th-Bul arian imatic sub-re on, the limat regio of Ea -Rod a rivell below 400 m altitude) and the East-Rodopa lo

e)ltitud is s

atedZC A the ndustr l par of Ka jali to n, at sou ast d, an on t

r shore of the artificial lake “Studen Kladrdja ask o.

he rage altitude of the plant’s site is 230 m. The area of impact iomo olo al re ct a is di guis by ngly pres bre ps, at d min h ountainous relief.

ities the LZC AD’s ar re d min by loca n of lgarit e moderate latitudes of thgion th th hara risti leme of E t Ro a top aphy d re f. Th ecul ities o

and the altitude, the inclination and exposure of the nt o recip tion d m ure, th win ose a the strib n an

re of the air contaminants. sing the influence of the climatic factors on the atmospheric contamina

adon volu

in rdja rea, ve b n use ata f m th limat Refer ce Bo for lgarit her in a generalized appearance in the given below Table ta fo the fr quenc of th wind y dir tions, as well as for calm weather (in %), while in

ab -3 are put together data for speed of the wind inmati hara risti are i strate raph ally i e fig s wit umbers 5.1-1 through 5.1-8. e mportance for characterization of the clim

the given in Table 5.1- ta f1 da ollow lowighe

more in

ly-avly an

ge ugum ures are in January and February (–3 and –1ºC), wh

The average annual temperature is 12.2ºC. This cper e the

er a d dry mplitude of the average moder tinen atic n.

65

Table 5.1-1 Climatic and meteorological data for the Kardjali region by months as well as an average annual

value

Months

І ІІ ІІІ ІV V VІ VІІ VІІІ ІХ Х ХІ ХІІ For the year

Monthly average air temperature, 0С: 0.8 3.0 6.2 12.0 16.8 20.5 23.4 23.1 18.7 13.2 8.4 3.4 12.2 Monthly average maximal air temperatures, 0С:

5.2 8.0 11.9 18.2 23.3 27.1 30.7 30.7 26.3 19.6 13.3 7.8 18.5

Monthly average minimal air temperatures, 0С:

-3.0 -1.0 1.3 6.0 10.4 13.8 11.7 7.7 4.3 0.3 16.0 15.3 7.0 Mo hly a rag ec tio (mnt ve e pr ipita ns m):1/

68 5 5 33 0 54 70 69 39 0 32 62 76 82 687 M ly d a r a s i ):onth average an annu l maximal daily p ecipit tion ( ingle, n mm 22 2 1 0 8 19 22 25 18 17 16 25 29 27 49

M hly ra f a la hu ity %ont ave ge o ir re tive mid , in : 83 7 7 58 4 68 69 67 60 7 66 75 81 83 72

Days with fog, numb /er: 2

4.9 2 0 1 0. .1 .9 0.9 0.1 0.2 0. 0 0.4 2.2 4.4 4.7 20.3 M ly d a l d ( : onth average an total nnua clou iness days)6.6 6.2 6.2 5.4 3.2 5.2 4.5 3.1 2.7 4.9 6.3 6.7 5.1 Monthly average and annual average of clear days (by total cloudiness): 3.4 4.2 4.5 4.5 3.9 6.4 12.2 15.3 12.5 8.0 4.0 3.5 82

Monthly average and annual length of sunshine (hours): 79 109 146 191 225 261 322 318 250 167 103 768 2249

onthly average and annual wind speed, m/sec.: M1.4 2.2 2. 1 7 . 1 1.9 0 .6 1.5 1.9 1. 1 6 .6 1.5 1.5 1.6 Num sec: ber of days with wind above 14 m/

0 1.0 1.8 . 0 4 0. 0 1 .6 1 2 .3 0.2 0.7 0. 1 .6 0.5 0.8 8. Av e a l s i ec o seerag nnua wind peed n dir tion f (m/ c)

N S SW W NE N E E S W 3.8 2. .4 5. 46 2 2.8 6.1 7 2.6 .0

1/ Sea pre ti m: er m ri 75 su r– m tum 72 Day th fog: 9.1 nter half-y ont X - , and 1 – mer half-y mont V );

sonals wi

cipita 1

on su – wi

wint – 202ear (m

m, sphs

ng– 1 III)

mm, 1.

mmesum

138 m , auear (

n– 1hs I

mm- IX1/

Maximal number of days with fog in the year – 20.3.

66

The distribution of the precipitations features a winter-spring maximum and a summer-autumn minimum, without clear expression of the same, demonstrating relative uniformity in the seasonal precipitation distribution. The annual sum of the precipitations is relatively big (for Kardjali it is 687 mm, and for the high parts of the area is within 700 – 1100 mm). The maximal precipitation rate is in December, while the minimal is in August. Dry periods in the area, lasting more than 10 days, occur mainly in the autumn and summer. According to data from the Climatic Atlas, the annual dry index for the low parts of the area is 10 to 20, while for the medium and high parts it raises – 20 to 30. The average date of snow cover appearance is 14th of December, and of it extinction – the 5th of March, so the number of days with snow cover is in average 91 days. Table 5.1-2 Frequency of wind direction (%) and quiet weather (%) as per the Kardjali Hydrometeoroligal Station

Direc- tion I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

For the

year N NE E SE S SW W NW

37.7 13.1 10.2 2.9 20.8 5.4 2.0 7.7

32.2 10.7 7.3 6.3 30.1 6.1 1.4 5.9

37.2 15.9 7.2 4.4 26.5 2.2 1.5 5.1

26.6 15.1 9.9 5.6 32.44.2 1.8 4.5

25.3 17.3 10.4 7.0 25.65.2 1.8 7.3

30.717.5 10.7 5.2 18.2 4.5 3.8 9.6

35.223.9 12.0 6.2 7.8 2.5 3.2 9.2

32.625.9 12.9 6.0 8.8 2.8 2.3 8.6

35.123.6 11.3 6.7 10.7 2.6 2.4 7.7

36.8 19.6 6.5 5.8 17.5 4.6 1.8 7.4

27.6 11.7 9.7 8.3 31.7 3.2 2.1 5.8

31.9 11.1 10.3 2.5 28.1 7.8 1.1 7.2

32.4 17.1 9.9 5.6 21.5 4.3 2.1 7.2

Quiet 63.1 54.8 50.1 50.8 58.4 59.6 57.7 58.6 59.1 61.4 64.3 65.6 58.7

Table 5.1-3 Wind speed in directions, m/sec (monthly average and annual average) as per the Kardjali Hydrometeoroligal Station

Direc-tion I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

For the year

N NE E SE S SW W NW

3.9 3.0 2.3 3.6 5.1 4.6 2.0 4.8

4.0 3.3 2.0 3.0 5.2 5.1 2.6 5.6

4.1 3.4 2.7 3.0 5.7 4.2 3.8 5.6

3.9 3.2 2.0 3.5 5.5 4.1 3.4 4.3

3.8 3.3 2.9 2.8 4.7 3.6 2.7 3.5

4.3 3.2 2.7 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.4 4.6

4.0 3.6 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.2 4.3

4.1 3.8 2.9 3.7 4.4 3.1 3.4 4.8

4.0 3.4 2.8 3.1 4.2 4.0 3.2 4.4

3.8 3.4 2.6 4.1 5.6 4.1 5.0 3.8

3.7 3.1 2.3 3.5 5.4 3.5 2.2 6.5

3.8 2.6 2.4 2.8 6.1 5.7 2.6 4.0

4.0 3.3 2.5 3.3 4.9 4.1 3.1 4.7

Maximal self-cleaning potential (per the prec itation sum) the atmosphere has in the winter season (November – January) and the spring m er season (May – June). The highest relative air humidity is in the period November-February. At this time the average number of days with fog is maximal.

ip-su m

67

Ход на средните месечни температрури на въздуха

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

0

5

10

15

20

Месец

Температура

[deg

C]

Ход на средните месечни максимални температури на въздуха

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Месец

Температура

[deg

C]

Ход на средните месечни минимални температури

на въздуха

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII-5

0

5

10

15

Месец

Температура

[deg

C]

Ход на средната месечна влажност на въздуха

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Месец

Влажност

[%]

Ход на средната месечна обща облачност

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

3

6

Месец

Бр.

дни

Ход на средния месечен брой на дните с мъгла

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII0

1

2

3

4

5

Месец

Бр.

дни

Ход на средно месечното тихо време (безветрие)

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII505254565860626466

Месец

[%]

Ход на средната месечна скорост на вятъра

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

Месец

Скорост

[м/сек

]

Figures 5.2-1 through 5.2-8

Mon

MonMon

Mon

Mon

Mon

Minimal air temperature monthly average

Air humidity monthly

Total cloudiness Days with fog monthly average Days with fog monthly

Air temperature monthly average Maximal air temperature monthly average

Windlessness

Tem

pera

ture

s, ºC

monthly average Wind speed monthly average

Month Mon

Tem

pera

ture

s, ºC

Tem

pera

ture

s ºC

N

umbe

r of

day

s

Hum

idity

Num

ber

ofSp

eed.

68

Per data of the Kardjali Hydrometeoroligal Station, the prevailing frequency of winds is northwards (32.4 %) and southwards (21.5 %), what determines the area with a character bi-

irectional wind rose (see fig. 5.1-9). The quite weather (wind speed below 1 m/sec) has a high r months prevails quite weather

drelative share – in average 58.7 days in the year. During the winte(63 – 66 %), when may be expected inversion conditions of the atmosphere. The solar radiation is a basic climate-forming factor and a main source of heat energy for the natural processes occurring on the earth surface, within the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere. For the area of Kardjali, the average total duration of the solar shining amounts to 2249 hours per year (the maximal for the country is 2330 hours), the maximal duration being in July and August.

EW

SE

S

SW

NW

N

NE

Fig. 5.1-9 Wind rose for the region of Kardjali (quite weather 58.7 %)

69

5.1.2. Assessment of the climatic factors impact on the atmospheric contamination within the region

The above adduced data and the described particularities of the separate climatic elements – air temperature and humidity, distribution of precipitation by months and seasons, the wind characteristic of the region, etc., have to be taken into consideration due to spreading of the air

ollutants and their impact upon the remaining environmental components.

is appli ent by marks (three or seven-mark scale), which is based n two main groups of indices – favourable climatic factors that promote self-cleaning of the

factor is favourable; etween 1.2 and 0.8 it is moderately favourable, and below 0.8 it is adverse. For Kardjali the days ith precipitation during the cold and the warm half-years are respectively 73 and 56, i.e. their tio is 1.3. So the impact of this factor is estimated as favourable.

) Annual rate of the precipitations. When it is more than 800 mm, the factor is favourable; etween 800 and 600 mm it is moderately favourable, and below 600 mm it is adverse. For the gion the an ual rate is 687 mm – that means this factor is moderately favourable.

To the group of adverse factors belong the following:

25 days, the factor is favourable; in case of 25 to 45 % it is moderately favourable, and if

ere ar

the e

round

p For assessment of the climatic conditions as a factor for the contamination of the air basin

ed the methodology of assessmoatmospheric air, and adverse climatic factors that are obstacles for purification of the atmosphere. The main climatic factors, on which depends the air contamination, are the wind regime, the regime of air humidity and precipitations, as well as the vertical stratification of the atmosphere that determines the temperature inversions. To the group of the favourable climatic factors are listed:

a) Number of days with wind above 14 m/sec (expressed in %) – when there are more than 20 % such days, the factor is favourable; when their number is between 5 to 20%, the factor is moderately favourable, and under 2 % it is adverse; for the region of Kardjali the number of days with wind speed above 14 m/sec is 8.1, or 2.2 % - this factor is little favourable, rather it is adverse. b) Number of days with precipitations above 10 mm. Provided there are more than 23 such days, the factor is favourable. When there are 23 to 18 such days, it is moderately favourable, and below 18 days it is adverse; For Kardjali there are 20 days with precipitation above 10 mm, what means that this factor is moderately favourable. c) Ratio “number of days with precipitation in the cold six months” to the “number of days with

recipitation in the warm six months”. When this value is above 1.2, thispbwradbre n

a) Number of days with quiet weather (in %, by months, and annual). When there are less than % suchth e more than 45 % such days, the factor is adverse. For the region of Kardjali the days with quiet weather take 58.7 % in the annual average, what makes this factor estimated as adverse. b) Number of days with temperature inversions. Provided there are more than 150 such days, the factor is adverse; for 180 to 150 days it is moderately favourable, and for less than 80 days, factor is favourable. According to available data, the region is characterized with a favourablsituation in respect of the inversion events – in average only in 20.3 days of the year (about 5.5%) there are temperature inversions, which in addition are with negligible strength on the glevel, reaching at maximum 200 m.

70

This conclusion however cannot be considered one-sidedly, as the mountainous relief of the region and the high percentage of days with quiet weather (58.7 %) are prerequisites for thermal inversions. Owing to this we adopt for the region a compromise estimate of the factor temperature inversions – to be considered as moderately favourable. According to the methodology, the generalized mark shows presence or absence of prerequisites for potential hazard of anthropogenetic air contamination in the considered region, when there is presence of industrial activity related to significant emissions in the atmosphere. Excluding the

on-on he

here

ary sources. In this respect is favourable

contributes to accumulation of ontaminants in the town’s atmospheric basin during certain periods of the year.

or the quality of the atmospheric air in the region of the Investment Proposal

The assessment of the imissions results from the monitoring shows a trend for diminishing the level of the average annual concentrations in the atmospheric air of all monitored in Kardjali indices. In Table 3.2-4 are juxtaposed the monthly average values of the indices for the quality of the atmospheric air in the town of Kardjali, taken during the five-year period 2002-2005. The generalized results demonstrate that for lead and cadmium were established violations of the norms for maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) in the atmospheric air – respectively, in 12 average monthly samples for lead, and in 11 average monthly samples for cadmium, taken during the entire 5-year period. For the remaining components violations were not found. It has to be however underlined, that the dust emissions containing heavy metals (lead, cadmium), are basically formed by the current technological operations in the Lead Plant of LZC AD, for which in the Complex Permission (CP No 124/2006) is envisaged an Investment Programme for bringing them in compliance with the norms. The relative share of the Zinc Plant in the dust emissions is very small due to the nature of the employed technology (besides, the emissions carry mainly zinc compounds), and with the introduction of the proposed by the IP new technologies, they will be reduced practically to negligible. In Text Appendices No 2 are presented additional data for the emission situation in the region of Kardjali town, given by months and in aggregate, for the years 2002-2006.

n e-sided assessment of the factor thermal inversions, the above juxtaposed data for tregion allow to make a formal qualitative assessment that the complex of climatic and meteorological characteristics of the Kardjali region can be considered as “moderatelyfavourable” in respect of spreading the harmful emissions that are thrown out into the atmospwith flows of waste gases from sufficiently high stationalso the prevailing direction of the winds in the region – a bi-directional north-south wind rose, i.e., towards the scarcely populated territories in the region. In the same time however, of significance to form a negative potential is the existence of a local ground-level transfer of air masses along the Arda River valley in east-west directions, whichc 5.1.3. Available data f

71

5.1.3. Characteristic of the potential impact during the construction and operation of the object Durin h on lla ns there will be no sources of organized em si . Mgases from the construc ery ring the excavation-filling construction r . I no ave the territory of the Complex’s site. The con ph c layer near the object will be very s l a w last f t construction programme execution. e basic flow o etre stack after the DCDA sys r sulphuric acid g o modern FB furnace and DCDA sys r sulphuric a u Technology and supply of the basic equ t from the sa d ee of sulphur utilization from the zinc concentrates (above 99.9 %), and achievement of residual content of sulphur dioxide in the stack gases flow below 0.01 vol. % SO w 286 mg/Nm3

(see further item 6.3 – Table 6.3-1). Very low and with short period of imp e also the emissions in the stack gases received fro g o ati the FB furnace before its initial sta e ages an aspiration system for the mill that processes the cooled burnt ble m f sp devices. The waste flows from tho em r what is expected to obtain residual contents of dust in the stack gases (stacks K2, K3, K4 and K4-A – see further item 6.3) considerably below thTh comparative imission assessment on the grounds of the acting Regulation No 14/1997 (N r total sus spheric air) and Regulation No 9/1999 (N r s hur i air veal negligible impact upon the qua the he 6.1 .

g tis

wo

nd

e cons

ks

ill

strucay b

tioe

n ex

andpec

bted

uil n

dinon

g -or

of ga

theni

inzed dust-gases emissions – dust and burnt

sta tio

tion extam

apein

ndcteat

trd ion

antha of

spot t th

rthee g

atiir iro

onmpun

macd a

acht wtm

inillos

dut leeri

t is

mal

Th fo foen

g. Th

e frosyst

ades fos fo of

onl

f w

y d

ast

ur

e g

in

as

g th

es

e

is

lim

eva

ite

cu

d

ated through the 50-m

period o he

temtemipm

rtin

ndse

e mormormlity

. B un co

y demp

ther tan

IPecy,

ishnowh

enloich

vigy g

sagofua

ed Ouran

butu

tee

ildkus h

inmpigh

f a

egrcidme

2, respectively, bact

elo ar

m b

IP ths a

ur

ene Fre

nin

visB

pu

f diesel fuel (naphta) when prehe ng

urnifi

aced

e ain

ndsle

iteve

s tw fi

olte

pnrs,

eu as

ma a r

tices

trult

an of

ort

e admissible emission norms.

penddioxide and le

ed dust anda

cad

dmn

iuthe

m at

in mo

thesp

ather

moic ulp

atm) re

osp ric air in the region (see further item .1)

72

73

le 5.1- E R I T 2

d

10

MAC

annual average 0

VALUES OF INDICES FOR THN THE TOWN OF KARDJALI DURING

.15 MAC

ATMOSPHERIC AIHE PERIOD 01.01.

aily average 125

QUALITY 002 – 31.12.2005

MAC daily average 0.25 MAC annual average 0.50

MAC h0002

ourly average 350 MAC daily average 0.0

non-toxic dust µg/m3 lead, compounds µg/m3 sulphur dioxide µg/m3 cadmium oxide mg/m3

Mon

th

2002 2003 2004 2005 an. av. 2002 2003 2004 2005

an. av. 2002 2004 2005

daily aver. 2002 2003 2004 2005

daily average

I 0.15 80.10 0.09 0.0 0.15 1.83 0.74 0.52 0.75 0.50 59.15 52.46 53.93 125.00 0.000129 0.000016 0.000015 0.000032 .00002 0II 0.18 70.06 0.10 0.0 0.15 1.30 0.57 0.87 0.58 0.50 25.28 41.61 34.02 125.00 0.000094 0.000010 0.000021 0.000017 .00002 0III 0.08 90.09 0.06 0.0 0.15 0.41 0.27 0.34 0.70 0.50 7.98 2 0. 00 .00002 8.33 17.12 125.00 000020 0.000015 0.000016 0.0 015 0IV 0.06 80.10 0.06 0.0 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.81 0.50 11.42 2 0. 00 .00002 2.37 17.89 125.00 000020 0.000010 0.000009 0.0 017 0V 0.06 6 10.08 0.04 0.0 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.19 0.46 0.50 7.42 4.94 2.91 125.00 0. 00 .00002 000029 0.000009 0.000008 0.0 012 0VI 0.07 6 1 0. 00 .00002 0.06 0.05 0.0 0.15 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.40 0.50 5.93 1.04 9.34 125.00 000014 0.000008 0.000016 0.0 014 0VII 0.06 5 3 0.0.07 0.06 0.0 0.15 0.06 0.15 0.37 0.29 0.50 2.37 0.45 10.83 125.00 000006 0.000015 0.000026 0.000 .00002 008 0VIII 0.08 6 10.09 0.06 0.0 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.26 0.30 0.50 11.68 4.46 5.75 125.00 0. 00 .00002 000035 0.000007 0.000012 0.0 009 0IX 0.08 6 20.08 0.08 0.0 0.15 0.32 0.24 0.47 0.44 0.50 5.59 2.66 11.97 125.00 0.000026 0.000013 0.000026 0.000 .00002 013 0X 0.07 7 3 0. 00 .00002 0.08 0.06 0.0 0.15 0.22 0.21 0.28 0.47 0.50 9.81 5.98 8.23 125.00 000013 0.000014 0.000019 0.0 014 0XI 0.08 9 3 0. 00 .00002 0.09 0.07 0.0 0.15 0.23 0.21 0.38 0.29 0.50 27.63 6.16 25.91 125.00 000010 0.000019 0.000012 0.0 010 0

XII 0.07 80.09 0.08 0.0 0.15 0.13 0.18 0.83 1.25 0.50 40.06 5 0.4.16 40.75 125.00 000010 0.000004 0.000030 0.000 .00002 035 0total annual average 0.087 0.0 0.000034 0.000012 0.000018 0.000016 30.385 19.888 82 0.067 0.071 0.423 0.274 0.411 0.561 17.861

Tab

5.2. Waters – surface, underground and waste 5.2.1. Surface waters

region of LZC AD – Kardjali is strongly , Perperek and Varbitsa, the region is cut

y a m ravines, many of them with big inclination of the lon

y the annual seasons. The catchment area of the artificial lake is big and wi

artificial

odule among all Bulgarian river basins (14 1/s/km2). More significant

tions. Before their merging they run thr g h the forest fund. Near Chelop h e places have been made c e f Perperek

maximu

are overgrown by tree mer months the rivers dry out. The maxim rosion processes in their water catchment area are act ricultural lands. The latter are with big inclina n aterials, which settle in the bed of Perpere R h-flow tributary of Arda River. It emptie en Kladenets”, southeast, opposite the LZ s clearly expressed left-hand symme developed, while the right tributaries are shorter and the ravines are with steep slopes.

The hydrographical network in thes Ardadeveloped. In line with the big river

b ultitude of smaller rivers andgitudinal profile. Arda River has a permanent water flow, which is strongly

affected also bth an irregular form. The river enters Kardjali from the west and runs

through the town. The stream is almost entirely enveloped by the bowls of the artificial lakes “Kardjali” and “Studen Kladenets”. Before entering thelake “Kardjali”, Arda River has an annual volume of run-off waters within the range 600 – 625 million m3. The length of Arda River till the border is 241 km, and the surface of its water catchment area is 5201 km2. Regardless of its low average altitude, the river has the highest run-off mtributaries are Varbitsa River, with surface of the water catchment area 1203 km2 and length 98 km, as well as Krumovitsa River – water catchment area 671 km2, length 58 km. The basin of Arda River is a part of the Iztochnobelomorski region (East-Aegean Sea region) in the territory of Bulgaria, comprising also the basins of rivers Maritsa and Byala. The water catchment area of Perperek River (a left-hand tributary of the artificial lake) begins from two ravines, situated in the area of the villages Cherna Niva and Daskalovo, which are with narrow beds and small inclina

ou h the land fund; later the merged river passes througllage, in somec ene village the riverbed widens. After the vi

orr ctions of the riverbed and was made afforestation. Till the village oouthwest, keeping this direction till the river runs to southeast, and after that changes to s

emptying in the bowl of the artificial lake. The flow-rate of the river is unsteady, the m being during the water-spring season and after prolonged precipitations, while

during the summer-autumn season there is a minimum. The tributaries of Perperek River are ravines with narrow beds and steep banks, which in most of the places

s. Their flow-rates are unsteady, and in the sumal waters are in springtime. The eive in the treeless forest areas and the agtio s and are a main source of alluvial mk iver. The Varbitsa River is the biggest and most higs into the upper end of the artificial lake “StudC’ site. The river network of Varbitsa River has atry – the left tributaries are high-flow and well

66

The nearest hydrometrical station, where the Varbitsa River run-off is monitored, is near the bridge of the railway station Dzhebel, 9.95 km away from its issue. The basic orohydrograpical elements of the river near this hydrometrical station have the following values: – water catching area F = 1148 km2; – river length LR = 92.4 km2;

The run-off modules of the river and its tributaries are within the order of 13.6 to 17.2 l/s/ km2.

Essential hydrographical element of the region are both artificial lakes on Arda River – “Kardjali”, situated above the town, about 5 km from LZC AD and “Studen

al admissible volume is about 117 million m ; the flooded surface is about 16 teristics for the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” are: m3, minimal admissible volume 150 million m3, 25 km2 of

com

M):

;

Kladenets” – below the town, in immediate vicinity of the LZC AD’s site. The maximal capacity of the artificial lake “Kardjali” amounts to 532 million m3, while the minim 3

2km . The respective characmaximal capacity 489 millionflooded surface. The artificial lake “Kardjali” is used before all for production of energy, supply of industrial water, fish breeding and fishing, rest and entertainment. From the “Kardjali” artificial lake comes also the industrial water for the LZC AD. The waters of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” are used for production of energy, irrigation, and supply of industrial water. In pliance with order No RD 272/03.05.2001 of the Minister of Environment and Waters for determining the design categories of the Bulgarian surface waters, the categories of the waters within the region are as follows:

- Arda River, before the town of Kardjali – II category; - Artificial lake (AL) “Kardjali” – II category; - Arda River, from the town of Kardjali till the border – III category;

- Artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” – III category; - Artificial lake “Ivailovgrad” – III category.

In 1997 were specified the following 12 stations for control of the surface waters quality by the National Automated System for Ecological Monitoring (NASE

- Arda River, in the tail of AL “Kardjali”; - AL “Kardjali”, next the dam- Arda River, after AL “Kardjali”; - Arda River, after the town of Kardjali, - AL “Studen Kladenets”, before the dam; - Arda River, after AL “Studen Kladenets”; - Varbitsa River, close to Varli Dol village; - Varbitsa River, before AL “Studen Kladenets”; - Arda River, near the bridge to Oreshary village; - Arda River, before AL “Ivailovgrad”; - AL “Ivailovgrad”, before the dam; - Arda River, after AL “Ivailovgrad”.

67

F hose stations, each year (in the beginning of each month) are taken in total 96 samples, which are analysed under 1495 indices. Controlled are temperature, active reaction (pH), dissolved oxygen, % saturation with oxygen, electrical conductivity, BOD

rom t

on of the LZC AD’s water intake – AL “Studen ladenets”. All taken after 1996 samples show compliance with its design III category as

he registered over-norm contaminations are caused by biogenic substances (forms of

circulation. They are protected from surface contamination by a

r stream of Arda River has been formed a river terrace from quaternary represented by clays, varigrained gravel with clay

egime and

inor humidity deficit, condition the main maximum of the uantities and levels of those waters. Their temperature has a tendency to equalize with

lso by precipitations and snow melting rough the contaminated soil layer in the territory of the Complex.

5, oxidizability, dissolved substances, unsolved substances, chlorides, sulphates, nitrogen (ammonia), nitrogen (nitride), nitrogen (nitrate), phosphates, phenols, cyanides, detergents, extractable substances, petrol products, heavy metals – Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn, Ni. The carried out monitoring shows a good condition of the surface waters monitored in the Arda River valley. Good is the conditiKfar as content of heavy metals is concerned. Tnitrogen, phosphates) and petrol products, which are not related to the LZC AD’s activity.

5.2.2. Underground waters

According to the hydrogeological zonating of Bulgaria, the LZC’s site falls into sub-region East Rodopa and represents an internal structural lowering built out of paleogene sediments and volcanities. The underground waters are fissure-type not long ago created, with shallow series of bentonite clays, which are practically water-impermeable, and by a series of zeolites, which are slightly water permeable. In the lowealluvial and deluveal-deluvial deposits,filler, a snd ands in layers up to 10 m. In the alluvial river deposits and the Deluvium is formed a non-pressure water bearing horizon, which if fed by surface waters. The waters in this horizon have hydraulic connection with the surface waters. Their rqualitative composition follows the course of the climatic elements, however displaced in time. During winter and spring, the abundant melting of snow and precipitations, the lower temperatures and the mqthe soil and air temperature. The Quaterner is fed ath Dynamics of the underground waters The underground waters of the quaternary water-bearing horizon in the territory of the Complex are semi-pressure, what is due to the geological structure of the earth base. Schematically it may be considered as being of two layers – one very permeable, in the base (gravel and sands with clay filler), situated 4.3 to 6.1 m below the terrain; and a second one, slightly permeable above the first (of sandy clays). The main direction of underground waters movement is from north to south. The gradient (J) of the phreatic flow in the territory of the plant’s site is 0.0082 to 0.015. In previous works has been determined a comparatively uniform filtration coefficient of the site – Kf = 3.4–7.6 m/d, and conductivity of the layer from 14.8 to 31.5 m2/d, in average 22 m2d. The total filtration consumption of the phreatic flow that crosses the territory of the complex, with adopted mean width L= 1150 m, is about 190 m2/d.

68

gravels anconstant, as the clays register a well covering screen. Below, around and under the 10 metre, the quatern ater-abundant zones. In the preof the horiz ary.

e infiltration towards the nderground waters is weak and slow.

e underground waters

LZC’s

alkaline pH reaction, low contents of biogenic

in compliance with condition 13.8.2.1 of the

ources for contaminating underground waters

For the purposes of studying and control of the soils and underground waters in the rritory of LZC AD are build piezometres, which are supposed to serve as a Local

ring Networ MN). Created is an efficient system for monitoring,

mme for monit ry of thed and is

g hitherto stud on the site boreholes are bre components

observed also some differences in the spreading of the contaminants:

The hydrogeological conditions are defined by underground waters carried by the d boulders with sand filler. The power of the water-bearing horizon is not

th

appears a layer of bentonite clay, which serves as a water retainer and separates ary water-bearing horizon from the positioned below w

vailing part of the site’s area there are conditions for the dynamic level going out on’s contours and forming a pressure tribut

From the stated above can be made a conclusion that thu

ontamination of thC The investigated underground waters are formed in the quaternary gravels, sands and sandy clays of the Arda River terrace. In the area of feeding, which is outside the site, there are neither ore, nor non-metallic mineralizations, which could alter the hydrochemical background. These natural factors for forming the composition of underground waters in the region determine the predominance of hydrocarbonate and alcium ions, neutral to weaklyc

components and heavy metals, nitrogen-oxygen gas composition and content of dissolved substances below 0,5 g/l. All investigated till now samples, taken from underground waters in the area of the site, differ in various degrees from the naturally expected. The following regularities have been established:

– Prevail sulphate and chloride ions; – Increased contents of sodium and potassium ions, of the typical for the

production of heavy metals nitrogen compounds, phenols and petrol products.

In Text Appendix No 2 are presented protocols for the monitoring of underground waters in the territory of LZC AD, carried out LZC’s Complex Permission S

teMonito k (Lprognostication, and control of the underground waters qualities, stressing on their contamination, for which purpose were built 19 piezometres on a surface of about 450 decares. A progra oring the underground waters within the territo e plant has been prepar being applied. “Geohydroconsult” ET prepared a detailed hydrogeological report, as a part of the value assessment of old ecological damages. The report is available in the LZC AD’s archive. From the existin ies, in each of the situated eing found one or mo , the content of which exceeds the regulated values of an ecological threshold (ET), and in some – the contamination threshold (CT). In line with the overall contamination are

69

• The sulphate ions are widespread, but their highest concentrations are near the sulphuric acid shop, the electrolysis shop, and the site around the former filtration-drying section;

ecipitation sewerage of the Complex.

s before their

ling installations,

ric acid as well as waters cooling the zinc electrolyIndustrsystems (thwet extraction, washing of cathodes and work sites, and the waste industrial-precipitation waters subjected t

• The lead, cadmium and zinc have all over increased content in the basic site and the WWTP, the values diminishing aside of them;

• The maximum of the copper is in the site of the lead production, around the roasting shop and the sulphuric acid shop;

• The spreading of nickel and cobalt is limited and selective. 5.2.3. Wastewaters The waste production waters of LZC AD represent a complex multi-component system with heavy salt composition. The common flow forms by collecting wastewaters from the separate production units in the industrial-prAs a result of the carried out tests of the wastewater flows has been estimated that most appropriate will be the separation of the industrial waters in two flowpurification: Conditionally clean waters – waters falling away from different coowhich are not subjected to treatment in the WWTP, namely: cooling waters from the first and second systems for production of sulpu

te. ially contaminated waters – waters obtained form washing the dust collecting

e so-called “washing acid” from scrubers, electrical filters), wastewaters from

form the LZC’s production site. They are collected into a common flow and are o treatment in the WWTP of the Complex, being sent further to the artificial en Kladenets”. lake “Stud

In the following block diagram are shown the routs of the wastewaters towards the points of their catching.

“LZC” AD

70

“ОЦК”-АД

71

ПРЕЧИСТВАТЕЛНАСТАНЦИЯ

ГРАДСКАКАНАЛИЗАЦИЯ

Промишлено-дъждовни водиБитово-фекални

води

TOWN SEWERAGE

domestic-fecal industr

Охлаждащи води

Отеждащ канал Очистени води

ец”

ewerage system in the territory of the LZC-AD is made out of concrete, stone- wear

F

ng of the dust-collecting system

and lead production) amounting to 10 368 m3/d (respectively, 3 784 320 m3 per year), the maximal hourly flow-rate being 916 m3/h.

Язовир “Студен кладен

Industrial wastewaters –

The industrial-precipitation sewerage collects wastewaters leaving the basic production shops. To it are included also the precipitation basins for catching rain waters from the open sites.

he sTand plastic pipes, as well as of concrete and brick coated collecting canals.

or washing acids coming from the sulphuric acid shop has been made a special plastic (acid-resistant) pipeline, through which is accomplished controlled disposal towards the WWTP. In the same time by this is protected the existing sewerage system from the impact of their raised acidity. Tests of the wastewater flows resulted in the estimation that the most appropriate approach is separation of the industrial waters in two flows before their purification in the WWTP.

– Conditionally clean waters – waters disposed from different cooling systems and installations, which are not liable to purification in the WWTP; – Industrially contaminated waters – waters obtained from washi

s (scrubers, electrical filters) as well as those from the wet extraction, from washing of cathodes and work sites – they are collected into a common flow and are subjected to treatment in the WWTP, and after that are delivered into the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”. The currently operating LZC AD’s production units deliver to WWTP, through the industrial-precipitation sewerage a daily-average of wastewaters (total for the zinc

ial-precipitation waters

waters

TREATMENT STATION cooling waters

treated waters disposing canal

Artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”

The av

sources and structures for obtaining drinking water as well as around sources of mineral

According to design data, in sewera

ial lake “Studen Kladenets” (III category water intake) have an average flow-rate of 429 m3/h and average content

ed violations of the MAC norms in the leaving treated water have acciden

ed there will be no reason for such occurrences. Domes

n. Treatment plant is not envisaged. In the d

0.1 mg

ke quality e three stations of the National water monitoring system:

waters in the region as follows:

erage annual amount of cooling waters is 7 568 640 m3, so the aggregate annual-average flow into the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” is 11 352 960 m3. The point of catching does not fall within the sanitary-hygienic zone around water

waters used for medical treatment, prophylactics, drinking, or hygiene. the rom the industrial-precipitation WWTP enter waters f

ge with the following characteristics:

• Industrial wastewaters with flow-rate around 120 l/s and with average composition: 3.28 mg/l Pb, 2.51 mg/l Cu, 1.65 mg/l Cd, 157 mg/l Zn, pH = 2.5;

• Rain water with a flow-rate around 40 l/s (periodically, in the rainy periods) and average composition: max. 20 mg/l Pb, max. 4 mg/l Cu, max. 0.15 mg/l Cd, max. 140 mg/l Zn.

The treated in the WWTP waters, which are sent to the artific

s of the controlled admixtures: 0.19 mg/l Pb, 0.018 mg/l Cd, 3 mg/l Zn, 0.02 mg/l Cu, and pH in the range 6.0 – 8.5. These values are within the limits of the admissible norms for a III category water intake (Pb <0.3 mg/l, Cd < 0.1 mg/l, Zn < 3 mg/l, Cu <0.5 mg/l). The establish

tal character and are due to raised acidity of the washing acids entering the WWTP. After the new shop for sulphuric acid is commission

tic-fecal wastewaters

For the domestic wastewaters there is a canal, which delivers them from LZC AD into the domestic-fecal sewerage of Kardjali tow

omestic-fecal waters are not found raised concentrations of lead and cadmium, as specified in lists I and II of Regulation 6/09.11.2000 on emission norms for admissible content of harmful and hazardous substances in the wastewaters. The average content of heavy metals with a normal flow-rate of 2.8 l/sec is: 0.2 mg/l Pb,

/l Cd, 2.5 mg/l Zn, 0.4mg/l Cu.

pact on the water intaImIn the region there ar

– Station No 30061279 – Arda River, after the town of Kardjali; – Station No 30061537 – Artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”; – Station No 74 – Capped spring “Studen Kladenets”, 0.3 km to the north of

village “Studen Kladenets” (the spring has its source from paleogene riolites).

By order of the Minister of Environment and Waters are specified the design categories of the surface

Arda River before the town of Kardjali – II category;

72

Artificial lake “Kardjali” – II category; Arda River after the town of Kardjali – III category; Artifici

after 1996 has showed that it tisfies the III cat y metals. The registered above-

waters will be reduced to some extent after commissioning the new facilities a 4

n of eventual leakage and contact with underground waters.

es

al lake “Studen Kladenets” – III category; Artificial lake “Ivailovgrad – III category.

The carried our monitoring shows a good condition of the monitored surface waters in the Arda River basin. Good is also the condition of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” as an intake of the coming from LZC wastewaters. All samples taken

sa egory requirements for content of heavnorm contaminations are due to biogenic substances (forms of nitrogen,

phosphates), and petrol products, which have no connection with the activity of the LZC AD. 5.2.4. Evaluation of the potential impact of the Investment Proposal implementation

After implementation of the Investment Proposal some essential changes in the surface and underground waters are not expected. Compared to the current production, the was e tnd enlargements, irrespectively of that the annual production capacity will increase up to5 000 t slab zinc (see p. 6.3 below).

Certain decrease in the output of the waste waters to the drainage of conditionally clean waters is expected, mainly from the cooling cycles of the plants for concentrate roasting and sulphuric acid system as well as some reduction in the domestic waste waters, mainly due to the decrease of the operating personnel (the workers for manual stripping of the cathode zinc) at the new Electrolytic Workshop.

According to the IP [Investment Proposal] the discharge of the waste washing acids (about 4 m3/h on average) will be reduced. Keeping the relatively constant discharge and constant concentration of sulphuric acid in the waste flow will enable an optimal reactant regime of the WWTP [Waste Water Treatment Plant] and thus also avoidance of accidental breaches of the norms for MAC [maximum admissible concentrations], which may be observed under conditions of the current production.

The renovated drainage in the areas of the new production facilities (the Sulphuric Acid and Electrolytic workshops) as well as the new surface insulation and bunds of the sites wi l preclude infiltratiol

5.3. Mineral wealth – geological base and subsurface resourc

5.3.1. Geological base Geological and petrographical structure of the area of LZC [Led-Zinc Combine]

AD is a result of tectonic and volcanic process during the Tertiary and the Archean Era. In the Eocene the East Rhodopes were covered by an Eocene sea that deposited limestones and sands. The ingression of the Eocene sea were preceded and accompanied by active volcanic activity and eruption of large masses of lava. Because of that the rocks of the three main types – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic – occur in the area. The igneous rocks are represented by andesite and rhyolite, volcanic tuffs; the sedimentary ones – by limestones, lime marls, marls, sandstones, tuffs, tuff breccias, sand and gravel and the metamorphic ones – by marbles, gneisses and granite gneisses.

73

74

sedime

The Quaternary sediments occur over the Paleogene ones and are represented by alluvial and delluvial materials.

The alluvium is represented by middle-sized to large-sized gravels, on some places mixed with boulders, with sandy-clayish to clayish-sandy joining material. They occur directly on the marl-sandy sediments of the Paleogene and are of thickness from 1.5 to 5.0 m.

The delluvial sediments are represented mainly by an alteration of dust and sandy clays and [clear] sands. The clays are beige to brown in colour with hard plastic to hard consistency. In the upper layers of the clays some limestone inclusions may be found. The sands are middle- to coarse-grained, on some places mixed with gravels and in its better part are clayed. The delluvium is from 2.6 m to about 6.0 m thick

The total thickness of the alluvial and delluvial sediments reaches 10.0 m. In the deep layers of those materials the fundaments of the main plants – the workshop buildings, reactors, thickeners, collectors and tanks – have been laid. In accordance with the results of the former surveys, as a consequence of past construction mounds have been formed, which reach a thickness of 5 – 15 m on some spots.

5.3.2. Subsurface natural resources

Within the territory of LZC AD there are no subsurface natural resources. The geological base may be considered as a potential source of inert materials for construction. Such extraction is not a subject of the Investment Proposal being examined and is not expedient with regard to environmental protection. In the vicinity of the site, in north – north-east direction, there is a bentonite deposit that is exploited and processed by Bentonit AD – the town of Kardjali. That activity also has no relation to the Investment Proposal.

The bedding rocks bring significant influence to formation of the different types of soils with various depth, acidity and mechanical composition. The soil types are represented by alluvial, alluvial meadow, alluvial-delluvial, leached maroon forest soils and rendzina soils.

The geological surveys within the area of plant site of LZC AD (archival data) have found the following geological and lithological varieties.

