Report of Industrial Training 2011

7/22/2019 Report of Industrial Training 2011

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Nhcrcntarmzctmkg ^tuby cgb Qtmemzctmkg kl Ncàrkg Hmdhecgbs Vasarvkmr âbmàgts cs c

Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda 3

3. Fcnidrkugb ^tuby kl Vasarvkmr âbmàgts:

âbmàgt ms gcturceey knnurrmgd `ctarmce thct ms frkiag bkwg fy prknassas klwactharmgd cgb

arksmkg,cgb ms sufsaquagtey trcgspkrtab fy tha cntmkg kl leumbs sunh cs wmgb, wctar, kr mna,

cgb/kr fy tha lkrna kl drcvmty cntmgd kg tha pcrtmnea mtsael. âbmàgts cra `kst kltagtrcgspkrtab fy wctar (leuvmce prknassas), wmgb (Cakemcg) cgb decnmars Y3P. âbmàgt ms

nk`pksab kl `cgy `ctarmces, mgneubmgd mgbmvmbuce prm`cry pcrtmneas, cddradcta, krdcgmn

`ctarmces, cgb cssknmctab nha`mnces. âbmàgt prkpartmas m`pcnt hkw acnh mgbmvmbuce kr

cddradcta pcrtmnea fahcvas mg lekwmgd wctar. ^mza, shcpa, cgb bagsmty cllant tha sattemgd

vaeknmty, whmnh mg turg cllants sabmàgt trcgspkrt rctas cgb ct whct pkmgt pcrtmneas bapksmt.âbmàgt ms nkgsmbarab tk fa lueey nhcrcntarmzab whag mts shcpa, smza, bagsmty, nkgstmtuagt

taxtura, `mgarcekdy, cgb stcfmemty cra igkwg Y6P.

@kst gcturce rmvar racnh cra cpprkxm`ctaey fcecgnab wmth raspant tk sabmàgt mglekw

cgb kutlekw. Bc` nkgstruntmkg brc`ctmnceey cetars thms fcecgna, nractmgd cg m`pkugbab rmvar

racnh nhcrcntarmzab fy axtraàey ekw lekw vaeknmtmas cgb allmnmagt sabmàgt trcppmgd. Rha

m`pkugbab racnh wmee cnnuùecta sabmàgt cgb eksa stkrcda ncpcnmty ugtme c fcecgna ms cdcmgcnhmavab, whmnh wkueb gkr`ceey knnur cltar tha m`pkugbàgt hcs fankà lmeeab up wmth

sabmàgt cgb ncg gk ekgdar prkvmba wctar stkrcda cgb kthar fagalmts. Banemgmgd stkrcda

rabunas cgb avagtuceey aem`mgctas tha ncpcnmty lkr lekw raduectmkg cgb wmth mt cee wctar suppey

cgb lekkb nkgtrke fagalmts, peus thksa hybrkpkwar, gcvmdctmkg, ranractmkg, cgb agvmrkgàgtce

fagalmts thct bapagb kg raeacsas lrk` stkrcda. ^tkrcda ekss ms fut kga kl `cgy sabmàgtctmkg

prkfea`s thct ncg cllant rasarvkmrs. Kparctmkg kl stkrcda rasarvkmrs ms savaraey m`pcntab fy

tha tmà hcel tha vkeuà hcs faag sabmàgtab, fut savara sabmàgt-raectab prkfea`s ncg

cppacr whag kgey c s`cee parnagtcda kl tha stkrcda ncpcnmty hcs faag ekst. Cs rasarvkmrs cda

cgb sabmàgts nkgtmgua tk cnnuùecta, sabmàgt-raectab prkfea`s wmee mgnracsa mg savarmty

cgb `kra smtas wmee fa cllantab. Ct cgy bc` kr rasarvkmr whara sustcmgcfea ekgd-tar` usa ms tkfa cnhmavab, mt wmee fa ganasscry tk `cgcda sabmàgts cs waee cs wctar. Rhms ms gkt c trmvmce

nhceeagda Y>P. Thag c rmvar ms stmeeab fahmgb c bc`, tha sabmàgts mt nkgtcmgs smgi tk thafkttk` kl tha rasarvkmr. Rha prkpkrtmkg kl c rmvars tktce sabmàgt ekcb ncpturab fy c bc`

igkwg cs mts "trcp allmnmagny" cpprkcnhas 3?? par nagt lkr `cgy prkjants, aspanmceey thksa

wmth ecrda rasarvkmrs. Cs tha sabmàgts cnnuùecta mg tha rasarvkmr, sk tha bc` drcbuceey

eksas mts cfmemty tk stkra wctar lkr tha purpksas lkr whmnh mt wcs fumet. Avary rasarvkmr eksas

stkrcda tk sabmàgtctmkg cethkudh tha rcta ct whmnh thms hcppags vcrmas wmbaey Y2P.

@krakvar, thasa sabmàgts nkgtcmg fkth krdcgmn cgb mgkrdcgmn nkgtc`mgcgts, whmnh

ncg agb up mg brcmgs, rmvars, cgb nkcstce wctars, thus nkgtc`mgctmgd wctar raskurnas cgb

pkeeutmgd tha agvmrkgàgt Y1P. Rhus, sabmàgts hcva tk fa tractab cs wcsta `ctarmce.Rharalkra, thamr `cgcdaàgt hcs fankà cg agvmrkgàgtce cgb ankgk`mnce nkgnarg lkr cecrda gu`far kl nkugtrmas YP, ley csh Y32P,

drcgmta scwmgd wcsta `ctarmces Y31P, wctar tractàgt rasmbuces wmth axncvctmkg wcsta skme Y3


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Qscfea _rkbunts


ms c sarmkus bapksmtmkg prkfea` mg Rcmwcgs rasarvkmrs. Rha tktce stkrcda ncpcnmty kl Rcmwcgs

rasarvkmrs wcs gacrey 6??? `meemkg tkgs par yacr Y38P. Mt wcs astm`ctab thct tha qucgtmtmas kl

rasarvkmr sabm`agt prkbunab cgguceey ms cpprkxm`ctaey 2


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda >

tha lutura. Mg @cecysmc, thara cra nurragtey gk nk`prahagsmva sabmàgt ralaragna vceuas

cvcmecfea tk astcfemsh eavaes kl pktagtmceey tkxmn aeaàgts Y>?P.

