Report of Army Ground Force Observers

8/12/2019 Report of Army Ground Force Observers

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Lt. Col. F. J . Reichmann

Major H. W Dobbyn

l 'ORTH.=WEST URI CA

December 24, 1942

to

January 15, 1943


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... . '".1.:.: ~ c j-. . Lo-, , ; ' ,.... ; ....... ...........,\3 Combat I oading. ,

4 Observation"while on 'Transport.- . .. . .

SECTION I I

UPPLIES AND EqUIPMENT

1. For use on Transport .

2 . 'For use a f t e r Debarking.

3 . Additional notes on supply in Morocco.

,SECTI& I I I

MORALE ACTIVITIES

:1. .on ' f ransport .

'2. Ashore .in North. }.fr ica.

, SE l:IONJl

OBSERVATIONS ON TRAINIliG ANDREPLAClElolENTS

SECTION V

INTELLIGENCE

.

SECTION VI

111 SCELLAilEOUS OBSE3.v:.ATIONS

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APPENDIX NO.1

Report of Observations Aboard Ship Enroute and Debarking. Written December26 1942.

Clothing and equipment.

Morale ac t iv i t i e s aboard Ship.Sanl ta on. 'Admini s t r a t i veEquipml!nt needed aboard ship.

APPENDIX NO.2

Report of Observations of Debarking. Written December 31. 1942.Delays in unloading of TAT e q u i ~ tObservations On pac\ting and crat ing.

.

APPENDIX ~ O ' 3, . . . .

APPENDIX NO.4

Conferences w i t h C o m m a n d e r ~ dStaff 34th Infantry Division. WrittenJanuary 9 1943 .

Combat 19adlng.Protect ion of Rear i n ~ t a H a t i o n 9 .Field ranges.Waier s'.lpply.Signal.

cKedical.-_ '-,"Hi scellan6llUs.

APPENDIX O -5.Officers MedHerranean ]lase Section. Written

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F@lItlJlO. O ' , c ~ r e n c e 1 d t J i , ~ ' t..ot ...sWt.u:dia. l . tantG..4."wr tten ~ l O. l ~ . .

, . Protect1on'Bge.!nat-Aireratt .R a t i o n 8 . a n 4 . ~ e e d 1 n g .Equipll!9l1t. ~Amphibiou8 'observations.

APPENDIX NO.7

Notes from Standing Operating Procedure, 1s t Infantry Division, Ship toShore Operations.

, N C ~ A SED
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SE(mON

. L Gener >1. ~ T h eloading o f t Ship fo.r,movement of , t roops and their,equipment to a debarkat ion point can be aocomplf.shed i n a ' success fu l manneronly b y careful"planning; based on knowledge o f the organizat ion of t h e t roops ,the use ,'and. chB.raeter is i ics of t h e i r equipment, ' and the 'condi tieRs. under whichthe t.roops wUldebarko arid l i v e u n t i l theY no longer .depend on the ship .

, ( 1 ) 'I'he t roop corillnander can obtlOin a l l of i the informat ion "equired,and he i s respons ib le ' fo r, the welfare of his troops and. the c o n d i ~ i o na L h i st roops ' ahd equipment af"ter debarkat ion, so he m u ~ thave control :qr the loading.

:Q. Information given to the t roop comml',llder regardi'ng oubage and tonnageallowances before loading s t a r t s must be cor rec t and. f i n a l . This app l iesto both personnel and equipment capac i t i e s .

2 . o ~ e r i a lloading fo r debarkat ion a t a f r i end ly por t . Jl:. Obs\lrv t o n s .

(1) t did' il:ot seem important ' to the p ~ r s o n n e lloading the shipsto load T T :( fo Accompany Troops) equipment on the same ship with the t roops .

f t h i s equiPment i s on the same convoY they. 'appear s a t i s f i e d . (With theconvoy scheduled 'to l a n d a t t W b ports separate:d by. several hundred miles ,some T T equipment went ' to the wrong p o r t ~ , . " '

(2) , Much T T equipment wasload:ed before second and th i rd pr i or i tyf r e i g h t . l larrack bags, f i e l d ranges , and o ff i c e r s bed roJ,le, were unloadedtwo to f ive days a f t e r a r r i v a l because of th l s 9i tua t i on.