Paleogenе

The Paleogene sediments on the site are represented by limestones, bentonite clay and marl-sandy sequence. The limestones are white to beige-pink in colour, very dense, without ute а bed, on which the marl-sandy karst phenomena therein. They constit

nts, covered with bentonite clay, occur. The marl-sandy sequence is represented by blue-green marls, dense, with sandy

streaks with thickness of 0.2 – 0.3 mm. The bentonite clay is light yellow in colour, with hard-plastic to hard consistency,

on some places with middle-sized sand. The thickness is up to 1.5 m. The thickness of the sediment that covers the limestones within the site area is

about 20 m.

uaternary Q

5.3.3. Evaluation of the potential impact during the construction stage and during

the operation stage of the project The new installations and the reconstructed operating ones according to the IP of

the Zinc Plant will be situated within the site of LZC AD, for which the company has a notary deed of ownership – No. 12 /1998 (see Text Appendix No. 1). During the construction stage excavation and filling works for funding the buildings and structures at small depths are envisaged, by which the state of the geological base and the underground waters will not be actually damaged. During the construction the use of external road connections as well as affecting the areas outside the territory of the Complex are [also] not envisaged.

During the project operation for all the equipments (inside and outside the buildings – thickener, jarosite reactors, collecting vats and tanks etc.), in which a potential hazard for technologic solution leakage exists, fitting with an acid-resistant bund and with a system (collecting sump with a pump) is envisaged for returning the solutions to the main flow.

5.4. Lands and soils 5.4.1. Evaluation of the current state of the lands and soils within the area of the

LZC AD The site of the project under the Investment Proposal “Modernization and

Enlargement of the Zinc Plant of LZC AD – Kardjali” will be within the territory of the operating production facilities of the company, which territory is located on a flat terrain, smoothly sloping down to the south towards the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake and with changing topography forms in the north. In its higher part it is flat, gradually sloping down to the north-west. Within that relatively small space insignificant soil diversity is found. A soil map of the area is presented in Figure 5.4-1.

According to the soil-geographic zoning of Bulgaria the area of the site belongs to the South Bulgarian xerothermal zone, Central Bulgarian sub-zone of maroon forest soils and smolnitsa soils and in the agroecological regions of the maroon forest soils. In respect of their state of erosion the soils are moderately and heavily eroded. By taxation grouping of the agricultural lands those soils fall into to the forth and to a less extent – to third taxation groups (4 – poor lands with taxation grades 20 – 40 points and 3 – intermediate lands with taxation grades 40 – 60 points).

In the area of LZC Kardjali, according to the made survey, two type of soils may be found – maroon forest strongly leached soils, moderately sandy clayish – slightly eroded and alluvial-meadow – sandy and sandy-clayish. Near the site of the LZC, around the road Kardjali - Shiroko pole and in the town of Kardjali itself anthropogenic soils are found. Alluvial-meadow soils are located around the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake, along the course of the Arda River and its tributaries. Both their [soil] formation and features are connected with the river floods and with the dynamics of the dam-lake level.

Maroon Forest Soils (Chromic Luvisols) As a result of intensive erosion and denudation the maroon forest soils in the area

are extremely shallow and underdeveloped, slightly and moderately stony, light by its mechanical composition – clayish-sandy and lightly sandy-clayish (10-30% content of physical clay), less frequently to moderately sandy-clayish (30-40% physical clay);

75

they have unsound and dispersed crumb-and-grain structure, poorly and slightly humus (below to slightly above 1% humus content; with alkaline to neutral and slightly acid рН ater) within the range 6,3–7,5, only occasionally up to 5,5 or 8,0; they are

sediments, dolomites and limestones. (in w

formed on old alluvial and delluvial

76

76

[Figure 5.4.1 - Map of soils within the area of the town of Kardjali with sampling points, in scale 1:60 000.

Key: Alluvial and alluvial-meadow soils Maroon

ost often Pliocene and Quaternary sediments. he leached maroon forest soils within the area of Kardjali are low-fertile,

therefore a diversity of agricultural crops may not be found on them. The more essential fact ab t distribution, less than 1 % of the soil cover of the region, on terrains with slopes between 3 and 6°. The depth of the humus-elluvial horizon that of the soil profil 23 - 25 cm - 80 res el m ica po f the sur o moderately san ayi e act ng m te d ut (i aries b e nd

ording da th nd c str e soi th F icultFund] are classified as lands of the sixth grade. In respect of ir r a m

РД-00-11 because of the li anical oderately acid to neutral reaction, lowered buffer capacity, those soils are

a the fourth an rd class of resistance. he shallow non ded to slightly erode derately leached ma on forest

not frequently found – about 3% of the soil cover of the quarry. The soils of that variety are distinguished for

forest leached eroded soils Anthropogenic (recultivated) soils Rendzinas Pollution limits – 3 MAC (according to P. Bozhinova, 1994) Sampling points Tailing storage and affected plots]

The humus horizon depth of the arable lands is about 25-28 cm, while the depth of the soil profile – about 60-90 cm, the humus horizon being affected and secondarily formed as a result of erosion and deep cultivation and include also a part of the transitional illuvial B horizon. The structure in the fallow land is dispersedly grained, while in the deep layers – cloddy. The humus horizon of the virgin lands has a depth of up to 35 cm and its illuvial horizon is significantly thicker, has a clayish mechanical composition and maroon colour. The lower C horizon is represented by eroded products of the soil-forming rocks – m

T

out the moderately leached maroon forest soils is that they have rather insignifican

and e areh and 75 cm

dy-clpectivsh. Th

y. Thesoil re

7

echanion ra

l comes fro

sition o modera

face to ne

rizon isral– рНly aci

n water) vc

etwe n 5.6 ata

.0. eAc to from la ada e thos ls in

thee ACesist

[Agr ural ical nce to che

ght mechpollution, pursuant to Instruction No com

/1994, position, m

ssigned to d thiT

soils ar-ero d mo ro

ethin (15 - 20 cm), slightly humus and lightly sandy-clayish

humus-elluvial horizon. The depth of the soil profile exceeds 45 - 50 cm. The soil reaction is neutral and slightly alkaline– рН (in water) is 6.5 – 7.7.

In the land fund they are classified as lands of the ninth grade. Since these soils are by their characteristics the nearest to the rankers, it would be most appropriate that they also be assigned to the fifth grade by [their] resistance against chemical pollution

The complex of shallow maroon forest soils and shallow, moderately and heavily eroded underdeveloped maroon forest soils is widely distributed and occupies more than 30 % of the soil cover within the area of LZC AD - Kardjali.

77

The most typical features for them are: low-deep (8-12 cm), poorly expressed and non-formed, poor humus and humus-elluvial horizon, low-deep (15 - 25 cm) soil profile; nearly structureless and light mechanical composition (clayish-sandy); slightly acid, neutral to alkaline soil reaction– рН (in water) – 6,5 - 7,8. The land with those soils is assigned to 10th degree and 5th class by their resistance against chemical pollution.

Alluvial -meadow soils (Fluvisol)

They occupy the flood and above-flood terraces of the rivers Arda, Varbitsa and the small shallow rivers and gullies north of the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake. They have been formed by the alluvial river sediments with participation of meadow vegetation under conditions of permanent and sufficient moistening of the river deposits. They belong to the type Saturated (Eutric) – with a light-coloured humus horizon and рН ≥ 5,2 or V ≥ 50 % within all horizons depths of up to 75 cm from the surface. Their profile is incomplete. On the surface the organic humus horizon with a medium depth of 20 cm is present. The thickness of the soils around the rivers varies strongly due to the inconsistent discharge of the river and its torrential movement in the rainy periods.

These soils are susceptible to erosion, which fact should be considered in performing the construction and installation activities and production processes.

Anthropogenic soils (Antrosols)

Distributed nearly all over the territory of the site, on which the Investment y of

tonit AD. Belong to the type of urbanogenic (Urbic antrosols) and technog

ected during excava

are composed of layers various in their composition, origin and propert

ithin the area the profile is of the type Aat(A)BCD. They are characterized by enlarged sandy and skeletal fraction, worsened structural condition, high porosity that, due to prevalence of the coarse pores, is inactive, decreased content

Proposal will be implemented and are in a direct connection with the long-year activitLZC AD and Ben

enic (Technogenic antrosols) soils. They have been formed as a consequence of anthropogenizaton of the maroon forest and alluvial-meadow soils due to aerosol pollution with lead and other toxic elements from excavation and filling activities and waste of construction and domestic nature. During the actual process of anthropogenization under the influence of the production activity of LZC AD the soil profile of the natural soils was slightly changed and the anthropogenization manifests itself mainly as changes in the soil-forming process. Therefore these anthropogenic soils have properties, near in their nature to those of the natural ones. The most of the “new substrates” have distinct genetic profile. On the contrary, those aff

tion and filling works and construction activities on the site do not possess genetic horizons. They

ies, depending on the embanked materials. In the anthropogenized soils w

of humus, total nitrogen and absorbable phosphorus, increased quantities of lead, zinc and cadmium and other heavy metals, various values of pH, significantly lowered biogenity and microbiologic activity, re-grouping of the species composition is also observed. There is a change in the temperature, water and air regimes.

78

Salinated, overmoistened and acidified soils within the area of the Investment Proposal exist in the south part of the site of LZC AD – the plot between the production facilities and the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake. The soils are polluted by the economic activities of LZC AD and by the intensive traffic.

It become clear from the scientific studies of the N. Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, in particular from the one of 1994, that LZC AD had contaminated the soils mainly with lead, zinc and cadmium. The dust and gas emissions released by the production facilities of the Complex have contributed to the contamination of the soils, affecting their agrochemical properties. The main pollution should be searched in the direction of the prevailing winds, which for that region are to the north and north-west of the town. The study in question ascertained that the metals had concentrated mainly in two subregions – Kardjali subregion with 14 constitutive lands and Gledka subregion with 10 constitutive lands. The author took in consideration both the direction of the prevailing winds and background pollution and soil acidity, since MAC of the heavy metals in the soils depend on the last [factor] (Ordinance No. 3/1979 for Norms regarding the adm ubstances in soil, amended SG [State Gazette] No. 39/200 lightly alkaline reaction prevail mg/kg and for cadmiu

issible content of harmful s2. In the area of Kardjali the soils with neutral and s, hence the admissible norm for lead is 80 mg/kg, for zinc - 340m– 3 mg/kg [1,2,3] Table 5.4-1. Content of lead, zinc and cadmium in the area of Kardjali, mg/kg (according to data from [1, 2])

Pb Zn Cd Region min max avera

ge min max averag

e min max averag

e Kardjali 31 1150 136 47 3300 302 0,2 25 1,3Gledka 36 875 96 60 1650 161 0,2 26 0,8Backgrou

nd 26 - 40 8 - 85 0,1 - 0,2

Average 35 62 0,19 MAC-

Norm 80 340 3

The surveys have shown that there are plots within the region of Kardjali, the soils

of whiThe are

within the range of the natural background, there are not any significant differences in the metal content in the soils. The average concentrations evidence, however, near and more distant impact of the ambient imissions in the area on the soils, in accordance with their location in relation to the plant (remoteness and wind direction). Multiple analyses have revealed that within the lands of the town of Kardjali about 40 % of samples are with heavy metal content below MAC and about 60 % – above MAC, due to which the latter need be severely restricted for the purposes of land use.

ch are contaminated with lead, zinc and cadmium above MAC, while nearly all [levels of contamination] are over the background concentrations (Table 5.4-1). presented data demonstrate that, with respect to the minimum concentrations which

79

In connection with implementation of the Programme for Elimination of Ec f Pr the us surveys on soil contam

rms for the em

ion of the IP f r “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant of LZC AD – Kardjali” will not take place. In addition, the soils will be impaired comparatively to a lesser extent than in case of operation of the electrolytic workshop and the workshop of sulphuric acid following the previous technology.

ological Damages Caused by Previous Activities or Inactivities Until the Time oivatization of LZC AD – Kardjali a plan for remediation of contaminated areas within Complex has been developed and implemented. Basing on the results from previo

se an anaination and land u lysis of ecological conditions within the region is made and some methods and technologies for restricting the impact of soil contamination with heavy metals (lead, zinc, cadmium) on the farming production via appropriate land reclamation measures for cleaning the lands or proper land use are proposed.

Presently the farming [sector] is fractured, smallholder and very poorly mechanized. It is represented mainly by tobacco production and to a less extent by vine-growing, fruit-growing and market-gardening. The previously cultivated lands have been abandoned and turned into pastures and meadows. In pursuance of the Programme for Elimination of Ecological Damages Caused by Previous Contaminations a register and certificate of the heavily contaminated lands has been made with preparation of a map with delineated boundaries of the lands subject to remediation, with total area of 160 ha. Within its range fall the Gledka region (the south shore of the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake), lands north of the industrial area of the town, plots south-west of the operating tailing storage of Goroubso, plots north-east of Kardjali and such ones south of Glouhar village. Along with the specific methods of remediation of the heavily contaminated lands a scheme for soil and crop production monitoring has been suggested.

5.4.2. Forecast assessment of the supposed impact after the Investment Proposal implementation

The Investment Proposal for “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant at LZC AD – Kardjali” envisages technological renovation and enlargement of some basic units of the operating zinc production. The IP is substantially of clearly expressed ecological nature, in which the environmental component impacts, incl. those on the soils, will be significantly reduced compared to the presently running production. It is envisaged that its implementation should be within the territory of the operating industrial site of the Partnership. In this case the impact on soils will be as low as possible. Irrespectively of that and considering the IP, the following probabilities of soil pollution within the territory of the envisaged enlargement and around it are present:

During the day-by-day operation – in case of eventual exceeding of the noissions; Mainly in emergency situations – through discharge of contaminated waters and

through pollution of the ambient air. Significance of the impacts on soils

Judging by the formulation about the use of the Partnership’s property (Deed of Ownership No 12/98) actual changes in the intended use of the land in implementat

o

80

Nevertheless, it may be assumed that during the construction phase it is possible that certain [negative] changes should occur in the lands and soils of the plant site itself and, due to infiltration of contaminated waters – in the soils of the lower territories south of the site. The land and soil degradation during the construction stage would be not only within the plots of the facilities being erected, but also in the inter-facility spaces due to the traffic of constructional mechanical means. After the completion of the construction stage, the construction site recultivation and landscape arrangement the pollution would be only xcepting in cases of eventual emergencies. For those reasons and in connection with the monitoring and control of the pollution due to the Investment Proposal e recommend investigation of the soil state in the area of the IP at depths 10 and 50 (at the beginning of the m and consequently –

e layer only (10-15 cm) every 5 years for reporting eventual l monitoring. For a ties that soil samples should be taken and analyzed in respect of

ompliance with thition;

ua

umus and of the basic microelements; nductivity;

metals – lead, cadmce of the permit for peration the soils must be

w times the hei sources from the plot. The examination shall

e urface pollution), mechanical composition, h macroelements, pH and heavy metals – Pb,

[Sc Science and Agroecology]. Study of the Soil and Crop Production Contamination with Heavy Metals

ardja of the Contamination Level and Recommendations on the Land Using – Kardjali subregion , 1994;

udy of the Soil and Crop Production Contamination with Heavy Metals in the Region of the LZC – Kardjali, Determination of the

mendations sing – Gledka subregion , 199

dy of Water and LZC – 5.0202.20, 999;

domestic, e

implementation, wonitoring)

investigation of the surfacs and for soicontamination start, prior to commissioning the facili

e inunder the IP, it is necessarythe following indices and in c

– Mechanical compos– Relative de

ternational standards:

nsity and maxim– Acidity (рН factor in water – Content of h

m hygroscopic capacity; nd in КСl) and sorption capacity;

– Electric co– Content of heavyPrior to issuan

ium, zinc. the project o

examined both on the plot itself andght of the emission

ithin the radius (in meters) of about 7-10 the boundary of

involve density (since the lands are ndangered by compaction and mechanical sumus,

Cd, Zn. References used: N. Poushkarov SRISSA ientific Research Institute of Soil

in the Region of the LZC – K li, Determination

N. Poushkarov SRISSA. St

Contamination Level and Recom4;

on the Land U

Phare – Stu Soil Contamination in the region of the OSS No BG 9805-01-01-01-02, Report 1Kardjali, REC Project No 8

81

natural areas

development of the flora and vegetation in the region of the Kardjali basin in the geo age. This stage is charactPaleozoic and Mesozoic. By its type in the different parts the vegetation may be classified as bore

The area of the implementation of the Investment Proposal of LZC AD, by its geobotforest regithis zone o est formations of pedunculate oak (Quercus pedunculiflora Ehrh.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and mixed forests as well as

orests of Europe ti dyal th

ThStouden K(20000 ha, the Valchi Dol reserve (777.4 ha) that has a national protection status and

[State F

Paliurus spina–christi), which are mixed with wild jasmine (Jasminum frutican

e region open areas, occupied by farming lands and meadow

ous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa) etc. (Bondev, 1991; Gyuleva, Petrovа

” and “rare species” in the following Table 5.5-1.

5.5. Plant and animal communities, protected 5.5.1. Evaluation of the state and assessment of impact on the vegetation in the

region The logical past falls into to the Neozoic stage1, Paleogene substerized by comparatively richer flora than that of the preceding stages – the

al mountain and nemoral (mesophyte, xeromesophyte and xerotherm).

anical zoning (Geography of Bulgaria, 2002) falls into the European Deciduous on, Macedonian-Thracian province, East Rhodopean district, Kardjali area. In f prevalence are xeromesophyte for

mesophyte forests of Moesian beech (Fagus moesiaca Czеcz.). The xerotherm fan Black pine (Pinus nigrikans Host.) occur on a smaller scale and in the Zhalere are some forests of birch (Betulus verrucosa Ehrh.).

e project under the Investment Proposal is in the immediate vicinity of the ladenets dam-lake – a part of a CORINE site and of the Arda River valley

comprises the territories of: the Dzhenda SGP [State Game Preserve], Kroumovgrad SFD orest District], Momchilgrad SFD and Haskovo SFD (P. Yankov et al. 1997)). It

is situated between the northern and southern boundaries of the special protected zone BG0002013 “Stouden Kladenets”.

The mountain areas around the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake (2/3 of the territory of the mountainous slopes around the same) comprise:

– Secondary deciduous mixed forests of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), Frainetto oak (Quercus frainetto) or sessile oak (Quercus daleshampii) with Mediterranean elements;

– On some places forests and shrubs of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Jerusalem thorn (

s), prickly juniper (Juniperus oxicedrus) combined with xerograss formation with Mediterranean elements – for example pink rockrose (Cistus incanus);

– Rock complexes of single rocks and stony screes – scanty of vegetation; – Dispersed all over ths, overgrown with xerotherm grass communities with prevalence of beard-grass

(Dichantium ishaetum), bulb, 1996). The traditional farming is maintained within this region. In historical perspective there are some changes in the flora. Basing on data from

the Red Data Book of PRB (Vol. 1, 1984) the endangered flora in Kardjali region is classified as “endangered species

1 It is more correctly to name that unit “period” – Translator’s note

82

During the made survey of the region of ZSC AD as well as basing on questionnaire and reference studies of the project, which, in accordance with the nature of its induData Booaccordingindustriall

Ta

L

strial activity, is anthropogenically loaded, no plant species described in the Red k of PRB (Vol. 1, 1984) have been found. The sites of the new facilities, to the Investment Proposal, are parts of the plant plot and situated on an y contaminated terrain.

ble 5.5-1 Endangered flora in Kardjali region

evel of threat / Plant species Location

Endangered species: Common rue (Ruta graveolensis L.)

East and Central Rhodopes, up to 500 m

Gentle mullein (Verbascum humilae Janka)

Sousam village – rocky, dry and grassy spots

Mountainous chamomile (Anthemis orbelica, Panc.)

Around Kardjali, grassy and rocky spots

Rare species: Provence orchid (Orchis

proEast Rhodopes (Chakarlovo village)

vincialis Balb.) up to 500 m Strandzha soapwort (Saponaria

stranjensis D.Jord.) East Rhodopes (along the Varbitsa river, Podkova village)

Rose Daphne (Daphne cneorum L.) Rhodopes, stony and rocky spots, 900-2000 a.s.l..

Panchichi’s Angelica (Angelica pancicii Vand.)

Rhodopes, wet and shady spots, 700-2000 m a.s.l

Wild redbud (Cercis siliquastrum Haskovo SFD –L.)

artificially afforested

Thracian milkweed (Astragalus thracicus Grieseb)

Vodentsi village

Thacian milfoil (Achillea thracica Vel.)

Haskovo SFD

Rhodopean toothwort (Lathraea rhodopaea Dingler.)

Haskovo SFD

Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladona L.)

Rhodopes – forests, clearings, on wet and sheltered spots that are rich of nutrients

Rumelian chamomile (Anthemis rumelica (Vel.)

Stoj. et Ach.)

East Rhodopes (Zlatograd, Momchilgrad) – on rocky, grassy and sandy places in the zone of mixed oak forests up to 1000 m a.s.l.; Stouden Kladenets Dam-lake, Stouden Kladenets village. (*)

(*) According to Gyuleva, Petrova, 1996 within the Stouden Kladenets IBA [Important Bird Area] the rare plant species Rhodopean haberlea, Haberlea rhodopensis is found.

83

Forecast assessment of the impact on the vegetation in the region

The im act significance during the construp ction stage may be expressed in concrete terms as follo

pletion of the

pact duration – long-term (till the depletion of the production resource); ssessment of the cumulative and combined environmental impacts –

transfer of pollutants by water and air; essentially reduced inc plant.

5.5.2. Evaluation of the state and asse pact on the fauna in the region According to the zoogeographic zoning the region of the Investment Proposal

f e . Th the rivers Maritsa, Toundzand Arda are natural corridors for penetration of [representatives of] Mediterranean fauna from the south. This is the very reason for that about 50% of hyme

e) and 54 % of the heteropterans are of Mediterranean species, while in teran (Orthoptera) those species reach 4 %. In nesting birds the Me terra

lex comprises 24 %, which put the regi e after the Strum regi and in rodents this category of pec s re ches 2 %, w

Endemites are concentrated mainly iEast Rhodopes.

Euro- an European species h vaded mainly from the west, more specif ly hr o ai S -w u ria ia somspecies, wh c re ori is ewhere in the regio t A r entral

Within the territory of the Stouden Kladenets 205 bird species were foun, 199 , fr which: – 52 species are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria (1985); – 117 species are of European conserva on im orta ce – SPE acco din, Heath, 1994 (from which SPEC 1 – 6 species, SPEC 2 – 18 species, SPEC 3

SP 4 38 ecies .

ws: Territorial range – within the area of LZC AD - Kardjali ; Impact level – positive change in the industrial landscape within the specified

territorial range; Impact duration – with a restricted term (until com

construction); Impact rate - high (excavation of earth masses, construction and installation

works and recultivation activities) with regular impact (in accordance with the construction schedule).

The impact significance during the operation stage of the IP is distinguished by:

ImA

regulated[pollutants] compared to presently operating production of the Z

ssment of the im

alls into th South region, Thracian area e valleys of ha

nopterous insects (Apoidaorthop s 6 di nean comp on in the second plac a-

hich n the

Meis not ascertained in the neighboring zones.

sta on. In insectivores s ie a 2

Siberi and ere have inicalich

, tent

ough the mgin

unt ns in outh est B lga . Vhe

thatlps o

routeof C

e of som n of

Europe, also spread in the past. d (P.

Yankov 7) om

ti p n C r g to Tuckerspecies и

– 55 EC – sp )

84

The place is of global importanc e for the Mediterranean region:

7 biome-r str ies (of total 9 typical of that z heri d B -e d ea ( h a e-tree Warbler ( ppolais o torum), Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans), Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia melanocephala), Rock Nuthatch (neumayer), Masked Shrike (Lanius nubicus), Black-headed Bun(Emberiza melanocepha );

The area of the Stouden Kladenets is one of the five most important plactork (Ciconia nigra), Egyptian Vu

(Neophron percnopterus Eur pean Eagle owl ub bub , Blu RThrush (Monticola solitarius), Olive-tree Warbler (Hippolais olivetorMasked Shrike (Lanius nubicus) nest.

According to the questionnaire data that in lude t e Zlatogra SFD Laki FDhilgrad SDF, in the higher parts of the mountain the game mammalsnted in lim ed n mbers by: the roes (Car elus carpeolus L.) and wild boars

L.). In the lower parts the hare (Lepus europaeus L.), Eastern European hedgs e racu con olor Martin), weasel (M stela ivali L.) badg (Me s m

(Vulpes vulpes L.) may be found. There are reports about the occurrence of en jackal (Canis aureus Canis lupus L , otte (L L.) that breed in the region.

From e tile the tois ], gra and ice nake [Nat x spia snake [ , com on v per, rne vip r, com on

uropean Green lizard are found. he representatives of the ornithofauna include the Thrushes, family Turdidae.

After c Arda River and enlargement of the fish resources the black storks (Cicon ed too. From the birds of prey the Lesser Spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina Brehm , Long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus L.) etc. may

h er is also a migrat ute for wat seres) and shore birds (Lim al proximity [parts of] two of pean (main) igration routes of the birds of passage – Via Pon nd Via Balk e located.

e there a in the sing on dat rom the Red Data Book of PRB (Vol. 2, 1985), the conservation status categories of the endang

o the birds and animals described in Table 5.5-2, the species Long-fingered bat [Myotis he same authors recomm

– U of livelihopurpose; [

the regionnature-frie

e as a representative biom

eing

icted speclack

one) are fouisp

ndOliv

e, nclu the

Hi are Wh tear Oenan the nica),

liveSitta ting

es in la

this country, where the Black S lture ock-um),

), o (B o o) e

c h d , S and Momcreprese

are (Sus it u p

scrofa(Erinaceu

ehog eles u s c u n s , er le

L.), foxGollutra

d L.), about the passing wolves ( .) rs utra

th rep s tor e [Testudo spp. ss d s s2 ri pp.], Aesculalizard and E

n Elaphe longissima] m i ho d e m wall

Tleaning the

ia nigra L.) are beginning to return; herons, cormorants and gulls have appear)

be found. T e Arda Riv ion ro erfowl (An

icolae). In geographic the Euro mtica a anica – ar

In historical perspectiv re changes fauna. Ba a f

ered animals are given below in Table 5.5-2. According to Yankov et al. (1997) in addition t

capaccinii) is found in the Stouden Kladenets IBA. Tend that the IBA in question should be put:

nder protection with appropriate restrictions that allow the traditional forms od of the local inhabitants and the use of the game reserve according to its

and that] – The future forest husbandry plans and projects for sustainable development of

[should be based on] the traditional forms of livelihood of local population and ndly tourism.

pecies in Bulgaria are known as “water snakes” and in the original text that2 Both s name is used in

singular, without any indications which species it concerns. – Translator’s note

85

During the made survey within the territory of the plant where the sites of the new facilitieanimal spethe enviro

jarosite cakes prior to disposal will result in a betteanimal

Ta

s would be situated as well as basing on questionnaire and reference studies no cies described in the Red Data Book of PRB (Vol. 2, 1985) have been found in

nment that surrounds the plant.

Forecast assessment of the impact on the fauna in the region

The general impacts and affected part of the project area concerning the project itself with currently running technologies of LZC AD – pursuant to documentation for BG 0002013 “Stouden kladenets” - are compared in Table 5.5-3 below

The project under the Investment Proposal is clearly ecologically-oriented. Its implementation will result in much lower dust and gas emissions of the Zinc Plant as a whole. The IP implementation would contribute to facilitation of the WWTP operation and hence to restriction of eventual pollution of the water reservoir – the Stouden Kladenets dam-lake. The stabilization of the

r waste management and thus in improvement of the living conditions of the s.

ble 5.5-2 Conservation status of the endangered animals in the Thracian region (according to Nankinov, 2000)

Conservation status

Local International No Taxons

DC ECE Location

ЗЗП ЧК

List IUCN

BERN E

‘92

CITES

BONN

CODE

‘92

DCE ‘79

ETS SPEC Ram-

sar

Red

1. Osteichtyes 1.1. Anguilla

anguilla river 3 Sazliyka

1.2. Cyprinus carpio

st – throughout this

3 In the pa

country Conservation status

Local International

No Taxons ЗЗП N E S N E E S SPEC sar

ation ЧК

Red List IUC

BER DC CITE BONECE COD DC ET Ram- Loc

N ‘92 ‘92 ‘79

2. Reptilia 2.1. Elaphe

longissima the

country up to 2000 m a.s.l.

• 3 ІІ ІV All over

2.2 Coluber najadum • The whole

region 2.3 M

mnu

places out the

region

alpolon onspesula-m Henm.

• On stonythrough

3. Columbifor s me3.2. Buteo

rufinus 3

Stouden Kladenets dam-lake, Valchi dol reserve, Kroumovgrad

86

Conservation status

Local International No

К IUC N ‘92 S N E ‘79 S sar

tion Taxons ЗЗП Ч

Red List BER DC

E CITE BONECE COD DCE ET SPEC Ram-

Loca

N ‘92 SFD

3.3 Tferruginea Pall.

Stouden Kladenets dam-lake, Kardjali

adorna

3

dam-lake 3.4 Aythia feru

L. ouden

s dam-jali

e

na St

3 Kladenetlake, Karddam-lak

3.6 Cuculus ca

ous norus L.

Ubiquitwithin the region

3.7 Ixminutus L.

Stouden Kladenets dam-lake

obrihus

3.8 Pru Beside water odiceps

finus Palla s bodies 4. Mammalia 4.1. M

m

gions

artes artes • 3 ІІІ V •

Everywhere inthe mountain forest re

4.2. Lutra lutra • 3 ІІ ІІ, ІV І Zlatograd

region 4.3. C Zlatograd

region anis lupus 3

ble 5.5-3 Ta

Total impacts and affected part of the Stouden Kladenets PZ [Protected Zone]

Code Name Intensity Impact % 700 Pollution low negative 1 701 Water pollution moderate negative 5 702 Air pollution low negative 5 703 Soil contamination moderate negative 5

Significance of the impact during the construction stage may be detailed as

follows: Territorial range – within the boundaries of the plant site;

on the fauna in the region;

construction schedule).

pact significance during the operation stage is distinguished by:

Impact level – a positive change in the industrial landscape within the specified territorial range; it does not reflect

Impact duration – within a restricted term (until completion of the construction);

Impact rate – high (excavation of earth masses, construction and installation works and local recultivation activities) with regular impact (according to the

Im

87

Impact duration – long-term (till the depletion of the production resources); sessment of the cumulative and combined As environmental impacts –

5.5.3.

in the radius of 5 kmimplemKladen ts ich the Valchi dol with [an area of] 774.7 falls) – a place of globa

jali;

ental Protection] (SG

ral habitat of the European Silver Fir in the lands of

As a result of the activities in pursuance of the Investment Proposal an

improvis expecte

controlled transfer of pollutants by water and air; essentially reduced [pollutants] compared to presently operating production of the Zinc Plant.

Evaluation of the state and forecast assessment of the impact on the protected

areas (PA) and the National Ecological Network (NEN) In accordance with [regulations published in] the SG No. 133/98 (amended SG

98/1999 ; SG 28/2000; Georgiev Т., 2004; St. Vasileva et al., 1994) [the plot] with from the site of LZC AD, on which the Investment Proposal would be

ented, is a part of the CORINE site от “Arda River valley” (the Stouden dam-lake with an area of 20 000 ha, into whe

l importance as a representative biome for the Mediterranean region.

In geographical proximity there are: the Adiantus protected locality (1.5 ha), declared by Order 11114 of CEP

[Committee on Environmental Protection] (SG 101/81). It is a natural habitat of the Southern Maidenhair fern [Adiantum capillus-veneris] within the lands of Kard

the Chamlaka maintained reserve (5.4 ha), declared by Order No 2245 of 13 Dec 1956 (amended SG 28/2000). It constitutes a natural black pine forest (having an age of 150 years) - a remnant of old natural black pine forest - near to Vodenicharsko village;

Natural sights: − Kardjaliyski zemni piramidi [Kardjali Earth Pyramids] (5 ha), declared

by Order No 1427 of the CEP, SG 44/1974 – they [the pyramids] are rock formations of volcanic tuffs within the lands of Zimzelen village;

− Kaleto (22,4 ha), declared by Order No 1799 of the MFFI [Ministry of Forestry and Forest Industry] (SG 59/72). Rock formations in the lands of Ustren village;

− Hvoynata [The Juniper] (0,8 ha), declared by Order No 4051 of the MFEP [Ministry of Forestry and Environm29/1974). A natural habitat of the blue juniper in the lands of the village of Nane;

− Elata [The Fir] (0,5 ha), declared by Order No 282 of CEP (SG 45/1979). A natuKardjali (the Kelyavia drenak locality).

− Stouden Kladenets Protected Zone.

ement in the state of the protected areas and the Stouden Kladenets Protected Zone d.

88

Forecast Assessment

mmissioning of the new Roasting and [Sulphuric] acid workshops and of the trolytic workshop would reduce the [harmful] emissions and environmental ring the construction stage the significanc

Conew Elecpollution.

followsTeIm

Im installation works, and rec ltivation activities on the site of LZC AD) of regular nature;

5.6. W

[Complex Prevention and Control of Pollution permit] (BREF Сode Njarosite ca ore suitable for ecological management as hazardous wastes the requireby Ordina

(for tem

Du e of the impacts may be assessed as :

rritorial range – within the boundaries of LZC AD – Kardjali; pact level – changed topography of the site;

Impact duration – within a limited term (until completion of the construction); pact rate – high (excavation and filling, construction and

uDuring the operation stage – the cumulative and combined environmental impacts

would be justified by the reduced volume of emission and restriction of the environmental pollution.

astes Factor

5.6.1. Wastes from the Zinc Plant of LZC AD – current situation The waste management at LZC AD is regulated in CP [Complex Permit] No

124/2006, in which all the activities in the processes of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal are covered.

Basing on [definitions in] Ordinance No 3 of 01 Apr 2004 of MEW and MH for waste classification, the following types of hazardous wastes are generated at the Zinc Plant of LZC AD:

Sludges from the zinc hydrometallurgy (including jarosite and goethite) –

code: 11 02 02*. The management of this waste material is implemented pursuant to condition

11.3.15 of CM No 124/2006. Quantities generated – 0.7 t/t zinc. After stabilization they are stored at a temporary landfill within the Zinc Plant. The waste Jarosite cakes, as relative quantities (per tone of slab zinc) are managed in compliance with the requirements of CPCP

FM p.5.2.4.1 – from 0.35 to 0.8 t per tone zinc produced). After stabilization the kes are significantly m

than the zinc ferrite cakes. Stabilization of the jarosite cake prior to disposal meets ments of EC-Directive 1999/31 of 26 Apr 1999, implemented for this country

nce No 8/2005

Wastes from the copper hydrometallurgy, which contain hazardous substances (copper cake) – code: 11 02 05*.

Management of this waste material is implemented pursuant to conditions 11.3.16 porary storage) and 11.5.1 (for sale) of CM No. 124/2006. Generated quantities -

0, 022 t/t zinc. They would remain as valuable wastes for sale after the IP implementation as well. Their quantity after the IP implementation would be about 600 t a year (up to 0.015 t/t Zn).

89

Sludges from the zinc hydrometallurgy, including jarosite and goethite (xanthogenate cobalt cake) – code: 11 02 02*.

The management of these wastes is implemented pursuant to condition 11.3.13 (for temporary storage) and 11.5.1 (for sale) of CM No 124/2006. Generated quantities – 0.006 t/t zinc.

After the IP implementation the cobalt xanthogenate cake will drop off the p the health of the workers, will b o-called “activated cobalt-nickel cleanin

0 a year and mercury

) – code: 16 08 07*. Generated by the Sulphuric Acid workshop

ntaminated with hazardous

roduction as the xanthogenate method of cobalt solution cleaning, which is harmful toe replaced with s

g”, in which a harmless reactant – sodium antimony tartrate – will be used. Sludges that contain hazardous substances from other types of industrial

waste water treatment– code: 19 08 13*. Wastes from the WWTP of the Complex. A part of them is recycled in the jarosite

process scheme at Wet Extraction workshop, which [recycling] will continue also after modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant. Generated quantities - 0.0464 t/t zinc. According to the IP the quantity of these sludges will be 1800 tons a year, which, referred to 1 tone of zinc, gives the reduced number of 0. 04 t/t zinc. They are stored temporarily in the settling ponds of the WWTP.

Other lining and fire-resistant materials from metallurgical processes, which

contain hazardous substances – code: 16 11 03*. They include chrome-magnesite and acid-resistant bricks, wastes from repairs of

FB-furnaces, from the induction furnaces for cathode zinc smelting and from the systems of wet gas scrubbing at the Sulphuric Acid workshop. Generated quantities – 0.0003 t/t zinc.

Machine [oils], lubricants and gear oils – code: 13 02 08*. Generated quantities – about 0.6 t a year. Re-used for lubricating non-important assemblies of some equipments.

Fluorescent tubes and other wastes, containing mercury – code: 20 01 21*. Generated quantities – luminescent lamps - up to 15lamps - about 30. Stored in a sheltered storehouse.

Used catalysts that are contaminated with hazardous substances (divanadium pentoxidein quantities of 0.0004 t/t sulphuric acid. Stored in bags put in barrels at a sheltered storehouse.

Absorbents, filtering materials (including oil filters not specified elsewhere), hand towels and protective clothing cosubstances– code: 15 02 02*. Mainly discarded filter sheets from the Wet Extraction workshop.

Iron and steel scrap – code: 19 10 01. Wasted in repairing activities. They are delivered to the licensed company – Phoenix EOOD – Kardjali.

90

Non-ferrous metal scrap – code: 19 0 02. Copper is disposed on replacement ic motors, while aluminium – from discarded

p oand leacopper cake (see above). Its quantity will be up to 900 tonnes yearly, respectively about 0.02 t/t

category Wastes from the copper hydrometallurgy, which contain hazardous substances (copper cake; copper-cobalt-nickel d in so-called “activated cobalt-nickel cleanin e above p. 2.3.3.2), the average annual quantity being u This cake is a commercial product with market

Cu, 5-10 % Co, 1-3 % Ni, 15-25 % Zn, 1-5 % Cd, 7-12 %

market. ZC AD has available a determined and already approved site of landfill of

hazardo1995 and new ones from the operating production) and is in proceedings for preparing CDP-BS (see Text Appendix No. 1), subse t designing and Report on EIA. Till the landfill

osal of old zinc cakes and jarosite cake from the e Wet Extraction workshop. Total area

No. 124/2006 at LZC AD the relevan aste management are reported. The types and quantities of the wastes generated in the course of production are reported on an annual basis and the necessary information, pursuant to Ordinance No. 9 on the Conditions and Forms, under which Information about the Activities on Wastes is provided as well as on the Rules for Keeping the Public Register of the Issued Permits,

1of cables, installations, electrcathodes at the Electrolytic workshop. The disposed quantities are delivered to Phoenix EOOD – Kardjali (Licence No 196–12/16 Feb 2001, Permit No 14-ДО-003-00/31Aug 2000).

Paper and cardboard – code: 20 01 01. Wasted in the course of the administrative activity. Collected in a storage room and delivered to a licensed company – Phoenix EOOD – Kardhzali.

Mixed domestic wastes – code: 20 03 01. Collected in containers (4 m3) and garbage cans and transported by a licensed company.

According to the IP two ty es f copper cake will be produced – rich copper cake n copper-cobalt cake. The rich copper cake corresponds to the presently wasted

zinc. The lean copper-cobalt-nickel cake falls into the

cake – code 11 02 05*). It is obtaineg” of the zinc sulphate solution (sep to 600 t/y, resp. up to 0,015 t/t Zn.

realization. The expected composition of the lean copper cake (Cu-Co-Ni-cake) is as follows (in % dry weight): 30-40 %

Pb, 2-3 % S; water content 35-40 %. The lean copper cake is also a commercial product with realization on the

Lus wastes (old ones from the period before the privatization of the Partnership in

quen commissioning four store sites for temporary storage within the territory of the

Complex will be used, two of which are for the wastes from the Zinc Plant (landfills No 2 and No. 3), namely:

Site landfill No. 1 – for disposal of the lead slag and the used filter sheets. Area - 31,5 decares;

Site landfill No. 1 – for dispcurrently running production of th- 20,5 decares;

Site landfill No. 3 – for disposal of the sludges from the industrial waste waters treatment at the WWTP. Area – 23.5 decares.

Site landfill No. 4 – for disposal of plastic wastes from separation of the used lead batteries. Area – 5.6 decares.

n compliance with the requirements of CMIt documentation is kept and the activities on the w

91

registraon card and into the Annual Reports. The Annual Reports is completed for the

preceding year on the g ned in the reporting books, and one set is submit ectorate of Environment and Waters] – Haskov

5.6.2.implementation

s in the currently running production also after the IP im e hazard waste landfill tate within the ter onditions 11.3 of CM No 124/2006. (Tempo

onstruction of the hazard waste landfill, which ge of preparing CDP-BS [Comprehensive Development Plan – Build

stallation for stabilization of the obtained jarosite cakes with a capacity of up to 20 000 t/y. The cake stabilization is based on a patent- nology of LZC AD, with using of powdered lime and a fine fraction of was hus all requirements of EC-Directive 1999/3 nd of Decision of 19 Dec 2002 to Art. 16 of

(Oil nd line for stabilization of the

arosite cakendfill of hazardous waste and obtaining a permit for its

operation the stabilized jarosite cakes, under an established procedure of control with the approp indicated above, will remain on the site of the t ndfill No. 2).

bout 15 – 16 %, respectively to about 0.8 t/t Zn, thanks to the additions of lime an

fter the IP implementation the formation of the solid waste at the WWTP (sludge

tion documents and the closed facilities and activities, are entered into the Identificati

round of the data contaited separately to RIEW [Regional Inspo and Kardjali Muncipality.