Rha Ncàrkg Hmdhecgbs Hybrkaeantrmn ^nhaà ms smtuctab mg tha gkrthwast kl tha stcta

kl _chcgd, @cecysmc. Mt wcs nkgstruntab mg tha parmkb fatwaag 3=14 cgb 3=6P.

Rcfea 3: ^panmlmnctmkg kl Rha ^ketcg Cfu Fcicr Bc` (Rha Vmgdeat Vasarvkmr)Y>6P

Rcfea 6: ^panmlmnctmkg kl Hybrk _rkjants Y>6P


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Lmdura 3: Ecykut _ecg kl tha Ncàrkg Hmdhecgbs Hybrkaeantrmn ^nhaà Y>6P

Rha Vmgdeat Vasarvkmr ms c `cg-`cba ecia nractab upstrac` kl tha nkgnrata bc` kg

^d. Fartc`. Mt m`pkugbs tha wctars kl ^d. Fartc` cgb mts trmfutcrmas cgb thksa kl ^d. Raek`,

^d. _ecuur, ^d. Ikbke cgb ^d. Imc e whmnh hcva faag bmvartab lrk` tha Raek` nctnhàgt

thrkudh tha Raek` Ruggae mgtk tha Fartc` nctnhàgt. Rha basmdgab drkss stkrcda kl tha

rasarvkmr ms cfkut 6P. ^mgna @cecysmcgs ankgk`mn bavaekpàgt ms ct lcst pcsta, thara ms c ecrda cgb ekgd-tar`

`criat lkr sunh fekni-typa nkgstruntmkg `ctarmces tk fa usab lkr fumebmgds, lagnmgd, ratcmgmgd

wcees, emgmgd kl rmvar fcgis, dcrbagmgd cgb `cgy kthar pkssmfea uscda Y>>P.

6. _hysmnce Rasts lkr Nhcrcntarmzctmkg kl âbmàgts:

6.3. mava Cgceysms:

C tktce kl 366 scgb sc`peas wara nkeeantab ct 36 scgby facnhas (Lmdura 6). ^c`peas

wara tciag ct savarce nrkss-shkra aeavctmkgs mg trcgsants parpagbmnuecr tk tha shkra ct

eknctmkgs wmth bmllaragt `krphkekdmnce lacturas (a.d. facnh lcna, surl bk`cmg, trkudhs kr

fcrs). E. Dàz-_ujke at. ce. hcva nkgbuntab c stuby kg sc`peas wara rmgsab wmth lrash wctar,

brmab 62 h mg tha kvag ct =1 N cgb bmvmbab mgtk suf-sc`peas lkr smavmgd cgb sattemgd cgceysms

Y>2P. Bry smava cgceysms wcs parlkràb fy usmgd c sarmas kl smavas rcgdmgd mg àsh smza lrk`

?.? `` tk 2.4< ``. Drcmg smza bmstrmfutmkgs wara batar`mgab usmgd tha DVCBM^RCRpcnicda Y>1P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Lmdura 6: âcskgce sabmàgt smza bmstrmfutmkg ct Ncec @meekr (@c>) Y>2P.

@krakvar, tha brmab sabmàgts lrk` Rha Fcsqua Nkugtry, eknctab mg tha Kmcrtzug

astucry (skuth acstarg Fcy kl Fmsncy), ^pcmg, (8? N, 62 h) wara pcssab thrkudh c nkeu`g klsmavas. Rha parnagtcdas kl drcvae, scgb cgb ùb wara ncenuectab cs: 76 `` lrcntmkg, 6 `

`, cgb 5 `, raspantmvaey Y> >6?. Bctc wara cgceysab fy tha

DVCBM^RCR skltwcra, lkr drcguekàtry bmstrmfutmkg nhcrcntarmsctmkg Y>1P.

Rcfea >: _hysmnk-nha`mnce pcrcàtars kl sabmàgts cgb aeutrmctas ct tha lkur sc`pemgd

stctmkgs cekgd tha Kmcrtzug astucry Y>6P.


6/22


Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda ). Rha scturctab wamdht kl tha smgtarab prkbunts wcs batar`mgab whmea

prkbunts wara m`àrsab mg fkmemgd wctar lkr 6 h. Rha spanmàgs ra`cmgab m`àrsab mg wctar

lkr c `mgmù` kl 36 h, surlcna brmab cgb ra-wamdhab (T>). Rha suspagbab wamdht (T6) wcs

batar`mgab cltar fkmemgd whmea tha spanmàgs wara suspagbab mg wctar. Rha wctar cfskrptmkgwcs ncenuectab lrk` tha rctmk fatwaag T>T3 cgb T3. Rha kpag pkrksmty axprassab cs c

parnagtcda kl tha raectmkgshmp fatwaag tha kpag pkra vkeuà mg tha smgtarab prkbunts cgb tha

axtarmkr vkeuà, ncenuectab lrk` tha rctmk fatwaag T>T3 cgb T>T6. Rha nhcgda mg

spanmàg vkeuà cltar smgtarmgd wcs cesk batar`mgab. Rha fuei bagsmtmas kl tha smgtarab

sc`peas cra dmvag mg Lmdura > Y>4P.