(3) Off ice r s who " i e u a l 1 zed the s i tuat ion upon debarking werenot permit ted to make s u g g e s t i o ~ Swhich would cor rec t fau l ty loading. Theywere t o l d to mind the i r own business and not i n t e r f e r e

:Q. Resul ts . '1) Observation a f t e r ' debarkat ion revealed tha t men,o ff i c e r s , suppHes . and e q ~ p n e n t s u f f e r e dbecause of d e l a y ~ nunloadingnecessary T T equipment. : R a i n ~some s l e e t and cold wet weather were encountered. Valuable equipment damaged, Bome suppl ies dest royed, o ff i c e r shad no t e n t s ' o r bed r o l l s 'and necessary,medical suppl ies were not a v a i l a b l e .

g . ~ e c o m m e n d a t 1 o n s (1) That t roop eommanders send an advance par tyto p lan loading of a l l ships i n a s imilar manner ' to tha t employed for combatloading.

(2) That a l l TAT'equipment be l'oaded, so i t s avai lable wi th in48 hours a f t e r debarkat ion.

(3).; ,Tfiat an urgent p r i o r i t y within the T T equipment be es tabl i shed , and' tha t ' t h i s eqUipment be unloaded so as to be ava i l ab le immediatelyto the t roops , to inch ,,: Ki tchen equipment, ' comp'lete, t a rpau l ins , canvascovers and admin i s t r a t ive ' t en tage , ,officf:rs bed r o l l s and se lec ted medicalsupp l ies .

3 . Combat Loading, ~ Observations of Transpor t Quar termasters , andothers dur ing the sh ip - to - shore operat ions of November 8 , 1942.

(1) The t roop COmmander must have absolute con t ro l of loading.e must have time to plan, t r a i n his whole force, and load care fu l ly and

proper ly.

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Last minute changes in composi t ion 'of the per'sonnel and equipment must notbe made by higher author i ty, as readjustments are not. p o s s i b ~ E 1a f t e r loadinghas s tar ted . . . .

:2. R u s u l t s . ( 1 ) Many cases of the resul ts of . :faulty l o a d ~ n gareincluded in ~ c p o r t sof observers of recent landing operat ions .

.0 Recommendations. (1) That a t l e a s t one experienced TQ}I, who actedas such during the recrent l,aJ?ding operat ions, be attaeJ:lea. :to any task forcewhich i s being prepared to j;ake. par t i n such an' o p e r a t i o n . , ; "

(2) That higher au thor i ty spec i f t ca l ly and c lea r ly g ~ : v e . t h et roop commander f u l l author i ty to lo'ad his shipa, and control the .C9mposi t ionof the personnel, equipnent, and f r e igh t to be carr ied . .

' . (3) That a t leas t two months t rainIng' i n com-bat loading, in -cluding a l l necessary information and equipment, be made avai lable . .

(4) That a c o m p ~ e t eanddetaf le :d Standing Operating Procedure be

perfec ted durlng t r a in ing . (See Appendix '7.)

l.. Observations while on Transport . (See Appendix 1 . ) l l . Qbservationsmade' on ship which carr ied one a r t i l l e r y ba t t a l ion , one medical ba t t a l ion ,and 50S personnel from. New York to Casablanca.

:ll Exchange Service. ' .(1) ,Very unsat is fac tory.

(2) Opened a f t e r t h i r d cla on ship' .. (3) Open a :\ ew hoUrs each day.

(4) Tax free . c iga re t t e s so ld for $1.00 per carton to t roops , 60to ships crew. Other i t e ~ si n proport ion. All men in the serv ice know t h i si s an excessive charge, and they' f ee l t ha t they are being imposed upon.Their j u s t i f i ab le indignation inclUdes a l l higher echelons having the powerand the obligation of preventing such t reatment