Forecast for the waste impact on environment after the Investment Proposal

The jarosite cakes will remain the main waste material aplementation. Till the commissioning of th

of ZLC AD the current practice of temporary storage on a particular sritory of the Complex, pursuant to crary waste storage) will be continued and, in particular, concerning the stabilized

jarosite cake – conditions 11.6.7.1. After the cpresently is at the staing Scheme] (see Text Appendix No 1), and after obtaining the permit for its use

the specified wastes will be disposed. An essential contribution in respect of the hazard waste management from the

Zinc Plant will be the availability of a running in

protected techte bentonite as stabilizing additives. T1 of 26.08.1999 (Directive on the Landfill) athe same Directive - ЕС 1999/31, implemented with Ordinance No.8 of 24 Aug

2004 rdinance on Conditions and Requirements for Building and Pperation of the Landf ls of Waste), will be met. According to the IP a seco

s will be constructed. jTill the building of the la

riate test trials pursuant to the documentsemporary landfill (see above p. 5.6.1 – site laAfter stabilization according to the IP the quantity of the jarosite cake will

increased by ad bentonite. As – code: 19 08 13*) will continue, but in the significantly reduced quantities. The

practice of recycling the part of the existing sludges in the jarosite process flow, in order to extract the zinc contained in them, will be prolonged.

An important advantage is the capability of re-processing “old” quantities of zinc ferrite cakes and sludges from WWTP. This capability will be significantly extended up to 20 000 tonnes a year with the IP implementation. This will facilitate solving the topic with disposal of cakes (“old” and “new” ones) from the zinc hydrometallurgy and minimizing the impact on soils, underground and surface waters in the area of LZC AD.

92

5.7. Hazardous substance factor

In the production activities of the Zinc Plant at LZC AD a wide range of hazardous substances, including primary raw stuff (polymetallic sulphide concentrates) and secondary materials are used, which is determined by the specific features of the metallurgical technologies for non-ferrous heavy metal production. Within LZC AD, however, no hazardous substances or chemicals in quantities equal to or exceeding those under Appendix 3, Chapter VII of EPL [Environmental Protection Law], are used or stored. stance category, which will be eration of the new installation at LZC AD – the Roasting worksh

water solutions up to 20 % H2SO4) – in the

-5; С) – corrosive; ;

LC 50 – 510 mg/m3/2 hours; safety recommendations (S-

phrases): R 35; S (1/2 –26 – 30-45);

Standard risk phrases (R-phrases): R36 and standard safety advice (S-phrases): S(2-)22-26.

Used as reagent in the Wet Extraction workshop and for water demineralization in the waste heat boiler at the Roasting workshop.

Manganese ore (manganese carbonate MnCO3) –

Classification: Symbol - Xn

The same is valid for the reactants from the hazardous sub used in the future opop, the workshops of Sulphuric acid and of Electrolysis. Sulphuric acid (98,5 % H2SO4 or

hazardous substance category: CAS No 7664-93-9; EC No 231-639Hazard category (classification UN No 2796 and hazard class 8Boiling point: 1033 ОС; soluble in water; ORL-RAT LD 50 – 2140 mg/кg;

L-RATIHStandard risk phrases (R-phrases) and standard

Main reagent in the wet extraction and electrolysis flows. End product of the workshop for sulphuric acid.

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda NaOH) – in the hazardous substance category:

CAS No 68815-21-4; ЕС No 272-79-8-2 Classification: category 2; R45 Standard risk phrases (R-phrases) and standard safety advice (S-phrases): S34-36,

38, 45; S1-2, 26, 37, 39, 45. Used as reagent in cadmium smelting and for water demineralization in the waste-

heat boiler at the roasting workshop.

Calcinated soda (Na2CO3) –

CAS No 497-18-8; ЕС No 207-83-8-8 Classification: category Хi; R36

3 The boiling point must have been specified wrongly – the most sources indicate a boiling point of 338 ОС – Translator’s note

93

Standard risk phrases (R-phrases): R20/22 and standard safety advice (S-фрази):

ice (S-phra

Us

CAClassification: Mutagen category:3; R68; Repr. [Reproduction] category: 3: R63;

T: R48

tandard risk phrases (R-phrases) R40 and standard safety advice (S-phrases): S26.

sed fo e-ign n of e FB uid ]-fur ce.

N 42 ; o 1ard o rc n o

tandar sk p es ( hra R4 e (S rases) (S-6.

ed and not available on LZC AD site. The use of such substances is also not envisag

ition for Using and Trade are not used and not en

ot used and not envisaged for using.

S: (2-)25. Copper sulphate (blue vitriol CuSO4) –

CAS No 7758-98-7; ЕС No 231-847-6 Classification: Xn; R22; Xi; R36/38; N; R50-53 Standard risk phrases (R-phrases): R22-36/38-50/53 and standard safety advses): S(2-)22-60-61.

ed as reagent in cleaning the zinc sulphate solutions.

Vanadium catalysts (divanadium pentoxide V2O5) –

S No 1314-62--1; ЕС No 226-79-8-2

/23; Xn: R20/22; Xi:R37; N:R51-53; Standard risk phrases (R-phrases): R20/22,37-48/23-52/53-63-68 and standard

safety advice (S-phrases): S (1/2)36/37-38-45-61. Used in the contact apparatus of the sulphuric acid system. In a bailment in bags

that are put in barrels at a sheltered storehouse. Diesel fuel –

CAS No 68334-30-5; ЕС No 270-675-6 Hazard category: Carcinogen Category: 3; S

U r pr itio th [fl bed na

Lubricants –

CASHaz

o 647 categ

-19-4ry: Ca

ЕС Ninoge

265-1 Categ

8-9 ry: 1;

S d ri hras R-p ses) 5 and standard safety advic -phфрази): S2

Used for lubrication of m

achine details of some equipment.

Methylbromide (CH3B) and substances from Appendix No. 1 of DCM No. 254 / 30 Dec 1999 for Control and Management of Substances that Harm the Ozone Layer are not us

ed under the IP for modernization and enlargement of the zinc production. Raw stuff, materials or products that fall into the scope of Ordinance for the Hazardous Chemical Substances that are Subject to Prohib

visaged to be used according to the IP. Organic solutions that are covered by Directive 1999/13/EC on the Limitation of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds [due to the use of organic solvents] are also n

94

Accord

” of the zinc sulphate solutions the xanthogenate will be replaced with the harmle

phrases):

medical advice.

ing to the IP the use of asbestos and asbestos-contained materials are not envisaged4 [too].

A significant contribution of the new technologies in respect of the hazardous substances is that the use of sodium ethyl xanthogenate in cleaning the cobalt solution will be terminated. [The mentioned] reagent is highly toxic, with sharp, choking odour, which using is discontinued at many plants over the world. By the “activated cobalt-nickel cleaning

ss sodium antimony tartrate. It has the following identification properties:

Calcium antimony tartrate – K(SbO).C4H4O6 .0,5 H2O5 CAS No 28300-74-5 Toxicity on Swallowing (for animals - LD 50) – 115 mg/kg; Standard risk phrases (R-phrases): R25 – toxic if swallowed; R36/38 – irritating to eyes and skin. Standard safety advice (S-S24 – avoid contact with skin; S25 – avoid contact with eyes; S26 – in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with water6 and seek

Risk of accidents on using hazardous substances

For emergency cases of accident risk (natural disasters and major industrial accidents) the company has available a developed and approved by the competent authorities Plan for Performing Rescue and Urgent Accident Recovery Works in Case of Disasters, Fires, Cccidents and Crashes at LZC AD”, which is elaborated pursuant to Art. 19, p. 2, letter “г” of Rules on Organization and Activities for Prevention and Elimination of Consequences in Case of Disasters, Accidents and Crashes, adopted by Decree No. 18/23 Jan1998 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria, which [decree] was promulgated in the SG, No. 13 of 03 Feb 1998 as well as pursuant to Art. 5, p. 2 of Ordinance No. 3 for Fire Safety of the Operating Facilities from 16 June 1997 (SG No. 54/ 08 Jul 1997). In that plan the necessary activities in case of occurence of probable local emergency situations or of risk of accidents at the production workshops of LZC AD, incl. the work with hazardous substances, are described and regulated. They [these rules] will be also in force in the course of operation of the future new installations under the IP – the Roasting workshop, the workshops of Sulphuric acid and of Electrolysis.

4 In theory such use may have not been envisaged at all because Bulgaria is a member of the EC that has banned the use of asbestos – Translator’s note 5 Some d screpancy is present here in the original – in the text abovei

, it concerns sodium antimony tartrate,

however subsequently this reagent is named calcium antimony tartrate, while the chemical formula corresponds to the compound potassium antimony tartrate. – Translator’s note 6 The standard text of this S-phrase reads “with plenty of water” – Translator’s note

95

5.8. R

variation in the noise emissions for the different day-and-night periods.

f the noi

isky power sources – Noise, Vibrations factor 5.8.1. Harmful physical factors – current situation

The Investment Proposal for new installation and enlargement of LZC AD will be implemented within the territory of the currently running production facilities and is entirely determined by the existing infrastructure.

At present multiple sources of noise, with various acoustic characteristics and location on the industrial site exist. The main sources of noise in the environment are:

the existing technological equipment at the production workshops (casting machine, ball crushers, air-blowing system, ventilation system, piston compressors etc.);

operating transportation means for providing the necessary raw stuff, secondary materials, accessory materials and taking the ready products out.

The operation mode of the Complex is day-and-night, uninterrupted, due to which there is no

The assessment of impact of the present activity of the Complex on the environment in respect of the noise factor has been made pursuant to “Methods for determination of the total sound power, emitted in environment by an industrial enterprise and determination of the sound level at the place of impact”, approved by the Minister of Environment [and Waters] by Order No. РД-199 of 19 March 2007 - measurements o

se level at measuring points (MP), situated along the preset contour that comprises the main sources of noise, have been made. The equivalent noise level Leq, dBA has been measured. The results of the conducted measurements are given in Table 5.8-1.

Table 5.8-1

No MP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Leq, dB А 48,7 43,8 52,7 42,7 41,6 48,8 49,4 56,1

No MP 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Leq, dB А 61,1 67,7 62,2 53,8 56,2 62,6 63,0 65,6

No MP 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Leq,dB А 66,1 65,5 64,8 64,9 50,2 54,6 61,7 57,8 51,6

The data are taken from reports of the Regional Laboratory – Stara Zagora and

from an application for issue of complex permit to LZC AD – Kardjali from the year 2005.

The measurement reports and the General plan of the production site with the measurement contour, its geometric centre (GC) and location of measuring points are available at the records office of the Complex.

The average noise level along the measurement contours is 61.4 dBA. The calculated level of total sound power, emitted by an imaginary point source, located in the geometric centre of the contour is 114,3 dBA.

96

The results of the made measurements show that the noise levels along the boundaries of the site satisfy the hygiene norm of 70 dBA per day, evening and night, specifie

traffic flow on e 3 class road Kardjali – Haskovo (from the north) and the Kardjali-Haskovo railway

the south). About 220 m in tion site boundary the

ocatiА of

4.02.2

shevg

illing works. No explosive materials will be used. During the operation of the construction equipment (excavators, bulldozers, cranes, trucks ay be expecte vator – 80 ÷ 91 dBA, bulldozer - 97 ÷ 105 dBA, crane - 84 ÷ 95 dBA, commercial vehicles – 85 ÷ 92 dBA. The noise impact will be restric within the spot where the construction activity a for an industrial area will be exceeded there. D

d in Ordinance No 6 of 26 June 2006 for Environmental Noise Indices that Render an Account of the Discomfort Level at the Different Times of the Day, the Limit Values of the Environmental Noise Indices, the Methods of Evaluation of Values of the Noise Indices and of the Harmful Impact on Population Health (SG, No 58/2006 of MH and MOEW).

External sources of noise for the territory of the complex are: therdth

(from the northwest direction from the produc

V onal High School of Agriculture and Forestry (of the town of Kardjali) is situated. easured noise level in front of the high school was 41,7 dBA (Report No 338The m

2 005 – available at the records office of LZC AD) and do not exceed the limit value of 45 dBA for the day period in an educational activity zone, specified in Ordinance No 6 of 26 Jun 2006 .

Other sites with standardized noise regime in the region (the villages of Ostritsa, Vi rad, Glouhar and Panchevo etc.) are at distances larger than 2-2.5 km from LZC AD and the noise emitted by its site does not impact the acoustic environment.

5.8.2. Analysis and assessment of the supposed impact

During the construction stage the sources of noise will be the construction machines for performing the excavation and f

etc), at certain spots of the site the noise level with values above 85 dBA md. The level of noise emitted by the various equipment is [as follows]: exca

ted is performed and the norm of 70 dBue to the significant remoteness of the sites (the settlements) that have legislated

noise regime, the noise produced during the Investment Proposal implementation will not have impact on them.

The Investment Proposal will be implemented at spots located in the internal part of the production site, excluding the New Concentrate Storehouse that is situated in the western part of the premises of LZC AD at about 300 m. Due to the sufficient remoteness of the premises the production noise is in practice of no importance for the settlements – [within] the region of Kardjali that is the nearest to LZC. The areas of noise load and acoustic discomfort concern only the operating personnel on the industrial site.

On commissioning the new production facilities under the IP some significant situation changes in respect of risky power sources – microclimate, noise, vibrations, thermal emissions – are not expected.

The supposed noise level values in the course of operation will be below the admitted limit for working environment (up to 70 dB A) and will not exceed 60 dBa at a distance of 2 m from the external walls of the buildings.

97

The IP provide a prerequisite of designing and implementation of constructive solutions that minimize the noise load inside the working rooms and in the environment, which is generated by units and equipments with moving parts, on operations using compressed air etc. The units that generate an increased noise load – the air-blowing unit JL 01 G001 to the FB [fluid bed] furnace (Graphic Appendix No 2.А) and the gas-blowing unit AD 01 G002 to the sulphuric acid system (Graphic Appendix No 3.А) will be mounted indoors (separated chambers with brick masonry walls) in order that the adverse impact on the environment and discomfort of the workingavoided. Particul aid to the designing of t( f Elec c Acid wo

In respect of all technological processes a high level of and the c try-leading o . easures, in addition to provision of high performance of the production, are

clearly environme ented - to l ememission.

The Roasting workshop, the new workshop of Sulphuric facility for Wet Extraction would be internal part o The noise emitted through the building faces will be shielded by the existing buildings situated around or near to t on it from reachithe Complex and will not e hanges along t

The noise levels along the measuring contour at the spots opposite to the New te Store proba

of the contour (l e impact) and will not have a significant impact on the average noise level along g conto el of total sou tted by the Complex site into the environment. utdoor techn ment with

leThe new production facility will cause some increase in th vehicle traffic

owever, affect s e values of th boundar C site.

Upon commissioning the new installations noise measu t to the requirements of r Deter he Total SoEnvironment by an Industrial Enterprise and Determination ofPlace of Impact (MOEW, Order No РД – 199 of 19 March 2007)

The operating personnel w ct directly wt that ge brations. In case of correct designingts as well as of good work machines

with a value above MAL [Maximum Admissible Limit] are expeCompared situ limate ins

workshop will be significantly better thanks to the improved sani conce ls.

n and the ins pa atus in the working rooms as well as in t pected. The presence of some

ene and ma cell phones, .) will not of

environment should be he ventilation systems

automation will be

ar attention is ptrolysis, SulphuriWorkshop o rkshop).

achieved Those m

best proven practi es of the indus perators will be applied

ntally-ori reduction of the harmfu issions, including noise

acid and the enlargement located in the f the industrial site.

he new result in th

es preventing noise level c

ng the site boundaries of he measuring contour.

Concentra house wouldocal nois

bly increase. That increase will affect small sections

the measurin ur and the levThere is no o

nd power emiological equip

increased noise vel. e running

as well; halong the

this will noties of the LZ

ignificantly th

e equivalent noise levels

rements pursuanMethods fo mination of t und Power, Emitted in

the Sound Level at the will be taken.

ill not conta ith the machines and equipmenfundamen

nerate vi and construction of the no impacts of vibrations cted.

ing order of the

to the present ation the microc ide the new Electrolytic tary technical ventilation

and reducedThe use of ionizing radiation sources

ntrations of sulphuric acid aerosois not envisaged, therefore during the

constructio in course of tallation operation no imhe environment is ex

ct on the radiation st

sources that g rate electric gnetic fields ( computers etcresult in exceeding the safety levels, typical of the similar device use for the needsproduction.

98

The operating personnel will necessarily use appropriate work clothes and means of individual protection – protective he s, goggles, etc.

The e adverse impact on the environment due to their restricted power and the indoor source installation. These factors are neither risky for the health status of the near settlements, nor for

2,8 km; tomb mound – 3 km;

today’s

sion of the construction activity

arble and agate figurines for cult purposes, a plate of rock crystal etc. are highly im

642 км2) about 50 immovable monuments of culture of various dating have been registered.

lmets, glove examined physical factors (noise, vibrations, radiation) may not hav

workers in the vicinity. Special preventive measures are not prescribed, excepting from the recommendation that the fans in the ventilation systems of the new workshop (Electrolysis, AOC etc.) should be fitted with some appropriate mufflers.

5.9. Cultural heritage factor

5.9.1. Presence of historical, archeological and architectural monuments

A number of cultural monuments from previous ages – prehistoric settlements, ancient and medieval monuments, churches – are located within the region of the eventual technogenic impact by emissions of sulphur dioxide from the LZC – Kardhzali .

In Table 5.9-1, presented below, the archeological sites known to date, which fall into the lands of the settlements in the vicinity of the Investment Proposal project – LZC AD site – are specified.

The distances between the settlements where the registered cites are present and the operating site of LZC AD are as follows:

– the village of Vishegrad – 2 km; – the village of Glouhar – 4 km; – Veselchane residential area - monastery –– the village of Lisitsite – 3,8 km; – the village of Ostrovitsa – 1,8 km; – the village of Shiroko pole – 4,8 km. The earliest evidence of human presence, discovered within the boundaries of the town of Kardjali dates backed to the 6th millennium BC. The Neolithic settlement

was discovered accidentally during excavation works in the central part of the town in 1962. Quick rescue diggings were performed, during which the site was dated by the artifacts found. In 1972, again on excavation works for new construction, ancient materials were come upon, which forced the temporary suspen

for determination of the exact stratigraphic profile. During the rescue excavations led by Mr. Atanas Peykov multiple artifacts were found, among which the nephrite swastika, three obsidian plates, m

pressive. In the course of ages since 6th millennium by now an intensive life has seethed,

with some insignificant interruptions, within this part of the Arda River valley. Many archeological sites registered here evidence this. The ruins of a number of fortresses, remnants of ancient roads and bridges, cult constructions, tomb mounds, necropolises etc. could be seen even today. Within the territory of Kardjali municipality (with an area of

99

A part of them were subject to organized excavations, the most of them, however, are only registered and dated wherever possible. The location of the cultural monuments within the region of LZC AD is shown in Figure 5.9-1. The more important of them, incl. those situated at larger distances from the premises of LZC AD (outside the 5-kilometer range) are described below.

Table 5.9-1

Settlement Type of the site Dating Approximate location as

determined from the settlement centre

v. Vis

[village] hegrad

Monyak fortress (Mneacos)

Middle Ages Hisar Yustyu locality

to the southwest

Fortress Bronze Age, Iron Age, Ancient times

Harman Kaya locality, 0.7km

Settlement Middle Ages 0.4 km [to the] NE [northeast]

Mound necropolis

Roman Age Yukler locality, 0.5 km to the southeast

v. Glouhar Settlement, church

Middle Ages in the village

Necropolis Middle Ages in the village

v. Dobrovolets */ Necropolis Late Iron Age Paraklisa [the Chapel] locality

t. Kardjali Monastery Middle Ages Papaz Tepe locality, 3-5 km to the west

Monastery Middle Ages Veselchane residential area

a Tomb mound Veselchane residential are

a Vila rustica Roman Age Veselchane residential are

v. Lisitsite Fortress Early Iron Age Kaya dorasy locality, 1 kmsoutheast of the village

Thracian niches Early Iron Age Kaya dorasy locality, 1 kmsoutheast of the village

v. Ostrovitsa Mound necropolis Middle Ages 1 km to the southeast

v. Sedlovina Settlement Late Iron Age, Ancient times, Middle Ages

0,3 km to the south

v. Shiroko pole Necropolis Middle Ages in the village */ The village of Dobrovolets no longer exists, the Sveti Duh [Holy Spirit] chapel,

however, is rebuilt and operating.

100

Fig. 5.9-1

Location of the monuments of culture within the region of LZC AD Perperikon – the sacred town of the Thracians with found traces of human

activity already in the 6th millennium before Christ. The ancients chose Perperikon as a stone home for their “god”. They built sanctuaries, hewed an entire cult complex into the rocks.

There appeared also the king’s palace of the Thracians. It [Perperikon] is the oldest known capital of the Thracians. A powerful fortress guarded the town. The archeologists have found therein the earliest church in the Rhodopes, which has a unique stone ambo. It [the church] was built at the end of the fourth century, probably by Niketa of Remesian – the baptist of the Rhodopes.

Perperikon is considered the largest megalithic monument in the Balkans. It constituted the northern outpost of the first European civilization – the Minoan and Mycenaean culture. Human activity seethed there for more than three thousand years.

Vishegrad and Monyak (Mneacos) – the best-preserved medieval castle in the

Rhodopes. It is situated in the immediate vicinity of Kardjali. The Vishegrad fortress is located atop a high peak, on the right bank of the Arda River. It is supposed that the residence of the governor of the medieval region Ahridos should be located there. In the time of [Tsar] Kaloyan the region was guarded by an unapproachable fortress – Mneacos. It rose on a mountain plateau, at an elevation of several hundred meters and was well

101

fortified and with a strong garrison. In 1343, however, the unassailable strongholunder the swords of Omur Bey’s mercenary horde.

d fell

eters from [the town of] the stone crag. Under the

Thracians has been discovered. Two graves a slab, while the upper was open toward the sky.

and the ceramics

Trasituated atothe ruler of

Sv.

built at the on the south bank of the Arda River, on a

ed till the beginning of the new

DeArdino.localitythe Whiteinto one o

deep and wwatched –phallus is solstice, t e stone altar, shaped as vulva. Symbolically, the sun impregrepresents

Thproduces a that no similar creatio

country. The past of that region – since the Eneolithic through the ancient times and the

most attr

Tatoul – an enigmatic peak. It is situated 15 kilomMomchilgrad, near to Tatoul village. A tomb was carved intostone bed the largest surface temple of the were hewn. The lower was covered with

For ages people came under the crag and built ritual bonfires. The archeologists have discovered more than 30 fireplaces. Among the remains of vessels for food storage

broken clay mugs the scientists have discovered some gold. Clay idols, coins, have been discovered too. It is thought that the solar cult was celebrated atop

Tatoul and the one of the earliest observatory was located there. dition has it that the grave of Orpheus – the legendary singer and king – is p that peak. A man who allegedly passed through the kingdom of death and the sacred mountain.

Ioan Predtecha [St John the Forerunner] Monastery – a fortified monastery beginning of the ninth century

naturally guarded place. The palace of the hegumen – the bishop of the Ahridos bishopric – was situated east of the large three-apse conch church. At the beginning of the 13th century the narthex on the west side was turned into a crypt. The life at the monastery died off at the end of the 14th century, but the memory of it retain

century7.

monic bridge – it is situated 38 km from Kardjali and 6 km of [the town of] he bridge] was built during the Osmanian period in an amazi [T ngly beautiful

. The stone structure was a part of the main road connection between Thrace and [Aegean] Sea coast. A small hexagon, named “the Seal of Salomon”, carved f the keystones of the central vault, has been discovered.

The Womb Cave – “Tangurda kaya” (The Resounding Stone). The cave is 32 m as shaped by ancient inhabitants as a womb. A curious phenomenon could be

every day, when the sun reaches its zenith, a ray of sun in the shape of a projected on the floor of the cave. Once per year, probably during the winter his phallus reaches th

nates the earth. Thus life was born. The whole region around the entrance a huge place of worship with niches delved in the rock. e cave has an ideal North-South orientation. It is shaped in such a way that it specific acoustic effect. Regarding the cave, one has to be sure

n of man has been found so far. Museum of History in Kardjali – it possesses one of the richest collections in this

Middle Ages up to the time of modern Bulgarian history - is summed up therein. The active archeological findings from the excavations at Tatoul and Perperikon may

difficult to understand which “new century” is meant by the author , so the translation in this case is

rather unclear – Translator’s note 7 It is

102

be seen there. The museum in the town of Kardjali has been recently declared a monument of culture.

5.9.2. Forecast and assessment of impacts on the state of historical, archeological

and architectural monuments as a result of the Investment Proposal implementation To date there are no data that evidence unequivocally some significant impact on

the cultural monuments by the harmful emissions from the presently running productions of LZC AD.

The considerations set out above on emissions after commissioning the new installation under the IP (see p. 1.3.1 and p. 3.2 above) give us grounds for conclusion

ics or other archeological material are found, the works

that, in the course of the Investment Proposal implementation some negative impact on the regional cultural heritage – historical, archeological and architectural monuments – is not likely to be expected. The construction and installation works will be performed within the presently running production facilities of the Complex. The Investment Proposal is clearly ecologically-oriented and will result in reducing the sulphur dioxide emissions, therefore its implementation will lead to restriction of the adverse effects on the environmental components, including impacts on the state of the historical, archeological and architectural monuments in that region.

In the immediate proximity of the site as well as within its territory there are not any registered monuments of culture. No negative impact on the known ones described above due to the Investment Proposal implementation is expected. As a kind of recommendation, however, it should be point out that, if on performing the excavation works some remains of cerammust be interrupted and the staff of the Regional Museum of History in the town of Kardjali must be notified immediately.

103

6. Description, analysis and assessment of the presumed significant

th

lows from the further presented in fig. 6.3-1 equipment scheme (see item situational scheme in fig.3.1-1 (see above item 3.1), in line with both

unning towards the mill for the FB furnace burnt blende (stack K2, th ion of is shown in the situation plan – fig. 3.1-1 (see above item 3.1);

er a sleeve filter running to ards the ate bunker for the burnt blende (stack K3 in fig.6.3-1, the

e situation plan – fig. 3.1-1 (see above item

ort, beginning after a sleeve filter, burnt blende bunker in section “wet extraction”,

of the so-called “neutral extra ” (s n in the situation plan – fig. 3.1-2

t, beginning after a sleeve filter, reserve burnt blende (stack K4-A in

ith capacity 2000 tons, the location of w ich is – fig. 3.1-1 (see above item 3.1).

stationary sources of dust emiit ster plan of the Complex in Graphical Appendix No 1.

impact on the population and environment 6.1. Impact during realization of the Investment Proposal 6.1.1. Impact on the atmospheric air In the IP are envisaged two SO2-containing waste gases flows from the new installations:

• Waste-gases flow originating after the DCDA system for sulphuric acid (stack K1, location shown in the situation plan – fig. 3.1-3 (see above item 3.1);

• Flow of smoke gases existing when pre-heating the roasting furnace widiesel fuel, what is made when starting the FB furnace after a repair or a prolonged stay. This flow is bypassing the system for sulphuric acid, and after the wet dust collector is evacuated through the so-called starting stack of the furnace (stack K1-A, the location of which is also shown in the situation plan – fig. 3.1-3 (see above item 3.1).

As fol6.3) and thementioned flows, IP envisages also formation of the following dusty gas flows, obtained from treatment of the burnt blende after the BL roasting furnace:

Flow of ventilation gases beginning after a sleeve filter, re locat which

Ventilation flow, beginning aft , wintermedilocation of which is shown in th3.1);

Air flow from the pneumatic transprunning towards theabove the agitators ction stage tack K4 infig. 6.3-1, the location of which is show(see above item 3.1);

Air flow from the pneumatic transporrunning towards the external silo for fig.6.3-1 – reserve bunker w

anh

shown in the situation pl

The locations of those ssions are marked also in the s uation of the partial ma

6.1.1.1. Assessment of the impact on the atmospheric air on the base of the currently

valid in the country norms and standards for admissible contents – a preliminary imission assessment

104

The carried out comparative imission assessment of the typical for the production of zinc and su14/199RegulaRegulation No 1/2004 (on norms for carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air) also has been used. In the following are juxtapose sion e c ts w re i n – nd , l , sulphur dioxide and carbon m oxi sion ent of the im tam the w ws has been used the dispersion m r correctness of the m de assess he f win on has to be taken conThe math l model ME, a ll as persion odels dealing with dispersion of harmful su ces fr oin ows de mination of single moment values of their ground-level concentra ed also by the fact,

at the mass emission flow, which is a basic source datum for the models, has the imension “g/sec”. Therefore, it is correct to compare the determined under the model

und-level concentrations solely with the maximal single MAC norms

ulation 9/1999). The daily average and annual average concentrations are determined by statistical processing of m results obtained during one day

4 ho e ye ho hat de in the stationary stations for nit tmos air, vic aking s and

making analyses. om these considerat ollow t co lts fro e model

average, and especially with annual average MAC norms, is not correct, because are tai sults the co ison shows a higher % in respect of the MAC

norm.

dmissible concentrations of atmospheric contaminants, as per Regulation

ons, mg/m3

lphuric acid contaminants is on the base of the currently valid Regulation No 7 (on norms for total suspended dust and cadmium in the atmospheric air) and tion No 9/1999 (on norms for sulphur dioxide and lead in the atmospheric air).

Table 6.1-1total suspe assessm

odel PLUME. Fo

d the imisead, cadmiumpact of the con

norms for th

inants in a

omponen

aste floe aon

nterested ide. For imis

ed dust

ment, tollo g clarificati into sideration:

ematica PLU s we the other dis mbstan om p t sources, all

tions. This is confirmter

thdmaximal gro(MACmax.single) for the quality of the atmospheric air (according to Regulation No 9/1999), eventually with the hourly-average MAC norms (maximal, single MAC norms according to Reg

easurementusually is ma

n automatic de(2mo

urs), or onoring the a

ar (8760 pheric

urs), w or by ow es for t amples

Fr ions f s tha mparing resu m th with daily

ob ned raised re , i.e., mpar

able 6.1-1 TTop aNo 14/1997 and Regulation No 9/1999

Top admissible concentratiContaminating s Mubstances MAC max.,single (1 hour) AC daily average MAC annual average

Total of suspended dust .15 1/ 0.50 0.25 0Lead 05 2/ 0.00Cad 1/ 0.00002 001 mium 0.00Zin 0.05 c 1/ - - SO 0.35 0.125 2 2/ - СО 10 3/ - 1/ I liance with Regulation No 14/2 3. G,

issue 46/18.05.19 ue 8/2 SG, issue 14/2/ I liance with Regulation No 9/03 , issue 46/18.3/ Maximal 8-hour average value within a In compliance with Regulation No

1 .2004 г. (SG, issue 14/20.02.20

n comp 3.09.1997, (SG, issue 88/0 10.1997, am. S99, am. SG, iss 2.01.2002, am. 20.02.2004).

n comp .05.1999г. (SG 05.1999) 24-hour day –

/16.01 04)

105

A. Im assessm 2 emisThe low of was s containing r dioxide is thrown out through a 50

id (stack K1).

in the cases a system for sulphuric acid (stack K1) and the 30 m stack for smoke

with diesel fuel (naphtha), which

r stack K1.A, are given in Table 6.1-2. The reemitted lphur dioxide deleterious substances are juxtaposed below in Tables their com rms for the atmospheric air quality. In Table 6.1-5 are shown Table 6.1 Geomsystem ( moke gases obtained at starting the FB

ission ent of the SO sions impact main f te gase sulphu

metres high stack that is after the DCDA system for sulphuric acA preliminary imission assessment of the atmospheric air quality (AAQ) has been made

onditions of the emission impact of sulphur dioxide from a 50 m stack for waste fter the DCDAg

gases that are a product of the FB furnace pre-heatingpre-heating is carried out at initial start of the furnace, or after it was stopped for a longer time (stack K1.A). For the imission assessment was applied the approved methodology of the PLUME dispersion method. The used for the model characteristics of the emission sources, with maximal values of the emitted deleterious substances – 300 mg/Nm3 of sulphur dioxide for stack K1 and 10 mg/Nm3 fo

sults from the model investigation to be used for imission assessment of the by both stacks su

6.1-3 and 6.1-4 – respectively, for the maximal ground-level concentrations, and parison with the MAC no

the ground-level concentrations of sulphur dioxide around stacks K1 and K1.A.

-2 etrical and emission characteristics of the waste gases leaving after the DCDA

stack K1) and of the waste flow of sfurnace (stack K1.A) and used for the imission impact of the SO2.

No Parameters Stack К1

Stack К1.А */

1. Important dimensions of the stacks 1.1 Height: Н, m 50 30 1.2 Diameter of the stack’s throat: D, m 1.62 1.20 1.3 Cross section of the stack’s throat: S, m 2.06 1.13 2

2. Characteristics of the gas flow in the stack 2.1 Flow temperature: Tgas оС 75 38 2.2 Flow rate: Vо

gas Nm3/h 31 638 **/ 26 000 **/

2.3 Voluminous speed of the flow: Vtgas, m3/sec 11.20 8.23

2.4 Linear speed of the flow: ω, m/seс 5.44 7.28 3. Maximal content of SOx in the waste gases: 300 10 3.1 Sulphur dioxide, mg/Nm3 SO2 < 300 **/ < 10 3.2 Carbon monoxide, mg/Nm3 CO - 42 4. Emissions (maximal values): 4.1 Sulphur dioxide, g/sec 2.64 0.08 4.2 Carbon monoxide, g/sec - 0.35

*/ Stack for smoke gases obtained from pre-heating the FB furnace with diesel fuel (naphtha) at starting; Computational the balance of als, ing Pre-Е y.

**/ data from m riate a rdcco to e th Basic ngineering of Outokumpu Technolog

106

Table 6.1-3

ons a ritical ersion meters f oth asting latio su

o st Conta-

inants

Maximal g econcentratio

m3

si

clas

Critical spe

wm/

Maximal ground-level concentratie ro

nd c disp para or bstacks (К1 and К1.А) – for th instal n and the system for lphuric acid

N Source of Di ance

emissions to the

ce msour

round lev l Atmostabn

mg/

phere lity s

ed of ind, sec

1. 3.7462 Е-0 А 1Stack K1 390 SO2 2 .0

2. 2

6.9528 Е-033.0418 Е-02

А А

1.01

Stack K1.А

150 150

SOСО

.0

Tabl

xta atio th the nor r quality e mo

f

Distance to the source

Conta-minants

Mground level concentration

AC 1g/m3

of MA

e 6.1-4 Ju posing maximal ground-leve

l concentr ns wi MAC ms fo of th

at spheric air

No Source oemissions

aximal

mg/m3

M / %m

the C

1

.7 . Stack K1 390 SO2 3.7462 Е-02 0.35 10

2. Stack K1.А

150 150

SO2

CO 6.9528 Е-03 3.0418 Е-02

0.35 10

2.0 0.3

1/ Regulation No 9 of 03.05.1999 (on SO2) и Regulation No 1 of 16.01.2004 (on CO). Table 6.1-5

Dispersion of the maximal ground-level concentrations of sulphur dioxide (for stacks К1and К1.А) and carbon monoxide (for stack К1.А)

Distance to the source

Ground level SO2 concentrations mg/m3

Ground level CO concentrations mg/m3

m Stack К1 Stack К1.А Stack К1.А 50 4.4954 Е-03 8.3434 Е-04 3.6502 Е-03

100 9.3655 E-03 6.8833 E-03 3.0114 Е-02 200 3.0344 E-02 5,2146 E-03 2.2813 Е-02 500 3.4091 E-02 2,1554 E-03 9.4297 Е-03 1000 2.3226 E-02 6.2575 E-04 2.7376 Е-03 1500 1.5734 E-02 3.1287 E-04 1.3698 Е-03 2000 1.1613 E-02 1.9468 E-04 8.5171 Е-04 2500 9,2416 E-03 1.3211 E-04 5.7798 Е-04 3000 6.7432 E-03 1.0812 E-04 4.7302 Е-04 3500 3.3772 Е-03 9.7339 Е-05 1.3999 Е-04

107

4000 2.8097 Е-03 6.9528 Е-05 3.0418 Е-05 MAC 0.35 1/ 0.35 1/ 10 2/

1/ Hourly-average norm (Regulation No 9 of 03.05.199); 2/ Maximal 8-h e v in 2 the n

B. Imission assessmen dust emissions impact In compliance with the methodology of the PLUME dispersion m el has be e i ent of the atmo ic ai AAQ) well as he abovementioned stationa rces, which accor IP emit dust containing vy metals (particles of the burnt blende), namely:

– Stack К2 – waste entilatio s, run sleeve towards t ill f t blende

– Stack К3 – air flow, running from a sleeve filter towards the interm ry bunker for burnt blende;

– Stack К4 – air flow, running from a sleeve filter towards the bunker for burnt b sectio et extr ” (ab ators of so-called ral extraction stage);

– St 4–А – air flow, running from a sleeve filter towards the external silo for burnt blende (capacity 2000 tons).

T dust from th dicated nary sources contains zin ad and cad m. Will be installed sleeve filters with air regen abric (“pull jet” e). According to preliminary data, with m al dust content after the f s 10 mg/N he expected co of the indicated heavy metals will be, respectively, up to 6 m m3 zinc, up to 0.1 m 3 lead, and up to 0.02 mg/ for the PLUME m del of the flows in the stacks eve filte ith the in maxim e emitted deleterious substances, are given in Table 6.1-6. The re dispersion mode iss ent of the emitted deleterious substances are compared in the next tables – in Table 6.1-7 are given maximal ground

de juxnor atrix for compliance with

e normative requirements for MAC, while in the Tables with numbers 6.1-10, 6.1-11, .1-13 are presented the obtained results for distribution of the ground-level

concenjoint op Table 6.1-6

mis ulphu ide e the quitrans nt bl

o P ters Stack К3

Stack К4

our averag

t of the

alue with 4 hours of day (Regulatio No 1 of 16.01.2004).

od en madmission assessm spher r quality ( as of t

ry sou ding to the hea

v n gase ning from a filter he mor burn ;

edia

lende in n “w action ove the agit the neut

ack К

he emitted e in statio c, le miueration of the f typ

3axim ilter m , tg/Nntents

g/Nm characteristicsal values of thsults from the

Nm3 cadmium. The usedo after the sle rs, w dicated

l for im ion assessm

level concentrations and critical dispersion parameters, in Tables 6.1-8 and 6.1-9 is mataposition, respectively, of the maximal ground level concentrations with the MAC ms for quality of the atmospheric air, as well as with the m

th6.1-12, and 6

trations of dust, lead, and cadmium – for the separate stacks, at independent and eration of the units.