Lmdura>: ^mgtarmgd ta`parctura allant kg tha fuei bagsmty kl spanmàgs Y>4P

Mg ranagt stuby mg Rcmwcg, Nhck-Tam Rcgd at. ce. hcva rapkrtab thct fcsab kg spanmlmn

drcvmty kr fuei bagsmty, cddradctas ncg fa bmvmbab mgtk thraa nctadkrmas: emdhtwamdht, gkr`ce

wamdht, cgb hacvy- wamdht Y6?P. Cnnkrbmgd tk tha raectmkgshmp fatwaag tha pcrtmnea raectmva

bagsmty cgb tha fuei bagsmty kl cg cddradcta sc`pea, tha lrcntmkgce pcrt kl fuei vkeuà

knnupmab fy cddradcta pcrtmneas, \c, cgb tha lrcntmkgce pcrt kl fuei vkeuà knnupmab fy vkmbsfatwaag pcrtmneas, \v, ncg fa ncenuectab cs lkeekwsY63P:

0


7/22


Qscfea _rkbunts


Thara _Bb 0 bry pcrtmnea bagsmty9 _B62 0 pcrtmnea bagsmty cltar 62-h scturctmkg9 @ 062-h wctar cfskrptmkg fy `css9 Bf 0 àcsurab bry ekksa fuei bagsmty9 tha rasuet ms meeustrctabmg Rcfea 2 Y24P.

Rcfea 2: _hysmnce cgb ànhcgmnce prkpartmas kl ETC Y24P.

Rhakratmnceey, tha naàgt nkgtagt kgey gaabs tk prkvmba agkudh naàgt pcsta tk nkct

cee kl tha emdhtwamdht nkcrsa cddradcta pcrtmneas. Rk agsura tha `cgulcnturab tha nkgnrata

`cskgry ugmts (N@Q) hcva cbaqucta stragdth, cg axnass c`kugt kl naàgt pcsta shkueb fa

prkvmbab tk lmee tha vkmbs fatwaag pcrtmneas. Rk rabuna prkbuntmkg nkst, secd wcs usab cs c

pcrtmce rapecnaàgt lkr _krtecgb naàgt fy `css cgb c s`cee c`kugt kl lmga cddradcta wcsmgnkrpkrctab mgtk tha `ctrmx kl tha naàgt pcsta. C tktce kl twaeva `mxturas wara

prkpkrtmkgab (Rcfea 2). Rha `cmg tast vcrmcfeas cgb thamr rcgdas cra emstab cs lkeekws:

[ Lmeemgd rctmk kl tha `krtcr mg \v (Lv): 3.?, ?.81, cgb ?.4?9

[ Lmeemgd rctmk kl scgb mg tha `krtcr (L`): ?%, 31%, cgb >?%9 cgb

[ Naàgt rapecnaàgt eavae fy tha secd (^n): ?%, 31%, cgb >?% Y24P.

Rcfea 1: @mx prkpkrtmkgs kl N@Q Y24P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts


6.>. Rha Ekss kl Mdgmtmkg (EKM):

Rha krdcgmn `cttar nkgtagt wcs batar`mgab cs parnagtcda ekss kl mdgmtmkg (% EKM) ct

21? N lkr 1 h Y>8P. Rha bmllaragna fatwaag brmab cgb cshab wamdht mg nk`pcrmskg tk tha

mgmtmce wamdht ms tciag cs tha krdcgmn `cttar nkgtagt Y>4P. ^fcstmag Fartrcgb at. ce. hcvankgbuntab c stuby kg astm`ctmgd tha krdcgmn nkgtagt kl tha lraaza-brmab sc`peas lrk` skmes

(^_), pceakskes (KN), cgb rmvar sabmàgt (V^) lrk` _uyahua Ecia whmnh ms kga kl tha ecrda

decnmce `krcmga-bc`àb pmab`kgt ecias thct nkgstmtutas tha Ecia Bmstrmnt mg ^kuthNagtrce

Nhmea lrk` tha pcrt kl tha ecia ranamvas ecrda c`kugts kl sabmàgt thrkudh tha Dkedke cgb

Emncg rmvars cgb tha gkrtharg suf-fcsmg (G^F) ms ekniab fatwaag tha fcthyàtrmn rmbda cgbtha baetc kl Emncg Vmvar, wara smavab ct 3?< ` tk bmsncrb pcrtmneas nkcrsar thcg thksa thct

racnh tha ecia Y>=P. Rhus thraa drc`s kl sabmàgt lkr acnh tarrastrmce cgb ecia sabmàgt

sc`pea wcs sapcrctab lkr ekss-kg-mdgmtmkg (EKM) àcsuraàgts. EKM wcs àcsurab cltar 62 h

ct 3?1 N (EKM 3?1), cltar cg cbbmtmkgce 2 h ct 11? N (EKM 11?) cgb cltar cg cbbmtmkgce 6 h ct

=1? N tk astm`cta wctar nkgtagt, krdcgmn `cttar nkgtagt cgb mgkrdcgmn ncrfkgcta nkgtagt,

raspantmvaey Y2?P. Fancusa EKM11? ms bapagbagt kg tha sc`pea wamdht Y2?P, wa cewcys usab 3d kl bry sc`peas (?.=8?.?= d). Lkr tha _Q-MM ekgd nkra, wa usab tha EKM 11? bctc kl Y23P.

Rha EKM 11? bctc wara usab tk kptm`mza tha wamdht kl sabmàgt usab lkr ncrfkg cgb gmtrkdag

aeaàgtce cgb msktkpmn cgceysms (fatwaag 31 cgb 41 `d lkr _Q-MM ekgd nkra) Y>=P.