.. Fire and abandon sh ip d r i l l s were poorly planned and not e ffec t ive .(1) The three alarms a l e r t , f i r e , and "abandon ship" were

confusing ..(2) The signals were. changed almost dai ly by verba l orders. They

did not conform with posted wri t ten 1ns: iruct ions. . . . . ' .(3) LQcations. of. some un i t s on deck changed several t imes. Some

uni t s d i ~ not know where to r epor t ' the' ' s i x th cla out., (4) Life boats n6teqUlpPed. Water casks not f i l l e d . This work

s t a r t ed the fourth day, not c'ompleted upon a r r i v a l a t C!!-sabianoa.(5) Ins t ruc t ion to' t roops indef in i teo Exa.m.ple: "Stee l helmets

wi l l be worn w h i l e ' ~ ni e c k : . ~N ~ : x tday: . "Chin s t raps of s t e e l helmets wi l l

be l e f t unfastened..Two

dAys l a t e r : "Chin s t raps of .s,teel helmet'S may befastened, but. i l h o u } ~;be, 'rlillea s'ed before jumping overboard." Results of thoabove instruct i .ons; , T,he .que,s,il,oiling of ileveral: men regarding what they woulddo, i n case the l h 1 1 l . , " ; e : e , ~ o ~ R e i i . C l e d .brought tor, th the s tar t l1ng1nformat i ontha t t b e Y ~ 8 " c 1 l l J l t r ) l c t a dto UJi:(astenthe1r' chin s t raps and',j)lll1p overboard..

~ . Mess. ( ) Wellorgari ized and well i1onducte4 ' ,., . . ;(2) two very good meals per day . . . . . adeqUate. ' ie bel ieve t ha t

i t would have been very d 1 f f ~ , t ; t . o . , , r v e , t h l ' e emeal ' on thiB ship . as thek1.tchen and dining room would bvebeen ' i l i ' cbn t lnuous use , al lowing no timefor pol ice and reorganiZation.

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e , Q)larters, (1) Canvaa and s t e e l bunks arranged four to a t i e r , withpassageways averaging 16 inches . lIlxample: One average room conta ining 112men measured 35 f e e t by 35 t e e t , wi th an e foo t oei l lDg.

. , ( 2 ) Ee.cll man, ha!ieiit18 "A" barrack bag with him, and his f i e ldequipinent. Large b a r r a c k ~ 8 . ' o b s t : n l c . t : p a s 8 a g e w l I T s i~ consume !lolr space.~ h h " l , J . d d s 'to the t ime necessary t o c l e ar lower decks , and to t he d i scomfor t

o f the quarters , '1.. Debarking. , (1) Time lIcl:ledule'foI' ,debarking d id no t ' p rov ide fo rd e l a y ~ :in passageways , so t roops crowded i n t o them fo r hours . Large bar rackbags, sQme' too heavy ~ o"bl lcarr1ed, added to ' h e conges t ion . ' , '

: . : : i,. Recommendation,,, (1) That ship exchanges be p laced under J:'ega-' l a t i , !Os ei;milar t o ' ~ ~ l > o s efol" exchanges a t , pos t s ; :,camps, ,and atatiol ' i t l ." .. 'c..

, . (2) That sh ip alarm systems, and i n s t r u c t i o n s regarding abandonsh ip be s tandardized. . . , ...,.

(3) That the equipment ' car r i ed 'by the so ld ie r, inc luding h i s"A" barrack bag, be def ined. The c.ol!t.ents ' :should be reduced, so tha t he mayuse the bag as a pi l low.

SECTION I I

S\JPPLIES AND EQ,UIPJ.mNT

; : J . lfor use on t r anspor t . (See' Appendix 1 . ) ~ . The men need twoblat ikets , overcoat , a r m s , s , t e e l helm'Bt, 3 paiTBSOX" two s u i t s , wool under-~ e a r saLt water s ~ p and one months supply of razor b lades , t o i l e t a r t i c l e s ,'and towels . Bef.ore l e a y i . n ~ , t h e , B h i peach man.sl iould 'obtai 'n t h ree . ra t ions ,C or K, ammuni t i o n , a n d ...., ) 'Pf)Qk;!lt" ,supply. of tOi l : e tpaper. '

, .(1) One. .or :t1f O, " 'q i te handkerch1",fs' should be r equ i red . They mayb used to mark guards,", ' , ' ' ..