E sions of sporting bur

r dioxende

within th airflows after pneumatic e pment for

N arame Stack К2

Stack К4-А

1. Im nt dimensions of the stacks porta 1.1 Height: Н, m 10 1010 32

108

No Parameters Stack К2

Stack К3

Stack К4

Stack К4-А

1.2 Diameter of the stack’s throat: D, m 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 Cross section of the throat: S, m2 0.0.031 0314 0.0.0314 0.126 4 0.0.2. Characteristics of the gas flow in the

sta

ck:

2.1 Flow temperature: Tgas , оС 120-15 150 120-150 120-150 0 120- (Тgas), aver.

оС 135 1 135 135 35 2.2 F : Vо

gas, Nm3/h 1000 30low rate 3500 3000 00 2.3 V us spe the flow ga,

m30.42 5 1.o olumin

/sec ed of : Vt 1.35 1.2 25

2.4 Linear speed of the flow: ω , m с 13.5 40.3 40/se 10.7 .3 3. M contents the gase aximal in s: 3.1 D -toxic), 3 10 10u nst (no mg/Nm 10 10 3.2 Z ounds (a c), mg/N 6.0 6n-comp s zin m3 6.0 6.0 .0 3.3 Pb-compounds (as lead), mg/N 0.1 0m3 0.1 0.1 .1 3.4 Cd ium Nm3 0.02 0.-compounds (as cadm ), mg/ 0.02 0.02 02 4. Emissions (maxi alues): mal v 4.1 4.10-3 .10-2 1Dust, g/sec 1.4.10-2 1.2 .2.10-2

4.2 2.4.10-3 0-3 7Zn, g/sec */ 8.4.10-3 7.2.1 .2.10-3

4.3 4.10-5 0-4 11.4.10-4 1.2.1 .2.10-4Pb, g/sec 4.4 Cd c 2.8.10-5 8.10-6 2.4.10-4 2.4.10-4

, g/se

*/ Zinc is not a subject of standardization, as indicated in Regulation No 1/2005

109

T ble 6.1-

Maximal ground-level concentrations and critical dispersion parameters

Maximal ground level concentration

Atmosphere stability class

Critical speed of

wind

a 7

No Source of emissions

Distance to the source

Type of conta-

minants

mg/m3 - m/sec Dust 5.0561 Е-03 "A" 1.0

Zn 3.0337 Е-03 "A" 1.0 Pb 5.0561 Е-05 "A" 1.0

1

Cd .0785 Е-08 "A" .0

Stack К2

172

7 1Dust 12 Е-03 "A" 4.51 1.0

Z 67 E " n 3=70 -03 "A 1.0

P 2 Е- " b 4.511 05 "А 1.0

2

ack 3

C 4 Е- "

StК

62

d 9.022 06 "A 1.0D 4 Е- " ust 6.362 04 "A 1.0

Z 74 E " n 3=81 -04 "A 1.0 P 4 Е- " b 6.362 06 "А 1.0

3

ck 4

C 8 Е- "

158 Sta

Кd 1.272 07 "A 1.0

D 0 Е- " ust 6.558 03 "A 1.0

Z 8 Е- " n 3.934 03 "A 1.0 Pb 5580 Е-05 "А" 6. 1.0

4 ck

А Cd Е-07 "

81

1.5739 "A 1.0

StaК4-

Dust 1.4218 Е-02 "A" 1.0 Zn 8.5308 Е-03 "A" 1. 0

Pb 9.0811 Е-05 "А" 1.0

Joint n of

117

5 operatioall stacks

(К2, К3 and К4) 1/

Cd 8.2063 Е-06 "A" 1.0

1/ Technological reasons allow simultaneou ration of sta 2, К3 and К e stack А (at the ext lo for spar u usly with k К4 (for burnt blende in s trаc

Table 6

position rou ent or of pheric q .1-

al eveatio

, si

the

MACmax, single

s ope cks К 4 – th К4- ernal si e burnt blende) cannot operate sim ltaneo

stac ection “wet ex tion”)

.1-8 Juxta of maximal g nd-level conc rations with n ms for MACatmos uality (Table 6 1)

Maximground l l MAC concentr n

max ngle 1/

%of No

Source of em s

D

s

pe ontanan

mg/m3 mg/m3 % ission

istance Tyto the coource mi

f -ts

Dust 5.0561 Е-03 0.50 1.0 Zn 3.0337 Е-03 0.05 6.1 Pb 5.0561 Е-05 0.0005 10.1

1

Stack – К2

172

Cd 7.0785 Е-08 0.00002 < 1

110

Maximal ground level concentration

MAC max, single 1/

% of the

MACmax, singleNo

Source of emissions

Distance to the source

Type of conta-

minants mg/m3 mg/m3 %

Dust 4.5112 Е-03 0.50 < 1 Zn 3=7067 E-03 0.5 7.4 Pb 4.5112 Е-05 0.0005 9.0

2

Stack – К3

62

Cd 9.0224 Е-06 0.00002 45.1 Dust 6.3624 Е-04 0.50 < 1 Zn 3=8174 E-04 0.05 < 1 Pb 6.3624 Е-06 0.0005 1.3

3

Stack – К4

158

Cd 1.2728 Е-07 0.00002 < 1 Dust 6.5580 Е-03 0.50 1.3 Zn 3.9348 E-03 0.05 7.9 Pb 6.5580 Е-05 0.0005 13.1

4

Stack – К4-А

81

Cd 1.5739 Е-07 0.00002 < 1 Dust 1.4218 Е-02 0.50 2.8 Zn 8.5308 E-03 0.05 17.1 Pb 9.0811 Е-05 0.0005 18.2

5

Joint operation of

all stacks (К2, К3 and

К4)

117

Cd 9.2063 Е-06 0.00002 46.0

Table 6.1-9

Matrix for compliance of the ground-level concentrations created by point sources the norm ent

Compliance with Regulation

with ative requirem s of MAC

No ce of emissions

No 9/03.05/1999 No 14/13.09/1997

Sour Contaminants

Dust - yes Zn - yes Pb yes -

1

Stack К2

Cd - yes Dust yes Zn - yes Pb yes -

2

Stack К3

Cd - yes Dust - yes Zn - yes Pb yes -

3

Stack К4

Cd - yes Dust - yes Zn - да Pb yes -

4

Stack К4-А

Cd - yes Dust - yes

111

Zn - yes Pb yes -

5 Stack

Cd - yes Table 6.1-10

Ground-level concentrations of the emitted by stack K2 dust and heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium)

Distance, m

Dust, mg/m3

Zn, mg/m3

Pb, mg/m3

Cd, mg/m3

50 1.5168 Е-03 9.1008 Е-04 1.5168 Е-05 2.1235 Е-08 100 4.0449 Е-03 3.4269 Е-03 4.0449 Е-05 5.6628 Е-08 200 4.5505 Е-03 2.7303 Е-03 4.5505 Е-05 5.3706Е-08 500 2.9819 Е-03 1.7891 Е-03 2.9819 Е-05 4.0347 Е-08 1000 1.3146 Е-03 7.8876 Е-04 1.3146 Е-05 1.8404 Е-08 1500 6.0673 Е-04 3.6404 Е-04 6.0673 Е-06 8.4942 Е-09 2000 3.5393 Е-04 2.1236 Е-04 3.5393 Е-06 4.9549 Е-09 2500 2.2752 Е-04 1.3651 Е-04 2.2752 Е-06 3.1853 Е-09 3000 1.5685 Е-04 9.4110 Е-05 1.5685 Е-06 2.3359 Е-09

MAC* 0.50 (5.00 Е -01)

0.05 (5.00 E-02)

0.0005 (5.0 E-04)

0.00002 (2.00 Е-05)

Table 6.1-11

Ground-level concentrations of emitted from stack K3 dust and heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium)

Distance, m

Dust, mg/m3

Zn, mg/m3

Pb, mg/m3

Cd, mg/m3

50 4.0149 Е-03 2.4089 Е-03 4.0149 Е-05 8.0299 Е-06 100 4.1503 Е-03 2.4902 Е-03 4.1503 Е-05 8.3006 Е-06 200 2.3909 Е-03 1.4345 Е-03 2.3909 Е-05 4.7819 Е-06 500 5.4134 Е-04 3.2480 Е-04 5.4134 Е-06 1.0827 Е-06 1000 1.8045 Е-04 1.0827 Е-04 1.8045 Е-06 3.6089 Е-07 1500 9.4735 Е-05 5.6841 Е-05 9.4735 Е-07 1.9947 Е-07 2000 7.6690 Е-05 4.6014 Е-05 7.6690 Е-07 1.5338 Е-07 2500 5.8646 Е-05 3.5187 Е-05 5.8646 Е-07 1.1729 Е-07 3000 3.1578 Е-05 1.8947 Е-05 3.1578 Е-07 5.3116 Е-08 MAC 0.50

(5.00 Е -01) 0.05

(5.00 E-02) 0.0005

(5.0 E-04) 0.00002

(2.00 Е-05)

* MAC – Maximum Admissible Concentrations – translator’s note

112

Table 6.1-12

Ground-level concentrations of emitted from stack K4 dust and heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium)

Разстояние, m

Прах, mg/m3

Zn, mg/m3

Pb, mg/m3

Cd, mg/m3

50 1.9723 Е-04 1.1834Е-04 1.9723 Е-06 3.9457 Е-08 100 5.4080 Е-04 3.2448 Е-04 5.4080 Е-06 1.0819 Е-07 200 5.9171 Е-04 3.5503 Е-04 5.9171 Е-06 1.1837 Е-07 500 3.4993 Е-04 2.0996 Е-04 3.4993 Е-06 7.0014 Е-08 1000 1.4633 Е-04 8.7798 Е-05 1.4633 Е-06 2.9274 Е-08 1500 7.6394 Е-05 4.5836 Е-05 7.6394 Е-07 1.5275 Е-08 2000 4.1356 Е-05 2.4814 Е-05 4.1356 Е-07 8.2732 Е-09 2500 2.1632 Е-05 1.2997 Е-05 2.1632 Е-07 4.3275 Е-09 3000 1.2089 Е-05 7.2534 Е-06 1.2089 Е-07 2.4183 Е-09 MAC 0.50

(5.00 Е -01) 0.05

(5.00 E-02) 0.0005

(5.0 E-04) 0.00002

(2.00 Е-05) Table 6.1-13

Ground-level concentrations of emitted from stack K4-A dust and heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium)

Distance, m

Dust, mg/m3

Zn, mg/m3

Pb, mg/m3

Cd, mg/m3

50 5.5743 Е-03 3.3446 Е-03 5.5743 Е-05 1.3378 Е-07 100 6.2301 Е-03 6.2301 Е-03 6.2301 Е-05 1.6567 Е-07 200 4.2627 Е-03 4.2627 Е-03 4.2627 Е-05 1.0231 Е-07 500 1.7707 Е-03 1.7707 Е-03 1.7707 Е-05 3.4626 Е-08 1000 3.7381 Е-04 3.7381 Е-04 3.7381 Е-06 8.9712 Е-09 1500 1.9018 Е-04 1.9018 Е-04 1.9018 Е-06 4.5643 Е-09 2000 1.3772 е-04 1.3772 Е-04 1.3772 е-06 3.3052 Е-09 2500 1.1149 Е-04 1.1149 Е-04 1.1149 Е-06 2.6756 Е-09 3000 8.5254 Е-05 8.5254 Е-05 8.5254 Е-07 2.0461 Е-09 MAC 0.50

(5.00 Е -01) 0.05

(5.00 E-02) 0.0005

(5.0 E-04) 0.00002

(2.00 Е-05) Таблица 6.1-14

Ground-level concentrations of emitted jointly by stacks К2, К3 and К4 dust and heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium)

Distance, m

Dust, mg/m3

Zn, mg/m3

Pb, mg/m3

Cd, mg/m3

50 9.9526 Е-03 5.9716 Е-03 5,3568 Е-05 5.7444 Е-06 100 1.4218 Е-02 8.5308 Е-03 9.0811 Е-05 8.2063 Е-06 200 1.0948 Е-02 6.5688 Е-03 6.9924 Е-05 6.3189 Е-06 500 4.6919 Е-03 2.8151 Е-03 2.9968 Е-05 2.7081 Е-06

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1000 1.2796 Е-03 7.6776 Е-04 9.1730 Е-06 7.3857 Е-07 1500 6.3981 Е-04 3.8398 Е-04 4.0865 Е-06 3.5928 Е-07 2000 3.8389 Е-04 2.3033 Е-04 2.4519 Е-06 2.2157 Е-07 2500 2.9858 Е-04 1.7915 Е-04 1.9071 Е-06 1.7233 Е-07 3000 2.1327 Е-04 1.2796 Е-04 1.3622 Е-06 1.2309 Е-07 MAC 0.50

(5.00 Е -01) 0.05

(5.00 E-02) 0.0005

(5.0 E-04) 0.00002

(2.00 Е-05) According to the IP, during the construction of the new installations and after their commissioning, negative impact on the atmospheric air quality is not expected, as in the area of the site, so in the entire LZC AD region. The above presented data of the carried out imission assessment confirm the expected negligible impact on the atmospheric air quality, in both cases – at independent emission from one stack, or at simultaneous emissions from all stacks. Generalized assessment of the impact on the atmospheric air

As regards the way of impact action – direct, much below the admissible imission norms;

As regards the duration of the impact – continuous, long duration; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected.

6.1.2. Impact on the waters For control and assessment of the impact on the water intake quality in the area of LZC AD there are three stations of the National waters monitoring network: Station No 30061279 – on Arda River, after the town of Kardjali; Station 30061537 – at the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”, and station No 74 – capped spring Studen Kladenets, 0.3 km northwards of the village Studen Kladenets (the spring has its source from paleogenic rhyolites). The carried out monitoring shows a good condition of the observed surface waters in the Arda River valley. Good is also the condition of the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”, the intake of wastewaters from the currently operating production units of LZC AD. All taken and tested after 1996 samples demonstrated compliance with the design category III in respect of content of heavy metals. The registered above-the-norm contaminations are due to biogenic substances (forms of nitrogen, phosphates) and petrol products, which has no relation with the LZC AD’s activity. After realization of the Investment Proposal, substantial change in the regime of the surface and underground waters in the area of the Complex is not expected. In comparison with the current production, the amount of wastewaters will be considerably diminished after the commissioning of the new installations and enlargements, regardless that the annual production capacity will rise up to 45 000 tons of zinc ingots (see above item …). This reduction of the wastewaters flow-rate will come, as from diminishing the flow-rate of the conditionally clean waters (mainly from the cooling cycles of the installation for roasting concentrates and the system for sulphuric acid), so from the flow-rate of wastewaters running towards the WWTP. According to the IP, the flow-rate of the waste washing acids will be diminished (in average down to 4 m3/h). Maintaining a

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relatively constant flow-rate and a constant concentration of the sulphuric acid in the waste flow will allow an optimal reagent regime of the WWTP, in this way avoiding the incidental violations of the MAC norms, which are observed with the current production. The renovated sewerage in the sections of the new production units (“sulphuric acid” shop and “electrolysis” shop, as well as the new surface insulations and consolidations of the sites’ surfaces, will exclude infiltration of eventual leaks as well as contacts with underground waters. Some diminishing of the domestic wastewaters flow-rate is expected, mainly due to reduction of the servicing staff in the new “electrolysis” shop (of workers for manual stripping-off the cathode zinc). Generalized assessment of the impact on the waters

As regards the way of impact action – direct (by emissions with the wastewaters);

As regards the duration of the impact – continuous, long duration; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected.

6.1.3. Impact on the earth bowels, grounds and soils

In compliance with the IP, the new installations and reconstructions of currently operating ones will be erected on surfaces within the industrial site of LZC AD, for which site the Company possesses a Title Deed for ownership under No 12/1998. During the construction are envisaged excavation-filling works, related to not-deep foundation of building and equipment, which practically will not disturb the geological base and underground waters status. During the construction is not envisaged building of new external road connections, as well as infringing lands and soils outside the territory of the Complex by the construction works. Regardless of this, may be expected that during the construction, owing to movement of construction machinery, certain changes of the lands and soils within the very Complex’s site may occur, as well as through eventual infiltration of contaminated waters may be affected soils in the lower territories, located southwards of the site. In its essence the IP is ecologically oriented. The impact on the environmental components, including on soils, will be substantially reduced in comparison with that of the current production. With its realization will be substantially diminished the dust-gas emissions, the expected impact on the soils in the region will be minimal. It is envisaged to provide all structures within the buildings, or located in open sites, where during operation exists potential risk of leakages of technological solutions, with acid-resistant flooring and a system for returning the solutions in the basic scheme (collecting sump with a pump). By these measures will be removed all risks of additional lands and soils contamination within the territory of the Complex.

Generalized assessment of the impact on the earth bowels, grounds and soils

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As regards the way of impact action – direct (by dust-gas emissions), and indirect (by emissions with wastewaters);

As regards the duration of the impact – continuous, long duration; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected.

6.1.4. Impact upon flora and fauna The impact upon the flora and fauna in the region of LZC AD may be accomplished directly – i.e. direct impact of the emitted deleterious substances by means of air or water, or indirectly – by contaminated lands and soils. According to the IP, the project is with expressed ecological character. Its realization will result in very low dust-gas emissions of the Zinc Plant as a whole. The realization of the project will contribute to disencumbering the operation of the WWTP, restricting the eventual contamination of the water intake, the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets”. The stabilization of the jarosite cakes before storing leads to better waste management and in this way reduces the contamination of soils and vegetation in the region, as well as improves the conditions in the natural habitat of the animal world. Generalized assessment of the impact on the flora and fauna in the region

As regards the way of impact action – direct (by dust-gas emissions), and indirect (by emissions with wastewaters and contaminated soils);

As regards the duration of the impact – continuous, long duration; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected; controlled

transfer of contaminants by air and water routs; significantly reduced in comparison with the currently operating production of the Zinc Plant.

6.1.5. Impact of the waste on the environment The impact of the waste on the environment in the area of LZC AD may be accomplished directly – i.e. direct impact of dust emissions by air, which result from wind pulverization of materials in the open storage ponds, as well as by water routs – trough contaminated by infiltration land and soils within the territory of the Complex. After the introduction of jarosite cakes stabilization (see above item 5.6.2), the mobility of the harmful components (heavy metals, sulphate and chlorine ions) has been restricted to be under the admissible limits of their solubility (requirements of Directive 1999/31/ EC of 26.08.1999, updated for the country by Regulation No 8 of 24.08.1999). By this are promoted conditions for storing the jarosite cakes in a specified temporary storage pond. After building and commissioning the new storage pond, the way of storing the stabilized cakes will entirely satisfy the requirements of the hazardous waste management, regulated by the above documents. Generalized assessment of the waste impact (under the conditions of a temporary storage pond)

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As regards the way of impact action – direct (by dust-gas emissions from wind pulverization), and indirect (by emissions with infiltration waters, and contaminated soils);

As regards the duration of the impact – limited period of time, till commissioning the new storage pond for hazardous waste;

As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local, within the territory of the Complex (site’s storage pond No 2 – see above item 5.6.1);

Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected. 6.1.6. Impact of the harmful physical factors on the environment In excavations works related to construction, the operations of the construction machinery will be sources of noise. The construction machinery may emit noise with level exceeding 85 dBa. Cut-hole blasting will not be employed. According to the IP, with commissioning of the new production units, substantial alteration of the situation in respect of risky energy sources – noise, vibrations, heat radiation, microclimate, is not expected. The expected noise level values during exploitation will be under the admissible norms for a work environment (below 70 dBa), and at 2m outside the buildings will not exceed 60 dBa. The IP provides a prerequisite for engineering and implementation of design solutions, which will minimize the noise loading in the work premises and the environment, caused by aggregates and equipment with moving parts, work with compressed air, etc. Aggregates emitting raised noise loading – the air blower JL 01 G001 at the FB furnace (see Graphical Appendix No 2.A), and the gas blower AD 01 G002 at the system for sulphuric acid (see Graphical Appendix No 3.A), will be installed in closed rooms (separated chambers with brickwork walls), preventing them from rendering unfavourable impact on the environment and from creating acoustic discomfort in the work environment. Owing to the sufficient remoteness of the object, the production noise is practically without importance for settlements, the Kardjaly district that is near the LZC. The zones with noise loading and acoustic discomfort are of significance only for the staff working in the industrial site.

The servicing staff will not be in direct contact with the machines and equipment that generate vibrations, so the impact on the staff will be limited to the periods of inspection and control of the aggregates. With proper design and execution of the foundations, with technical serviceability of the machines, impact of vibrations exceeding the top admissible concentrations (MAC) of BDS** 12.1.012-80 is not expected. In comparison with the existing situation, substantially will improve the microclimate in the new electrolysis shop - improved sanitary-technical ventilation and reduced concentration of sulphur acid aerosols. At commissioning of the new objects will be made assessment of the emitted into the environment noise, in compliance with the “Methods for determining the total acoustic power emitted by an industrial enterprise into the environment and determining the noise level” (Ministry of Environment and Waters, Order No RD – 536/27.12.1999). ** BDS stands for Bulgarian State Standard –Translator’s note

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Use of ionising radiation sources is not envisaged, so during the construction and operation of the installation, impact on the radiation status in the work premises and the environment in the region is not expected.

The considered physical factors (noise and vibrations, radiations) cannot render unfavourable impact on the environment due to their limited power and their installation in closed rooms. These factors are not risky for the health of residents of the neighbouring settlements, as well as of those working in the neighbourhood. Special preventive measures in this respect are not needed. Generalized assessment of the impact of the harmful physical factors

As regards the way of impact action – direct on the workers when they contact aggregates with raised noise for control and servicing;

As regards the duration of the impact – permanent; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local, in the respective

production sections; Degree of impact – negligible; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected.

6.1.7. Impact of the hazardous substances on the environment

The zinc production of LZC AD involves use of hazardous substances – mainly as reagents (see above item 5.7). Due to the specific character of the production, the impact of the hazardous substances is limited within the frames of the production sections and may affect only limited number of the servicing staff. These substances are stored in covered store premises, with limited access, observing the respective requirements. This practice will be observed also after the objects begin operations. Use of hazardous substances during the construction is not envisaged. For the excavation works will not be used explosive materials, hence special measures are not needed. The impact of the hazardous substances on the environment is very limited, as in the conditions of the currently operating Zinc Plant, so in the future operations of the new installations, owing to the following specific prerequisites:

• On the territory of LZC AD are not used or stored hazardous substances or preparations, in amounts equal or exceeding the quantities under Appendix 3. Chapter VII of the EPA. This applies also for the reagents in the category of hazardous substances, which will be used in the future operations of the new LZC AD’s installations, - roasting shop, shop for sulphuric acid and electrolysis shop;

• Not used, and not envisaged in the IP for use are raw materials or products, which are subject of the Regulation on hazardous chemical substances, preparations and products liable to ban on use and trading;

• Not used, and not envisaged for use are also organic solvents, which are within the scope of Directive 1999/13/EC on restricting the emissions of volatile organic compounds;

• Not envisaged is the use of asbestos and asbestos containing materials.

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Generalized assessment of the hazardous substances impact

As regards the way of impact action – direct, on the staff that use them; As regards the duration of the impact – long duration; As regards the territorial scope of the impact – local, within the territory of

certain production sections; Cumulative and combined impact on the environment – not expected.

6.2. Utilization of the natural resources

At construction of the new objects is not envisaged utilization of natural resources, except the respective amounts of standard construction materials - concrete, reinforcement steel, mortar, metal structures, etc., as well as some waterproof and heat insulation materials. In the IP is stated that during the operation of the objects will be used the natural resource zinc concentrate (local and foreign supplies) and industrial water from the artificial lake “Karjali”. For the new installations is envisaged utilization of the same natural resources as in the current zinc production, but in changed quantities, namely:

Zinc concentrates The annual average of processed zinc concentrates with chemical composition corresponding to the data given in Table 2.3-2 will amount to 95 000 tons/year, respectively, 260.3 t/h daily average. According to the IP, in the production of zinc ingots is envisaged to achieve a degree of zinc extraction not below 95%. Water for technological needs

According to the IP, which is based on Pre-Basic Engineering stage, the consumption of water by the new installations is as follows: Consumption of water in shops “roasting” and “sulphuric acid”

The total consumption of industrial water for the produces of both new shops will amount to 885 m3/h (respectively, a daily 24-hours average of 21 240 m3/d). From this quantity, 852 m3/h is cooling water, which is evacuated as “conditionally clean water”, and 33 m3/h is water for technological needs; out of the latter quantity 11 m3/h are contaminated waters from the chemical water purification and wet purification of gases, which are forwarded to the Complex’s WWTP for treatment (see above item 6.1.2, fig. 6.1.2), while the remaining 22 m3/h are used for watering the layer of the FB furnace (4 m3/h), for producing steam in the waste-heat boiler (14 m3/h) and in the final product of sulphuric acid. Consumption of water in the“Electrolysis” shop The total consumption of water for electrolysis will be 127 m3/day (the respective annual average consumption is 46 360 m3/y), distributed as follows:

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– 6 m3/day for washing the electrolysis equipment; – 6 m3/day for preparation of the strontium carbonate suspension; – 8 m3/day for washing the atmospheric cooling towers (ACT’s); – 8 m3/day for the shower of the special crane; – 64 m3/day for washing the cathode zinc; – 35 m3/day for cleaning and washing the anodes. On the grounds of the indicated in the Pre-Basic-Engineering of Outokumpu Technology and Asturiana de Zinc data, the annual average consumption of industrial water will amount to about 7 799 000 m3/y. The annual consumption of industrial water in the current zinc production is 9 917 825 m3/y (Table 4.1.1 in the Application for obtaining a Complex Permission – see Text Appendices No 2). Juxtaposition of those data shows considerable reduction of water consumption, despite the raised by about 40 % production rate – 45 000 t/y zinc ingots. The consumption of drinking water for sanitary-hygienic needs will remain practically unchanged, compared to the current production (annually about 65 000 m3, respectively a daily average of about 180 m3/24h). As indirect natural resources, which will be used after the IP realization, have to be pointed out the consumption of electrical energy and liquid fuels (diesel fuel or naphtha). As indirect natural resources, used during operation of the new objects, may be mentioned: Electrical energy for technological needs The Zinc Plant, employing the electrolysis process as a final production stage, has to be listed among the large-scale electricity consumers. The IP specifies a total hourly average consumption of about 22 100 kWh/h, distributed as follows:

• 1400 kWh/h for the roasting shop (FB furnace, waste-heat boiler, compressors, dry dust collection, chemical water purification for the boiler, etc.);

• 1300 kWh/h for the sulphuric acid shop, including the wet purification of gases (gas blower, pumps, wet electrical filters, and others)

• 19 280 kWh/h for the “wet extraction” shop – after the reconstruction, and the new electrolysis shop (pumps, agitators, the electroextraction technological process, electrical motors at the specialized crane and the stripping machine, ACT fans, and others).

• 120 kWh/h for the cadmium production (agitators, pumps, electrolysis tubs, and others).

On the grounds of the indicated hourly averages is obtained a total annual consumption of electrical energy of 195 596 000 kWh/y, which corresponds to a specific consumption of about 4300 kWh/t of zinc ingots. As per the developed Pre-Basic-Engineering of Asturiana de Zinc, for the new electrolysis shop is guaranteed specific consumption of electrical energy in the amount of 3100 kWh per ton of cathode zinc, what is in line with best achievements in the branch. The expected distribution of electrical energy among the new production consumers was presented above in item 2.5 – in Table 2.5-1.

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Fuels About 100 tons of diesel fuel for pre-heating, out of which 70 t for pre-heating the FB furnace before starting, and 30 t for pre-heating the contact device of the sulphuric acid system. At the same time, the waste-heat boiler of the new roasting installation will produce 14.7 t/h overheated steam with 40 at pressure, which after reducing its pressure to 8 at will be entered into the common steam-water system of the Complex. The producing of steam by using secondary energy resources (the heat of the roasting gases) will lead to an annual economy of more than 6000 t of fuel oil in the Complex’s steam facility. 6.3. Emissions of harmful substances in normal operation and in extraordinary situations, generated waste and creation of discomfort 6.3.1. Emissions into the atmospheric air with waste gases In the IP are envisaged two flows of SO2-containing waste gases from the new installations:

• Waste gases flow, leaving after the DCDA system for sulphuric acid (stack K1, located as shown in the situation plan in Graphical Appendix No 1);

• Waste gases flow, existing during the pre-heating of the roasting furnace by diesel fuel, before starting the FB furnace after repair or prolonged stay; the flow bypasses the system for sulphuric acid, and after the wet dust collector, is evacuated through the so-called emergency stack of the furnace (stack K1-A, located as shown in the situational plan in Graphical Appendix No 1);

As follows from the presented in fig. 6.3-1 equipment scheme and the

situational plans in fig. 3.1-1 and 3.1-2 (see above item 3.1), in line with both indicated waste flows, will be formed also the following powdered gas flows, created by treatment of the burnt blende from the BL roasting furnace:

• Ventilation flow, after a sleeve filter, running towards the mill for the burnt blende from the FB furnace (stack K3 – fig. 3.1-1 in item 3.1);

• Ventilation flow from an intermediary bunker for burnt blende, running after a sleeve filter, towards the intermediary bunker for burnt blende (stack K2 in fig. 6.3-1);

• Air flow from the pneumatic transport, running after a sleeve filter towards the bunker for burnt blende in section “wet extraction”, above the agitators of the so-called neutral extraction stage (stack K5 in fig. 6.3-1);

• Air flow from the pneumatic transport, after a sleeve filter, running towards the external silo for burnt blende (stack K5-A in fig. 6.3-1 – reserve 2000 t bunker).

The location of those stationary sources of dust emissions is shown also in the

situational plan in Graphical appendix No 1).

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6.3.1.1. Emissions in waste gases from the new roasting shop and the shop for sulphuric acid. A. Emission situation in the stack of the system for sulphuric acid The main flow of waste gases is evacuated through the 50-meters stack after the DCDA system for sulphuric acid. In the IP is envisaged construction of a modern FB furnace and a DCDA system for sulphuric acid under technology of Outokumpu Technology as well as supply of the basic equipment from the same company, which guarantees high degree of sulphur utilization (above 99 %). This conclusion follows from the given in Table 6.3-1 balance data for distribution of the sulphur among flows (as SO2). Outokumpu Technology guarantees residual content of sulphur dioxide in the stack gas flow below 0.01 vol. % SO2, respectively, below 286 mg/Nm3 (for further assessment and analysis we accept 300 mg/Nm3). The emission picture in the 50-meters stack, juxtaposed with the norms for admissible per Regulation No 1 of 27.06.2005 concentrations, is presented in Table 6.3-2. In compliance with art.54, item 1 of Regulation No 1/2005, the MAE for sulphur dioxide is made equal to 2.6 kg SO2 for 1 ton of 100 % sulphuric acid. According to the presented in Table 1.3-1 balance data, the losses of SO2 with waste gases in the stack (9.05 kg/h SO2 for 11.958 t/h of 100 % H2SO4) corresponds to 0.8 kg SO2 for 1 ton of 100 % sulphuric acid, what is only 30 % of the emissions allowed by the norms.

According to the IP, the emissions of sulphur trioxide will be below the MAE norm of 60 mg/Nm3 SO3 (art. 54, item 2 of Regulation No 1/2005).

Table 6.3-1

Sulphur dioxide in the gas flow Flows – dry mass Gas flow rate,

Nm3/h SO2, % vol. SO2, kg/h SO2, t/y At the entrance of the FB furnace

(24 761 air) - - -

After the FB furnace 24 087 11.25 7 809 61 210 After the WHB 24 309 11.0 7 809 61 210 Afer the DEF 25 288 10.55 7 809 61 210 After the DCDA system (gases in the stack)

31 638 < 0.01 (<286 mg/Nm3)

9.05 */ 71

*/ The balance hourly average amounts to 11.958 t/h of 100 % H2SO4.

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Table 6.3-2

Characteristic of the evacuating device (stack K1) and expected emission values in the waste gases after the DCDA system

Parameters of the evacuating device (stack К1) and the waste gases flow

Unit Value

1 Geometrical characteristics of the stack: - height m 50 - diameter of the throat m 1.62 2. Characteristics of the waste flow:

- gas flow rate 1/ Nm3/h 31 638 1/

- temperature of the gas flow 0 С 75 3. Contents within the stack gas flow: - sulphur dioxide (SO2) mg/Nm3 < 286 1/

- sulphur trioxide (SO3) mg/Nm3 < 60 - dust mg/Nm3 < 0.1 2/

4. Maximal emission values: - sulphur dioxide (SO2) kg/h 9.05 - sulphur trioxide (SO3) kg/h 1.90 - dust kg/h < 0.003 5. Juxtaposition with MAE for SO2 MAE for SO2 kg/t H2SO4 2.6 3/

SO2 in the gases kg/t H2SO4 0.8 К = (ЕSO2) / (MAESO2) - 0.31 1/ Per data of the preliminary material balance of Outokumpu Technology. 2/ After the contact device, practically there is not any dust in the gas flow. 3/ Regulation No 1/2005 – art. 54, item 1.

On the grounds of the expected sulphur dioxide emissions has been made also an imission assessment of the harmful emissions dispersion; used was the Plume dispersion method (see above item 6.1). B. Emission situation in the so-called “starting stack” of the FB furnace

According to the IP, before the initial start of the FB furnace (eventually before starting after more than a 24 hours outage), it is necessary to heat the furnace until it enters into a normal technological regime, in which gases after the wet electrical filters are deviated to the so-called starting stack (stack K1.A), will run towards the system for sulphuric acid. Use of fuel oil is excluded. For pre-heating will be used diesel oil (naphta) – for this purpose is envisaged a 100 m3 reservoir. Expected is a maximal consumption of naphtha in the amount of 3 t/h, the maximal duration of the pre-heating being (in case of initial start) 24 hours). During this starting period the system for sulphuric acid is not working and through the main stack K1 are not evacuated emissions towards the atmosphere. There will be few other outages with shorter duration. In Table 6.3-3 are

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presented recommended characteristics of diesel fuel to be used for pre-heating of the furnace.

Table 6.3-3

Recommended characteristics of the diesel fuel used for pre-heating the FB furnace

Characteristics Test method Recommended requirements

Density at 15 0 C, kg/l ASTM D 1298 0.99 Cetan number ASTM D 613 40 Content of sulphur, mg/kg ASTM D 2622 3.2 max 50 Content of aromatic compounds ASTM D 1319 53 Water, % mass ASTM D 95 0.1 Sediment, % mass ASTM D 473 0.15 Ash, %mass ASTM D 482 0.01 Ignition point, º С ASTM D 93 57 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ºC, cSt ASTM D 445 1.3- 4 Gross caloric value, MJ/Kg ASTM D 240 > 42

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The second stationary source of SO2 emissions is stack K1.A, which is intended for smoke gases obtained from pre-heating of the FB furnace by burning diesel fuel (naphtha) before its initial start, or starting after a longer outage. The smoke gases towards stack K1.A pass through the entire purification tract (waste-heat boiler, dry electrical filter, system for wet purification of the gas), and after the electrical filters are suctioned by a fan (with capacity 26 000 Nm3/h) and evacuated through stack K2. In this wastegases flow may be expected small amounts of sulphur dioxide emissions, because for the pre-heating of the FB furnace is used low-sulphur fuel (diesel fuel or naphta). The emission situation of the so-called 30-m emergency stack (stack K1.A) at the concentrate roasting systems and the production of sulphuric acid, is juxtaposed in Table 6.3-4 with the norms for admissible emissions, specified by Regulation No 1 of 27.06.2005. The SO2 emissions are determined for maximal sulphur content in the diesel fuel (50 mg/kg). For quantitative assessment of the emission situation in stack K1.A, regarding the carbon monoxide content, has been used the computing methodology of SNEA (Selective Nomenclature of the Emissions in the Air), which has been developed for the concrete Bulgarian conditions on the base of the methodological instruments in the guide of CORINAIR-94 and SNAR-94. For diesel fuel (gas oil or naphtha) were used data from Table 1D for the so-called carbon monoxide emission factor EF = 12.0 g/GJ – SNEA code–94: 020103, Section 6. For calorific ability of the diesel fuel equal to 45 GJ/t and maximal consumption during the pre-heating of 2 t/h (see above item 2.3.2.8) will be emitted 1080 g/h carbon monoxide. For a normal smoke gases flow rate of 26 000 Nm3/h in stack K1.A is obtained a maximal CO concentration of 42 mg/Nm3.

Table 6.3-4

Characteristics of the evacuating device (the so-called starting stack K1.A) and expected values of SO2 emissions in the waste smoke gases from the pre-heating of the FB furnace

Parameters of the evacuating device (stack К1) and the waste gases flow

Unit Value

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Parameters of the evacuating device (stack К1) and the waste gases flow

Unit Value

1 Geometrical characteristics of the stack: - height m 30 - diameter of the throat m 1,20 2. Characteristics of the waste flow:

- gas flow rate Nm3/h 26 000 1/

- temperature of the gas flow 0 С 38 3. Contents within the stack gas flow: - sulphur dioxide (SO2) mg/Nm3 < 10 - carbon monoxide (CO) mg/Nm3 42 2/

4. Maximal emission values: - sulphur dioxide (SO2) kg/h 0,26 - carbon monoxide (CO) kg/h 1,09 5. Juxtaposition with MAE for SO2 MAE for SO2 kg/t H2SO4 400 3/

SO2 in the gases (maximal) kg/t H2SO4 10 К = (ЕSO2) / (MAESO2) - 0,025 6. Juxtaposition with MAE for CO MAE for CO kg/t H2SO4 170 4/

CO in the gases (maximal) kg/t H2SO4 42 К = (ЕCO) / (MAECO) - 0,25 1/ Per data from the preliminary material balance of Outokumpu Technology. 2/ Calculated under the SNEA methodology value; data for dust not available. 3/ Regulation No 1/2005 (Appendix No 2 to art. 13, para. 1 and art. 35, item 3). 4/ Regulation No 1/2005 (Appendix No 7 to art. 21, para 1.

C. Dust emissions from the installation for roasting zinc concentrates – mill for burnt blende and pneumatic transport

IP envisages an aspiration system at the mill for cooled burnt blende from the FB furnace as well as two pneumatic facilities for the same, which are shown in figure 6.3-1. The pneumatic transport is accomplished by a flow of compressed air, which separates in the collection bunker, passes through a system comprising a cyclone and a sleeve filter, ending in a stack, through which it runs out into the atmosphere. In conformity with the laid in the IP Pre-Basic-Engineering of Outokumpu Technology, will be generated the following dust- carrying emissions:

• Dust emissions in the waste ventilation gases after a sleeve filter, running towards the mill for burnt blende (stack K2 – see the situational plan in Graphical Appendix No 1);

• Dust emissions after the sleeve filter at the intermediate bunker of the pneumatic transport for the burnt blende (fig. 6.3-1, stack K3);

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Stack K3

Burnt blende

Stack K4.4 Stack K4

Fig. 6.3-1 Scheme showing the stationary sources of dust emissions (stacks K.3, K4 and K4.A) at the new installation for roasting zinc concentrates

Designation meanings given on the next page – Translator’s note

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• Dust emissions after a sleeve filter of the pneumatic transport facility, running towards the bunker above the extracting agitators (neutral stage of the sulphur-acid extraction in “wet extraction” shop) – fig. 6.3.1, stack K4;

• Dust emissions after a sleeve filter of the pneumatic transport facility, running towards the silo for collecting burnt blende (volume 2000 m3) – fig. 6.3.-1, stack K4.A).

In Table 6.3-5 are given the geometrical and emission characteristics of stacks K2,

K3, K4 and K4-A, relevant to the total suspended dust and heavy metals – zinc, lead and cadmium.

Table 6.3-5

Characteristics of the evacuating devices (stacks К2, К3, К4 and К4.А) and expected values of dust and heavy metals emissions in the airflows, obtained after purification in sleeve filters

No Parameters Stack К2

Stack К3

Stack К4

Stack К4.А

1. Characteristics of the stacks: 1.1 Height: H, m 10 10 32 10 1.2 Diameter of the throat: D, m 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 2. Characteristic of the gas flow: 2.1 Temperature of the flow: Tgas, ºC

(Tgas)mean, ºC 120-150 135

120-150 135

120-150 135

120-150 135

2.2 Gas flow rate: Vºgas, Nm3/h 3500 1000 3000 3000 3. Maximal content in the gases: 3.1 Dust (non-toxic), mg/Nm3 10 10 10 10 3.2 Zn compounds (as zinc), mg/Nm3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.3 Pb compounds (as lead), mg/Nm3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.4 Cd compounds (as cadmium), mg/Nm3 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Designations per Pre-Basic Engineering of Outokumpu Technology:

JK 02 C001 – Intermediate bunker for burnt blende; JK 02 V001 – Sleeve filter wit pulse blow-down; JK 02 G001 – Suction fan (V = 1000 m3/h); JK 02 G201 and JK 02 G002 – Pneumatic facilities;

SP01 C001 – Silo for spare burnt blende (2000 tons); SP01 C002 – Bunker for burnt blende in section “extraction” of the

“wet extraction” shop;

SP 01 V001 – Sleeve filter with pulse blow-down; SP 01 G001 – Suction fan (V = 3000 m3/h); SP 02 V001 – Sleeve filter with pulse blow-down; SP 02 G001 – Suction fan (V = 3000 m3/h)

4. Emissions (maximal values): 4.1 Dust, kg/h 1.4x10-2 4x10-3 1.2x10-2 1.2x10-2

4.2 Zn, kg/h */ 8.4x10-3 2.4x10-3 7.2x10-3 7.2x10-3

4.3 Pb , kg/h 1.4x10-4 4x10-5 1.2x10-4 1.2x10-4

4.4 Cd , kg/h 2.8x10-5 8x10-6 2.4x10-4 2.4x10-4

5. Juxtaposition with MAE norms **/ 5.1 Dust: К = (Еdust) / (MAEdust) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.2 Pb: К = (ЕPb) / (MAEPb) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.3 Cd: К = (ЕCd) / (MAECd) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

*/ According to Regulation No 1/2005, zinc is not liable to norm regulation. **/ Emission norms: for dust - 20 mg/Nm3 (art. 35, para. 1 of Regulation No 1/2005), for lead - 1.0

mg/Nm3 (Appendix No 1 to art. 12, para. 1 of Regulation No 1/2005), and for cadmium - 0.05 mg/Nm3 (Appendix No 5 to art. 17, para. 1 of Regulation No 1/2005).

The expected content of dust, after data from analogous installations, will be below 10 mg/Nm3, most frequently within the scope 5 – 8 mg/Nm3 (the norm being 20 mg/Nm3 – art. 35, para. 1 of Regulation No 1/2005). This allows to adopt contents of heavy metals in the dust-gas emissions after the sleeve filters, respectively, below 6 mg/Nm3 of zinc (not liable to norm regulation), below 0.1 mg/Nm3 of lead (the norm being 1,0 mg/Nm3

Pb – Appendix No 1 to art. 12, para. 1 of Regulation No 1/2005), and below 0.02 mg/Nm3 of cadmium (the norm being 0.05 mg/Nm3 Cd – Appendix No 5 to art. 17, para 1 of Regulation No 1/2005). 6.3.1.2. Emission in waste gases from the new electrolysis shop

The IP envisages to include in the scheme of the new electrolysis shop 3 atmospheric cooling towers (ACT’s) – two for operation and one stand-by, each of them with overall dimensions 8x4 x8 m. Their main purpose is to provide continuous cooling of the electrolyte in the electrolysis tubs. The work regime of the ACT is uninterrupted in order to maintain in the tubs temperature within the range 32-33ºC. Each of them is equipped with the following additional items:

– Piping system for the delivered electrolyte – delivery pumps, regulating fittings, distribution pipe with sprinkling nozzles;

– Completed fan system at the ACT’s ; – Mist catching device (Demister); – Instruments for control of vibrations in each of both ventilation system; – Control board (common for all ACT).