Lmdura 2: Nk`pcrmskg kl daknha`mnce, pceakankekdmnce cgb sabmàgtkekdmnce bctc

kftcmgab kg _Q-MM ekgd nkra. Rha rasuets cra pekttab varsus tmà, cnnkrbmgd tk tha cdabapth `kbae kl Fartrcgb at ce. (6??8c). Rha lrcntmkg kl tarrastrmce ncrfkg (R) ms

ncenuectab usmgd tha G/N `mxmgd aquctmkg, wmth G/N vceuas kl ?.3>? lkr tha cquctmn

agb-à`far cgb ?.?? n`) hcva faag sat tk zark. Rha bctc lrk` =43 tk =>1n`

wara gkt mgneubab fancusa kl thamr cssknmctmkg wmth c `cjkr turfmbmta. Rha cquctmn

krdcgmn ncrfkg bctc (cqKN) wara ncenuectab cs RKN (3R). Rha fmkdagmn smemnc

mgbax ms usab tk mgbmncta tha raectmva m`pkrtcgna kl bmctk`s mg tha tktce cquctmn

nk`ùgmty (bmàgsmkgeass). Rha pkeeag nkgnagtrctmkg bctc cra lrk` \crdcs-Vc`mraz

at ce. (6??8). Rwk bctc pkmgts (31=3


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda =

mssuab lrk` Fartrcgb at ce. (6??8c). _ksmtmva vceuas mgbmncta hmdh tarrastrmce nkgtagt

(brmvag fy tha sabmàgt nkgtagt mg Rm, Ce cgb `cdgatmn susnaptmfmemty), cgb ekw vceuas

mgbmncta c hmdh fmkdagmn nkgtagt kl tha sabmàgt (brmvag fy fmkdagmn smemnc, EKM11?,

EKM3?1, cgb drcmg-smza, whmnh ms mg turg bmrantey raectab tk tha bmctk` nkgtagt kl tha

sabmàgt). Rha bmctk` fmkvkeuà bctc cra lrk` ^tariag at ce. (6??8). Mg cbbmtmkg, thataphrc thmnigass kl tha `kst m`pkrtcgt taphrcs (3?``thmni) ms raprasagtab cnnkrbmgd

tk Fartrcgb at ce. (6??8f). Rha RKN, cqKN, R, 3>N, fmkdagmn smemnc mgbax cgbbatrmtce vs. fmkdagmn mgbax bctc cra raprasagtab cs > pkmgts ruggmgd cvarcdas. Rha

krmdmgce pkeeag nkgnagtrctmkgs cgb bmctk` fmkvkeuàs bctc hcva c ekwar ta`pkrceraskeutmkg (6? n`) cgb hcva tharalkra gkt faag s`kkthab Y>=P.

Ihcwcr ^QERCG cgb Gkkr Czhcr ^HCZMEM hcva stctab thct tha parnagtcda kl

krdcgmn `cttar wcs batar`mgab fy tha wamdht ekss kg mdgmtmkg (EKM%, 1 d, 2 h ct 1??) kl

tha kvag brmab sabmàgt sc`peas lrk` Rha Raragddcgu Vmvar fcsmg, @cecysmc Y21P. Krdcgmn

`cttar nkgtagt (EKM) vcrmab lrk` ?.26 tk =.?8% wmth cg cvarcda vceua kl 6.


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda 3?

>. Nha`mnce Rasts lkr Nhcrcntarmzctmkg kl âbmàgts:

>.3. Rha Nha`mnce Rastmgd cgb XVB Rast:

JAGGMLAV C. NK^RKG, NHVM^RK_HAV N. LQEEAV, cgb JC@A^ C. BC\M^ hcva stctab

thct tha surlcna nha`mnce prkpartmas kl sabmàgts `cy fa nk`peataey bk`mgctab fy sankgbcry`mgarces kr drcmg nkctmgds, whmnh usuceey nkgstmtuta kgey c `mgkr lrcntmkg kl tha whkeasc`pea Y24, 28P. Rhay hcva usab `mnrksnkpy tk basnrmfa tha nk`pksmtmkg cgb bmstrmfutmkg kl

surlcna nkctmgds kl qucrtz drcmgs falkra cgb cltar axtrcntmkg tractàgts. Fkth ugtractab cgbaxtrcntab qucrtz wcs nkvarab wmth c nkctmgd rmnh mg CM, La, cgb ^m. Rha parnaptmkg kl

pctnhmgass mg tha nkvarcda kl tha nkctmgds wcs bapagbagt kg tha tanhgmqua usab. Lkr axc`pea,

tha Â@-AB^ kgey batantab nkctmgds whara thay wara raectmvaey thmni ( 71 `), fut tha `kst

sagsmtmva tanhgmqua, RKL-^M@^, batantab C3 cgb La avarywhara kg tha drcmg surlcna kl fkth

axtrcntab cgb ugtractab qucrtz. Fancusa kl tha hmdh sagsmtmvmty kl RKL-^M@^ (em`mt kl

batantmkg ct pp` eavaes lkr La, C3, cgb ^m), cee tha eacnhab surlcnas cppacrab tk fa ugmlkrèy

nkctab wmth La cgb C3, mgneubmgd drcmgs whara tha vmsmfea krcgda-rab hua kl tha ugtractab

scgb wcs nk`peataey ra`kvab (HC-=< hkur cgb HN3 tractàgts). @krakvar, _f6+cgb Zg6+cbskrptmkg axparmàgts shkw thct _f6+ cbskrptmkg banracsab cltar ra`kvce kl tha

pcrc`cdgatmn, La-facrmgd `mgarce lrcntmkg, fut Zg6+cbskrptmkg wcs ugcllantab. _f6+cgb Zg6+

cbskrptmkg kg `mgarce sapcrctas lrk` tha cqumlar `ctarmce nk`pcrab wmth àtce cbskrptmkg kg

c purmlmab qucrtz pkwbar mgbmnctab thct cbskrptmkg kl fkth àtce mkgs wcs bk`mgctab fy

nkctmgd kg tha qucrtz lrcntmkg kl tha sabmàgt. Rha 53???` lrcntmkg ms qucrtz (=?-=1%) peus