11: Off ice r s need t ~ r .b!ld r o l l s a f t e r debarking.Q. Admini s t r" ,U VB: I l q u ~ ' ] ; l I I r e t lt '

,, 1) Company or sepa ra te detachmenU, Service. r9oor48" .Duty 'Roster. i : ' ; . i :Sick book; plus::fbrms' 58'.Morning'Re l lo l f t .

. Paper, "ink , ' ink' ; ,eradicator.(2) Bat ta l ion : , : t

One typewri ter. por tab le .Supply:' of p a ~ l ':and. ,'carbon . paper i ,'Army,regtl1lations needed fo r admin i s t r a t ion , to inc lude , those. p e r t : ' i f l : i ~t ~ c6urh"inartial'tiiid t rAfel if . s a : t ~ . '' F i e l d ' l l i ' t > n ~ 1 ir'equir'iid:'.:r.n- 'Planned ' ' ' f i , ' l i ~ cif6rt.' .

. } ) i e g l : m e f i ~ ' : - : ' ; C : : : T : . : ~ ' ~ r ":,;'." . , '. :T " :, . . .,'Same as for the b a t t a l i o n .Neoe'S'sa't;f !e:i:'ira 'forms; : '. "One m 1 ~ o i t ' a : p h ' m a c h 1 J 1 e > ( o I i ert 'ea;;Ji' s h ' i ~ ' ' ~d';s;irableY.

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2 . For 'use immediatelY a f t e r debarking. (See4ppend1.x 2.) . :. Cereshould bs exero1sed to make lI1U e tha t the f'ollowill8 ,.eqw,p'psnt.can and wil lbe unloaded while the troops are debarking: . ~ 1 t c i ; l e nequipment'i a l l tarpal i l insand administrat ive t ~ t a g e ;off i ce r. b e d ' r o ~ l s ;neoessary medical supplies;

. . ...3 . Additional notes on )ApPly in Morocco . (1) Wood and lumber are

extremely scarcs . I t you wil l n e e . d t a r g 8 t t r B l l l c e e - , l h a i ~ s "t a b . l ~ s ,l a t r i n eboxes, or other items made o(Yood, ' 'bring t h e m a l ~ ,.01' plan:. to' make themfrom old boxes i lndcratea. . ' . . . . , i . . , ' .

(2) Cloth and s p e ' ~ a l _ t e l ' l a l , a .as011c1oth. pUo'tUm, e t c . ,cannot be purchased. ' . i: . . ,:., . , . . . , . .

(3) W h i t s g a s i a 'not :available, so 'b r ing a l l the ext ra sparepar t s you can for your stoves. CleantngthelD t.lu'ee ,times dai ly a t l ea s tdoubles the spare parts neeci8d. One div is ion repor t s for ty per cent of the i rf i e l d ranges not in operatiOn a f t e r si% weeks in the f i e ld .

(4) Eye g a n e s ' a n d a r t i f i c i a l teeth cannot be obtained. Seetha t every individual has .twope.1r of i s sue g lasses , and tha t miBBing tee thare r e p l a c e d . ' . ' .

(5) llath uni t s belong a t the t ron t , and tha t i s where they ere .A tew i t.e.\llIi of pipe and other i i t t i r igs wi l l help.

. . . ) / P (G) ' l l r i ng a generous supply of cleaning solvent, laundry 1I0ap.gun patchea, and oil . Smalr2,t8ms' are d i f f i c u l t to ge t . '

l7) Bring e x t r a , ~ v a s : t oprotec t ycmr equiPDellt and supplies .A tell' ext ra she l te r halves 1n .charge t e 8 . ~company aupply sergeant i sind ica ted . .,

(8) Latr ine sests , l i gh t , durable, andt lyproof, wil l ass i s t inheal th 8 e c u r 1 ~ y .

(9) lbnot depend on obtaining tentage or other equipment a f t e r

youreach your des t ina t ion . Bring

whatyou need.

(10) Bring a one month ~ Qt yeast tor san i ta ry use.n ) Guard your supplies and eCillipment a t a l l t imes. Double your

guard i f Arab peddlers are numerous

. SECTION I I I

MORALE ACTIVlTIES

1 . On Transport . l : . ~ E l ' , o a t!lt tect1ve morale, bui lder on. a Tranapor.ti s provided 'by oaretul. planning tQl' the safe ty t the journey, and pOlli t h e ,

accurate , andconf ideM . leadershill; The f6:l1owtne; are' a tow per t inen tsuggestionsl . . _ , .,.,.. . . . . . , .(1), . I I x p l a l n " t h e : ' p ' o t ' C ~ i Q n .. 'provided' fo r ' t he col'lvoy. . ..