The walls of the ACT and ventilation shaft are made of fibreglass panels coated with anti-corrosion vinyl-ester resin and fireproof polyester resin. All internal components in contact with the electrolyte also will have anti-corrosion protection. The electrolyte distribution pipe and the sprinkling nozzles will be of polypropylene.

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The special design of the nozzles does not allow plugging. The atomiser cone of each nozzle has an apex angle of 120o. It is envisaged that after sprinkling by the three ACT, the electrolyte will flow down into a thickener ø 12 m (reinforced concrete structure, lined by acid-resistant bricks), where will be detached the formed during the cooling gypsum crystals (the so-called gypsum purification – see fig. 1.1-6 of the Graphical Appendices). The lower discharge of the thickener, which contains the gypsum crystals, is periodically drained out and sent back into the cycle of the jarosite process high-temperature extraction, while the clear solution (the upper discharge) is included into the circulation of the electrolysis shop. Each ACT has a mist catching device (Demister), which is installed in the highest part of the tower with the purpose to restrict the emissions of acid mist in the air flow that leaves the cooling tower, down to admissible emission concentrations. Envisaged are demister blocks of the AISI316 type. They are made out of polyethylene, while the sheets are of polypropylene. The blocks will be cassette type, with easy installation and disassembling, what is helpful in cleaning and maintenance. They will be arranged in three layers, the gap between sheets varying in dependence of the layer thickness. In addition to temperature control, the ACT’s will ventilate the “Electrolysis” shop, what will restrict the level of the acid mist down to very low values. The series of tubs is serviced by a central air-escape hole in the ceiling, from which the fans of the three ACT’s suction the air through a chamber with raised pressure. The pipes in the tub secure evacuation of the airflow towards the central lane between the tub rows. This guarantees maintaining the acid mist levels in the normal work zones below 0,5 mg/m3, this value being significantly below the admissible norms (Regulation No 13 of 24.06.1992, supplemented and amended, SG, issue 11/1994 – on sulphuric acid aerosols, the MACav, shift = 1.0 mg/m3). Demisters installed on each ACT guarantee that the emissions into the environment do not exceed the established norm of 60 mg/Nm3 SO3 (art. 54, item 2 of Regulation No 1/2005).

6.3.1.3. Emissions in the waste gases produced by liable to enlargement production units of the Zinc Plant

The IP envisages enlargement of the following production sections in the Zinc Plant:

Section “jarosite process” in shop ”wet extraction” – the enlargement includes two additional jarosite reactors, each with work volume of 150 m3, and one new thickener ø 12 m.

Section “purification of zinc sulphate solutions” in shop “wet extraction” – the modernization and enlargement of the production in this section includes introducing a new, more efficient process of the so-called “activated nickel-cobalt purification” of the solutions, requiring inclusion of new equipment, as well as additional equipment for the section for extraction cadmium from copper-cadmium cakes (mechanical agitators, automatic horizontal filter-presses and others).

With those technological and equipment-wise changes in shop “wet extraction”, the emission situation remains practically unchanged. The technologies in the indicated production sections remain purely hydrometallurgical, with “wet”

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processes, which do not generate dust-gas emissions evacuated towards the atmosphere. 6.3.2. Emissions in the waters after realization of the Investment Proposal The daily average consumption of industrial water by the new installations will amount to about 21 367 m3/24h. Water employed for industrial needs is evacuated from the production units in two waste flows:

Flow of conditionally clean waters (cooling waters), which empty into the artificial lake “Studen Kladenets” along an independent sewerage, without being treated in the WWTP. Those are waters mainly from the cooling cycles of the roasting furnace and the system for sulphuric acid, which are with an average flow-rate of 852 m3/h, respectively, with a daily average of about 20 450 m3/24h (see the next fig. 6.3-2).

Flow of contaminated wastewaters liable to purification in the currently

working WWTP of the Complex. Their flow-rate is formed by combining 11 m3/h (respectively 264 m3/h) contaminated waters from the wet purification of the furnace gases and the chemical water purification (see fig. 6.3-2), as well as 127 m3/h contaminated waters from the electrolysis shop; in aggregate this makes a common flow of about 390 m3/h contaminated waters, which is to be purified in the WWTP. In terms of chemical composition those waters are sulphur-acid – containing 10-15 g/l H2SO4 and sulphate zinc in concentration of up to 10g/l zinc.

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132

Fig. 6.3-2 Preliminary water balance in the new “roasting” and “sulphuric acid” shops (after data from the Pre-Basic-Engineering of Outokumpu Technology )

Steam (14 t/h) Technical sulphuric acid (12 t/h)

WHB DCDA system

FB furnace WHB DCDA

system Wet gas

purification

400 m3/h 200 m3/h 2 m3/h 250 m3/h

Waste cooling water (852 m3/h)

Cooling water (852 m3/h)

Industrial water (33 m3/h)

FB furnace WCP Wet gas purification

4 m3/h 25 m3/h 4 m3/h

4 m3/h 7 m3/h 18 m3/h

14 m3/h 4 m3/h

Contaminated Washing waters acid

6.3.3. Generated waste

The IP envisages that after introducing into operation the new technologies, on the whole will be generated the same type of waste, as with the currently used technology – will fall away the now obtained xanthogenate cobalt cake and will appear two types of copper cakes (copper-rich cake and copper-poor cobalt-nickel cake), which will come from section “purification of solutions”. As main solid waste will remain the jarosite cake, obtained in the “extraction” section of the “extraction” shop (see above item 5.7).

Stabilized jarosite cake – code 11 02 02*: Precipitates from the zinc hydrometallurgy (including jarosite and goethite) With the now applied in the “wet extraction” shop jarosite technology is obtained washed and dewatered down to 35-40 % moisture jarosite cake (or jarosite precipitates). After stabilization it is stored in a temporary storage plot within the territory of the Zinc Plant (storage plot No 2). The expected annual quantities, as is envisaged by the IP, amount to about 35 000 t/y non-stabilized, respectively, to about 40 000 t/y of stabilized cake. In compliance with the requirements of Directive 1999/31 of 26.04.1999 and Decision 2003/33/EC of 19.12.2002 on the storage ponds (updated for the country by Regulation No 8/2005), the whole solid waste in the category “hazardous waste”, including the jarosite cakes, is liable to compulsory processing in order to stabilize it before storing (immobilization, solidification, or fixation of the water-soluble harmful constituents in the waste). In execution of the above requirements, in the Zinc Plant’s “wet extraction” shop was built and commissioned in 2006 the “installation for stabilization of jarosite cakes”, having maximal capacity of 3 t/h. The installation has been designed in compliance with a patent protected technology of LZC AD for work with powder lime (up to 5 %) and a waste fraction – 0.8 mm bentonite (10-15 %). In t llowing Table 6.3-6 are juxtaposed exemplary compositions of jarosite cakes before and after stabilization in the LZC AD’s installation. The suitability for storing of the stabilized jarosite cakes is assessed by a leaching test, in conformity with European norms, regulated in EN 12457/1-4 – a test for leaching solid waste materials and precipitates:

1. L/S = 2 l/kg, particles size < 4 mm (“small bottle test”) 2. L/S = 10 l/kg, particles size < 4 mm (“big bottle test”) 3. L/S = 2 l/kg, particles size > 4 mm(“small bottle test ”) 4. L/S = 10 l/kg, particles size > 10 mm (“big bottle test ”) Table 6.3-6 Exemplary composition of LZC AD’s jarosite cakes by basic constituents – non-stabilized and stabilized

Contents, % dry mass Non-stabilized cake Stabilized cake Constituents

Range Mean values Mean values Zn (total) 2.8 – 5.2 4.30 3.8

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Zn (acid soluble) 0.20 – 1.96 0.45 0.4 Zn (water soluble) 0.11 – 1.30 0.25 < 0.01 Fe 18,3 – 24,7 21.9 22.0 Cu 0.36 – 0.73 0.50 0.45 Pb 6.5 – 9.5 5.80 5.0 Cd 0.05 – 0.11 0.08 0.07 As 0.10 – 0.63 0.25 0.20 Sb 0.012 – 0.026 0.02 0.018 S(total) 8.9 – 11.0 9.50 9.0 S(SO4) 8.4 – 10.7 9.10 9.0 SiO2 8.9 – 16.5 11.50 13.5 other n.d. n.d. n.d.

n.d. – no data For executing the solubility test is used a specially designed test stand, while the chemical control is accomplished in the Complex’s chemical laboratory. In Table 6.3-7 are presented admissible solubility norms for carrying out leaching tests (the so-called small and big bottle test), while in the next Table 6.3-8 are juxtaposed the results from a bottle test for controlling the suitability for storing of stabilized jarosite cakes. Table 6.3-7

Admissible norms for leaching hazardous solid waste (Directive 1999/31 of 26.04.1999, Decision 2003/33/EC of 19.12.2002 and Regulation No 8/2005 on waste storing ponds)

L/S = 2 l/kg 1/ L/S = 10 l/kg 2/

Constituents mg/kg dry sample

mg/l recalculated

value

mg/kg суха проба

mg/l recalculated

value As 6 3 25 2.5 Ba 100 50 300 30 Cd 3 15 5 0.5 Crtotal 25 12.5 70 7 Cu 50 25 100 10 Hg 0.5 0.25 2 0.2 Mo 20 10 30 3 Ni 20 10 40 4 Pb 25 12.5 50 5 Sb 2 1 5 0.5 Se 4 2 7 0.7 Zn 90 45 200 20 Chlorides 17 000 8 500 25 000 2500 Sulphates 25 000 121 500 50 000 5 000

1/ Calculated on the basis of testing with a 175 g solid sample and 350 ml distilled water (so-called “small bottle test”); 2/ Calculated on the basis of testing with a 90 g solid sample and 900 ml distilled water (so-called “big bottle test”);

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Table 6.3-8

Results from a bottle test (“big bottle test”) of jarosite cakes solubility after stabilization by lime and bentonite, respectively adding 5 % and 10 % of the jarosite cake mass

Contents in the eluate after extracting of elements, mg/l

Sample No

As Cd Cu Ni Pb Sb Zn Cl SO4Norm 2.5 0.5 10 4 5.0 0.5 20 2500 5000 Sаmple No 1 0.03 <0.01 n.d. <0.01 <0.01 n.d. 0.2 251 2.7 Sаmple No 2 n.d. <0.01 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 183 2.1 Sаmple No 3 n.d. <0.01 n.d. <0.01 <0.01 n.d. n.d. 202 2.0 Sаmple No 4 n.d. <0.01 n.d. <0.01 <0.01 n.d. 0.1 Sаmple No 5 n.d. <0.01 n.d. <0.01 <0.01 n.d. 0.3 Sаmple No 6 n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.2 n.d. n.d. 0.3 3.8 Sаmple No 7 n.d. <0.01 n.d. 0.03 3.0 n.d. 1.0 202 2.5 Non-stabilized jarosite cake

2.6

120

88.2

0.6

3.1

0.2

740

n.d. n.d.

n.d. – no data Copper cake (rich on copper) – code 11 02 05*: Waste from the copper hydrometallurgy, containing hazardous substances (copper cake) According to the IP, by purification of the zinc sulphates will be obtained copper-rich cake (above 60 % copper), in an average quantity up to 900 t/y, respectively 0.02 t/t zinc. The cake is a product with market realizability. Copper-cobalt-nickel cake (poor on copper) – code 11 02 05*: Waste from the copper hydrometallurgy, containing hazardous substances (copper cake)

According to the IP, by the so-called “activated cobalt-nickel purification” of the zinc sulphate solutions will be obtained cake with poor copper content, in average quantity up to 600 t/y, respectively 0.015 t/t Zn. It is a commercial product with market realizability. The expected composition of the poor copper cake (Cu-Co-Ni cake) is as follows (in % of dry mass): 30-40 % Cu, 5-10 % Co, 1-3 % Ni, 15-25 % Zn, 1-5 % Cd, 7-12 % Pb,. 2-3 % S; content of moisture 35-40 %. The poor copper cake also is a product with market realizability.

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6.3.4. Discomfort of the work and surrounding environment

According to the IP, the commissioning of new installations will not cause substantial alteration of the situation in respect of risk energy sources – microclimate, noise, vibrations, heat radiations. Main sources of discomfort in the work and surrounding environment are physical factors – the noise and vibrations. The IP specifies that such are mainly items in the roasting shop and those from the system for sulphuric acid – the compressed air blower JL 01 G001 at the FB furnace (Graphical Appendix No 2.A) and the gas blower AD 01 G002 (Graphical Appendix No 3.A). This equipment will be installed in closed rooms (separate chambers with brick walls), what will prevent unfavourable impact on the surrounding environment and cause discomfort of the work place. The equipment in the new “electrolysis” shop and the enlargement of “wet extraction” shop features low-level noise and vibration impact, which does not affect negatively the healthy work conditions. Owing to the object remoteness, the production noise is practically without importance for the settlements – the town of Kardjali, ward of Gledka, and the near villages Ostritsa and Vishegrad. Zones with noise loading and acoustic discomfort may affect only the staff servicing the installations. The physical factors of noise and vibrations will not be risky for the health of the residents in the neighbouring settlements as well for people working in the production halls. During construction-related excavation works, sources of noise may be the construction machinery employed in digging and loading (expected moment loading up to 85-90 dBA). Envisaged is short use of such equipment. Explosive materials will not be used. At commissioning of the object will be made assessment of the emitted into the environment noise. This will be made in conformity with the “Methodology for determination of the total noise power emitted from an industrial enterprise into the environment and determination of the noise level”. In the new “electrolysis” shop are envisaged substantial improvements of the work conditions (microclimate, heat radiations, sulphur-acid evaporations and others). Envisaged is also an efficient aspiration system for evacuating sulphur-acid aerosols emitted from the electrolysis tubs, and processing the ventilation flow in the atmospheric cooling towers (ATC’s), where the aerosols are absorbed and neutralized (see above item 2.3.4.2.). The manual stripping of the cathode zinc, applied in the current production process, falls away, being done by an automatic stripping machine and specialized remotely controlled crane (see above item 2.3.4.2.). In this way is cancelled the prolonged presence of servicing staff in the electrolysis hall. The entire process will be guided from an air conditioned command centre. From a similar command centre will be controlled also the operations of the roasting furnace and the system for sulphuric acid. Use of sources of ionising radiation is not envisaged, hence during the construction and operation of the installation, impact on the radiation status in the work halls and environment in the area is not expected. According to the IP, after commissioning of the new installations, changes of the health status of people working and living in the LZC AD’s region are not expected. The production process will be accomplished with strict observation of the Instructions on the technical safety and labour hygiene for the servicing staff. The realization of the envisaged in the IP technical and technological solutions does not create any real and

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potential risk of negative impact on the environment as well as of creating discomfort in the work places. 6.3.5. Emissions into the environment during construction works In the construction stage there will be no sources of organized emissions. May be expected non-organized dust-gas emissions – dust and exhaust gases from the construction and transportation machines during excavation-filling construction works (possible harmful emissions from internal-combustion engines of the construction machines are SOх, NОх, VOS, CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NH3). It is not expected that their impact will be beyond the territory of the Complex’s site. The contamination rate of the ground-level atmospheric layer near the object will be very small and will be only during the limited time of the construction programme execution. Removal and preservation of the humic layer is not required, as well as is not expected creation of significant quantities of construction waste – mixtures of concrete, bricks, sand, gravel, shuttering, plaster, and other materials non-containing harmful substances (construction waste, code 17 01 07). The construction activities will not form waste production waters. Substantial increase in the quantities of domestic-fecal water due to additionally involved in the construction people, is also not expected. Special measures for reducing the negative impact on the environment during the construction are not needed.

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6.4. Health and hygienic aspects of the ambient and working environment 6.4.1. Potentially affected population and territories, zones and sites with specific hygienic and protection status or subject to health protection depending on the envisaged territorial range of the impacts on the environmental components

The purpose of the Investment Proposal is the modernization and enlargement of the activity of Lead and Zinc Complex AD – Kardjali through introduction of:

A new automated electrolytic workshop that will be situated inside a new industrial structure in the immediate proximity of the old workshop, on the site of the already demolished building of the former Filtering and Drying Unit.

A new Roasting workshop and an installation for production of sulphuric acid, by which the old Russian roasting furnaces of boiling layer type and the two mono-catalytic system for sulphuric acid will be replaced with modern installations of “Outokumpu Technology”.

In general, the Investment Proposal does not involve a change in the type of activities, but modernization of the available facilities for zinc concentrate processing will be implemented. In terms of the healthcare, according to the timeline of the processes, subjects of assessment are as follows:

The project for a new roasting installation and installation for sulphuric acid;

The project for a new electrolytic workshop. From the communal and hygienic standpoint, with a view to the determination of

the potentially affected population and territories the arrangement of the existing activity and the Investment Proposal is of significant importance. The industrial site of LZC AD is located within the lower East Rhodopes, which is also the reason for the transitional continental climate with some elements of mountain climate. The site is situated within the industrial area of the town of Kardjali with a distance from the outer regions of the town less than 3000 m. There are also other settlements that are situated significantly nearer to the LZC, for which settlements the health risk is essentially higher. Such ones are the villages of Vishegrad and of Ostrovitsa, located about 1500 m south of the LZC, on the other side of the Stouden Kladenets dam-like, respectively with 277 and 273 inhabitants. The “wind rose” in the region is specific, the winds being with the highest frequency and speed from the north and from the south, while the “calm” weather in the course of the year is over 50 %.

Pursuant to the legal framework all the settlements have a specific hygiene and protection status and are subject to health protection, hygiene requirements for the distance being of leading importance. Those are provided in Ordinance No. 7 of the Ministry of Healthcare on the hygiene requirements for health protection of the settlement environment (promulgated SG No. 46/ 1992, amended [SG] No. 46 of 1994, No. 89 of 1996 г. and No. 101 of 1996, No. 101 of 1997, No 20 of 1999).

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Requirements for the distance, which are applicable in this case, are included in the Appendix No. 1 of Ordinance No. 7. A production activity, pursuant to p. 140 “Extraction of non-ferrous metals (including lead, tin, copper and nickel) and production in quantities above 2000 tonnes a year” requires a hygiene and protection zone [with a radius of] 3000 m. In addition, p. 157 for „Production of zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt through an electrolytic method from their water solutions” provides a hygiene and protection zone [with a radius] of 1000 m.

In compliance with the cadastral plan of the region of Kardjali the distance between the LZC and the nearest settlements in this region – the villages of Ostrovitsa, Vishegrad, residential area Gledka, Veselchane, Dobrovolets, Sedlovina, Propast, does not satisfy the requirements of the hygiene and protection zone under p. 140 of Appendix No. 1 Ordinance No. 7.

According to the investment plan in question the affected people would be mainly the operating personnel exposed during the project operation. In case of emergencies the population that resides in the closest proximity of the LZC site.

6.4.1.1. Identification of the risky factors for impairment of public health, which has been made in accounting the environmental components, type of the risky factors and conditions (prerequisites for harmful impact)

The health risky factors of the Investment Proposal will be presented with regard to the working personnel, the population and to the surrounding sites during the implementation and operation of [the project under] the Investment Proposal as well as in the course of exploitation of the existing productive capacities.

The main risky factors for the health of the workers engaged in modernization and operation of [the project under] the Investment Proposal are the dust, toxic chemical contaminants, noise, general and local vibrations, adverse microclimate and physical stress.

The risky factors for the population health during the modernization, enlargement and operation of the project will be mainly ambient air potentially polluted with dust and chemical noxes, and their probable deposition onto the soils within the region. Noise levels above the [statutory] norm are not expected.

From the chemical risky factors, represented as substance composition, of main importance will be heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium, manganese, etc.), sulphur oxides (respectively sulphuric acid), dust, carbon and nitrogen oxides, tars, gasolines, hazardous production etc.

Within the region of the town of Kardjali, where LZC AD is, in fact, located, the concentrations of the chemical substances above the statutory norms have been registered for years on, the main input to which being of the LZC and the motor traffic. The town of Kardjali is a problem settlement in respect of pollution with dust, sulphur dioxide and lead aerosols. Among the children of the town the highest lead content in blood compared to the same value for this country was registered several decades ago. All that makes the town a hot-spot in a number of national strategies and single it out as a subject of permanent monitoring.

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In this sense and on the background of the current environmental status, the

initiative for modernization of the LZC through introduction of new and environmental-friendly technologies, with an increased production capacity, but without changes in the initial raw stuff and in the end product, would more probably result in lowering the harmful emissions and respectively in decreased health risk for the future period rather than in additional environmental load of contaminants.

6.4.1.2. Evaluation of the particular factors with regard to human health and their comparison with the acting hygiene norms and requirements

Harmful physical factors During the construction and operation of the new and modernized production

facilities some activities will be carried out, which may lead to increase in the emissions of certain harmful elements of the working environments. The workers will be exposed to the following adverse physical factors:

Adverse microclimate. The works will be implemented outdoors during the

construction of the new Electrolytic workshop and indoors, within large workshop rooms throughout the operation of the production facilities, which working conditions give rise to chances of adverse seasonal microclimate on the workplace. Labour hygiene defines such a climate as “mosaic” and risky for the workers health. The regular performance of microclimatic control in the working rooms prior to and during the project operation would determine in due time eventual deviations in temperature, humidity and air movement speed with possibilities of taking preventive measures.

Most probably during the winter season chances of appearance of overcooling microclimate would be present on building the new electrolytic workshop, while in the summer months – during the operation in the proximity of the working places - on roasting the zinc concentrate and smelting the cathode zinc there will be conditions of overheating microclimate. Inside the electrolytic workshop, due to the use of wet processes, high relative humidity of air, reaching up to 80-98%, would be obtained. In summertime it would contribute, in spite of the additional electrolytic cooling, to development of an overheating microclimate, while in wintertime the water vapours inside the working rooms would condense and the labour conditions at some working places will be near to cooling.

Above-norm noise levels. Physiological and pathophysiological reactions of the

organism to the production noise are determined by its physical parameters (sound pressure level, nature etc.) and by the individual particularities of the workers (age, sex, psycho-emotional status, intelligence and cultural level). In the course of project operation above-norm noise levels in the working environment, especially near to furnaces, compressors etc. may be expected. Though the impact would be on a restricted number of people, neglecting the engineering methods for noise control and the individual protective means against noise should not be allowed.

With regard to the noise levels in the environment the allowable noise level for an industrial range is 70 dB/A/ for a day and for a night period Ordinance No. 6 of MH and MEW on the noise indices in environment, SG No 58/2006).

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It is not expected that the noise level outside the production site might exceed the specified norm and the existing background levels in the nearest settlements would be considerably lower, being expected not to exceed the required ones for “residential areas” pursuant to the Ordinance.

Above-norm levels of general vibrations. The construction workers who use

breaking and other construction equipment will be exposed to local vibrations. The operators of the part of the technological equipment during the production will also be exposed to local vibration. The adverse health impact is expressed in injuries of the sensory and microvascular systems of the upper limbs. This effect is more strongly manifested under the conditions of a overcooling microclimate. In addition, vibrations impair mainly the osteoarticular apparatus, vascular system and, due to the resonance effect they have also an adverse impact on a number of internal organs.

Dust. The construction works will be performed mainly outdoors. During the

construction it is possible that dust could reach values above MAC. Those dust emissions are non-organized and will depend to a large extent on the good organization of the working process.

Metallurgical enterprises for zinc extraction belong to the comparatively “dusty” productions. Dust is one of the main factors harmful to health and will be released chiefly on crushing the initial materials and on pouring the crushed material onto the conveyor belts. Above-norm dust levels are a risky factor both in respect of causing pulmonary diseases of general type, such as rhinitis, chronic bronchitis and their complications, connected with the irritating impact of dust, and for development of vocational dust pathologic phenomena. Taking all the technical and medical preventive measures will be of prime importance for health preservation of workers engaged in the modernization and those employed in the course of workshop operation.

Lighting. Artificial and natural lighting in compliance with the activities to be

implemented and their intensity is envisaged at all workplaces. Some harmful physical impact on the population of the town of Kardjali and of

other near settlements that are subject to health protection is not expected. Harmful toxic chemical factors

The release of chemical substances into the soils, water and air during the construction and operation of [the project under] the Investment Proposal for reconstruction and modernization will be mainly connected with exhaust gases and aerosols emitted in the atmosphere by the technological equipment as well as due to the possible release of some specific operational chemical noxes via waste waters. The main contaminants that could be released into environment are heavy metals, СО, NOx, SO2, hydrocarbonsр dust, hazardous wastes from production. Those emissions will depend on the number and type of the equipment used in the construction, its operation mode as well as on the functional loading of the production line in the course of the workshop operation.

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Chemical substances to be released during the implementation and operation of [the project under] the Investment Proposal

Carbon monoxide. Entered into the human organism, it will bind in a

carboxyhemoglobin complex with decreasing in the oxygen-bound capacity of hemoglobin. It [carbon monoxide] has a general toxic effect.

Nitric and sulphur oxides. On contacting the organism they are transformed into

acids that show irritating and corrosive impact. Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas, easily soluble in water, forming sulphurous acid that, in the presence of oxygen from the air slowly oxidizes into sulphuric acid. In the presence of metal aerosols that process proceeds more quickly. In the presence of other atmospheric pollutants sulphur dioxide enters into photochemical reactions with forming sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid and sulphates. Sulphuric acid is hygroscopic. The drops formed with water produce air aerosols. Presently а mean quantity of about 3000 mg/m3 of sulphur dioxide is contained in the gases downstream the sulphuric acid systems at LZC AD as a by-product from the daily produced 160 t sulphuric acid. Through the modernization of the production line the emitted concentrations of sulphur dioxide in stack will be reduced to less than 300 mg/m³, with increased average daily production of 270 tonnes of sulphuric acid at the same time.

Zinc and zinc compounds. Zinc is a grayish-white metal with high chemical

activity8 - it easily oxidizes and solves into acids and bases. All the zinc salts are well soluble in water. The inhalatory impact of zinc oxide fumes in concentrations that exceed 100 mg/m³ causes so-called “foundryman’s fever” (“zinc fever9”). It begins with weakness, dry cough, oppression in the chest. After 1 to 5 hours tremble and shivering that last 1-2 hours may occur. At the same the body temperature rises to 38-40 ºС. Several hours later intensive sweating begins and the temperature drops. With regard to the pathogenesis of the “foundryman’s fever” it is assumed that the inhaled metal fumes high-dispersive aerosols of zinc oxide, due to its high chemical reactivity, cause micro- necroses in the alveoli. The produced modified proteins are resorbed into blood and result in a reaction that is similar to that on introducing a foreign protein.

In cases of oral intoxication a gastro-intestinal syndrome with nausea, vomiting, ache in the epigastrium and diarrhoea manifest itself.

On contact with skin the dry zinc chloride causes dermatitis, while zinc sulphate – skin lesions with a typical shape – so-called “bird’s eyes”.

Lead, cadmium, manganese and their compound. Lead that is released in the

ambient air does not change, its compound, however, are modified under the influence of sunlight, water and air. Lead in the air medium may be transferred over large distances prior to its precipitation on the ground surface. Once deposited onto the ground it will typically conglutinate with the soil particles. The movement of lead from the ground toward underground waters depends on the kind of the lead compound and the soil properties.

8 This statement appears to be slightly exaggerated – the chemical reactivity of zinc in most sources is specified as “moderate” – Translator’s note 9 The alternative English name for that occupational disease is “zinc fume fever” – Translator’s note

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In respect of cadmium the respiratory route of entering into the organism is the main one on occupational exposure. The powder form is less toxic than the fumes. About 5 % of cadmium ingested per os will be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.

As an essential microelement manganese takes part in multiple enzymes and biochemical processes in the human organism and, like any other substance, has a toxic effect when entered the organism in higher concentrations. Manganese exhibits its toxic properties mainly where it is in the II and IV valence state, for example in MnO, MnO2 and other compounds.

It may be summarized that the possible negative effect on people’s health should be expected only in the working environment and thanks to the reconstruction and modernization of the production activities and on strict compliance with the technologic process the harmful impact on the population that reside nearby is expected to be reduced in comparison with the present moment. From the health standpoint the following adverse impacts that should be considered by the labour medicine service are required to be pointed out – irritation of mucosal surfaces and respiratory tract, acute and chronic contact dermatitis, effect on the central nervous system – headache, vertigo, somnolentia, local and general allergenic effect as well as possible remote effects of heavy metals on the organism, up to date proved only under experimental conditions. That variety of impacts harmful to health is account for by the fact that the concentrate being processed and the accessory materials and reagents additionally used in the technologic flow contain multiple chemical elements – zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, manganese, sulphuric compounds etc.

Some scientific reports indicate the connection between the occupational disease occurrence in the zinc production conditions and the increased disease occurrence of the respiratory, digestive (gastritis and ulcers), cardiovascular and nervous system. The impact of the production dust, sulphuric compounds and acid fumes is the reason for nasopharyngeal diseases (mucosal hyperemia, rhinitis, even nasal septal perforation). In workers from electrolysis workshops chronic pharyngitis of subatrophic form is often found. In workers at workshop of zinc roasting some signs of diffusive pneumosclerosis have been observed.

Physical stress The labour at the modernized workshops, in contrast to the current production,

will be mechanized and automated to a large extent. At the same time there are certain working operations that require manual work and performance of specific physical activities. From the standpoint of the physical efforts it [the labour] may be classified as moderate to heavy physical work. The future elimination of the heavy manual work for separation of the cathode zinc sheets from the aluminium bases (so-called cathode zinc stripping) and its replacement by a fully mechanized process may be evaluated as highly positive.

In many cases the work is performed through a large number of uniform working motions of the upper limbs, which very often require permanent attention, continuous engagement of the eyesight and is connected with significant responsibility for the quality [of production] and implies a good qualification. All that determines modestly expressed nervous and sensory stress.

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6.4.1.3. Evaluation of the chances of combined, integrated, cumulative and remote impact of the specified factors

The continuous combined impact of dust and by-products, such as sulphur oxides, obtained in the course of production, irritate the mucosae and may result in development of diseases of the respiratory system – chronic inflammations of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, bronchitis) and pulmonary diseases (pneumonias, pneumoscleroses, bronchiectases) - in operating personnel at the production faculties.

Excepting from the combined effect of chemical agents there are no data for complex impact of toxic substances during the construction and operation of [the project under] the Investment Proposal, which is based on the additive effect. In principle, chronic zinc intoxications have not been found in humans, while acute intoxications due to their clearly manifested clinical presentation are observed most often.

6.4.1.4. Characteristics of the exposure

The exposure (both direct and indirect) may occur simultaneously via several ways – through air, water, foodstuffs. Considering the conditions of the Investment Proposal being assessed the direct way of exposure is more probable. It will be present when contaminants from the production process reach the human organism, enter it and metabolize in its biological media.

In workers that will operate on the site construction the exposure will also be direct, it will be, however, of temporary nature and of low intensity.

In order to specify the exposure of the staff and population it is necessary that, after reaching a relatively stable production under “Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant of LZC AD – Kardjali”, some measurements of eventual environmental contaminations by their components should be made in the region.

Emissions from the activities within the construction and installation works

The sources of non-organized emissions will be: − Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines of the equipment

associated with the building and reconstruction of the workshops and with the road traffic;

− Dust emitted in repairs and reconstruction; − Noise pollution from the technical equipment to be used.

The described emissions will be short-termed, with a small territorial range and are dependable on the measures taken for their restriction.

At this stage it is difficult to present a precise hygiene quantitative assessment of dust pollution from the construction activities. In this particular case the land around the workshops and the contiguous lands of the enterprise will be affected. The dust exposure will be below the MAC for total dust and will not result in occupational impairments during the time for construction and installation works implementation.

6.4.1.5. Health status of the potentially affected population

Population health status is determined by multiple factors of the ambient and working environment, social welfare, hereditary factors etc.

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With a view to the comprisal of the entire potentially affected population the purposes of the present special research include retrospective periods of active operation of LZC AD and they are as follows:

Survey of health status of the population in Kardjali municipality and in the

town of Kardjali for a retrospective period in order to make an evaluation for the presence or absence of determining environmental factors;

Survey of health status of the population from the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa that are locared near to the LZC site for a retrospective period.

Survey of health status of the population in Kardjali municipality and in the

town of Kardjali The tasks for achieving this purpose are: Survey of health status of the population in Kardjali municipality by

demographic indices for a three-year retrospective period and comparative analysis against the indices for the whole country.

Survey of health status of the population in the district of Kardjali by the indices of oncologic disease occurrence by level and structure for a three-year retrospective period.

Summarized characterization of the health status of the population from Kardjali municipality.

Recommendations for health and ecological monitoring. Target of the survey – the population of Kardjali municipality and the population

of the whole country. Scope of the survey – comprehensive for the population of Kardjali municipality

by the specified indices and for the necessary comparison with the entire population of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Units of observation – Logical unit of observation: the inhabitants of Kardjali municipality; Technical unit of observation: environment, including the factors and parameters of Kardjali municipality.

Survey of health status of the population in Kardjali municipality through

demographic indices and comparative analysis against the indices for the whole country

The basic demographic indices for a three-year period separately for the population of Kardjali municipality and as a whole for the entire population of this country have been examined. The indices of children mortality rate, total mortality rate, birth rate [fertility] and natural growth for Kardjali municipality and for the entire country have been summarized.

The indices of total morality rate differ significantly between the population of Kardjali municipality and that of the entire country, the total mortality rate for the population of Kardjali municipality being significantly lower (see Table 6.4-1). The birth rate is of different values - for 2003 and 2004.

There is an essential difference and for Kardjali municipality it is, in principle, lower than that for the entire population of the Republic of Bulgaria.

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The natural growth as a resultant index of the two main demographic indexes – birth rate and total mortality rate is of smaller negative values within the population of Kardjali municipality. The child mortality rate for 2004 – 7.9 - is very low in comparison with the data for this country. As a whole the results show a balanced movement of the demographic indicators in Kardjali municipality.

Table 6.4-1 Demographic indices for Kardjali municipality and for the entire country

Year Indices per 1000 inhabitants Municipality of Kardjali

Republic of Bulgaria

Birth rate [Fertility] 9,3 8,5 Mortality rate 9,7 14,3 Natural growth -0,4 -5,8 2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) 10,4 13,3

Birth rate 10,0 8,6 Mortality rate 10,9 14,3 Natural growth -0,9 -5,7 2003 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) 15,8 12,3

Birth rate 10,8 9,0 Mortality rate 11,0 14,2 Natural growth -0,2 -5,2 2004 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) 7,9 11,6

A detailed examination of the mortality rate index by causes of death has been

made, with comparison between the indices for the district of Kardjali and for the whole country in the period 2002-2004. The examination has been made by 17 disease classes, as follows:

I class: Infectious and parasitic diseases; II class: Malignant neoplasm; III class: diseases of the endocrine glands, of digestion, disorders of metabolism

and immunity; IV class: blood diseases and other hematogenic disturbances; V class: mental disorders; VI class: diseases of nervous system and sensory organs; VII class: diseases of blood circulation organs; VIII class: diseases of respiratory system; IX class: diseases of digestive system; X class: diseases of urogenital system; XI class: complications of pregnancy, puerperal and postnatal period; XII class: diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue; XIII class: diseases of osteomuscular system and connective tissue; XIV class: congenital anomalies; XV class: some conditions appearing during the perinatal period;

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XVI class: symptoms, signs and not well-defined conditions; XVII class: traumas and poisonings. Of special interest are the data about the mortality rate due to 7 disease classes

that are socially significant for the population of Bulgaria and that are changed under the impact of the environmental factors including of the ecologic risky factors, namely: infectious and parasitic diseases; blood diseases and other hematogenic disturbances; diseases of nervous system and sensory organs; diseases of blood circulation; diseases of respiratory system; diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue and diseases of osteomuscular system and connective tissue (Tables 6.4-2 and 6.4-3).

Table 6.4-2 Number of dead [sorted] by cause of death, Kardjali district and this country (per 100 000 people of the population)

Disease class; Years

Region Total

mortality rate

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

For Kardjali 1025.6 6.1 156.0 14.7 1.2 - 3.7 729.0 7.4

2002 For this country 1431.2 7.6 201.3 25.9 1.6 2.4 10.0 971.3 42.3

For Kardjali 1088.7 5.6 174.4 18.6 - 2.5 2.5 723.1 22.3

2003 For this country 1430.6 8.1 201.8 25.4 1.5 2.4 9.2 967.3 44.3

For Kardjali 1075.2 9.3 180.1 16.8 - 1.9 10.0 686.9 44.3

2004 For this country 1415.1 7.9 209.0 25.3 1.6 2.3 9.3 954.6 41.0

Table 6.4-3 Number of dead [sorted] by cause of death, Kardjali district and this country (per 100 000 people of the population) (continued)

Disease class; Years

Region IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII

Kardjali 9.8 7.4 - - - 3.7 4.3 38.1 44.2 2002 This

country 36.4 11.4 0.1 0.3 0.5 3.0 3.4 59.8 53.9

Kardjali 21.6 8.0 - - 0.6 2.5 4.9 56.3 45.8 2003 This

country 35.3 11.8 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.7 3.3 64.9 51.6

Kardjali 21.8 6.9 - - 0.6 4.4 4.4 48.0 39.9 2004 This

country 37.3 11.9 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.7 3.3 57.9 49.9

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The data in Tables 6.4-2 и 6.4-3 about the causes of death in the population of the

district of Kardjali and in summary for the whole country show some significant differences, being more positive in the populations of the district. One of the phenomena in the proximity of sources of toxic agent contaminations is the increased occurrence of oncologic diseases and the adverse impact on the functionality of the respiratory and cardiovascular system, respectively on the death cases caused by those nosological units. For all those disease class an essentially lower mortality rate is observed in the district of Kardjali in comparison with that for this country as a whole, which is a positive fact and evidences the restricted effect of aggressively acting agents, including those of environmental origin. It is not possible to speak about the presence of some essential reasons on the part of the environment, which may affect negatively the demographic characteristics of the site. Nevertheless, it is necessary to be taken into consideration that the demographic indices depend on various and complex factors; therefore it may be supposed only that some of the environmental factors would affect their levels in a significant way.

Survey of health status of the population through the indices of cancerous

growth rate by level and structure for a retrospective period The data about the oncologic disease rate as summarized indices and by

localization for the three-year period 2002-2004 has been examined. In Table 6.4-4 below 7 oncologic disease classes, which are of social importance and at the same time are changed most strongly under the influence of environmental factors, are presented according to their localization.

By their occurrence within the district of Kardjali the leading triad of oncologic diseases is:

– Diseases of digestion system; – Diseases of locomotory system, skin and mammary glands; – Diseases of urogenital organs. The same disease classes are typical of the entire population in this country too. The nosological structure of the registered oncologic disease occurrence for the

analyzed Kardjali district and for this country over the examined three-year period was not undergone some significant change and a slight increase in disease occurrence is observed.

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Table 6.4-4 Registered malignant growth diseases by their localization for the years 2002-2004 (per 100 000 people of the populations)

2002 г. 2003 г. 2004 г. Name and localization of the

disease District

of Kardhzal

i

For this country

District of

Kardjali

For this country

District of

Kardjali

For this country

Total 1422,3 2756,1 1514,8 2862,9 1520,2 2981,9 1. Lips, oral cavity and pharynx 113,6 126,2 118,1 125,1 114,1 123,6 2. Digestive organs and

peritoneum 176,9 383,5 186,8 404,1 180,8 422,1

3. Respiratory system and thoracic organs

146,1 182,3 164,5 192,3 167,0 197,0

4. Bones, connective tissue, skin and mammary glands

541,7 1154,7 583,3 1185,0 595,2 1236,4

5. Urogenital organs 261,6 689,0 286,4 724,6 290,5 760,3 6. Lymph and hematogenic organs 81,7 101,8 81,7 107,3 72,3 113,3 7. Other or not specified localization

100,7 118,6 94,0 124,5 100,3 129,2

Concerning the above-mentioned three leading nosological groups the values for

the district of Kardjali are much lower than those in the population of this country. In literary sources there are no data about increased oncologic disease incidence in the district of Kardjali as a consequence of the harmful impact of environmental factors, the heavy metal loading in the population being most often analyzed as not connected with oncogenesis because of lack of trustworthy evidence of that.

For the entire period 2002-2004, basing on the indices for the district of Kardjali and for this country, an increase in the oncologic disease incidence is observed, which is of similar nature with the indices in the other districts and is rather due to social reasons that to the environmental factors .

Summarized characterization of the population health status.

Recommendations for health and ecological monitoring. The population health status in the district of Kardjali is characterized by levels of

the demographic indices significantly better than those in the population of this country. The dynamics of the indices for the registered oncologic disease incidence shows a rising trend from 2002 to 2004. The incidence of the socially significant cancerous diseases by their localization consists of diseases of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems.

The analysis of the demographic and health indicators gives us the grounds for a

forecast assessment of the level of possible impact of the Investment Proposal “Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant at LZC AD – Kardjali” on the health status of the population in the region. It may be concluded that, in case of compliance with the specified technological requirements during the operation of the modernized zinc

149

production facilities and, on the other hand, in the event that regular ecological monitoring is performed, some negative impact on the population health and significant negative deviations of the indices of disease incidence and demographic indicators presented above are not expected.