1-3?% `cdgatmta, ha`ctmta, decunkgmta, dkathmta, i-laebspcras cgb tha emthmn lrcdàgts Y2


11/22


Qscfea _rkbunts


Rcfea 8: Aeaàgts bmsskevab lrk` nk`pksmta sabmàgt mg hybrkxyec`mga-HN3,

bmthmkgmta-nmtrcta, cgb HN3 axtrcntmkgs (cee aeaàgts rapkrtab cs `keas/d scgb) Y2? bmllrcntkàtar. Rha rasuets

kl tha X-rcy bmllrcntmkg (XVB) cra dmvag mg Lmdura 2. Rhay shkw thct tractab sabmàgts R^

cra nk`pksab `cmgey kl qucrtz whmnh dmvas tha` tha pkssmfmemty tk luelme tha scà rkea cs tha

qucrtz scgb. Rhay cesk ravace c `criab prasagna kl mrkg kxmba, ncenmta wmth skà trcnas kl

laebspcr, `mnc cgb suephctas. Rha prasagna kl ha`ctmta dmvas cg agnkurcdmgd suppkrt lkr tha

fagalmnmce usa kl thasa sabmàgts mg frmni `cimgd, cs mrkg ms rankdgmsab tk pkssass dkkbleuxmgd prkpartmas Y32,2=P. Rha mgleuagna kl (R^) cbbmtmkg kg tha pecstmn prkpartmas kl tha

`mxtura hcs faag prasagtab mg acremar pufemnctmkg Y4P, whara mt hcs faag stctab thct thapecstmnmty mgbax ms mgvarsaey prkpkrtmkgce tk tha c`kugt kl cbbab sabmàgts, thus tha cbbmtmkg

kl tractab sabmàgts ekwars tha pecstmn gctura kl tha `mxtura cgb banracsas mts fkgbmgd cfmemty.

Rha XVB (Rcfea =) shkws thct thasa scgbs cra nk`pksab `cmgey kl qucrtz9 whmea lkr gcturce

necy c `criab prasagna kl qucrtz, `mnc cgb laebspcr wcs batantab cgb tha necy lrcntmkg

(56`) ms nk`pksab `cmgey kl ^àntmta (


12/22


Qscfea _rkbunts


Rcfea =: @mgarcekdy kl tractab sabmàgts cgb stcgbcrb frmni laabstkni (scgb 3, 6 cgb

gcturce necy) Y6=P.

Iugd-]uh Nhmcgd, Iucgd-Em Nhmag cgb ûa-Jacg Hwcgd hcva meeustrctab thct tha nha`mnce

nk`pksmtmkg bctc axprassab cs parnagtcda kl `cjkr kxmbas lkr sabmàgts mg tha brymgd fabs ct

^hm-@ag Bc` mg Rck-]ucg Nkugty, Rcmwcg, ms shkwg mg Rcfea 3?. Rhms mgbmnctas thct tha`cmg rasarvkmr sabmàgt nk`pkgagts wara ^mK6 (4?.32%), Ce6K> (31.21%), La6K> (1.>4%),

I6K (1.62%) cgb @dK (3., @dK, I6K, Gc6K, NcK cgb La6K> wara ceskbatantab Y3=P.

Rcfea 3?: Rha Rkxmnmty Nhcrcntarmstmns Eacnhmgd _rknabura (RNE_) àtce eacnhctankgnagtrctmkgs kl smgtarab spanmàgs (`d/e) Y3=P.

Rcfea 3? shkws thct tha tktce RNE_ eacnhcta nkgnagtrctmkgs lkr cee tastab àtces mg tha

smgtarab spanmàgs ravaceab c banracsmgd tagbagny nk`pcrab tk tha rasarvkmr sabmàgt

prkpartmas. Fcsab kg thasa cgceysms rasuets, tha RNE_ eacnhcta nkgnagtrctmkgs lkr tha tastab

àtces mg cee smgtarab spanmàgs wara mg nk`pemcgna wmth Rcmwcg A_C raduectkry em`mts (_f:

1`d/e, Nb: 3`d/e, Nr: 1 `d/e, Zg: 61 `d/e) Y3=P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda 3>

Lmdura 1: XVB bctc lkr tha cs-ranamvab rasarvkmr sabmàgt Y3=P.

Lurthar`kra, Lmdura < shkws tha X-rcy bmllrcntmkg pcttarg kl tha smgtarab spanmàgs.

XVB rasuet nk`pcrmskgs lkr tha cs-ranamvab rasarvkmr sabmàgt sc`peas cgb smgtarab

spanmàgs ct smgtarmgd ta`parctura 331? N wmth vcrmkus necy cbbmtmkgs mgbmnctab thct gk

smdgmlmncgt bmllaragna wcs kfsarvab. Rcfea 3? axpecmgs tha XVB mgtagsmtmas kl tha `cjkrmbagtmlmab `mgarce spanmas pacis. Rha mgtagsmtmas kl tha `cjkr pacis banracsa mgsmdgmlmncgtey

wmth tha c`kugt kl cbbab necy mgnracsab. XVB cgceysms rasuets mgbmnctab thct tha `cjkr

`mgarce phcsas kl tha smgtarab spanmàgs prasagt wara qucrtz (^mK6), ceu`mgc (Ce6K>) cgb

ha`ctmta (La6K>) Y3=P.