' (at ~ p l a l nthe arJlllllilent cit the sh ip , the , lookouts, and theC U W ' m 1 l 1 i , ~ ' 1 o n . 9 . ~ _ cI ~ , ' : < b r ' ~ ' : ~ ; < ' . ' ~ _ ; ' ; ' ' ' _ ' < ' ' ; ' ' ' ~ ' ' ; ' ' ; _ : ' ; : r ~ ~ > :~ . ~ ; > : . ~ -_ ../ ,;'" - < ~ ~ ~ \ ~.. " , , ~ ~...~t p : 4 f t U l ~ , - 8 . e t e . 1 1 See tha tl I V e ~ i n d i i t 1 , ~ ~ , \ ~ . \ : l I i ~ 1 3 0 1 J ~ " -i ~ " ; " ,. , ,

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. U ) S e e tllAt i : i l ' bOate ana 'J atts are r e ~ tor'lise. "Jl:a""iI CrWsdelllgnated for thrOwiD&J.U"e r a f t s overboard, aC.tual.l. unt ie them. See t h a tthe;y knOw wheJ;"e the i r orders are to come'from, liild by Yhat"8 eana;,;

(5) Enforce ,the "no l i gh t " r u l e rigld.l;y and effectlvel. ;y." ' (6) , Have .allandon s ~ l pd r i l l s da l ly u n t i ~everyone h 'convincedthe;y' are undercomps ten t leaq,ers who know what the;y' are doillg;:' -,: '., ' '.

'J . Exohe,nge S e r v 1 ~ ., ( 1 ) Exchange servlcEJ me;r be p rodded by : the~ 1 l 1 ~ '..c;In:,anYcase t sb,oUld .be poss ib le to p u r ~ s a r t i c l e s fo r about the\ l 8 I ) E i . ~ l c e. -as a t your ,de sUns. t i on. Tax i ' l ;ee .c igaret tes are 61 pe:rpackageil). 'EU.rDpe ,and Afr i ca . ; : ' " . . "' ':, ' . (2) Tbe exc,hange'should have a s tock ' 6 f )the popular ,cSgaret tes ,Qandy.bara, 'cookies, l i g h t e r f l u i d , nuts , c igars , tobacco, s a l t water soap,ink:; ,p9l).c11s, playillg cards, and s ta t ioner ;y. '

.. ." (3) The exchange should be opsn a t , l eas t s ix hours ,ever.y dIl.

'(4) A:D ;y ,attempt 1\0 s e l l merchandise a t a ,lower 'p r ice ',to the ,crewthan ~ o the t roops should bs 'cor rec ted ,a t once. ' : This prac t ice ,causes themen to lose contU.lince . in the i l ' .o ff i cers . ;,;, :, :ftA and E b ( l r l ' a Q k b a f l n l l e d , ~o a p a c 1 t 1 . , > S o m e l r e r ~ " . I I oh e a V 7 t h e m e n ~ h a d .to .cirsgthem.~ s was a> Ber10uu)bllh",le toe\libarklng .and d1tllJlltld.J:lgi.n regard to the II", b8: SOllIe aold1ei'8 Garried ~ l l overone 1i,ar 'a.supp17 ot ' razor b l l 4 e l l . , ~ P ~ ; "$0IlIe' ,oWlledgroteaque supplies of ctga.ret1lell, and candy. - ,

(2) On' our ship there was no space f o r t he Aft bag, excepta t h e bunks with the men Therefore. the nAn b.8 mus tbe kept small i f c a r r i ed aboard. In one par t icu larroom ~ h a t o u ren l i s t ed men were quartered I n t h e r e were112 men i n f o u r t i e r bunks, the 'SiZEl'of t he room being35 f e ~ tby 25 f e e t with an 8 foot ce i l ing .

(3) One "K". r a t i on and 2/3 C ra t ion were issued to t roopsp r i o r to debarking.