Survey of the health status of the population in the villages of Vishegrad and

Ostrovitsa for the retrospective period 2000-2002. Population health status is determined by the influence of multiple environmental

factors, of working environment, of social surroundings [etc.]. In assessing the determined factors a comparison between settlements with similar age and sex structure as well as a comparison with the relevant indices for this country or for the region in question are required, with application of the auto-comparison in retrospect for the same settlement.

Purpose: Survey of the health status of the population in the villages of

Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa for retrospective periods with a view to the environmental influence, including the proximity of LZC AD – Kardjali.

Tasks for achieving the purpose:

Survey of the health status of the populations from the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa, basing on demographic indices for a three-year retrospective period.

Survey of the health status of the population of the villages within Vishegrad region, basing on the indices of total disease incidence for a three-year retrospective period.

Comparison between the health status of the populations from the examined settlements and health and demographic indices for the rural population in this country, for the urban populations of Kardjali, and general indices for the region of Kardjali and for this country.

Summarized characterization of the health status of population from the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa. Cause-and-effect relations.

Targets of the survey – the population of the villages of Vishegrad and

Ostrovitsa, the population of Vishegrad region and of the town of Kardjali. Scope of the survey – comprehensive for the villages of Vishegrad, Ostrovitsa,

the villages in Vishegrad region with total number of inhabitants – 1523 and for the population of Kardjali with total number of 46 212 inhabitants as in the year 2000. The target of the survey – sorted by features and years – is presented below in Tables 6.4-5, 6.4-6 and 6.4-7.

Units of observation: – Logical unit of observation – all the inhabitants of the

settlements. Technical units of observation – the environment, in which the logical unit resides and works, i.e. the population of those villages and of the town of Kardjali.

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Features of observation: Factorial: sex – males and females, age interval groups – under one year of age;

under 18 years of age – child population and above 18 years of age – adult population; working age population – between 18 to 30 years; 30-50 years and above 50 years.

Resultant features: demographic characteristics such as the number of children born, the number of children died under one year of age, dead persons; Diseases [sorted] by groups and classes, [which are] officially registered in this country.

Table 6.4-5 Distribution of the target of the survey – the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa for a retrospective three-year period

v. Vishegrad v. Ostrovitsa Target – number of features 2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002

Total number 292 283 277 285 280 273 Males 150 147 143 148 148 147 Females 142 136 134 137 132 126 Age group under 18 yrs old – children population

108 105 100 60 59 58

Age group above 18 yrs old. –adult population

184 178 177 225 221 215

Table 6.4-6 Distribution of the target of the survey – Vishegrad region (March 2002)

Targets – number of features

v. Ostrovitsa

v. Gledka

v. Makedontsi

v. Glouhar Total

Total number 262 560 361 340 1523 Age group under 18 yrs

55 141 110 107 413

Age group above 18 yrs Incl.: males females

207 108 99

419 218 201

251 149 102

233 103 130

1110 578 532

Table 6.4-7 Distribution of the target of the survey – the town of Kardjali for retrospective periods

Average annual number of features

For the period 1990 - 1997

For the period 1998 - 2000 г.

For the period 2000 г.

Total population 46 473 45 992 46 212 Population under 18 yrs. 17 354 12 929 12 442 Population above 18 yrs. 29 119 33 063 33 770

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152

Information sources are as follows: Data from OCPPPMA [Out-patient Clinics of Private Practice for Primary

Medical Aid] of Dr. Minchev and Dr. Dikov for a three-year period. Tabulations of the RCH [Regional Centre of Healthcare] – Kardjali with

summarized data for settlements – v. Vishegrad, v. Ostrovitsa, Vishegrad zone and Kardjali.

Data from the RIPHPC [Regional Inspectorate of Public Health Protection and Control] – Kardjali

Data from the National Centre of Health Information The time of the survey has been a retrospective period as follows: For the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovitsa – from 2000 to 2002. For Vishegrad zone – from 2000 to 2002 For the town of Kardhzali - [two] retrospective periods – the first from 1990

to 1997 and the second one – 1998-2000. The methods of survey have been as follows: Documentary – for collecting the necessary demographic and health information. Statistical – for sorting, processing and comparing the information about the

health status. Survey of the health status of the populations in the villages of Vishegrad and

of Ostrovitsa, basing on demographic indices for a three-year retrospective period The demographic status of the population in the rural regions of this country is

characterized by high total mortality rate, low or none of birth rate and high values of negative natural growth. This demographic status is determined by a large number of factors, among them –age structure of the villages, physical movements of the population – emigration and immigration, etc. The two villages being examined are no exception from these general findings about the health status of the rural population in this country. The demographic indices for the two villages, which are divided [into groups] within a three-year retrospective period as well as separately for the last year [of the survey] – 2002 – are given in Table 6.4-8. It is impressive that the indices of birth rate, respectively stillbirth rate and children mortality rate miss. In 2002 the village of Vishegrad showed relatively low values of the total mortality rate index. In contrast to that for the village of Ostrovitsa very high mortality rate is reported, the difference being statistically significant. Natural growth is highly negative for both villages. This demographic characterization does not distinguish the population of the villages of Vishegrad and Ostrovtsa among the remaining rural population [in this country], for which a total mortality rate of 19.6 % was reported in 2000 as well as in comparison with the population in the region of Kardhzali, for which the total mortality rate of 37.9 % was reported in 2000.

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Table 6.4-8 Demographic indices of the population in the villages of Vishegrad and of

Ostrovitsa for a 3-year retrospective period and separately for the year 2002.

Indices Targets Birth rate

Total mortality

rate

Natural growth

Stillbirth rate

Children mortality

rate v. Vishegrad period 2000 – 2002

- 17,6 -17,6 - -

v. Vishegrad separately for 2002

- 7,2 -7,2 - -

v. Ostrovitsa period 2000 – 2002

- 21,5 -21,5 - -

v. Ostrovitsa separately for 2002

- 43,9 -43,9 - -

Survey of the health status of the population in the villages of Vishegrad zone,

basing on the total disease incidence for a 3-year retrospective period In the following Table 6.4-9 the indices [sorted] by years as well as average

annual values of 17 disease classes, as reported in the official statistics for that population, are presented. It is impressive that within the population above 18 years of age (the adult population) the summarized index is 2625.5 %о that is a lower value than those for the whole country per average annual period. At the same time some disease classes are distinguished for very high values compared to the average indices for this country and for the region in question. These are the diseases of the osteomuscular system – 60.9 %о average annual value, mental disorders– 59.7 % as well as the mixed group of symptoms, signs and not well-defined conditions with a value of 835.7 %о. Simultaneously, in respect of their dynamics, the indices of the total disease incidence, sorted by disease classes, show some trends. For the 3-year retrospective period being examined the following groups mark a significant increase:

Infectious and parasitic diseases – from 1.5 %о in the year 2000 to 23.4 %о in 2002. The qualitative leap of the malignant neoplasm group that marks an increase from 0.9 %о to 7.2 %о is also impressive.

Mental disorders – from 2.7 %о to 111.7 %о. Diseases of the nervous system – from 61,3 %о to 214 %о Diseases of the respiratory system – 810.8 %о to 2096,4 %о. Diseases of the urogenital system – the index has grown from 5.8 %о to 272.9

%о. The total disease incidence in the population of Vishegrad zone increased five

times within the examined period. The increase in the disease occurrence, especially among the adult rural population is mainly due to chronified diseases, to non-treated or complicated disease, which resulted also in an increased attendance at the general parishioners who were basic source of the indices being examined.

Comparison between the health status of the population in the targets being examined and the health indices for the population in the town of Kardjali

The elaborated indices of disease incidence for the adult population in the town of

Kardjali within a 10-year retrospective period with two sub-periods – [the first] from 1990 to 1997 and [the second] from 1998 to 2000 – are presented in Table 6.4-10. At the same time the indices only for the year 2000 have been calculated. In this way it is possible to make comparison with the found levels of disease incidence in the population of Vishegrad zone.

It is impressive that the group of infectious and parasitic diseases marks a much lower incidence in the rural population compared to that in the inhabitants of the town of Kardjali. The same is valid for the malignant neoplasm group and for those of diseases of the endocrine glands, of digestion and metabolism. Irrespectively of the finding that the level of mental disorders is high in the population of Vishegrad zone, taken as average annual values, it is near to that of the urban population in the town of Kardjali. The same is true in respect of the diseases of nervous system. In the rural population the group of diseases of the blood circulation marks a significantly lower incidence than that in the urban population.

High level of disease incidence in the populations being examined and surveyed, as compared to the population in the town of Kardjali is observed in the diseases of respiratory system, of osteomuscular system and in the group of symptoms, signs and not well-defined conditions. The traumas and poisonings, mainly of domestic nature, mark an insignificantly higher incidence that those for the town of Kardjali.

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150

Table 6.4-9

Indices of the total disease incidence of the population within Vishegrad zone within a retrospective period

Indices sorted by year Disease classes

Period of survey 2000 2001 2002

Average annual

І. Infectious and parasitic diseases 1,5 1,8 23,4 13,5 ІІ. Malignant neoplasm 0,9 0,9 7,2 3,0 ІІІ. Diseases of endocrine glands, digestion and

metabolism 27,0 37,8 5,4 15,3

ІV. Diseases of blood and hematogenic organs 9,9 49,5 - 19,8 V. Mental disorders 2,7 64,9 111,7 59,7 VІ. Diseases of nervous system 61,3 40,5 214,4 105,4 VІІ. Diseases of blood circulation 51,3 81,9 57,6 63,6 VІІІ. Diseases of respiratory system 810,8 531,5 2096,4 1146,2 ІХ. Diseases of digestive system 17,1 4,5 13,5 11,7 Х. Diseases of urogenital system 5,8 46,8 272,9 125,8 ХІ. Complications of pregnancy, puerperal and

postnatal period 16,2 15,3 42,3 24,6

ХІІ. Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue 22,5 15,3 57,6 31,8 ХІІІ. Diseases of osteomuscular system 3,6 22,5 156,7 60,9 ХІV. Congenital anomalies - - 1,8 0.,6 ХV. Some conditions appearing during the

perinatal period - - - -

ХVІ. Symptoms, signs and not well-defined conditions

137,8 133,3 2236,0 835,7

ХVІІ. Traumas and poisonings 114,4 38,7 171,2 108,1 TOTAL 1324,3 1085,6 5466,7 2625,5

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Table 6.4-10 Comparison between the disease incidence in the adult population of the town of Kardjali with that of the surveyed targets for retrospective periods

Indices [sorted] by year Disease classes

KARDJALI Average annual for

1990-1997 1998-2000 for 2000

VISHEGRAD zone Average annual for

2000-2002 for 2000 І. Infectious and parasitic diseases 70,2 12,0 8,5 13,5 1,5 ІІ. Malignant neoplasm 8,2 7,8 5,8 3,0 0,9 ІІІ. Diseases of endocrine glands, digestion and

metabolism 15,5 13,7 9,5 15,3 2,7

ІV. Diseases of blood and hematogenic organs 4,5 8,8 8,4 19,8 9,9 V. Mental disorders 61,9 60,9 10,3 59,7 2,7 VІ. Diseases of nervous system 226,0 130,4 28,0 105,4 61,3 VІІ. Diseases of blood circulation 81,4 172,6 143,2 63,6 51,3 VІІІ. Diseases of respiratory system 483,0 281,1 138,9 1146,2 810,8 ІХ. Diseases of digestive system 94,2 67,6 14,1 11,7 17,1 Х. Diseases of urogenital system 118,8 94,6 60,6 125,8 5,8 ХІ. Complications of pregnancy, puerperal and

postnatal period 10,3 7,9 9,4 24,6 16,2

ХІІ. Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue 133,3 52,7 15,9 31,8 22.4 ХІІІ. Diseases of osteomuscular system 80,9 76,8 25,1 60,9 3,6 ХІV. Congenital anomalies 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,6 - ХV. Some conditions appearing during the

perinatal period - - - - -

ХVІ. Symptoms, signs and not well-defined conditions

16,6 14,0 13,8 835,7 137,8

ХVІІ. Traumas and poisonings 129,8 77,9 49,3 108,1 114,4 TOTAL 1418,4 1009,1 541,8 2625,5 1324,3

Summarized characterization of the health status of the population in the villages of Vishegrad and of Ostrovitsa – cause-and-effect relations

The made survey of the health status of the population in Vishegrad zone, including

the villages of Vishegrad and of Ostrovitsa by using various sources of health information shows negative changes in the health of that population. They do not differ significantly from the negative changes in the health status of the rural population [in this country]. Over the last years some strongly manifested changes of negative nature in the health status of the urban population have been present. The made comparison does not reveal some distinct cause-and-effect relations between the environmental factors and changes in retrospect of the health status of the rural population. At the same time it should be noted that this survey may serve as a data base for establishing health monitoring with collecting information in order to ascertain the determining factors for the health status within a long-term period – above 10 years. The influence of environment incl. of non-ferrous metallurgical plants may be assessed only after providing conditions for introduction of some new and environmental-friendly production solutions, such as the present one, with subsequent collection of the required health data in order to ensure health prophylaxis for the population in this region .

6.4.2. Assessment of the health risk, measures for health protection and risk

management Prophylactic measures with regard to preservation of the health of the staff

employed under the Investment Proposal The analysis of the current disease incidence of the personnel at LZC AD – Kardjali

shows that for the 4-year period 2002-2005 the workers in Zinc production facilities were in the first place by disease incidence, while as regard the nosological units the incidence of the diseases of respiratory system is the highest. These facts confirm the hazard of adverse health consequences for the operating personnel, incl. at the new and modernized facilities under the Investment Proposal. It is proper that the following basic requirements for safety labour conditions should be listed [below]:

Prior to starting to operate the new production facilities the recommendations for restriction of dust and toxic chemical (gas and liquid) emissions inside the working rooms and those released into the environment to below-norm levels must be complied with.

The guidelines for handling the chemical substances and chemicals used in production to be strictly observed.

In operation at the modernized workshop the workers must use the means of individual protection (protective helmets, rubber boots, dust masks, working coveralls, gloves, overalls, shoes and warm working winter clothing) according to the guidelines for the relevant working place.

For the operating personnel in contact with sulphur gases it is necessary that active points for mouth rinsing with 1% -solution of sodium bicarbonate and for inhalations of alkali in order to neutralize sulphur aerosols in case of their contact with mucosae should be maintained.

Providing appropriate occupational diet. Maintenance of effective board ventilation of the electrolytic baths and general

ventilation of the new electrolytic workshop. Regular prophylactic examinations directed to revealing occupational diseases

must be conducted.

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In connection with the potential health risks with regard to the hygienic norms that exceed the maximum admissible levels it is necessary that all the requirements of health prophylaxis should be observed, namely:

Compatibility of the technical specification of the used technological equipment; Observance of the physiological work and rest schedules (Ordinance No 15 /1999

of MH); The shift working cycle shall imply certain health promotion and physiological

labour and rest schedules for the personnel operating at the site (Ordinance No 16/1999 г. of MH);

It is necessary that all the needed measures for safeguarding labour of the personnel should be taken by means of:

Instructions for operation with the necessary machines and equipment; Instructions for fire safety; Instructions for emergency actions; Instructions for operating scheme at the new workshop and the modernized ones; Instructions for operating scheme under the production conditions. Prophylactic measures with regard to preservation of the population health The recommendations for health monitoring of the population in the town of Kardjali

are in compliance with the generally adopted directions with regard to the characterization of the population health status and are conformed to the presence of the project under the Investment Proposal in the proximity. They target the following areas of monitoring, namely:

Regular assessment of the basic parameters that characterize the health status; Periodic analysis of the determining environmental factors with a view to their

qualitative and quantitative features and search for cause-and-effect relations; Periodic comparison with the health indicators for the population in this country

in order to ascertain [possible] changes in the health status; Development of prophylactic measures in conformity with the health and

ecological assessment and of population health promotion. With a view to providing below-norm concentrations of sulphur dioxide and fine dust

particulate in the ambient air of the near settlements during the project operation in compliance with the requirements of Ordinance No. 9 on the Norms for Content of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Fine Dust Particulate and Lead in Ambient Air (SG 46/1999) a strict control of those parameters is necessary.

Strict chemical control on the quality of the waste waters released from the enterprise. A clear strategy for final treatment of the hazardous wastes (e.g. divanadium

pentaoxide) released from the new production facilities. With a view to the present situation concerning the environment quality within the

region of LZC AD – Kardjali the future health risk for the population is not expected to be increased as compared to the current levels; that risk would more probably continue to minimize10 thanks to introducing new production technology and good operation management as well as in case of maintaining the equipment in good technical order and of conducting prophylactic measures by the labour medicine service at the enterprise and by the general practitioners in that region.

10 The correctness of the phrase “continue to minimize” may be discussed, the meaning is obviously “will continue to decrease/reduce”, but the translator has kept to the original author’s text – Translator’s note

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Performance of forestation activities around the site, on which the Investement Proposal will be implemented, with a view to providing additional protection against adverse atmospheric transfers, will contribute significantly to improvement of living conditions at the settlements near to the LZC and within the region around the Stouden Kladenets dam-like.

Conclusion The expert analysis has evidenced that, if the necessary measures for health protection

are taken, the health risk of the investment could be predicted as low. In the future a strict monitoring of the environment quality and assessment of that to what extent the planned technical parameters of the purification equipment could prevent reaching above-norm values of the gas, dust and toxic chemical emissions in ambient air and in waste waters during the working cycles and in emergency cases, which would endanger the environment cleanness and population health within the region of LZC AD, will be necessary.

It is possible to conclude that, if all the made recommendations are fulfilled, it is not expected that the Investment Proposal “Modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant of LZC AD – Kardjali may threaten the health status of the personnel operating there and of the population of the near settlements both in the short-term and in the long-term run.

References Reference Book on Healthcare, NIS [National Institute of Statistics], 2002, 2003,

2004. Population and demographic processes, NIS, 2002, 2003, 2004. Social and economic development, Bulgaria, NIS, 2004, pp 13-28. Hygiene, Vol. 2 – Labour Medicine, Ed. by Prof. D. Tsvetkov, 2006 Hygiene Toxicology – Special Part, Ed. by Prof. F. Kaloyanova, 1983. Assessment of the risk for the population of the town of Kardjali from the impact

of environmental factors, Report – Society of Ecological Training and Management, Sofia, 1995.

6.5. Scope of the impact, level and complexity of the impact,

probability of occurrence, duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact on population and environment

Pursuant to Decree No 302/30.12.2005 for amending Ordinance on Conditions and Order for Performing Environmental Impact Assessment with regard to Investment Proposals for Construction, Activities and Technologies, adopted by Decree No 59/07.03.2003, SG No. 25/2003, the description and assessment of significance of the effect of the direct and indirect, short-term, medium-term and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative impacts from the Investment Proposal are criteria for the following quality assessment of the REIA [Report on EIA] by the competent authority.

The project for modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Plant of LZC AD is clearly environmentally-oriented. More than half of the investments of about 60 million Euros for the new installations, envisaged in the IP, are designed directly or indirectly for environmental purposes – essential reduction of the dust and gas emissions, decrease in the outflow of the industrial waste waters to the WWTP, stabilization of solid wastes (jarosite cakes) prior to deposing, replacement of the harmful to health xanthogenate method for cleaning the zinc solutions from cobalt with the method of activated cobalt-solution cleaning, which is harmless and practically recognized by the leading plants, etc.

The made integrated assessment of the IP shows that:

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The expected range of impact on the environmental components is local, restricted within the site of the Complex and the near plots;

Irrespectively of the increased production capacity and the introduction of the new technologies, if the basic equipment is properly selected and dimensionally determined and is delivered by some industry-leading companies, it may be expected that the impact level will be insignificant, with low probability of its occurrence without reversibility of the effect; there are no premises for a cumulative effect.

In Table 8-1(see p. 8) the information about significance of the environmental impacts

(direct and indirect; short-term, medium-term and long-term; permanent and temporary, positive and negative impacts of the Investment Proposal implementation) are presented in summary.

With regard to the unavoidable and stable impacts on environment as a result of the construction and operation of the project under the IP it may be concluded that no stable and unavoidable environmental impacts are expected. Among more important prerequisites for that are the following.

Reduction of the sulphur dioxide emissions at the Zinc Plant as compared to those under currently used technologies (see p. 6.3 above);

Prerequisites would be created for an increase in the quantities of the processed old ferrite cakes and of sludges from the WWTP, which would facilitate implementation of the Programme for Hazardous Wastes Management of the Plant; the stabilization of the obtained jarosite cakes according the IP, which would be performed according to patent-protected technology of LZC AD and environmental-friendly deposing of the hazardous solid wastes (jarosite cakes);

Introduction of a modern scheme for solution cleaning and of a new electrolytic workshop - fully mechanized and automated to a large extent – is in conformity with the latest achievements in that field, having significant sanitary and hygiene, technological and ecological advantages.

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7. Information about Used Methods, Laws and Ordinances in Forecasting and Evaluating Impact on Environment

The used methods, laws and ordinances, on the basis of which the conclusions for the status of environment and forecasts for the impact of the project in the construction and operation are as follows:

1. A set of methods for calculating the height of the releasing devices, the distribution and the expected concentrations of polluting substances in the ground layer of the atmosphere – PLUME programming package; MEW, MRDPW, MH, Sofia 1998 (The PLUME model has been used in a combination with two other sets of methods: SCREEN 3 and DISPER – for specification of the cumulative ground concentrations of pollutants from group sources).

2. A set of methods for quantitative appraisal of the risk of polution of underground waters with hazardous and harmful substances – MEW, Sofia, July 2001.

3. A set of methods for issuance of the complex permits approved by Order of the Minister of Environment and Waters - No. РД – 1537/30.12.2003.

4. A set of methods for the procedure and way of control over the complex permits and a sample of an annual report on the performance of the activities, for which a complex permit has been provided, approved by Order of the Minister of EW No. РД – 1535/30.12.2003.

5. A set of methods for the minimal requirements to the kind, place and contents of the complex permits under Article 117 of the Environment Protection Act, October 2004, MEW.

6. A set of methods for selection of samples and analysis of soil samples for studying the existing fertility of the lands.

7. Order РД-536/27.12.1999 on approving a set of methods for specifying the overall sound power, emitted in the environment by an industrial enterprise and specifying the level of noise in the place of impact: A set of methods for specifying the overall sound power, emitted in the environment by an industrial enterprise and specifying the level of noise in the place of impact, approved by Order РД-536/27.12.1999 of the Environment and Water Minister.

8. Environment Protection Act, promulgated in State Gazette No. 91 dated 25.09.2002, corr., No. 98 dated 18.10.2002, amended, No. 86 dated 30.09.2003, suppl., No. 70 dated 10.08.2004, amended and suppl., No. 77 dated 27.09.2005

9. Ordinance on Conditions and Order for Carrying Out Environment Impact Assessment of Investment Proposals for Construction, Activities and Technologies, adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 59/07.03.2003, State Gazette No. 25/2003 and Council Of Ministers’ Decree No. 302/30.12.2005 on amendment and supplement of Ordinance on Conditions and Order for Carrying Out Environment Impact Assessment of Investment Proposals for Construction, Activities and Technologies, adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 59/07.03.2003, State Gazette No. 25/2003

10. Waters Act, promulgated in State Gazette No. 67 dated 27.07.1999, enforced as of 28.01.2000, amended and suppl., No. 81 dated 6.10.2000 г., enforced as of 6.10.2000, No. 34 dated 6.04.2001, No. 41 dated 24.04.2001, amended, No. 108 dated 14.12.2001, No. 47 dated 10.05.2002, enforced as of 11.06.2002, No. 74 dated 30.07.2002, No. 91 dated 25.09.2002, enforced as of 1.01.2003, amended and suppl., No. 42 dated 9.05.2003, amended, No. 69 dated 5.08.2003, No. 84

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dated 23.09.2003, suppl., No.107 dated 9.12.2003, No. 6 dated 23.01.2004, amended, State Gazette No.6/23.01.2004, amended and suppl., No. 94 dated 25.11.2005, enforced as of 01.01.2006.

11. Protection against Harmful Impact of Chemical Substances, Preparations and Products Act (Title amended - State Gazette, No. 114 dated 2003), promulgated in State Gazette No.10 dated 4.02.2000, enforced as of 5.02.2002, amended, No. 91 dated 25.09.2002, No. 86 dated 30.09.2003, amended and suppl., No. 114 dated 30.12.2003, enforced as of 31.01.2004, No. 101 dated 16.12.2005).

12. Waste Management Act, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 86 dated 30.09.2003, amended, No. 70 dated 10.08.2004, enforced as of 1.01.2005, amended and suppl. No. 77 dated 27.09.2005.

13. Clean Ambient Air Act, promulgated in State Gazette No. 45 dated 28.05.1996, corr. No.49 dated 7.06.1996, amended No. 85 dated 26.09.1997, amended and suppl. No. 27 dated 31.03.2000, No. 102 dated 27.11.2001, enforced as of 1.01.2002, amended No. 91 dated 25.09.2002, enforced as of 1.01.2003, No.112 dated 23.12.2003, enforced as of 1.01.2004, No. 95 dated 29.11.2005, enforced as of 1.03.2006.

14. ORDINANCE on the Terms and a Procedure for Issuance of Complex Permits (adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 62 dated 12.03.2003; amended, No. 29 dated 2003; amended and suppl. No.105 dated 29.12.2005)

15. ORDINANCE No. 2/19.02.1998 on Norms of Admissible Emissions (Concentrations in Waste Gases) of Harmful Substances Exhausted in Ambient Air from Immovable Sources, issued by the Minister of Environment and Water, the Minister of Industry, the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works and the Minister of Health, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 51 dated 6.05.1998, amended and suppl. No. 34 dated 13.04.1999, suppl. No. 73 dated 17.08.1999, No. 93 dated 21.10.2003, amended No. 64 dated 05.08.2005, enforced as of 6.08.2006.

16. ORDINANCE 1/27.06.2005 on Norms of Admissible Emissions of Harmful Substances (Pollutants) Exhausted in the Atmosphere from Sites and Activities with Immovable Sources of Emissions.

17. ORDINANCE No. 6/26.03.1999 on Procedure and Way of Measurement of Harmful Substances’ Emissions Exhausted in the Atmosphere by Sites with Immovable Sources, issued by the Minister of Environment and Water, promulgated in State Gazette No. 31 dated 6.04.1999, amended No. 52 dated 27.06.2000, No. 93 dated 21.10.2003.

18. ORDINANCE No. 7/3.05.1999 for Evaluation and Management of the Ambient Air Quality, issued by the Minister of Environment and Water and the Minister of Health, promulgated in State Gazette No. 45 dated 14.05.1999, enforced as of 1.01.2000.

19. ORDINANCE No. 9/3.05.1999 on Norms of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Fine Dust Particles and Lead in the Ambient Air, issued by the Minister of Environment and Water and the Minister of Health, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 46 dated 18.05.1999, enforced as of 1.01.2000, amended and suppl. State Gazette, No. 86 dated 28.10.2005, enforced as of 01.01.2006.

20. ORDINANCE No. 14/23.09.1997 on Norms for Admissible Limits of

Concentrations of Harmful Substances in the Ambient Air of the Centres of

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Population, promulgated in State Gazette No. 88/3.10.1997, amended No. 46/18.05.1999, No. 8/22.01.2002, enforced as of 01.01.2004.

21. ORDINANCE No. 6/9.11.2000 on Norms of Emissions Limit Values of Concentrations of Harmful and Hazardous Substances in Waste Waters Discharged in Water Sites, issued by the Minister of Environment and Water, the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works, the Minister of Health and the Minister of Industry, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 97/ 28.11.2000, amended and suppl. No. 24 dated 23.03.2004, enforced as of 23.03.2004.

22. ORDINANCE No. 9/28.09-2004 on the Order and Sample Forms in which Information about the Activities related to Waste, as well as the Procedure for Keeping the Public Register of the Issued Permits, Registration Documents and of Closed Facilities and Activities, promulgated in State Gazette No. 95/26.10.2004.

23. ORDINANCE on the Requirements for Treatment and Transportation of Industrial and Dangerous Waste adopted with Council Of Ministers’ Decree No. 53/19.03.1999, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 29/30.03.1999.

24. ORDINANCE No. 3 dated 1.04.2004 for Classification of Waste, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 44/25.05.2004.

25. ORDINANCE on Packages and Waste of Packages, adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 41 dated 26.02.2004, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 19 dated 9.03.2004, amended and suppl. No. 58 dated 15.07.2005 enforced as of 01.01.2006.

26. Rules on the Organization and Activity on Prevention and Liquidation of Consequences of Disasters, Emergencies and Accidents, adopted with Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 18/23.01.1998, promulgated in State Gazette No. 13/03.02.1998, amended No. 3/11.01.2000, No. 22/9.03.2001, No. 15/14.02.2003.

27. ORDINANCE on Hazardous Chemical Substances and Preparations, Subject to Prohibition or Restrictions for Trade and Use (Changed title - State Gazette, No. 62 dated 2004), adopted with Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 130 dated 1.07.2002, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 69 dated 17.07.2002, enforced as of 1.01.2003, amended and suppl. No. 62 dated 16.07.2004, enforced as of 17.10.2004 , No. 97 dated 2.12.2005 enforced as of 03.03.2006.

28. ORDINANCE on the Procedure and Way of Classification, Packing and Labeling of Chemical Substances and Preparations (Changed title - State Gazette, No. 66 dated 2004), adopted with Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 316/20.12.2002, promulgated in State Gazette, No. 5 dated 17.01.2003, enforced as of 1.01.2004, amended and suppl. No. 66 dated 30.07.2004, enforced as of 1.01.2005.

29. Protection from Noise Act, promulgated in State Gazette No. 74 dated 13.09.2005, enforced as of 01.01.2006.

30. Hygiene Norms No. 0-64 Admissible Values of Noise Levels in Residential and Public Buildings and Residential Regions, promulgated in State Gazette No.87/3.11.1972, amended and suppl. No.16/25.02.1975.

31. ORDINANCE No. 6 on Noise Indicators in Environment (State Gazette No. 58/2006).

32. Health Act (State Gazette No. 70/2004). 33. Health and Safety at Work Act (State Gazette No. 124/97, last amended and

suppl. State Gazette, No. 76 dated 20.09.2005) and the bylaws ensuing from it.

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34. ORDINANCE No. 13 on Protection of Employees from Risks, Related to Exposition to Chemical Agents in Case of Work, promulgated in State Gazette No. 8/2004.

35. ORDINANCE No. 3 dated 19.04.2001 on Minimal Requirements for Safety and Protection of Health of Employees with Use of Personal Protection at the Work Place.

36. ORDINANCE No. 2 dated March 22, 2004 on Minimal Requirements for Health and Safety at Work in Carrying Out Construction and Installation Works, State Gazette 37/2004.

37. Cultural Assets and Museums Act, promulgated 34/1996 State Gazette No. 29/11.04.1969, amended and suppl. No.29/1973, No. 36/1976, No. 87/1980, No. 102/1981, No. 45/1984, No. 45/1989, No. 10 and 14/1990, No. 1112/1995, No. 31/1996, No. 117/1997, No. 153/1998.

38. ORDINANCE No. 26 dated 10.04.1996 on Development, Use and Control of the Archaeological Map of Bulgaria Automated Information System, promulgated in State Gazette No. 34/1996.

39. Rules for Performing Field Archaeological Studies in the Republic of Bulgaria, promulgated in State Gazette No. 12/1997.

40. ORDINANCE No. 5 for Searching, Studying and Documenting Immovable Monuments of Culture, promulgated in State Gazette No. 6/1997, изм. No. 51/1988.

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8. Evaluation of Significance of Impacts – Direct and Non-direct Cumulative, Short-term, Medium-term and Long-term; Permanent and Temporary, Positive and Negative Effects on Man and Environment from Construction and Operation

Under Decree No. 302/30.12.2005 on amendment and supplement of Ordinance on Conditions and Order for Carrying Out Environment Impact Assessment of Investment Proposals for Construction, Activities and Technologies, adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 59/07.03.2003, State Gazette No. 25/2003, the description and the evaluation of direct and indirect, short-term, medium-term and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative impacts from the investment proposal are criteria for the subsequent appraisal of the quality of the Environment Impact Assessment Report by the competent authority.

In its essence, the project for Modernization and enlargement of the zinc plant of the Lead & Zinc Complex AD underlines environment. More than half of the about 60 million Euro investment provided for by IP directly or indirectly for the new installations are for environmental purpose – essential reduction of the dust and gas emissions, reduction of the volume of the industrial waters to WWTP, stabilization of solid waste (jarosite cakes) before discharging, replacement of the xanthogenate method of treatment of zinc solutions, which is dangerous for health with the safe method of activated cobalt-nickel treatment method, which is established in the leading manufacturers practice.

Regarding the unavoidable and permanent impacts on environment from the construction and operation of the IP subject, the information presented so far allows to make the conclusion that no permanent and unavoidable impacts on man and environment are expected. The major prerequisites for that are in the following directions:

Reduction of the emissions of sulphur dioxide of the Zinc Plant compared to the current technologies due to:

– Direct reduction of emissions from the Zinc Plant through the introduction of a DCDA-system for production of sulfuric acid at an overall level of extraction of sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid of over 99,5 %, which provides for a residual contents of less than 0.01 vol. % of SO2, below 300 mg/Nm3 of SO2, respectively, which equals only 30 % of the admissible emission norm (Art. 54, item 1 of Ordinance No. 1/2005);

– Indirect reduction of the SO2–emissions through production of steam from utilized heat in roasting of zinc concentrates, which is equal to a reduced by about 6,000 tons annual spending of sulphur-containing fuel oil in the steam plant of the factory;

– Introduction of efficient dusting (sleeve filters with pulse regeneration of fabric) for the ventilated flow from the burnt blende grinding mill and from the hoppers after the pneumo transportation facilities for burnt blende, which will result in reduced dust emissions of under 10 mg/Nm3 (the emission rate being 20 mg/Nm3 – Art. 35, Para 1 of Ordinance No. 1/2005), respectively под 6 mg/Nm3 of zinc (no rate), less than 0.1 mg/Nm3 of lead (at a rate of 1.0 mg/Nm3 – Appendix No. 1 to Art. 12, Para 1 of Ordinance No. 1/2005) and under 0.02 mg/Nm3 cadmium (at a rate of 0.05 mg/Nm3 – Appendix No. 5 to Art. 17, Para 1 of Ordinance No. 1/2005).

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The introduction of an efficient dry dusting system (below 150 mg/Nm3 after dry electric filters - DEF) and a counter-flow roast gases wet cleaning (Venturi quick duster and wet electrical filters – WEF) before the DCDA sulfuric acid system will provide for a reduced amount of drained washing acid (3-5 m3/h with a concentration of about 50 g/l H2SO4), by which the work of the performance of WWTP will be alleviated compared to the current one.

The IP implementation leads to the creation of prerequisites for a significant

increase of the amount of processed old ferrite cakes of up to 20,000 tons per year (stored in a temporary landfill at the site of the Lead & Zink Complex AD) and of sediments of WWTP, which leads to the achievement of:

– Relieving the programme for management of hazardous waste of the plant, including a reduction of the ones, which will be stored in the future hazardous waste landfill (under a Decision of Kardjali Minicipality with a letter with outgoing No. 53-А-255 dated 01.10.2006 – see Text Appendix No. 1). With the construction of the hazardous waste landfill under the programme for past environmental damages, the storing issue of the waste cakes (both old and new ones) from the zinc hydrometallurgy will be solved and the impact on soils and underground waters and at the site of the Lead & Zinc Complex AD will be minimized.

– The required amount of primary zinc concentrates for covering the production programme, by which the amount of sulphur at the input of production will also be reduced.

The stabilization of the receives jarosite cakes under the IP will be carried out

under a patent-protected technology of the Lead & Zinc Complex AD with the use of powdered lime and a fine fraction of waste benonite as stabilizing additives, which meets all requirements of Directive ЕС 1999/31 dated 26.08.1999 (the Landfill Directive), implemented for Bulgaria by Ordinance No. 8 dated 24.08.2004 (On the terms and requirements for the construction and operation of waste landfills).

The introduction of a modern scheme for cleaning of electrolytic solutions,.

including also a patent-protected method of Asturiana de Zinc for “activated cobalt-nickel cleaning”, corresponds to the latest achievements in this field with significant sanitary and hygienic, technological and environmental advantages:

– Replacing the strongly toxic potassium ethyl xantogenate, which is currently used as a reagent and which is harmful for the health of the operating staff, with the harmless sodium antimony tartrate;

– A higher level of cleaning impurities in the solutions is achieved, which leads to a reduced consumption of electricity and receiving a top grade of zinc – SHG Zinc with cleanness of 99,995 %.

By the introduction of innovations in the new Electrolytic Workshop, the non-

organized emissions of sulphur oxides as well as of evaporations containing sulphuric acid aerosols, which are harmful for the operating staff, especially during the so-called “stripping of cathode zinc” from the workshop and outside it will be suspended. The IP provides for 3 pcs. of new atmosphere cooling towers (ACT), which, along with the electrolyte cooling, will provide a much better ventilation of the Electrolytic Workshop and sharp improvement of the sanitary and hygiene conditions of work. By this, levels of acid mist in working zones of up to 0.5 mg/m3 are achieved, which value is significantly lower than the admissible rate (Ordinance No. 13/24.06.1992, amended and suppl. State Gazette No.11, 1994 ., ACLav. shift = 1,0 mg/m3 – for sulphuric

161

acids aerosols). The demisters mounted at every ACT guarantee emissions in environment, which are significantly below the level of the established rates (60 mg/Nm3 SO3 (Art. 54, item 2 of Ordinance No. 1/2005).

By the introduction of the patent-protected by Asturiana de Zinc fully automated

remotely computer controlled cathode zinc stripping machine, the manual stripping of zinc will be suspended, which will contribute to the improvement of the health status of the workers of the factory.

The following Table 8-1 shows the impact on environment during construction and during operation of facilities under the IP.

Table 8-1 Significance of impact on environment by showing direct and indirect, short-term, medium-term and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects from the Investment Proposal

No. Components Impact

D

irect

Indi

rect

Seco

ndar

y

Cum

ulat

ive

Shor

t-ter

m

Med

ium

-term

Long

-term

Perm

anen

t

Tem

pora

ry

Posi

tive

Neg

ativ

e

1 Health of People 2 Protected Territories 3 Flora 4 Fauna 5 Lands and Soils 6 Geologic Base 7 Hydrology, Surface Waters

8 Properties of Underground Waters

9 Air 10 Noise and Vibrations 11 Landscape

Regarding people’s health, the impact after the implementation of IP ill t and

permanent for the operating staff. It should be evaluated also as positive due to the significantly improved sanitary and hygiene conditions of layout in the Electrolytic Workshop, the roasting plant and the sulphuric acid workshop. Compared to the now existing situation in the zinc plant of the Lead and Zinc Complex AD, the impact of the implementation of the IP on most of the remaining components of environment is also positive.

No transportation of earth is envisaged outside the territory of the Lead & Zinc Works AD. The installations under the IP provide small intensity and restricted territorial range of emissions in ambient air, as well as relieved water cycle of the technological schemes, due to which no negative impact on the status of lands and soils, as well as of the vegetation and animals and the protected territories in the region are expected.

The impact on the geological base may be evaluated as direct, short-term and temporary – only for the time of performance of the earth-moving works of the construction.

w be direc

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The impact on surface waters during the implementation of the IP could be evaluated as indirect and long-term within the admissible emission limits of releasing post-treatment waste waters into Stouden Kladenets dam. The prerequisites for a relieved work of the WWTP, as well as the renewal of a significant part of the sewerage system for waste industrial waters in the construction of the new plants, will have, without any doubt, positive impact in comparison to the productions currently in force.

Despite the fact that by the implementation of the IP, a very low level of dust and gas emissions (sulphur dioxide and dist containing zinc compounds) is achieved, the impact on the ambient air could be evaluated as direct and permanent. With the current productions, the dust and gas emissions are formed mainly from the technological operations of the Lead Plant of the Lead and Zinc Works AD. Due to the nature of the offered technologies, the relative input of the Zinc Plant will be practically insignificant. The reduction of the sulphur dioxide emissions according to the IP for the new plants of the Zinc Plant will have as a result a restricted in range and intensity impact on the environmental components compared to the currently operating plant. This will reflect positively on the quality of the ambient air in the region.

Physical factors (noise, vibrations, radiation) could not have a significantly adverse impact on the environment due to their sized power and installation of the sources of higher level of noise loading (the air blower to the FB [fluid bed] - furnace and the gas blower to the sulphuric acid system) in closed premises. The physical factors are not risky for the health of the surrounding centres of population, which are at a significant distance, as well as for the health of the operating staff.

Due to the insignificant harmful emissions in the waste flue gases, the IP implementation will practically has no impact on the various types of landscapes in the region (agricultural, of meadows and forests, water and around water, of centres of communications and communication landscapes) in the way of air. The construction of new plants of fashionable interior and exterior will have a positive impact on the industrial landscape on the site of the Lead and Zink Complex AD.