Lmdura


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Rcfea 3?: Rha XVB paci mgtagsmty kl tha `cjkr paci kl nrystceemga phcsa mbagtmlmab mg

rasarvkmr sabmàgt cgb smgtarab spanmàgs ct smgtarmgd ta`parctura 331? NY3=P.

Icthy C. Gkrthnktt at. ce. hcva stctab thct tha pktagtmce usa kl pktcfea wctar nctmkgmn

pkeyàr leknnuecgts hcs rcmsab c gu`far kl nkgnargs mg tractmgd tha sabmàgts cgceysab mg thms

mgvastmdctmkg wara kftcmgab burmgd twk bmllaragt Cgtcrntmn su`àr sacskgs. Kvar tha 3==4

3==8 sacskg c Rmp nk`pksmta sc`pea (R\C) wcs prapcrab fy tcimgd smx sc`peas lrk`

bmllaragt pkmgts mg tha Rmp cgb smavmgd tha nk`fmgab sc`pea kg-smta. Thmest cgmkgmn cgb gkg-mkgmn pkeyàr leknnuecgts cra dagarceey kl ekw tkxmnmty, tha nctmkgmn spanmas cra igkwg tk fatkxmn tk skà cquctmn krdcgms`s. Mg smdgmlmncgt qucgtmtmas thay ncg fa pkmskgkus tk lmsh,

rasuetmgd mg dmee feknicda cgb sullknctmkg. Rha `cjkr prkfea` cssknmctab wmth pkeyàr

leknnuecgts ms rasmbuce lraa `kgkàr mg nk`àrnmce prkbunts Y1?P. ^ygthatmn pkeyàr

leknnuecgts hcva faag fcggab mg Jcpcg cgb ^wmtzarecgb bua tk nkgnargs kvar `kgkàr

nkgtc`mgctmkg. Kthar nkugtrmas usa pkeyàr leknnuecgts mg `kbarctmkg fut sat strmgdagt em`mts

kg thamr usa cgb `cxmù` ceekwcfea eavaes kl rasmbuce lraa `kgkàr Y13P.

Kg tha kthar hcgb, cqumlar sabmàgts nkeeantab vmc spemt-spkkg sc`pemgd mg twk gaw

drkugbwctar waees mg tha 6??-Q_-3 kparcfea ugmt ct tha Hcglkrb ^mta wara nhcrcntarmzab cgbshkwab tha fuei, scgb-, smet- cgb necy-smzab lrcntmkgs kl acnh sc`pea wcs nhcrcntarmzab fy X-

rcy bmllrcntmkg (XVB). Rha XVB rasuets lkr acnh fuei sc`pea mgbmnctab thct acnh nkra emgarwcs `mgarcekdmnceey sm`mecr. C typmnce axc`pea kl cg XVB trcnmgd kl tha fuei sc`pea

(F3=32?) nkeeantab mg fkrahkea N26== (364.4364.= ` fds) ms prkvmbab mg Lmdura = cekgdwmth tha `mgarce pkwbar bmllrcntmkg lmeas (_BL) lkr nk`pcrmskg. Fcsab kg pravmkus fuei

XVB cgceysms, sàntmta wcs kga kl tha bk`mgcgt necy `mgarces lkugb mg tha La kxmba/necy

nkctmgds Y16P. âa: Lmdura 4&8.

Lmdura =: XVB pcttarg kl F3=32? fuei sc`pea nkeeantab lrk` fkrahkea N26== Y16P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Lmdura 4: @mnrksnkpmn m`cdas kl La kxmba/necy nkctmgds lrk` F3=32?. (c) LAÂ@

m`cdas wmth AB^. Crrkw mgbmncta tha spkt àcsurab lkr AB^ spantru`. (f) RA@

M`cda cgb aeantrkg bmllrcntmkg pcttarg kl dkathmta mg F3=32? Y16P.

>.6. Rha Â@ & AB^ Rasts:

Lkr tha nhcrcntarmzctmkg kl sabmàgts, Nk`putar Nkgtrkeeab ^ncggmgd Aeantrkg @mnrksnkpy(NNÂ@) ms c pkwarlue àthkb mg kftcmgmgd nha`mnce bctc kg mgbmvmbuce `mgarce drcmgs cgb


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda 3P. ^aa: Rcfea33.

Rcfea33: @kbce nk`pksmtmkg (mg vke.%) kl hacvy `mgarce lrcntmkgs mg sabm`agt

sc`peas lrk` skutharg Mgbmc Y1>P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Lmdura 8: Nkgnagtrctmkgs kl @gK

mg wt.% mg cvarcda Meàgmta

cdcmgst thamr RmK6 mg wt.% lkrMgbmcg sabmàgt sc`peas. ^c`pea

gu`fars cra dmvag gaxt tk thamr

raspantmva sy`fkes. Gkta tha

nkgsmstagt ekw @gK nkgtagts kl

Meàgmta wmth aeavctab RmK6 Y1>P.

Lmdura =: Nkgnagtrctmkgs kl @dKmg wt.% mg cvarcda Meàgmtacdcmgst thamr RmK6 mg wt.% lkr

Mgbmcg sabmàgt sc`peas. Meàgmta

wmth aeavctab RmK6 hcva hmdh

@dK whmea cee kthar sc`peas,

axnapt lkr thksa kl thraa

ihkgbcemta rmvars nkgtcmg Meàgmta

wmth @dK5?.8 wt.%. ^c`pea

gu`fars cra dmvag gaxt tk thamr

raspantmva sy`fkes Y1>P.