(4) Ammunition i s sued to t roops p r io r to debarking:E a c h p ~ s t o l ,20 rounds.Each sub-machine gun, ' 60 rounds.Each r i f Ie , Hio rounds.

(5) . Canteens should be f i l l e d pr io r , t o debarking,

3 . Off10ers c lo th ing and 'equipment .>\. C'o be worn car r ied aboard .ship:

All f i e l d equipment. l e s s bed r o l l . (Canteen f u l l ) .8t eel helmet;One pa i r l ,eggings.Coat. se rv ice . Fie ld Jacket .Raincoat Cor trencj:J. coa t ) . 'Two (2) cotton,,-Shirts.Two (2).wiiol s h i r t s . .Two (2) wool t rousers . (o:n. shade).One (1) wool t r ouse r s . l igh t shade (op t iona l ) .Cap , se rv. i c e {overseas) Three su.tts underwear ( a t l eas t one wool)'.Six p a J r s o c k s .,One pail ' shoes , -service ( i n A..l condi t ion) .One p a i r shoes, dress (opt iona l ) . .Two ( 2 ) c o v e r e . pro tec t ive , ( in gas mask c a r r i e r ) .One gas mask, complete.Two (2) pa i r pajamas_One f lash l igh t with- extra bulbs and ba t t e r i e s .One month's" supply t o i l e t a r t i c l e s .One bar s a l t 'water soap.Extra shoe l aces .Extra pa i r glasses , ( i f needed), gas mask type.Sun g l a s seQ(op t i ona l ) .Impregnated clothing (recommend i t be shipped as company

property i f i s sued) .

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Two towels (small bath or hand). (Wash cloths fortaking sponge baths aboard. ship are desirable. Ba.th .towels (one each week) .were fUrnished aboardour ship).

Ammunition and emergency rat ions must be. oarried af terissue aboard ship. (See par 2. ~ (5) . '

Brief case (when desirable) .Q. Red Roll.

COinplete with shelter tent . pins. poles. rope; washbasin. extra towels. blankets. sand f ly net 032mesh. ( ~ O T E :Under present conditions of.loading,o f f . i ~ e . r s m q expect to wait from three to six daysbefore r'eceiving thei r bed rol ls upon debarking. .Thisi s a fault that should be corrected at the embarkationpo'int. Since supervision of loading by the commanderof troops is not permitted. th is must be corrected byhigher authori ty) . '

~ . Foot looker. .Extra wOol clothing.so.x, handkerchiefs, underWear. etc.One ext.I'a. set insignias (or in bed roU)One extra padlock. .(We found TJJB:tJY locks on foot lockers

had been broken in t ransi t ) .(NOTl: !'oot.lockers 'be &.Vailable in from threeto s ix days af ter debarkinb under present conditions)I t i s recommended that the foot locker be takento Africa. .

(NOTE: The foot locker should be small. and water-proofed with l a c ~ u e ror varnish. A dis t inc t ivestripe for e a c ~battai ion or similar unit wil la id in identif icat ion. All stencil ing. exceptname and serial n1lJlloer should be with gasoline.solvent paint to permit removal.)

4. ~ r a l eActivit1es on Board Ship . :. Very limit.ed .l


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UNCL SSIFIED(APP aiDIX NO. 1 Contd)

(6) W e : b e l 1 e Y ~ : t h ~ . ~ ~ e , I ) l 1 Q ) t 1 ~ . b e 'O ~ i l ) l,everT d q onbo+al d. sJU,p_./:" : ..; , .,'- -- -. - , < _ : ~ _ , ~ v _ r ; , - -1 ,::.!l.. Schools . - : . " . " ' . . . . . . . . '.' ....

(1) l ' l a n s ' . ~ ~ a , : ~ ~' i i i i d : e ; ' r 9 , ' M i l , ~ ' \ ' ~ l J 1 : ; ' ~ i : 1 iahaAia'b. iCn: ' . f i@cti '"If i it ' !- .nt ' tni . i 'co". 'edti .on .' .....-'- .. O.f 'f ierBQ . . . . , , P. . , ., .} Xl . , , ' . C

, . , ' boJigi;I; a i c l , ; ~ p , a r l e ~ ' o 1 l ' . g n l t i ~ n0 1 ' s , ~ J ~ : : l r a l B , c i I i N.. " Yo r k ' . ,'J1iiey'areworthlEiSB here " { h t V ~ t ' e ' w t n e b ' e r g o

the G-,2 sec t ion i s fam1:).1ar ~ t h ~ i s 1 a nana. J.lorrooanAraDic) ; . ' . . , . . .