No negative impact on the cultural heritage in the region – historical, archaeological and architectural monuments - could be expected. The construction and installation works will be carried out in the territory of the operational zinc production of the Complex. The dust and gas emissions, which will be formed after commissioning the plants, will be of small intensity and with restricted territorial range, irrespectively of the fact that the duration of the impact remains long-term (365 days a year).

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9. Description of the measures, envisaged to prevent, reduce or terminate, wherever possible, the significant harmful impacts on environment (Developed as a table plan for implementation of measures under § 10 of Decree No. 302/30.12.2005) 9.1. Measures for prevention, reduction or compensation of the negative consequences

In its essence the Investment Proposal for upgrading the zinc production is clearly environmentally-oriented so that the main measures for prevention or reduction of the negative impacts on environment upon increased capacity of production of up to 45,000 tons of block zinc annually, are envisaged in the proposed technological and device solutions of the Pre-Basic-Engineering of Asturiana De Zinc – Spain and Outokumpu Technology – Finland developed for the Lead and Zinc Complex. They are in the following main directions for environment protection:

For protection of ambient air Introduction of efficient cleaning of the roasting gases containing sulphur dioxide

– dry dust collecting in a waste heat boiler, cyclone separator and dry electric filter;

Introduction of efficient wet cleaning of roasting gases in a Venturi quick duster and wet electric filters, by which the volume of the washing acid subject to rendering harmless and the mode of WWTP operation;

Setting of a modern DCDA sulphuric acid system, corresponding to the latest achievements in the branch regarding the level of use of the sulphur dioxide and minimizing the SO2-emissions in the waste gases to a level of under 300 mg/Nm3;

Use of low-sulphur fuel (diesel fuel) for the starting heating of the КС furnace and the contact device of the sulphuric acid system;

Introduction of an efficient sanitary and technical ventilation in the Electrolytic Workshop for the evacuation of sulphuric acid aerosols discharged during the electrolytic process in combination with 3 pcs of atmospheric cooling towers (ACT) for their collection and rendering harmless. By this all non-organized emissions, which are unavoidable with the current electrolytic workshop, are prevented.

As additional measures for restricting the impact on the ambient air quality during

construction and after launching in operation the following should be recommended: – Not to allow work of construction machines and motor vehicles with faulty internal

combustion engines; – Not to allow out-of-size loading of transportation vehicles with bulk materials; – To wet the places for temporary storing of earth and other bulk materials and

construction waste in dry and windy weather in view of restricting the non-organized dust emissions;

– To clean the places for temporary storage of bulk materials and construction waste after their use or transportation;

– In case of dry and windy weather wetting the temporary material handling approaches, which have no hard pavement;

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– To prepare sampling points of the new emission sources at the roasting installation and the sulphuric acid system under the requirements of Ordinance No. 6/1999;

– To prepare a Technical Instruction and a Programme for Prevention and Maintenance of the Cleaning Facilities (sleeve filters) to the aspiration of the burnt blende grinding mill and of the pneumatic and transport facilities;

– To carry out the required technological adjustments of the new cleaning facilities (the sleeve filters for the aspiration of the burnt blende grinding mill and the flows of the pneumatic and transport facilities).

Restriction of the impact on waters The main measures for prevention or reduction of the negative impacts on waters are

provided for in the Investment Proposal as follows: Decreasing the volume and stabilizing the flow rates of the polluted waste flows

to be processed in the WWTP of the Complex (waste washing acids and waste waters from the Electrolytic Workshop), by which the mode to operation of the treatment plant shall be facilitated and the cases of violations the emission norms of release into the Stouden Kladenets dam;

Significant reduction of the flow of conditionally clean waters (waters from the cooling cycles), and of the total flow of waste waters despite the increased capacity of the production to 45,000 tons of block zinc annually

New sewerage system from the new production facilities and suitable acid-resistant insulations at potentially dangerous sites in the Sulphuric Acid Workshop, the Wet Extraction Workshop and the Electrolytic Workshop, due to technological leaks, by which a pollution of the lands and underground waters in the territory of the zinc plant is excluded.

As additional measures for preventing the negative impacts on waters, the following could be recommended:

– Design and implementation of measures for draining surface waters during construction.

Restriction of the impact on geological layer, lands and soils – Before starting the earth-moving works, the required drillings have to be carried out

to establish the overall stability of the earth layers, into which the major facilities will have their foundations (FB-furnace, contacting device, the cascade of electrolytic baths) and the buildings;

– For the performance of the digging works and the possible works on the vertical planning, a separate project should be prepared;

– According to the recommendation made (see item 5.4. above), КР № 124/2006 (soil monitoring) should be supplemented by studying the status of the soils in the region of the IP at a depth of 10 and 50 cm (as a beginning of the monitoring), and аs a subsequence, only the surface layer (10 –15 cm) should be studied at every five years in order to account for a possible pollutions of soils.

Prevention of the impact of solid waste

By the enlargement of the current installation for stabilization of the jarosite cakes (immobilization, hardening or fixing the water soluble harmful components in the waste) provided for in the IP, the impact over the environment should be restricted during their storage at a temporary site in the territory of the Complex, and after the construction of the new landfill for hazardous waste, all impacts on the components of environment will be prevented. In this connection, the work on designing the hazardous waste landfill, the

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subsequent procedures of the Environment Impact Assessment and the landfill establishment should be speeded up.

Prevention or reduction of noise impact – According to the IP, the sources of increased noise loading – the air blower for the

FB-furnace and the gas blower to the sulphuric acid system should be mounted in separate premises (separate chambers with brick walls and noise insulation);

– For expediency, some fans and pumps, which are assessed as potential sources of increased noise and vibrations, should be mounted in the anti noise anti vibration version;

– After putting the new sites in operation the required measurements and noise evaluation should be made under a set of methods approved by the Minister of Environment with Order No. РД-536/27.12.1999.

Health and hygiene measures – Development of instructions for prevention of dangers in construction and

installation works and control over their implementation; – Carrying out daily, periodic and upon expediency briefings for observing the rules of

construction and installation works; – Provision and control of the regular using the personal protection means –

headphones, antivibration gloves and mats, helmets, protective goggles, dustproof and chemical-proof masks in some cases, special work clothing and shoes for the winter and the summer seasons;

– Creation of conditions and organizing a physiological work and rest schedule; – Development of rules for work under the conditions of heavy physical labour and

hoisting of weights and goods. As recommendations for additional health and hygienic measures after commissioning

the facilities the following could be noted down: – To conclude contracts for a specific period of time with a Centre of Occupational

Medicine to perform section II of Ordinance No./1998 on the Centres of Occupational Medicine (promulgated in the State Gazette No. 95/1998); A recommendation for carrying out a periodical health and environment monitoring by a specialized health establishment as well as regular prophylactic examinations focused on revealing specific occupational diseases;

– Carrying out a risk assessment pursuant to Ordinance No. 5/1999 on the procedure, way and period of risk assessment.

9.2. Plan for implementation of measures for prevention and reduction of harmful impact on environment and health of people

In order to decrease the negative consequences from the operation of the project, it shall be necessary the Assignor as per § 10 of Decree No. 302 dated 30.12.2005, to develop a plan of short-term and long-term events to bring the activity of new facilities in compliance with the statutory framework regarding ambient and working environment.

The proposed measures for prevention, decrease or compensation of the negative impacts on environment are summarized in Table 9.1 below. They are connected with the process of design, construction and commissioning the new facilities.

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Table 9.1 Plan for implementation of measures for reducing the harmful impacts on environment and people's health upon commissioning the project [under the IP] Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant through a new Roasting Workshop, a new system for production of Sulphuric acid and a new Electrolytic Workshop”

No. Measures Period (Phase) of Performance Result

1 2 3 4 Ambient Air

1. To wet the places for temporary storage of earth and other bulk materials and construction waste in dry and windy weather in view of restricting the non-organized dust emissions

During construction

Restriction of dust emissions

2. Wetting the temporary material handling approaches, which have no hard pavement

During construction

Restriction of dust emissions

3. The places for temporary storage of bulk materials and construction waste have to be cleaned up in due time after their use and transportation

During construction

Restriction of dust emissions

4. To submit for approval a Plan on Self- Monitoring of the Emissions from the New Stationary Sources (stacks К1 and К1.А to the sulphuric acid system, stack К2 downstream the sleeve filter of the aspiration flow of the aspiration [system] of the burnt blende grinding mill and stacks К3, К4 and К4.А downstream the sleeve filters of the pneumatic and transportation installations (on the grounds of Art. 146, Para 1 of the AAA, Art.18, Para 1 of AAA)

Upon preparation of CPCP Application

Carrying out monitoring for control over the observance of emission standards and protection of the quality of the ambient air.

5. To prepare points of sampling regarding the new emission sources (stacks К1, К1.А, К.2, К3, К.4 and К4.А) according to the requirements of Ordinance No. 6/1999 of MEW on the Procedure and Way of Measurement the Emissions of Harmful Substances Exhasuted in Ambient Air by Facilities with Immovable Sources - State Gazette, No. 31/1999 , amended No. 52/2000)

Prior to commissioning

Control over the performance of the cleaning facilities regarding the observance of the emission rates

6. To prepare a Technical Instruction and a Programme for Prevention and Technical Maintenance of the Cleaning Devices (sleeve filters) to the aspiration of the burnt blende grinding mill and the pneumatic and transportation installations.

Prior to commissioning

Control over the performance of the cleaning facilities regarding the observance of the emission rates

7. To carry out the required technological adjustments of the new cleaning facilities (the sleeve filters to the aspiration of the burnt blende grinding mill and the flows from the pneumatic

Prior to commissioning

Provision of efficient performance of the dust collecting

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No. Measures Period (Phase) of Performance Result

1 2 3 4 and transportation installations); Reports of the results from testing by which the compliance with NAE [Norms for Admissible Emissions] for dust is proved to be submitted to the RIEW - Haskovo

devices

Geologic layer, lands and soils 8. Checking the general stability of layers, in which

the foundations of main facilities (furnace KC, contact device, the cascade of electrolytic baths) and the buildings will be and the earth-moving works and the possible works regarding vertical planning are carried out under a separate project. .

Upon design and prior to starting the construction

works

Provision of earthmoving works, the foundations and the strength of the buildings,

9. To update the programme in force for the soil monitoring and for the region of the IP,t additional points of sample taking to be provided at the Lead and Zinc Plant site at a depth of 10 and 50 cm (as a start of the monitoring), and later at every 5 years to study the surface layer (10 -15 cm) for finding possible solutions of the soils.

Before putting in operation

Control and prevention of soil contamination in the territory of the plant site

Waters 10

Design and implementation of measures for draining surface waters during construction

During construction works

Provision of stability of ditches

11

Mounting of water meters for the incoming and outgoing flows of water to and from the new installations

After the new installations are put in operation

Control of water consumption and waste waters; evaluation of the possibilities for their reduction

Solid waste 12

To ensure a land plot and prepare a sheltered premise (under the requirements of the WMA and the ordinances ensuing from it) for temporary storage of copper cakes (rich copper cake abd poor copper – cobalt – nickel cake) before their transportation for processing by a third company.

During design and prior to commisioning

Provision of safe storage of waste

13

To upgrade and submit for approval the Waste Management Programme in force (under Art. 146 Para 1 of the EPA and Art. 29 Para 1 item 2, WMA)

Upon preparation of CPCP Application

Provision of safe treatment of

waste

14

To speed up the work on the design of the new landfill for hazardous waste and opening a procedure for Environment Impact Assessment.

Before putting in operation of

new installations

Environmentally friendly

management of hazardous waste

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No. Measures Period (Phase) of Performance Result

1 2 3 4 Noise 15

These facilities (air blower, gas blower, some fans), which are assessed as potential sources of increased noise and vibrations should be mounted in an anti noise and anti vibration variant

Upon design and before putting in operation

Restriction of noise load

16

To measure and appraise the noise during launching the installations in operation (according to a set of methods approved by the Minister of Environment by means of Order No.РД-536/27.12.1999 )

After putting the installations in operation

Assessment of the level of emitted noise

Health –hygiene aspects 17

Development of instructions for prevention of dangers during construction and installation works and control over their performance; Carrying out daily, periodical and upon need briefings regarding observance the rules for construction and installation works.

During construction works

Decreasing the risk of labour accidents for people

18

Provision of conditions and organizing a physiological labour and rest schedule; Establishment of rules for work under the conditions of hard physical labour.

During construction works

Observing the requirements for sanitary hygiene and safe labour [conditions]

19

Conclusion of a contract with a Centre of Occupational Medicine, pursuant to Section 2 of ORDINANCE No.14 /1998 on Services of Occupational Medicine (promulgated in SG No. 95/1998 )

After commissioning

Assessments of the working environment, working process and labour safety

20

Recommendations for conducting regular health and ecological monitoring by a specialized healthcare establishment; conductance of regular prophylactic examinations oriented to revealing occupational diseases

After commissioning

For restriction of the negative impact on the health of potentially threatened people among the operating personnel

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9.2. Measures and Plan in Emergency cases

In accordance with the IP all the required conditions for sanitary hygiene and safety labour of the operating personnel at the new production facilities and the enlargements of the currently running ones, pursuant to the legislative framework in this country, will be provided. The Investor has declared that the Emergency Action Plan will be updated in order to bring it to conformity with the Guideline documents on the policy for preventing major industrial accidents and security management. To this end an Emergency Plan for the new facilities will be developed as a supplement to the existing emergency plans for the operating production lines of the Complex, in which plan the measures and means of prevention, restriction and elimination of the emergencies will be defined. The requirements for assessment of risk of accidents and their prevention will serve as the basis of the plan to be developed.

9.3. Monitoring

In course of preparing the new Application for CPCP [Complex Prevention and Control of Pollution] [permit], in which the new installations should be included, the Self-Monitoring Plan must be updated in compliance with:

Condition 9.6 of IP No. 124/2006, new stationary sources to the FB-furnace and the new system for sulphuric acid (the stacks К1, К1.А, К2, К3, К4 and К4.А)

Condition 9.6 of IP No. 124/2006 for self-monitoring of the waste flows of cooling waters and production and rain waters as well as Condition 13.8 – self-monitoring of underground waters;

Condition 13.9 – self-monitoring of the state of soils within the site of the LZC AD.

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10. Standpoints and opinions of the affected community, the competent authorities in relation to taking a decision for EIA and other specialized authorities as a result of the carried out consultancies

Pursuant to Art. 95 of Environmental Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Ordinance on Terms and Procedure for Performance of Environmental Impact Assessment of a proposal for construction, activities and technologies at the stage of Terms of Reference for the EIA Report, after an assessment of the Employer the following were informed by a letter and later were sent a copy of the Terms of Reference for the EIA (see text Appendices № 3):

− To the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Environment and Waters, a letter outgoing number НО-03-09-28/13.04.2007. ;

− Ministry of Health, Health Prevention and State Sanitary Control Directorate, a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-27/14.03.07;

− The Mayor of Kardjali municipality, a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-12/13.04.2007 and a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-01/04.01.2007 ;

− Director of Basin Directorate – Plovdiv, a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-19/13.04.07;

− Director of RIEW – Haskovo, a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-18/13.04.2007 ;

− Director of RIPCPH, a letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-27/14.04.07; − Director of Forestry Administration – the town of Kardjali, a letter of outgoing

number НО-03-09-48/14.04.07; − Manager of Clients Energy Centre– the town of Kardjali a letter of outgoing

number НО-03-09-05/13.04.07; − Manager of Water supply and Sewage – the town of Kardjali, a letter of outgoing

number НО-03-09-01/13.04.07; − Foundation Center of Non Government Organizations – the town of Kardjali, a

letter of outgoing number НО-03-09-02/13.04.07. There is an announcement published in the local newspaper New Life, issue dated

14.12.2006 ( See Text Appendices) about the investment intention of Lead and Zink Complex AD - the town of Kardjali.

In connection with the objectives, the technological essence and the expected actual

results of restricting the impact on the components of the environment within the region of the Lead and Zink Complex AD, consultancies were held with the above mentioned organizations, the results of which are stated in the received standpoints in writing from:

− MEW: outgoing number ОВОСУ – 10495/07.05.2007; − RIEW– Haskovo – outgoing number 2424-06/11.05.2007; − RIPCPH - outgoing number 1903/26.04.2007; − Mayor of Kardjali municipality - outgoing number 53-00-640/16.05.2007; − Water supply and Sewage ООD – the town of Kardjali, outgoing number

1055/23.04.2007. − Clients Energy Centre– the town of Kardjali; − Foundation Center of Non Government Organizations– the town of Kardjali –

outgoing number 41/14.05.2007.

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There is no opinion of the Ministry of Health (Directorate of Health Protection and State Sanitary Control) and the Basin Directorate and Forestry Administration – the town of Kardjali received until the submission of the Report on the Environmental Impact Assessment.

The received standpoints are positive. The notes and recommendations they contain are taken into consideration in the preparation of the Report on the Environmental Impact Assessment.

The standpoint of the MEW reads that, “...the Terms of Reference are worked out pursuant to the provisions of the law and the proposed structure of the Report on the EIA takes into consideration Art. 96, Para 1 of Environmental Protection Act. ...”

The standpoints of РRIPCPH, Water Supply and Sewage” OOD, Clients’ Energy Centre Foundation Center of Non Government Organizations contain no remarks and requirements regarding the Investment Proposal, the scope of the Terms of Reference and the proposed structure and contents of the Report on the EIA.

The standpoint of RIPEW – Haskovo contains recommendations that information under sections should be included in the Report on the EIA:

Air: Emission evaluation to be carried out after the model “Plume”; Characteristics of the diesel fuel to be presented. Stated opinions and comments are taken into consideration in working out the Report

on the EIA. Water: 1. To submit a detailed information about the expected quantity and quality of

the sewage and make a comparison to the sewage that is actually inflowing the sewage treatment plant.

Information requested under Item 6.2 is presented in the Report on the EIA. On the basis of the data given by Pre-Basic-Engineering на Outokumpu Technology

and Asturiana de Zinc , the average annual consumption of industrial water shall amount to 7 799 000 m3/y. The annual consumption of industrial water for the currently existing zinc production amounts to 9 917 825 m3/y (table 4.1.1 from the Application for complex permission of the Lead and Zinc Complex AD – see Text Appendices № 2). The comparison of this data shows substantial reduction of the water consumption with the new technologies, regardless of the increased production capacity of about 40 % – 45 000 t/y block zinc.

2. To include also the drainage system waters of the existing hazardous waste depository.

There is a design worked out for the construction of drainage system for Lead and Zinc Complex AD that is within the scope of damages from old pollutions, i.e. it affects the current production and is not a subject of assessment in the Report on the EIA for the investment proposal.

3. To read water flow in cases of intensive rain, how often and what quantities of unpurified water shall flow through the spillway of the emergency channel of Studen Kladenets dam lake.

In the complex permission number 124/2006 issued to Lead and Zinc Complex AD under provision 14.2 is regulated that: “...Lead and Zinc Complex AD shall work out an assessment of the possibility to discharge as a result of emergency situations in the sewage and drainage system (whether production, surface or other breakdown) of hazardous liquid substances, preparations or seriously polluted water. At the availability of such potential possibility for discharge, the operator should propose measures for keeping this water within the emergency volume on the territory of the site and their subsequent treatment ...”

One of the vacant ponds at the WWTP may be used as checking pond.

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The standpoint of Kardjali municipality contains the following recommendations referring to the submission of information in the the Report on the EIA, which we classify into three sections:

І. Recommendations and notes that are presented in the Report on the EIA Conformity assessment of the proposed technology for the cathode zink smelting

facility and the block zinc pouring with the Best Available Techniques - yes(BREF Code NFM, Item.5.1.8, Item 2.6.5, table 2.7, as well as BREF Code SF, Item 2.4.3.2.1 (see Item.2.3.4.2, 3.2.2.1 and Item 4.3 of the Report on the EIA).

Table2.3.2 shows the contents of cadmium in the zinc concentrates. Selection of a specific variant for treatment of the washing acid that is taken out

of the wet cleaning of the roasted gases flow – washing acids flow shall be treated at the Waste water treatment plant.

Imission assessment after the Plume dispersion model for spreading harmful emissions in the ambient air at :

a. Currently operating system of 32 000 t capacity. b. Envisaged installation of 32 000 t capacity. c. Envisaged installation of 45 000 t capacity.

Worked out and presented is Plume model for the installations envisaged in the investment proposal in the Report on EIA.

Regarding productivity, the requirement for variants of the dispersion model is not clear. The Complex permission regulates 32 000 t zinc capacity per year, and the investment proposal is for 45 000 t. The request of Kardjali municipality for designing a 3-variant model is contradictory and not clear. The same is valid for the other remarks and recommendations (waste, sewage and hazardous subtances) in the Standpoint that considers three-phase variant regarding productivity.

In the Report on EIA in the Text Appendix No 2, reports from the monitoring of

underground waters are presented; In the Report on EIA, under Item.6.3.3 – generated waste, data on the relative

quantities waste (t/t) are presented. ІІ. Recommendations and remarks which presentation in the Report on EIA is

either not correct or not mandatory. In sections ІІ.5, ІІ.8, ІІ.10, ІІ.11 and ІІ.13 of the standpoint, presentation of

information on three variants of the installations at the Lead and Zinc Complex is required. Currently operating system of 32 000 t capacity. Envisaged installation of 32 000 t capacity. Envisaged installation of 45 000 t capacity.

Most probably the experts at Kardjali municipality have not made familiar with the essence of the Investment Proposal. The installation according to the IP shall be designed and constructed with capacity of 45 000 t of zinc annually after the following considerations:

This is the minimum modular capacity of the installations offered by the offerers. The roasting furnace (There is no alternative of Boiling layer in zinc hydro metallurgy as of today. BREF Code NFM Item 2.6.1, Table 2.5, as well as BREF Code NFM Item 2.5.1.7; Item 2.5.3, Table 2.3; 2.6.1.2 and Item 2.6.5) and the sulphuric acid systems are designed by one of the industry-leading designing

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companies (Outokumpu Technology – formerly LURGI –GmbH ). High quality is envisaged for the supplied main equipment, which is a guarantee for reliable exploitation, easy maintenance and low emissions of sulphur dioxide in the exhaust flue gasses (below 0,01 об. % SO2, respectively below 300 mg/Nm3). The system is of double catalysis and double absorption, which qualifies the highest requirements of the documents about Best Available Techniques. (BREF Code NFM Item 2.8.1.4 and BREF Code LVIC AAF Item 1.3.1.2.3 and Item 2.3.1). The advantages of the new electrolysis workshop are in pursuance of some recognized practices are applied in industry-leading operators, such as Asturiana de Zinc – Spain (with capacity of more than 400 000 tons of zinc per year).

The technological and installation solutions in the Investment Proposal require a continuous mode of operation of «minimum» production capacity, that amounts to not less than 45 000 t of zinc per year after limiting conditions of the design and the technology.

The technical and economic analysis shows that this is the minimum capacity that will provide satisfactory return on investments and economic efficiency of the stock prices for zinc.

Information in the Report on EIA confirms that not harmful impact on the environment is expected at this capacity.

The management of Lead and Zinc Complex AD has not commented and is not planning to discuss a variant for a new installation of 32 000 t of zinc per year.

In the opinion of Kardjali municipality experts, the characteristics of the environment

and a forecast for the impact on the component ambient air, requires a correct analysis of the ambient air quality for a 5 year period, including the year 2006.

- To analyze the number of days with registered contents of Cd and Pb exceeding the norm, and the same as % of the total number of samples for the year.

- To analyze the number of samples containing SO2 over the maximum single concentration and the same as % of the total number of samples for the year.

- To work out a forecast for the impact of the new internal traffic of vehicles that will carry concentrate from the new warehouse to the existing concentrate warehouse.

The requested information is not relevant to the Report on EIA of the investment proposal. All report sections submit information on the emission characteristics of the exhaust flows (air, water, waste). The advantages of the new technological solutions and of the modern equipment are indisputable.

The existing situation regarding emissions in the air is presented within the necessary scope and the comparative analysis with the new technological solutions show firm advantages of the Investment Proposal and the requested information on a retrospective 5-year period will only be of statistical significance.

ІІІ. Recommendations and Remarks regarding Damages from Old Pollutions Persistent is the request of Kardjali municipality experts: To make analyses of water samples from the tailings storage of the Stouden

Kladenets dam-lake but after the point of out letting of Lead and Zink Complex.

In our opinion the location of the monitoring point at the Arda River, specified by the RIEW, may not be a subject of contesting. We also think that the single sampling and analysis will be of no representative character taking into consideration the seasonal dynamics of the outlet.

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To use up-to-date data from the development of Geo Euro Eco Consult, June 2004, whose assignor is Lead and Zink Complex AD.

- Results from the self-monitoring of Lead and Zink Complex AD from the 5 permanent monitoring points, operating in accordance with provision 13.9.2. of Complex Permission 124/2006.

- Analysis of soil contamination in immediate proximity to the East fencing of the enterprise.

Requested data is within the scope of “damages from old pollutions” that are a responsibility of the state, while Lead and Zink Complex AD is only an employer on behalf of the state. Old Damages Project has no connection to the production activity of Lead and Zink Complex AD.

In accordance with the Environmental Protection Act a difference in the contents and

the scope of Report on EIA and an Application for CPCP should be made. In the opinion of the licensed experts who worked out the Report on EIA, these are

elements that should be included in the scope of the Application for the issuance of a Complex permission for the installations of the Investment proposal.

In conclusion we accept the useful recommendations in the standpoint of Kardjali municipality but we do not accept the remarks related to the request for additional information in the Report on EIA that is not within the scope of the Report.

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11. Experts Conclusion in accordance with the provisions of Art. 83, Para 3 In the Report on EIA of the Investment proposal for Modernization and enlargement

of the Lead & Zink Complex through commissioning a new Roasting Workshop, a new system for the production of sulphuric acid and a new electrolysis workshop, a comprehensive review of the investment proposal as well as of it impact on the components of the environment and the health of people have been made. The report is worked out in accordance with the provisions of the Environmental Protection Act, dated 25.09.2002, Act amending and supplementing the Environmental Protection Act (State Gazette, issue 77/27.09.2005), Ordinance on Terms and Procedure for Performance of Environmental Impact Assessment of investment proposals for construction, activities and technologies, approved by Decree of the Council of Ministers No 59/07.03.2003 and other Acts, Ordinances, Regulations and statutory documents. Standpoints of competent authorities and the opinion of the affected population had been taken into consideration in the development.

An inspection of the terrains specified for the implementation of the IP on the Site of the Complex was carried out. The investment proposal construction and implementation will be carried out on plots within the territory of operating productions of the Lead and Zink Complex, employing its available infrastructure. Findings of experts are illustrated with graphic evidence material.

Analysis and an assessment of the expected impact of the IP implementation on the environment and the health of people have been made. Health risk factors have been identified.

Expected impact of emitted pollutants at the time of the construction works on the components of the environment may be classified as insignificant, of limited duration, reversible and within a small territorial range.

Expected impact of the emitted pollutants, after commissioning the facilities, on the environment may be classified as insubstantial, permanent of long-lasting effect, of local scope, with insignificant cumulative effect, below the approved national and European statutory requirements and does not suppose negative impacts on the health of people.

On the basis of the analysis and the assessment made, measures are proposed that will reduce or prevent the harmful impact on the environment and the health of people as well as a plan for their implementation.

The authors of the Report on EIA of the Investment Proposal, on the basis of the

performed evaluation and analysis and in accordance with the legislation relating to environmental issues, proposes to the respected Supreme Expert Ecological Council to approve the implementation of the Investment Proposal for Modernization and enlargement of the Lead & Zink Complex through launching a new Roasting Workshop, new system for the production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop of Lead and Zink Complex AD of annual capacity of 45 000 t of ingot zinc.

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12. Description of Difficulties in Preparing EIA Report In the process of the preparation of the EIA Report, the Investor, the local

administration and RIEW - Haskovo have provided full support to the team.

177

13. Declaration of Impartiality and certificates of the registered experts The undersigned experts who have worked out the Report on EIA for the Investment

proposal Modernization and enlargement of the Lead & Zink Complex through commissioning a new Roasting Workshop, a new system for the production of sulphuric acid and a new electrolysis workshop, declare with their signatures that they are not directly or indirectly involved in the activity of Lead and Zinc Complex AD – Kardjali , they have no relation of dependency on investors, designers or owners of the site, are not personally interested in the implementation of the Investment Proposal and qualify the provisions of Art. 11, Para 3 of the Ordinance on Terms and Procedures for Performance of Environmental Impact Assessment of investment proposals for construction, activities and technologies, approved by Decree of the Council of Ministers No 59/07.03.2003 (amended and supplemented Decree of the Council of Ministers No 302/30.12.2005).

Enclosed are the certificates of the registered experts who have worked out the Report on EIA (Text Appendices No 4).

List of the experts who have worked out the Report on EIA of Investment proposal of

Lead and Zinc Complex AD for Modernization and enlargement of the Lead and Zinc Complex through commissioning a new Roasting Workshop, a new system for production of sulphuric acid and a new electrolysis workshop.

No Full name Licence,

Registration number

Worked out Items of the Report on EIA Signature

1. Associate Professor Engineer Ivan Naydenov Gruev – team leader

240/06.11.2006 Item 1, Item 3, Item 5.6, Item 6.1.5 Item 7

2. Associate Professor Engineer Pencho Dochev Lesidrenski

239/06.11.2006 Item 2, Item 4, Item 5.1, Item 6.1.1, Item 8, Item 9

3. Professor Engineer Elena Ivanova Zheleva

9/29.12.2005 Item 5.4, Item 6.1.3

4. Engineer Bogdan Angelov Bogdanov

76/27.03.2006 Item 5.5, Item 6.1.4

5. Engineer Plamen Ivanov Chokoev

859/21.01.2003 5.2, 6.1.2, Item 6.1.3

6. Engineer Zlatozar Borisov Raponski

153/29.08.2006 5.7, 6.1.7

7. Associate Professor Engineer Dr. Alexander Stefanov Spasov

670/12.07.2002 Item 6.4, Item 8

8. Asenka Levcheva Chalyova 645/25.06.2002 Item 5.8, Item 6.1.6 9. Stella Delcheva Todorova

476/28.02.2007 Item 5.9

178

14. List of the Appendices to the Terms of Reference for EIA

14.1. Graphic Appendices

Graphic Appendix No 1 – General Plan of Lead and Zinc Complex AD with location of sites of the new plants;

Graphic Appendix No 1.А – General Plan of Zinc Plant of Lead and Zinc Complex AD with location of sites of the new plants;

Graphic Appendix No 2.А – Flow chart of the zinc concentrates roasting plant (feeding device and КС-furnace);

Graphic Appendix No 2.B – Flow chart of the zinc concentrates roasting plant (waste heat boiler and processing of burnt blende);

Graphic Appendix No 2.C – Flow chart plan of the zinc concentrates roasting plant (dry cleaning of the roasting gases – DEF);

Graphic Appendix No 2.D – Flow chart of the zinc concentrates roasting plant (wert cleaning of roasting gases – vent dust collector );

Graphic Appendix No 2.E – Flow chart of the zinc concentrates roasting plant (wet cleaning of roasting gases – wet electrical filters).

Graphic Appendix No 3.А – Flow chart of the sulphuric acid system (drying section секция);

Graphic Appendix No 3.АB – Flow chart of the sulphuric acid system (contacting device);

Graphic Appendix No 3.C – Flow chart of the sulphuric acid system (gas absorption).

Graphic Appendix No 4 – Flow chart of the treatment of ZnSO4 (solutions and processing of cementation sediments – cakes) according to Pre-Basic-Engineering of Asturiana De Zinc – Spain.

Graphic Appendix No 5 – Device plan of the electrolytic plant according to Pre-Basic-Engineering of Asturiana De Zinc – Spain.

14.2. Text Appendices

Text Appendices No 1: − Title Deed of Ownership No 12/1998 ; − Complex Permission No 124/2006 of Lead and Zinc Complex AD; − A letter of Lead and Zinc Complex AD to MEW, RIEW – Haskovo, Kardjali

municipality with a notification about the Investment Proposal; − Announcement in the local newspaper New Life, issue dated 14.12.2006 about the

investment intention of Lead and Zink Complex AD – the town of Kardjali. − An answer in the form of a letter by MEW dated 23.01.2007 regarding the

procedure of the Investment proposal; − A letter outgoing number 53-А-255/01.10.2006 – Permission of Kardjali

municipality for the preparation of CDP-BS [Comprehensive Development Plan – Building Scheme] for the waste landfill of Lead and Zinc Complex AD

Text Appendices No 2: − Material Safety Data Sheet of reagent potassium antimony tartrate; − Diesel fuel certificate;

179

− Excerpt from the Application for Complex permission of Lead and Zinc Complex AD, 2006 – Table 4.1.1. Water consumption;

− Data about ambient air quality within the region of Kardjali town. Text Appendices No 3: Cover letters with the Terms of Reference for the scope of the Report on EIA of the

Investment Proposal for Modernization and enlargement of the Zink Plant through commissioning a new Roasting Workshop, a new sulphuric acid system and a new electrolysis workshop, sent to:

− the Deputy Minister of MEW; − the Ministry of Health, Health Protection and State Sanitary Control Directorate; − the Mayor of Kardjaly municipality; − Director of Basin Directorate – Plovdiv; − Director of RIEW – Haskovo − Director of RIPCPH; − Director of Forestry Administration – the town of Kardjali; − Clients Energy Center Manager – the town of Kardjali; − the manager of Water supply and Sewage ООD – the town of Kardjali; Foundation Center of Non Government Organizations Received standpoints in writing regarding the Terms of reference of EIA: − MEW: outgoing No ОВОСУ – 10495/ 07.05.2007 ; − RIEW – Haskovo –outgoing No 2424-06/11.05.2007; − RIPCPN- outgoing No 1903/26.04.2007; − Mayor of Kardjali municipality; − Water supply and Sewage ООD – the town of Kardjali, outgoing No

1055/23.04.2007; − Clients Energy Center – the town of Kardjali; − Foundation Center of Non Government Organizations – the town of Kardjali –

outgoing No 41/14.05.2007. Text Appendices No 4: − Licences of the independent experts – authors of the Report on EIA

180

GRAPHIC APPENDICES

181

Graphic Appendix No. 1

General Plan of Lead &Zink Complex AD with the Location of the Sites of New Plants New Electrolytic Workshop Key: 1 Site – Enlargement of the Wet Extraction Workshop 2 Reconstruction of the existing Wet Extraction Workshop 3 Site – Jarosite Mixer and Thickeners 4 Reconstruction of the Cobalt Salts building 5 Settling Bucket Ø 15 6 Site – New Electrolytic Workshop New Sulphuric Acid Workshop Key:

1. Site – Roasting Furnace 2. Sulphuric Acid Plant 3. Burnt Blende Silo

A. Zinc dust B. Stabilization C. Substation B D. Settling Tank E. Zinc Dichloride

Location of Stacks Stack K1 – 50-metre stack after the DCDA system Stack K1-A – Exhaust stack of flue gases from the FB Furnace Stack K2 – Stack for Ventilation to the burnt blende mill Stack K3 – Stack for the pneumatic transportation to the hopper for burnt blende from the FB furnace Stack K4 – Stack for the pneumatic transportation to the wet extraction hopper

182

A. Soda storehouse B. Job shops C. Milk centre D. Warehouse construction-repair shop E. Sylo F. Compressor section G. Design division H. Sodium bisulphide I. Plants J. Wet extraction K. Stack K4 L. Job shop repair workshop M. Roasting workshop N. Stack K4-A O. Control and measurement instruments, automated process control system, ill. P. Dry filter Q. Stack K1-A R. Control and measurement instruments, automated process control system S. Stack K2 T. Duster U. Stack K3 V. Sulphuric acid shop W. Electrolytic workshop X. Stack K1 Y. Warehouse at the repair and maintenance Z. Furniture warehouse

183

Graphic Appendix No. 1.A General Plan of the Zink Plant of the Lead & Zinc Complex AD with the Location of the Sites of the New Plants A. Central Plant Laboratory B. Employees’ Canteen C. Transportation Workshop D. Programmers E. Administrative building F. ill. G. ill. H. ill. I. ill. J. ill. K. ill. L. ill. M. ill. N. ill. O. ill. waste P. ill. Q. ill. furnace R. ill. workshop S. Railway lines T. Warehouse for spare parts U. ill. V. New warehouse for concentrate W. Warehouse for fuels and lubricants

184

Graphic Appendix No. 2.A Flow Chart of the Zinc Roasting and Sulphuric Acid Plant (Material Feeding System and Fluid Bed Furnace) A. Burnt blende B. Water C. Concentrate D. Diaphragm roof E. Starting feeding hopper F. Fluid Bed Furnace G. Gas flow H. Feeding Hopper I. Feeding conveyor belt J. Starting burners K. Disc feeder L. Air M. Belt feeder N. Belt feeder O. Cooling circle P. Water jets Q. Burn blende R. Air blower S. Naphtha T. Burnt blende

185

Graphic Appendix No. 2.B Flow Chart of the Plant of Zinc Concentrates Roasting (Waste Steam Boiler and Processing of Burnt Blende) A. Gas flow B. Waste steam boiler C. Gas flow D. Burnt blende E. Air F. Stack K2 G. Burnt blende H. Air blower (cooling air) I. Fan J. Burnt blende from a cyclone K. Burnt blende L. Cooling drum M. Sleeve filter N. Burnt blende from a cyclone O. Burnt blende from dry electric filter P. Burnt blende Q. Burnt blende R. Chain conveyor S. Mill T. Elevator U. Burnt blende V. Chain conveyor

186

Graphic Appendix No. 2.C Flow Chart of the Plant of Zinc Concentrates Roasting (Dry Purification of Roasting Gases – Dry Electric Filter (DEF)) A. Gas SO2 B. Gas SO2 C. Air D. Cyclone E. DEF F. Heater G. Fan H. Gas SO2I. Cyclone J. Chain conveyor K. Burnt blende from cyclones L. Dust from DEF

187

Graphic Appendix No. 2.D Flow Chart of the Plant of Zinc Concentrates Roasting (Wet Purification of Roasting Gases – Venturi Duster) A. Water B. Water C. Gas SO2 D. Bucket – spare water E. Washing acid F. Venturi system G. Air I. Gas SO2J. Desorber K. Cone – settling tank L. to WWTP M. Pump N. Pump O. Washing acid P. Washing acid R. to WWTP S. Circulation pumps (3 pcs.) T. Collecting sump U. Gas SO2V. Barrrel

188

Graphic Appendix No. 2.D Flow Chart of the Plant of Zinc Concentrates Roasting (Wet Purification of Roasting Gases – Wet Electric Filters (WEF)) A. Water B. Gas SO2 C. Gas SO2 D. Gas SO2 E. Water F. WEF (1) G. WEF (1) H. Cooler I. Fan J. Launching stack K. Water L. Washing acid M. Gas SO2N. Water O. Washing acid P. Washing acid Q. Pump R. Washing acid S. Pump

189

Graphic Appendix No. 3.A Flow Chart of the Suphuric Acid System (Drying Section) A. Gas SO2B. Gas blower C. Cooler D. Gas SO2E. Water F. Filter G. Drying tower H. Pump I. Air J. Winter production

190

Graphic Appendix No. 3.A Flow Chart of the Suphuric Acid System (Contact Device) A. Air B. Gas SO2C. Gas SO2D. Gas SO2 E. Gas SO2F. Air G. Gas SO2H. Gas SO2I. Gas SO2J.Gas SO2K.Gas SO2L. Heat exchanger M. Contact device N. Heat exchanger O. Heat exchanger 1 P. Heat exchanger 2 Q. Air R. Fan S. Air T. Heater U. Naphtha V. Gas SO2W. Gas SO2X. Gas SO2Y. Gas SO2

191

A. Feeding bucket SrCO3B. SrCO3 (sacs) C. Industrial water D. Bucket SrCO3E. Pump for SrCO3F. To collecting sump under the electrolytic baths G. Pump H. Cleaned solution of ZnSO4I. Pump Designation of Flows in the Flow Chart: 1 – Solution of ZnSO4 after purification 2 – Electrolyte, which is recycled 3 – Used electrolyte (to ACT) 4 – Used electrolyte after ACT (to Extraction) 5 – Suspension of MnO26 – Suspension of SrCO3 (to baths)

7 – Water steam from ACT 8 – Industrial water 9 – Suspension of SrCO3 (recirculated) 10 – Flow of water after washing cathodes and anodes (to Extraction) 11- Flow of water for washing cathodes and anodes 12 – Flow of Electrolyte (to bucket from purification of ACT)

J. to WWTP K. to the collector of used electrolyte L. Collecting sump

192

Graphic Appendix No. 5 Flow Chart of the Electrolysis Plant according to the Project (Pre-Basic-Engineering) Developed by ASTURIANA DE ZINC, Spain A. Steam B. Steam C. ACT No. 1 D. ACT No. 2 E. ACT No. 3 F. Lifting hoist G. Chute – cleaning of ACT H. to the vacuum system I. Chute for electrolysis J. Container for sediments from cleaning K. Feeding tank L. Industrial water M. Mixer N. Container for sediments from cleaning O. Bucket – cleaning P. Electrolytic cells Q. to Extraction R. Pump S. ill. T. to collecting sump – electrolysis U. Main circulation bucket V. Pump W. Main circulation pump X. Pump

193

TEXT APPENDICES No. 1

194

Ing. Reg. № ……………………….. of register Volume ______________ Page _________________

Place for stamps NOTARY DEED

On ……………. BGN Fee according to Stamp Duty Act …………………………….. BGN “………………………………….” “………………………………….” Total ………. BGN Receipt № …………. Year 19…..