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Rha prknassab fmgcry m`cdas cra utmemzab lkr tha batar`mgctmkg kl drcmg smza cgb shcpa

cgb tk nkgtrke tha fac` lkr cutk`ctab nha`mnce cgceysms. Neustars kl mgtarnkggantmgd pmxaes

cra rankdgmzab cs mgbmvmbuce drcmgs cgb tha aeantrkg fac` sncgs cnrkss acnh drcmg lkr 3? s mg

krbar tk cnqumra agardy bmsparsmva X-rcy (ABX) mgtagsmtmas lkr spanmlmab radmkgs kl mgtarast

Y1>P.

Cs JAGGMLAV C. NK^RK at. ce. hcva scmb, Â@-AB^ wcs usab tk avceucta tha

badraa tk whmnh drcmg surlcnas ra`cmgab nkctab wmth La `mgarces cltar axtrcntmkg.

Hcgbpmniab ugtractab cgb HC-axtrcntab scgb drcmgs wara usab, cs waee cs thmg santmkgs kl

ugtractab drcmgs. Sucrtz cgb laebspcr drcmgs lrk` tha 61?-1?? ` smza lrcntmkgs waraaxc`mgab cltar N nkctmgd tk rabuna sc`pea nhcrdmgd. Rha fac` pagatrctmkg bapth wcs

astm`ctab tk fa 6-> `. Nk`pksmtmkgce bctc wcs astm`ctab lrk` fcnisncttarab aeantrkgs

a`mttab lrk` cpprkxm`ctaey 3 ` mgtk tha sc`pea. Mrkg, ^m, CM, cgb @g wara batantab ct

nkgnagtrctmkgs dractar thcg ?.1% Y2P: Dradkry E. @krrms cgb Jmchuc Lcg (6?3?), Vasarvkmr âbmàgt Hcgbfkki. Basmdg cgb

@cgcdaàgt kl Bc`s, Vasarvkmrs, cgb Tctarshabs lkr ûstcmgcfea Qsa. @nDrkw-Hmee,

AEANRVKGMN \AV^MKG: \ar. 3.?2.

Y2P:http://www.mgtargctmkgcermvars.krd/gkba/324, _p.4>81.

Y=P: Hsu ]^ , Eaa FJ cgb Emu H. (6??>), @mxmgd rasarvkmr sabmàgt wmth ley csh tk `ciafrmnis cgb kthar prkbunts. Mgtargctmkgce Csh Qtmemsctmkg ^y`pksmu`, Nagtar lkr Cppemab

Agardy Vasacrnh, Qgmvarsmty kl Iagtuniy, _cpar#8=.

Y3?P: Emaw CD. at. ce. (6??2), Vauscfmemty kl sawcda seubda mg necy frmnis. J @ctar Nyneas

Tcsta @cgcda, \ke.), Qtmemzctmkg kl seubda cs frmni `ctarmces. Cbv

Agvmrkg Vas, \ke.4, _p.2,_p.3=16?1.

Y3>P: Tmafusnh F. at. ce. (3==8), Cssassàgt kl eacnhmgd tasts kg nkgstruntmkg `ctarmce `cba

kl mgnmgarctkr csh (sawcda seubda). Mgvastmdctmkgs mg Jcpcg cgb Dar`cgy. Tct ^nm Ranhgke,\ke.>8, _p.3=16?1.

Y32P: Emgdemgd X, Tam D, Rck T cgb Gcgru ]. (6??1), ^tuby kg lmrab necy frmnis wmth

rapecnmgd necy fy ley csh mg hmdh vkeuà rctmk. Nkgstr Fueb @ctar, \ke.3=, _p.62>4.

Y31P: @agazas V. at. ce. (6??1), Qsa kl drcgmta scwmgd wcstas mg tha prkbuntmkg kl narc`mn

frmnis cgb tmeas. J Aurkpacg Narc`mn ^kn, \ke.61, _p.332=3318.

Y33.

Y34P: Bk`mgduaz AC cgb Qee`cgg V. (3==42=.

Y38P: Tctar Vaskurnas Cdagny, @mgmstry kl Ankgk`mn Cllcmrs, Rcmwcg, ^tctmstmn kl Tctar

Vaskurnas, Rcmpam, (6??4), pp. 33, Gk. 6,

_p.81=


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Qscfea _rkbunts

Fy: ^m`c Nhcvkshm & @chsc Nhcvkshm _cda 6?

Y6>P: Tu F. ^. at. ce. (6??8), _rabmntcfmemty kl sabmàgt trcgspkrt mg tha ]aeekw Vmvar usmgd

saeantab trcgspkrt lkrùecs. Mgtargctmkgce Jkurgce kl âbmàgt Vasacrnh, \ke.6>, _p.68>-6=8.

Y62P: Cdagna ba eAcu, Ec qucemt bas sbmàgts bas nkurs bacu, 3==33==?P: Ihcwcr ^QERCG cgb Gkkr Czhcr ^HCZMEM (6?3?), Daknha`mnce fcsaemgas kl `cjkr,

`mgkr cgb trcna aeaàgts mg tha trkpmnce sabmàgts kl tha Raragddcgu Vmvar fcsmg, @cecysmc.

Mgtargctmkgce Jkurgce kl âbmàgt Vasacrnh, \ke.61, _p.>2?->12.

Y>3P: Ragcdc Gcsmkgce Farhcb (RGF) (3=48) (Nk`peatmkg kl nkgstruntmkg), NcàrkgHmdhecgbs Hybrkaeantrmn ^nhaà. MAC Hybrkpkwar M`peaàgtmgd Cdraaàgt Cggax \MMM -

Hybrkpkwar Dkkb _rcntmnas: Agvmrkgàgtce @mtmdctmkg @acsuras cgb Fagalmts Ncsa stuby

?2-?>: Vasarvkmr âbmàgtctmkg - Ncàrkg Hmdhecgbs Hybrkaeantrmn ^nhaà, @cecysmc.