Certifying the ownership right on real estate № 12, volume I, file № 12/1998 On sixth of February, year thousand nine hundred and ninety eight, Eliyana Kalaydzhieva, Notary Public with the Notary Office at Kardjali District Court, at my office in the town of Kardjali, on the grounds of the written evidence enclosed with the application of Rusi Stamov Dafinov, passport series D № 4660366, issued by the Ministry of Interior in the town of Kardjali on 29.04.1995, personal ID 3803272347, resident of and residing in the town of Kardjali, № 31 Republikanska Street – in his capacity of representative of LEAD AND ZINK COMPLEX AD, the town of Kardjali, registered under corporate file № 57 / 89 of Kardjali District Court, entered Companies Register, register I, volume 1, page 26, sequence number of the entry 8, having its seat in the town of Kardjali, and in accordance with Art. 483, paragraph 1 of the Civil Procedures Code and a Decree № 1392 / list 28 dated 26.05.1950 of the Council of Ministers of People’s Republic of Bulgaria, with regard to Art. 3 and Art. 9 of the Rules for expropriation of properties for state and public needs, adopted with a Decree № 505 dated 30.06.1952, I hereby drafted this Notary Deed, whereby I recognize the applicant - Rusi Stamov Dafinov, in his capacity of representative of LEAD AND ZINK COMPLEX AD, the town of Kardjali, as OWNER of the following real estate: Ground of LZC AD the town of Kardjali, on which the main production operations are performed, located in the land area of the town of Kardjali, UCS 40909, municipality of Kardjali, with area of the plot 326 230 sq. m. /three hundred and twenty six thousand two hundred and thirty square meters/, bordering to the north – asphalt road, to the east – agriculture land, to the south – railroad Kardjali – Haskovo, to the west – ground “Temporary Residences” of LZC AD the town of Kardjali.

195

The price of the property is 202 588 830 BGN /two hundred and two million five hundred and eighty eight thousand eight hundred and thirty levs/, evidenced by the real estate appraisal of site “Ground of LZC AD the town of Kardjali, on which the production operations are performed”, drafted by Interprograma AD the town of Sofia, licensed appraiser, holder of license № 1941 dated 04.10.1993 issued by the Privatization Agency. While drafting the Deed, the following documents, substantiating the property right and the compliance with the specific legal requirements, were presented: 1/ State Property Deed № 8033 / 12.03.1996; 2/ Decree of the Council of Ministers № 1392 / list 28 dated 26.05.1950; 3/ Geodetic surveying on sites, to prove the actual ownership of LZC AD the town of Kardjali on the terrains, which are not entered into the Balance Sheet of the company and are not enacted – sub site “Ground of LZC AD the town of Kardjali, on which the production operations are performed”; 4/ Report for the appraisal of real estate by the licensed appraiser Interprograma AD; 5/ Certificate of registration under corporate file № 57 / 89 of Kardjali District Court, entered Companies Register, register I, volume 1, page 26, sequence number of the entry 8; 6/ Letter № 0121 – 00 – 315 / 26.01.1998 of Regional Office of Tax Administration of Kardjali; 7/ Receipts for paid stamp duties. Notary: signed illegible

Seal of the Notary Office Stamp: True copy Seal of Lead and Zink Complex AD, signed illegible

196

DRAWING (ill.)

of a real estate with number 023025 in the land area of KARDJALI - ill. 40909,

Municipality of KARDJALI

The estate is owned by: 1. Lead and Zink Complex AD, Bulstat No. 000220014, KARDJALI City, 127, Bulgaria str. Document: Title Deed No. 12 of 06.02.1998, volume I Area of the estate: 326.289 decares. Way of long-term use: Processing of non-ferrous metals The estate is located in the locality of and has the following borders and neighbours: No. 000080, railway of Railway Infrastructure national complex No. 000200, centre of population of KARDJALI City No. 000077, Road, 4th class of KARDJALI Municipality – country-road and road 4th class of the Republic Road Network No. 023023, Field road of KARDJALI Municipality No. 023024, Field of KARDJALI Municipality There are the following restrictions on the estate: 1) Electric power line 20 kV. No buildings could be erected and no tall greenery could be planted within 10 m of the two ends of the end conductors or at 11 m from the axis of the electric power line. 2) The estate is located in a zone with pollution B111. There are restrictions in the land use, expressed in a certificate. The drawing True transcript of Original, sgd. ill. Stamp of Lead and Zink Complex AD The drawing consists of 1 page. It has a period of validity of 5 months. Prepared by: DIMITER DIMITROV, Eng. sgd. ill. Cadaster M OOD, Kardjali City, Stamp ill. Date: 12.12.2006 ill. Head of Agricultural and Forests Municipal Service Stamp of Agricultural and Forests Municipal Service

197

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

COMPLEX LICENCE

No. 124 / 2006

Operator: LEAD AND ZINC COMPLEX AD, the town of Kardjali Address: Bulgaria Blvd, 127 6600 Kardjali For operation of running plants and installations for the following categories of industrial activities under Appendix 4 of Environmental Protection Law: 1. Plant for production of Zinc and Zinc compounds – p. 2.1, 2.5a), 2.5.b), 4.2d) and

4.2e of Appendix 4 of EPL [Environmental Protection Law]: - Metal ore roasting – p. 2.1 of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc production – p.2.5.a) and 2.5b) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc sulphate production – p. 4.2.d) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc dichloride - p. 4.2.d) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc oxide - p. 4.2.e) of Appendix 4 of EPL

2. Plant for production of Lead and Lead compounds – p.2.1, 2.5.a, 2.5.b) of Appendix 4 of EPL

- Sintering of Lead charge – p. 2.1 of Appendix 4 of EPL - Production of Lead – p. 2.5.a) and 2.5b.) of Appendix 4 of EPL

- Production of Lead via processing of discharged batteries – p. 2.5.a) and 2.5b.) of Appendix 4 of EPL

3. Production of Cadmium – p.2.5.a) of Appendix 4 of EPL 4. Production of Bismuth - p.2.5.a) of Appendix 4 of EPL 5. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill of lead slag and used filtering sheets – p. 5.4

of Appendix 4 of EPL 6. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill of lead and zinc cake – p. 5.4 of Appendix 4 of

EPL 7. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill for sludges from a waste water treatment

plant - p. 5.4 of Appendix 4 of EPL 8. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill of plastic waste from used batteries – p. 5.4 of

Appendix 4 of EPL Date of signing: Signature: signature (not legible) 14 Nov 2006 Dzhevdet Chakarov Minister of Environment and Waters Circular stamp of the Ministry of Environment

and Waters

198

REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

DECISION No. 124 / 2006

Pursuant to Art. 120 of Environmental Protection Law (EPL) and Art. 16, Para 1 of Ordinance on Conditions and Procedure for Issuance of Complex Licences (DCM [Decree of Council of Ministers] No. 62/12 Mar 2003, amended and supplemented by DCM No. 278/20 Dec 2005)

I ISSUE

Complex permission to LEAD AND ZINC COMPLEX AD, the town of Kardjali Registration number: 124/2006 Operator: LEAD AND ZINC COMPLEX AD, the town of Kardjali Address: Bulgaria Blvd, 127, 6600 Kardhzali Bulstat11 [No]: 00022014Ю

for operation of the following plants and installations: 1. Plant for production of Zinc and Zinc compounds – p. 2.1, 2.5a), 2.5.b), 4.2d) and

4.2e of Appendix 4 of EPL [Environmental Protection Law]: - Metal ore roasting – p. 2.1 of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc production – p.2.5.a) and 2.5b) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc sulphate production – p. 4.2.d) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc dichloride - p. 4.2.d) of Appendix 4 of EPL - Zinc oxide - p. 4.2.e) of Appendix 4 of EPL

2. Plant for production of Lead and Lead compounds – p.2.1, 2.5.a, 2.5.b) of Appendix 4 of EPL

- Sintering of Lead charge – p. 2.1 of Appendix 4 of EPL - Production of Lead – p. 2.5.a) and 2.5b.) of Appendix 4 of EPL

- Production of Lead via processing of discharged batteries – p. 2.5.a) and 2.5b.) of Appendix 4 of EPL

3. Production of Cadmium – p.2.5.a) of Appendix 4 of EPL 4. Production of Bismuth - p.2.5.a) of Appendix 4 of EPL 5. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill for lead slag and used filtering sheets – p. 5.4

of Appendix 4 of EPL 6. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill for lead and zinc cake – p. 5.4 of Appendix 4

of EPL 7. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill for sludges from a waste water treatment

plant - p. 5.4 of Appendix 4 of EPL

11 The statistical register of legal and physical persons in Bulgaria – Translator’s note

199

8. Hazardous waste landfill – Landfill for plastic waste from used batteries – p. 5.4 of Appendix 4 of EPL

under the conditions of Licence No. 124/2006, Appendix No. 1 to this decision. Signature: signature (not legible) Circular stamp of Date of signing: the Ministry of Environment Dzhevdet Chakarov and Waters 14 Nov 2006 Minister of Environment and Waters Pursuant to Art. 117, Para 5 the presence of this licence shall cancel the requirements for issuance of permissions under Art. 37 in connection with Art. 12 of Law on Waste Management, as well as under Art. 46, Para 1, p. 1, letter “e” and p. 3 of Law on Waters. This decision is subject to appeal in compliance with Administrative Procedure Code.

200

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali

Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-118/06 12.12

Attn.: Mr. DJEVDET CHAKAROV, MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Dear Mr. Chakarov, Enclosed please find a notice of investment proposal.

Yours sincerely, signed illegible Eng. O. Mihaylov

Executive Director Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali Date: 12.12.2006

201

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI

Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-01/07 04.01

Attn.: Mr. Djevdet Chakarov

MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS Dear Mr. Chakarov,

In addition to the sent notice of investment proposal our ref. № HO-03-09-118/12.12.2006, enclosed please find a copy of publication in the local newspaper “Nov Zhivot” issue 14.12.2006, whereby the management of LZC AD informs the public about the forth coming implementation of project “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop”.

Enclosure: according to the text

Yours sincerely, signed illegible

Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov

Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali 04.01.2007

202

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali

Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-118/06 12.12

Attn.: Mr. DIMITAR ILIEV, Director of RIEW

HASKOVO Dear Mr. ILIEV, Enclosed please find a notice of investment proposal.

Yours sincerely, signed illegible Eng. O. Mihaylov

Executive Director Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali Date: 12.12.2006

203

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI

Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-01/07 04.01

Attn.: Mr. DIMITAR ILIEV, Director of RIEW

HASKOVO Dear Mr. Iliev,

In addition to the sent notice of investment proposal our ref. № HO-03-09-118/12.12.2006, enclosed please find a copy of publication in the local newspaper “Nov Zhivot” issue 14.12.2006, whereby the management of LZC AD informs the public about the forth coming implementation of project “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop”.

Enclosure: according to the text

Yours sincerely, signed illegible

Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov

Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali 04.01.2007

204

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali

Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-118/06 12.12

Attn.: Mr. H. AZIS Mayor of Kardjali Municipality

Dear Mr. Azis, Enclosed please find a notice of investment proposal.

Yours sincerely, signed illegible Eng. O. Mihaylov

Executive Director Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali Date: 12.12.2006

205

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI

Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-01/07 04.01

Attn.: Mr. H. Azis

MAYOR OF KARDJALI MUNICIPALITY

Dear Mr. Azis, In addition to the sent notice of investment proposal our ref. № HO-03-09-118/12.12.2006, enclosed please find a copy of publication in the local newspaper “Nov Zhivot” issue 14.12.2006, whereby the management of LZC AD informs the public about the forth coming implementation of project “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop”.

Enclosure - according to the text.

04.01.2007

Yours sincerely, signed illegible Eng. O. Mihaylov

Executive Director Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

206

Publication in a newspaper of December 2007

THE MANAGEMENT OF LZC AD

ADVISES

the interested society regarding the forthcoming implementation of a project entitled Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a New Roasting Workshop, New System for Production of Sulphuric Acid and New Electrolysis Workshop. The project aims at reaching compliance with the strictest requirements for ambient and working environment under the Bulgarian and European legislations, increasing the capacity, raising the quality of product and reaching the world standards for efficiency of production. The modern plants for roasting of the zinc concentrates and the use of the process gases for production of sulphuric acid will be licensed by the leading engineering company Outokumpu Technology GmbH. The roasting workshop will have a fluid bed furnace equipped with waste steam boiler for using the heat of the furnace gases. The workshop for the production of sulphuric acid will be provided with high-efficient facilities for gas purification, two-stage contacting with a high level of conversion and two-stage absorption providing an end-emission of sulphur dioxide in the exhaust gases of less than 500 mg/cub m, by which the observance of the strictest norms of admissible emissions in the atmosphere is guaranteed. The facilities are characterized by high productivity, compactness, automated system for supervision and control of the processes. The new electrolysis centre will be installed according to most advanced flow and process chart of Asturiana de Zinc. The workshop will be fully automated, with supervision and control of all processes, including the zinc stripping, taking out and charging cathodes, processing of anodes, automated system for monitoring of short circuits, voltage of baths, parameters of the electrolyte. The electricity use ratio will be no less than 92%. Evaporation cooling of the electrolyte is provided, which ensures the water balance and the highly efficient ventilation of the work premise guaranteeing healthy conditions of work.

207

R E P U B L I C O F B U L G A R I A MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER

Ref. No. ОВОСУ – 10495 Stamp: ill. Sofia, 23.01.2007 Handritten: Mrs. Stoyanova 23.01.07 sgd. ill. To: Mr. O. Mihaylov Executive Director of LZC AD, Kardjali 127, Bulgaria Blvd. Copy: RIEW – Haskovo Executive Environment Agency Kardjali Municipality To Your Ref. No. HO-03-09-118/12.12.2006 Subject: Investment Proposal for Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a

New Roasting Workshop, New System for Production of Sulphuric Acid and New Electrolysis Workshop

Dear Mr. Mihaylov, In connection to your advisory letter and on the grounds of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of Ordinance on the terms and conditions for carrying out Environmental Impact Assessment (adopted by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 59/2003, amended by Council of Ministers’ Decree No. 302/2005), we would like to inform you as follows: I. Regarding the Requirements of Chapter 6 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA): Your intention about modernization of the existing capacities for production of zinc and increasing the capacity for zinc production from 32,000 t/annually to 45,000 t/annually (by 13,000 t/annually more than the capacity permitted under complex permit No. 124/2006), should be discussed as enlargement according to item 28 of § 1 of the Additional Provisions of the Law. The investment proposal itself falls within the range of item 7, littera “a” of Appendix No. 1 of EPA and under item 38 of the same Appendix it is subject to mandatory environmental impact appraisal (EIA). The Minister of Environment and Water is the competent authority for the issuance of a decision to carry out EIA. Sofia 1000, 67, William Gladstone str. Phone: 940 6219; Fax 986 48 48

208

Considering this and on the grounds of Article 10, Paragraph 1 of the above Ordinance, it is necessary to assign the development of terms of reference for the range of the EIA Report, which should include the information provided under Article 10, Paragraph 3 of the same Ordinance. The term of reference should include a requirement that the EIA Report should compare the offered facilities and technologies to the conclusions provided by comparison documents with directions for the best available techniques. When preparing the terms of reference, it is your obligation, under the requirements of the statutory framework, to organize carrying out consultations, including ones with the specialized competent authorities of the Ministry of Health, the public concerned and the non-governmental organizations, as well as with the Ministry of Environment and Water and the Regional Inspectorate of Environment of Water – Haskovo. The EIA Report should be assigned to independent experts who are registered with the Ministry of Environment and Water and shall be developed in compliance with the terms of reference, which shows the information from the consultations and the requirements of the Article 96, Paragraph 1 of EPA. II. Regarding the Requirements of Chapter 7, Section 2 of EPA: The modernization and enlargement of the Zinc Production Plant, proposed in this way, represents an essential change under EPA and the Set of Methods for Issuing Complex Permits. Its implementation is not allowed under КР No. 124/2006. Due to this, after performing the obligations under Chapter 6 of EPA, the operator should submit to the Executive Environment Agency an application for issuance of a complex permit.

Deputy Minister: Sgd. (Chavdar Georgiev) Stamp of the Ministry of Environment

and Water, Republic of Bulgaria

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TEXT APPENDICES No. 2

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

SID 1 LTD Sofia 1756, Durvenitsa Housing Estate, Bl. 28, Telephone/Fax: 02/877 02 38 GSM 0887 207 980

PROTOCOL No. 0016/30.12.2006

about the results of testing a sample of fuels for diesel engines

taken by Saksa OOD on 29.12.2006

Indicators Methods of Testing

Requirements under Ordinance

for Quality

Received Values Corresponds / Does not

Correspond 1. Density at 15°C, kg/m3

BSS EN ISO 3675-04

From 820 to 845 813.5 Corresponds

2. Distillation features: - up to temperature of 250°C distilled, % - up to temperature of 350°C distilled, % - 95% distilled at temperature, °C

BSS ISO 3405-98

Not more than 65

Not more than 85

Not higher than 360°

43.0

94.5

355.0

Corresponds

Corresponds

Corresponds

3. Cetane index BSS EN ISO 4264-01

Not lower than 46.0

49.9 Corresponds

4. Ignition temperature in a closed pot, °C

BSS EN ISO 2719-04

Over 55 61.0 Corresponds

5. Sulphur, mg/kg BSS ISO 8754-02

Not more than 350

38 Corresponds

6. Kinematic viscosity at 40°C, mm/s

BSS EN ISO 3104+AC-01

2.0 – 4.5 2.40 Corresponds

7. Limit temperature for filtering, °C

BSS EN 116+AC-03

Not higher than Minus 15°

Minus 22° Corresponds

Conclusion: During the test made for the specified indicators, the sample meets the requirements of Annex No. 2 of the Ordinance on Quality of Liquid Fuels. Note: The results from the sample testing are for internal information of the Assignor only and cannot be used for any other purposes without the agreement of the Assignee. Manager: signed (Tr. Hristov) Stamp of SID 1 Ltd.

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(Illegible) Saybolt A CORE LABORATORIES

FAST TO THE POINT. Attn. Mr. O. Pehlivanov Report No. 139/00/43300 Job Consecutive Number 5212 Report Date 09-01-07 Site Tank No. 19 Sampling place Tank Park 2/2, Lukoil Neftochim, Burgas Product Diesel engine fuels Date of testing 08-01-07 The sample is marked as Diesel engine fuels with sulfur content up to 50 ppm The sample was taken by Saybolt’s Inspector Marking Single (level mixture) sample from the tank before pouring into railway tanks. Date of sampling 08-01-07 Test completed 09-01-07 Seal No. Unsealed

I N T E R I M T E S T R E P O R T Page 1

Test results Indicator Measurement unit

Test method Specification Result Control

Density at 15°C kg/m3 BDS EN ISO 3675 820-845 833.3 SatisfyingCetane Index BDS EN ISO 4261 min 46.0 51.2 SatisfyingCetane Number* BDS EN ISO 5165 min 51.0 51.8 SatisfyingDistillation Characteristics BDS EN ISO 3405 Recovered at 250°C vol % max 65 42.0 Satisfying Recovered at 350°C vol % min 85 98.5 Satisfying 95% distilled at °C max 360 334.0 SatisfyingViscosity at 40°C mm2/s BDS EN ISO 3104 2.0 – 4.5 2.452 SatisfyingSulfur content** mg/kg BDS EN ISO 20846 max 50 45.2 SatisfyingFlash Point °C BDS EN ISO 2719 min 56 64.5 SatisfyingCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)

°C BDS EN 116 max minus 15 minus 26 Satisfying

Ash content mass % BDS EN ISO 6245 max 0.01 0.001 SatisfyingConradson Coke Residue (on 10% distillation residue)

mass % BDS ISO 6615 max 0.3 0.01 Satisfying

Copper Plate Corrosion (50°C, 3 hours)

bal BDS EN ISO 2160 max 1 1a Satisfying

Water Content mg/kg BDS EN ISO 12937 max 200 39 SatisfyingOxidation Stability g/m3 BDS EN ISO 12205 max 25 7 SatisfyingLubricity (wsd1.4) at 60°C mkm BDS EN ISO 12156-1 max 460 below 360 SatisfyingPolycyclene Aromatic Hydrocarbons**

mass % BDS EN ISO 12916 max 11 5.1 Satisfying

Total contamination mg/kg BDS EN ISO 12662 not more 24 4.3 Satisfying Colorless to yellowish easily inflammable liquid with specific smell. Remarks * The analysis results have been provided to the laboratory by a third party. No representative of Saybolt has been present during the performance of the analysis. Our representative’s signature certifies only that the document has been received and we do not undertake any responsibility for the results therein. ** Tests outside the scope of accreditation.

Signed illegible INSPECTOR (illegible)

218

Excerpt from Application for Complex Permission of LZC AD, 2006 Table 4.1.1. Water consumption Order number or code and name of process and installation

Water consumption in m3/tone of product

Underground waters

Surface waters Secondary water*

Installation for Lead and Alloy Production

Not used

for industrial needs and cooling

3 668 236 (282 m3/t) Project 9306000 m3

- for domestics needs 24 016 (2.5 m3/t) Project 82500 m3 Total for the installation 3 692 252 (286 m3/t) Project 9372000 m3 Installation for Zinc production

Not used

- for industrial needs and cooling

9 917 825 (286 m3/t) Project 9152000 m3

- for domestics needs 64 993 (2.4 m3/t) Project 78600 m3 Total for the installation 9 982 758 (577 m3/t) Project 12064000 m3 Total for the installations

13 675 010 Project 18524000 m3

* Secondary water means recycled water

219

Non-toxic dust – the years 2002-2006

DUST

Values

Months

220

Lead – the years 2002 -2006

LEAD Values

Months

221

Cadmium – the years 2002 – 2006

CADMIUM

Values

Months

222

223

Sulphur dioxide – the years 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006

SULPHUR DIOXIDE

Values

Months

REPORTS ON UNDERGROUND WATERS FROM THE MONITORING OF LZC AD

224

225

226

227

ТEXT APPENDICES No. 3

228

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-28/13.04.2007

Attn.: Mr. Chavdar Georgiev Deputy Minister of Environment and Water Sofia

Dear Mr. Georgiev, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

229

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI

Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-44/2007 15.05.

Attn.: Ministry of Health Directorate of Health Prevention and State Sanitary Control Sofia

Re: Assignment for the scope of the EIA Report for the investment proposal of LZC AD: Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop Dear Sir/Madam, In connection with the above subject a letter was sent (our Ref. No. HO-03-09-27/14.03.2007) asking for the opinion of the Regional Inspectorate of Protection and Control of Public Health (RIPCPH), Kardjali. In reply we received a letter (Ref. No. 1903/26.04.2007) from RIPCPH Kardjali, informing us that according to Art. 6 of Regulation No. 7 on the health protection of residential environment, our investment proposal should be considered and approved by the Ministry of Health. Please provide us with your written opinion. We are looking forward to receiving your reply and we would like to thank you in advance for your opinion on the Investment Proposal. Should you have no recommendations to the scope and contents of the EIA Report, please notify us in writing. Enclosure: 1. Photocopy of the statement of RIPCPH Kardjali. 2. Assignment for the scope of the EIA Report for the investment proposal of LZC AD: Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop 15.05.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

230

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-12/13.04.2007

Attn.: Eng. Hasan Azis Mayor of Kardjali Municipality

Dear Mr. Azis, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

231

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-19/13.04.2007

Attn.: Eng. Karnolski Director Basin Directorate Plovdiv

Dear Mr. Karnolski, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

232

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-18/13.04.2007

Attn.: Eng. Dimitar Iliev Director Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water (RIEW) Haskovo

Dear Mr. Iliev, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

233

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-27/14.03.2007

Attn.: Mrs. Jeni Staykova Director RIPCPH Kardjali

Dear Mrs. Staykova, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

234

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI

Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-48/2007 15.05.

Attn.: Eng. Djisov Director State Forestry Board Kardjali

Dear Mr. Djisov, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 15.05.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

235

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-05/13.04.2007

Attn.: Eng. Jelyazko Andonov Manager of Customer Power Center Kardjali

Dear Mr. Andonov, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

236

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-01/13.04.2007

Attn.: Eng. Milan Milanov Managing Director of ViK OOD Kardjali

Dear Mr. Milanov, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

237

LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI Stamp: Lead & Zinc Complex Kardjali Our Ref. No. HO-03-09-02/13.04.2007

Attn.: Mr. D. Ignatov Executive Director of Center of Non-Governmental Organizations Foundation

Dear Mr. Ignatov, In compliance with Art. 95 of the Environment Protection Act and Art. 9 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions of making environment impact assessment, the specialized institutions and organizations were identified, to which we present the proposed scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of the Investor, LZC AD –127 Bulgaria Blvd., 6600 Kardjali.

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC

ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP Please inform us about your opinion regarding our investment proposal and the contents of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report that is presented to you. Enclosure: Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report for the Investment Proposal of LZC AD:

MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW

ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP 13.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Signed illegible Executive Director Eng. O. Mihaylov Stamp of Lead & Zinc Complex AD, Kardjali

238

R E P U B L I C O F B U L G A R I A MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER

Ref. No. ОВОСУ – 10495 Stamp: Lead and Zinc Complex AD Sofia, 07.05.2007 Kardjali Our Ref. No. 627/09.05.2007 Attn.: Mr. O. Mihaylov Executive Director of LZC AD, Kardjali 127, Bulgaria Blvd. To Your Ref. No. HO-03-09-28/13.04.2007 Re: Assignment for determining the scope and contents of the Environment Impact

Assessment (EIA) with respect to the investment proposal for “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop”

Dear Mr. Mihaylov, We would like to express our opinion with respect to the Assignment for determining the scope and contents of the EIA for the above proposal, which was filed to the Ministry of Environment and Water: The assignment has been prepared in compliance with the legal regulations. The proposed structure of the EIA report meets the requirements of Art. 96 (1) of the Environment Protection Act. Please note that the results of all consultations should be included in the final version of the assignment and in the EIA report.

Deputy Minister: Signed illegible Chavdar Georgiev Stamp of the Ministry of Environment and Water, Republic of Bulgaria

239

REGIONAL INSPECTORATE – HASKOVO 14, Dobrudja Str., Floor 3, Haskovo

Tel.: 601614 Director: +359 38 664608 Fax: +359 38 60 16 11 Chief Accountant: 601616 E-mail: (illegible) Ref. No. 2424-06/11.05.2007

Attn.: The Executive Director of LZC – Kardjali Municipality of Kardjali Kardjali Region

S T A T E M E N T of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water (RIEW) regarding the assignment for

the scope of the EIA with respect to the investment proposal “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of

sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop” with Investor LZC –127 Bulgaria Blvd., Kardjali 6600

The assignment for the scope of the EIA for the investment proposal, as presented to us, contains all requisites for the assignment specified in Art. 10 of the Regulation on the terms and conditions for performance of environment impact assessments of investment proposals for construction activities and technologies. The assignment for EIA does not contain evidences of any consultations made with the Ministry of Health or any public interest shown in the investment proposal: A description is made of the characteristics of the investment proposal, like physical characteristics, characteristics of the production process, type and amount of expected waste and emissions. When preparing the final version of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report and the elaboration of the EIA Report the following remarks and additional components should be taken into account:

• Waters To present detailed information on the expected amount and quality of production and conditionally clear water after the realization of the investment proposal. To make a comparison with the actual amount of waste water flowing to the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) at the current production process. To justify and prove convincingly that the WWTP is able to purify the waste waters generated after the enlargement up to the required quality. To include also the waters from the drainage system of the existing dangerous waste depots, which will be build up under the Program for Elimination of Environmental Damages caused prior to the privatization of LZC AD, Kardjali. The justification should take into account also the rain water in the event of a pouring rain and it should be identified during what kinds of rain, how often and what amounts of unclean waters will overflow over the spillway of the emergency channel directly into the Stouden Kladenets Dam. If necessary, to propose appropriate measures (raising the overflow edge, retension basin, etc.) for collecting and thereafter treating of such rain and production water amounts.

240

• Air The EIA Report should contain an emission assessment under the Plume dispersion method – distribution of emissions of harmful substances in the air, for assessment of the impact on the ambient air quality of the expected values of sulphuric dioxide emissions in the waste gases after DKDA – the system to be used for the realization of the investment proposal. The diesel fuel (naphtha) to be used for furnace preheating should meet the quality requirements according to Appendix No. 3 to Art. 6, Item 6 of Decree No. 192/16.08.2005 amending and supplementing the Regulation on the requirements to the quality of (liquid) fuels and on the terms and conditions for the control thereof, approved by Council of Minister’s Decree No. 156/2003 (State Gazette, No. 66/2003). After the commissioning of the new sites the assessment for the noise emissions into the environment should be performed in compliance with the “Methods of determining the total noise volume emitted to the environment by the industrial enterprise and of determining the noise level and the impact place” (MEW, Ordinance No. РД – 199/19.03.2007).

• Waste The submitted assignment for the scope of the EIA contains only two kinds of the expected wastes, as described in two paragraphs (1.3.3 and 3.4), which are absolutely identical in terms of content. The construction waste is defined only under the non-dangerous waste code (17.01.07) and the construction waste with code 17.01.06 is not described when taking into account that the construction will be done on an industrial site that is quite polluted. The final version of the Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report and the development of the EIA Report should take into account the requirements of Regulation No. 3 to use the code of the dangerous waste in the event of mirror codes.

For the Director if RIEW Haskovo: Signed illegible Eng. L. Daynovski

241

MINISTRY OF HEALTH REGIONAL INSPECTORATE OF PROTECTION AND CONTROL OF PUBLIC

HEALTH KARDJALI

2, Gen. Vladimir Stoychev Str., Tel.: 0361/60295, Fax: 0361/62096; E-mail: riokoz@kardjali.com http://riokoz.kardjali.com

Ref. No. 1903 / 26.04.2007

ATTN.: THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF LEAD & ZINC COMPLEX AD KARDJALI 127, BULGARIA BLVD.

To your Ref. No. HO-03-09-27/14.03.07 In connection with the investment proposal submitted by you for MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYSIS WORKSHOP, we would like to inform you about the following: According to Art. 6 of Regulation No. 7 on health protection of residential places – State Gazette No. 46/92 – the sanitary protection areas for specific production and other activities are determined as follows: 1/ for construction, reconstruction, modernization or enlargement of thermal engineering, ...., metallurgical and other industrial enterprises relating to transfer of technologies based on dangerous chemicals and other harmful factors that represent a health risk – for each specific case, by the Ministry of Health with the approval of the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. On the grounds of the above Art. 6, your investment proposal should be approved by the Ministry of Health. DIRECTOR-RIPCPH: Signed illegible Dr. J. STAYKOVA Stamp of RIPCPH, Kardjali

242

MUNICIPALITY OF KARDJALI www.kardjali.bg

Bulgaria 6600 Kardjali, 41 Bulgaria Blvd. Tel.: +359 361 6 73 02; Information: +.59 361 6 73 17; Fax: +359 361 6 29 08; E-mail:

municipalitykj@mail.bg Ref. No. 53-00-640 / 16.05.2007

Attn.: Mr. Mihaylov Executive Director of Lead & Zinc Complex AD 127, Bulgaria Blvd., Kardjali Cc: The Minister of Environment and Water 67, Gladstone Str., Sofia

To Your Ref. No. HO-03-09-12/13.04.2007 Dear Mr. Mihaylov, In connection with your letter regarding the scope of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the investment proposal “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop”, I would like to inform you about the opinion of the Municipality of Kardjali: I. Generally, the Municipality supports the modernization of the zinc plant but as regards the increase of the annual zinc production capacity from 32,000 t to 45,000 t we could express our opinion only after considering the EIA Report for the investment proposal. II. As regards the presented assignment for the scope of the EIA Report (EIAR) for your investment proposal, we insist the following details and analyses to be added to the contents of the EIAR:

1. To give the approximate value of the sites and units that will be designed and installed with company’s own funds.

2. To make a compliance assessment of the proposed technology for cathode zinc melting and the line for block zinc pouring with the Best Available Techniques.

3. In the expected content of the zinc concentrates, Table I.2-1, there is no cadmium stated but the technological process has a stage of copper and cadmium cleaning. This issue should be addressed by the EIAR.

4. The EIAR should give a recommendation for selection of a specific method of processing the washing acid which is output by the wet cleaning system for the roasting gas flow.

5. While determining the type and amount of expected waste, waste gas emissions and waste water as a result of the zinc plant operation, to make a comparative assessment of the amounts of all types of emissions and waste generated by: a. The current operating installation with the capacity of 32,000 t

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b. The proposed installation with the capacity of 32,000 t c. The proposed installation with the capacity of 45,000 t

6. To make an emission assessment by using the Plume dispersion model for spreading harmful emissions in the ambient air at: a. The current operating installation with the capacity of 32,000 t b. The proposed installation with the capacity of 32,000 t c. The proposed installation with the capacity of 45,000 t

7. To make an assessment of the health condition of the affected population for each residential place – the villages of Vishegrad, Ostrovitsa, Propast and Kardjali – for a 5-year period (2002-2006) as compared to the data for the entire country, due to non-consideration of the sanitary protection area

8. In the description of the environment and the impact forecast for the ambient air to make a more precise analysis of the ambient air quality for 5 years, including 2006. a. To analyze the number of days with content of Cd and Pb over the standard

rates and as a percentage of the total number of samples made during the year.

b. To analyze the number of days with content of SO2 over the maximum single concentration and as a percentage of the total number of samples made during the year.

c. To make a forecast for the impact of the new internal road transport to be used for transportation of the zinc concentrate from the new warehouse to the existing warehouse.

9. In the description of the environment and the forecast for the impact on the underground waters to add the results of the monitoring of underground waters performed in compliance with Provision 13.8.2.1 of the Complex Permission No. 124/2006 of LZC AD, Kardjali.

10. In the description of the environment and the forecast for the impact on the surface waters to take into account that the monitoring point of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water, Haskovo, is located at the tail of the Stouden Kladenets Dam, which is more than one kilometer before the point of the waste water outlet of LZC AD. a. To analyze water samples taken at the tail of the Stouden Kladenets Dam

but after the point of the waste water outlet of LZC AD. b. To make a comparison among the waste water amounts generated by:

i. The current operating installation with the capacity of 32,000 t ii. The proposed installation with the capacity of 32,000 t iii. The proposed installation with the capacity of 45,000 t

11. In the description of the environment and the forecast for the impact regarding the waste to make a comparison among the types and annual amounts of dangerous waste generated by: a. The current operating installation with the capacity of 32,000 t b. The proposed installation with the capacity of 32,000 t c. The proposed installation with the capacity of 45,000 t

12. In the description of the environment and the forecast for the impact on the soils: a. To use up-to-date data from the development of Geo Euro Eco Consult,

June 2004, whose assignor is Lead and Zink Complex AD. b. To add the results from the in-house monitoring of Lead and Zinc Complex

AD from the 5 permanent monitoring points, operating in accordance with Provision 13.9.2. of the Complex Permission 124/2006.

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c. To analyze the soil pollution in direct proximity to the eastern fence of the enterprise.

13. In the description of the dangerous substances and the risk of accidents to make a comparison for the amounts of all dangerous substances used as reagents, auxiliary materials, etc., including the annual amount of fuels for the internal transportation of concentrates at: a. The current operating installation with the capacity of 32,000 t b. The proposed installation with the capacity of 32,000 t c. The proposed installation with the capacity of 45,000 t

Mayor of the Municipality of Kardjali: Signed illegible Eng. Hasan Azis Stamp of the Municipality of Kardjali

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VODOSNABDYAVANE I KANALIZATSIA OOD KARDJALI

88, Bulgaria Blvd. Ref. No. 1055/23.04.2007 Tel. exchange 0361 65201 0361 64622 0361 64655

Attn. The Executive Director of LZC AD Kardjali

In reply to your letter with our Ref. No. 1055/17.04.2007 regarding the investment proposal for “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop” and the contents of the “Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report” Dear Mr. Mihaylov, Vodosnabdyavane I Kanalizatsia OOD, Kardjali, approved the investment proposal for “Modernization and Enlargement of the Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and new electrolysis workshop” and the contents of the “Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report”. Please provide us with the EIA Report when it is finished. 22.04.2007 Yours sincerely, Kardjali Signed illegible Managing Director of ViK OOD Eng. M. Milanov Stamp of ViK OOD, Kardjali

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EVN Bulgaria

TO LEAD AND ZINC COMPLEX KARDJALI KARDJALI Responsible person: Eng. J. Andonov – Manager CPC Kardjali Tel/ext.: 0361/60709; 0361/62515 Date: 18.04.2007 RE: Your letter with Ref. No. П0-03-09-05/13.04.2007 regarding the Assignment for the Scope of the Environment Impact Assessment Report with respect to the MODERNIZATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE ZINC PLANT VIA A NEW ROASTING WORKSHOP, NEW SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID AND NEW ELECTROLYTIC WORKSHOP Dear Mr. Mihaylov, LZC KARDJALI is not a subscriber of EVN Bulgaria Elektrorazpredelenie AD, Customer Power Center (CPC) Kardjali. If you wish to become a subscriber you need to file to the Central Office an Application for exploring the joining conditions in accordance with Regulation No. 6/09.06.2004. If the modernization and enlargement are outside the complex borders and if any facilities of EVN ER AD are going to be affected, then the relocation thereof shall be performed by you and on your account as prescribed by Art. 73 of the Territorial Development Act and Art. 10 of Regulation No. 6/09.06.2004. Yours sincerely, EVN ER AD, CPC Kardjali Signed illegible Stamp of CPC Kardjali, Eng. J. Andonov – Manager CPC Kardjali EVN Bulgaria Manager of Group 1: Signed illegible Eng. N. Bachvarov

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Center of Nongovernmental Organizations Foundation, Kardjali

5, Sredetc Str. Tel./fax: ++35936:/62669

E-mail: ngokardjali@yahoo.com

Stamp: NGO Center Foundation Kardjali Ref. No. 41/14.05.2007

Attn.: Eng. Mihaylov Executive Director of LZC AD, Kardjali 127, Bulgaria Blvd.

RE: Your letter with Ref. No. 40-03-09-02/13.04.2007 DEAR MR. MIHAYLOV, Thank you for the scope and contents of the EIA report for the investment proposal of

the Investor, LZC AD Kardjali, presented by you: “Modernization and Enlargement of the

Zinc Plant via a new Roasting Workshop, new system for production of sulphuric acid and

new electrolytic workshop”.

In your letter you asked us to inform you about our opinion on the investment proposal

and the contents of the presented Assignment for the Scope of the EIA Report. Unfortunately,

we do not have the experts who would be able to give a competent opinion on this matter.

We are looking forward to cooperating in areas of mutual interest and to keeping good

business contacts and partnership.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Signed illegible D. Ignatov Stamp of NGO Center Foundation

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TEXT APPENDICES No. 4

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 240 dated 06 November 2006

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

IVAN NAYDENOV GRUEV

Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

Quality of air, surface waters, waste and as team manager

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 239 dated 06 November 2006

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

PENCHO DOCHEV LESIDRENSKI Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

Quality of air, surface waters, waste and as team manager

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 9 dated 29 December 2005

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

ELENA IVANOVA ZHELEVA

Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

Soils, flora manager of a team

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 76 dated 27 March 2006

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

BOGDAN ANGELOV BOGDANOV Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

Flora and fauna and as manager of a team

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 859 dated 21 January 2003 for entry into the public register of natural persons possessing the professional competencies

to perform environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Order № RD-305/2001, I hereby certify that

PLAMEN IVANOV CHOKOEV PIN 5010186925, has the professional competencies to perform environmental impact assessment in the following areas:

waters geological environment

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed illegible, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 670 dated 12 July 2002 for entry into the public register of natural persons possessing the professional competencies

to perform environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 21, para 3 of the Environment Protection Act and Order № RD-305/2001, I hereby certify that

ALEXANDER STEFANOV SPASOV PIN 4811176765, has the professional competencies to perform environmental impact assessment in the following areas:

health and hygienic environmental aspects Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed illegible, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters 15.07.02

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 153 dated 29 August 2006

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

ZLATOZAR BORISOV RAPONSKI Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

Dangerous waste and manager of a team Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 645 dated 25 June 2002 for entry into the public register of natural persons possessing the professional competencies

to perform environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 21, para 3 of the Environment Protection Act and Order № RD-305/2001, I hereby certify that

ASENKA LEVCHEVA CHALYOVA PIN 4308286970, has professional competencies to perform environmental impact assessment in the following areas:

noise, vibrations and as team manager

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed illegible, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters

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REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATERS

Certificate

№ 476 dated 28 February 2007

for entry into the public register of experts performing environmental assessment (EA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Pursuant to Art. 83, para 4 of the Environment Protection Act and Regulation № 1/2003, I

hereby certify that

STELA DELCHEVA TODOROVA Has been entered into the public register of EA and EIA experts with the following registered elements of the assessment:

soils, geological environment, underground resources, cultural and historic heritage and as team manager

Validity of the certificate: 5 (five) years from the date of issue.

MINISTER: signed, seal of the Ministry of Environment and Waters /Djevdet Chakarov/

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