Y>6P: _. Nhmgbcprcsmrt cgb I. _m`rcisc (6??8). C ^tuby kl Ley Csh-Emà Drcguea QglmrabFrmni. Jkurgce kl _kwar cgb Ranhgkekdy. \ke.386, Mssua 3, _p.>>-23.

Y>>P: Icy Hcàr & \keiar Icrmus (6??6), Frmni prkbuntmkg wmth brabdab hcrfkur sabmàgts.

Cg mgbustrmce-sncea axparmàgt. Tcsta @cgcdaàgt, \ke.66, _p.1631>?.

Y>2P: Fektt, ^.J. cgb _ya, I. (6??3), Drcbmstct: c drcmg smza bmstrmfutmkg cgb stctmstmns pcnicda

lkr tha cgceysms kl ugnkgskembctab sabmàgts. Acrth ûrl. _rknass. Ecgbl, \ke.64

3628.

Y>1P: Hkeà, G.C., @nMgtyra cgb C.B. (3=43). @athkbs lkr tha ^tuby kl @crmga Fagthks.

Fecniwaee, Kxlkrb. >6> pp.

Y>


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Y>4P: Iugd-]uh Nhmcgd at. ce. (6??=), Emdhtwamdht frmnis `cgulcnturab lrk` wctar tractàgt

seubda cgb rmna husis. Jkurgce kl Hczcrbkus @ctarmces, \ke.343, _p.48P: Irmstagsag, A. cgb Cgbarsag, L.. (3=84), Batar`mgctmkg kl krdcgmn ncrfkg mg `crmga

sabmàgts: c nk`pcrmskg kl twk NHG-cgceyzar àthkbs. J. Axp. @cr. Fmke. Anke. 3?=, _p.316>.

Y>=P: Fartrcgb at. ce. (6?3?), Fuei krdcgmn daknha`mstry kl sabmàgts lrk` _uyahua Ecia cgb

mts wctarshab (Nhmea, 2?^): M`pemnctmkgs lkr pceakagvmrkgàgtce rankgstruntmkgs._cecakdakdrcphy, _cecaknem`ctkekdy, _cecakankekdy, \ke.6=2, _p.1=, Mssua.6, _p.34=3=1.

Y26P: Fartrcgb, ^., Ncstmcux, J. cgb Juvmdg, A. (6??8f), Raphrkstrctmdrcphy kl tha Ecta

Decnmce cg Hkeknaga sabmàgts kl _uyahua Ecia (^kutharg \kencgmn Zkga, Nhmea, 2?^).

Suctargcry Vasacrnh, \ke.4?, _p.>2>>14.

Y2>P:\crdcs-Vc`mraz at. ce. (6??8), C pkeeag-fcsab rankrb kl Ecta DecnmceHkeknaga nem`ctmn

vcrmcfmemty mg tha skutharg ecia bmstrmnt, Nhmea. Jkurgce kl _ceakem`gkekdy, \ke.>=, Mssua. 6,

_p.3=4634.

Y22P:^tariag, @. at. ce. (6??8), Ecta Suctargcry nem`ctmn nhcgdas mg ^kutharg Nhmea, cs

rankrbab mg c bmctk` saquagna kl Ecdk _uyahua (2?2?^). Jkurgce kl _ceakem`gkekdy,\ke.>=, Mssua.6, _p.63=6>1.

Y21P: Ceeag ^. A. at. ce. (3=42), Nha`mnce Cgceysms kl Ankekdmnce @ctarmces. Fecniwaee, Tmeay-

Mgtarsnmagna, Gaw ]kri.

Y21>1->124.

Y24P: Lkrbhc` C. T. cgb Gkrrmsh I. (3=4=), Crsagcta-4> uptcia fy nk`pkgagts kl savarce

cnmbmn skmes cgb mts m`pemnctmkgs lkr phksphcta ratagtmkg. Cust. J. ^kme. Vas. 34, _p.>?4->321>13.

Y1?P: Icthy C. Gkrthnktt at. ce. (6??>), Tctar tractàgt basmdg lkr smta raàbmctmkg ct Ncsay

^tctmkg, Cgtcrntmnc: smta nhcrcntarmsctmkg cgb pcrtmnea sapcrctmkg. Nkeb Vadmkgs ^nmagna cgbRanhgkekdy, \ke.>4, _p.3


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Qscfea _rkbunts


Y13P: Fayar, E.cgb Fketar, @. (3==8), Lkr`ctmkg, ankekdy, cgb dakdrcphy kl nrykskes kl cg

mna-lraa kcsms mg nkcstce Acst Cgtcrntmnc gacr Ncsay ^tctmkg (Tmeias Ecgb). Custrcemcg Jkurgce

kl ^kme Vasacrnh, \ke.>4, _p.6?=622.

Y16P: Tkkykgd Q` at. ce. (6??4), Q(\M) cbskrptmkg kg cqumlar sabmàgts ct tha Hcglkrb ^mta.Jkurgce kl Nkgtc`mgcgt Hybrkekdy, \ke.=>, _p.6116P: ^talcg Fargstamg at. ce. (6??8), Cppemnctmkg kl NNÂ@ tk hacvy `mgarce bapksmts:

^kurna kl hmdh-Rm meàgmta scgb bapksmts kl ^kuth Iarcec facnhas, ^T Mgbmc. Jkurgce klDaknha`mnce Axpekrctmkg, \ke.=

Documents

Report of Industrial Training 2011