(2) Schoois 'on i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of' a i r c r a f t collld: be conductedwith p r o f i t . , '

(3) A few wel l 'chos'en l e c t u r e s on t h e customs, h i s t o r y, andge9graphy o f the, country to be v i s i t e d should be prepared.

(4) . . h ~ pn'ewspaper.A da i ly. news. bul le t inwa ' s pub i i shed to ' til'e o f f i c e r s ,a f t e r t he f i f t h dBlf ou t . One i ssue. o f a ship newspaperwas publ ' ished. A l1nottPe ~ c h i n eand p r i n t i n g presswere ava i l ab le . but used very l i t t l e . One l inoty:pe 'opera to r and two repor te r s on each sh ip could p r i n t a

, smal l paper every other dBlf. This paper could conta inthe"rad10 news, p e r t i n e n t shipboard news,' and a French.and Arabic l e s son ' sec t ion . A good mime'ographed paperwould be b e t t e r than n'othing.

~ E n t e r t a i n m e n t . '(1) T h e m ~ n s t ~ e dtwo shews which were well received. Only

a few musical ' ins t ruments were a v a i l a b l e , These shipi n s t r u m ~ n t swere not u s e d a s much as t hey could havebeen ;" More planning co l l1d have made the t r i p shor t e rand"preyent frict ioiJ. wit;"in t he u n i t s .

(2) lio lIlayS-es were shown. 'Even16mm t r a i n i n g f i lms wouldhavil"been WillI received fo r t h e i r d ive r s ion va lue .

(3) C e . r ~ s ' ~ : a 8 p l a l l g a i n e sw e r " i l v ~ l l a b l e ,but not i n theq)laht#y ~ e G d e a. . ,.. , . .

(4) Organlz\'o'd'.eingfests . ete very' popular. 'Pyped sheetscon ta : in ing thewords o'f popu la r songs would be veryh ~ l p f U iat these s i n g f e s t s .. "', .

5 . Sani ta t ion .S!. Water. "

(1) Aft:er t h e t h i r d dBlf the amount, o f f r es h water ava i l ab lewas_ I lbout one canteen per man, per day, exclus ive o f messr e q 1 i ' . ~ e m e i l t s .Warm s a l t water wae ava i l ab le i n some o fthe o f f i c e r ' s quar te r s , but in a small percentage ofthem only. At l e a s t one s a l t w a t e r h o t b a th every t h i r ddii'shOuld. be ' r equ i red o f a l l personne l .

(2) The hax.dl;l.ng o f food and w a s h i ~o f mess gear W M verysn t 1sflictol7 ' . .

(3) . 1.11 personnel D!ust debark wi th full .ca. l ' l teens.~ G e n e r n l ~ o l i c eo f t he ship was d i f f i c u l t

(1) Dai ly ' i n spec t ion by t h ~ sen io r medical o f f i c e ra s s i s t e d by seve ra l f i e l d o f f i c e r s , with a da i ly rep o r t to t h e s h ip t ~ o o pcommander i s recommended. Thisr epor t should f i x the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r any defec t snoted.

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20/56

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.. Barber service.(1) Three cha i r s Were available. Barbers completed about

twelve hai rcu ts per 'hour a t 50 cents each. To do t h i sthey use cl ippers almost exclusively. (The, use of'e lec t r i c c l ippers was a surprise as the radio wavesgenerated are sa id to be more intense than those prq-duced b an e l ec t r i c razor ) . . ' , .

(2) I t i s recommended tha t uni t barbers be pre9ared toout ha i r on. board I1hip. .

.6 .Mmini8tl 'ative Equijment needed aboard ship.

~ . Company, bat te ry, or separa te detachment.(1) Carry aboard ship ..

. Service re


21/56

UNCL SSIFIEDAPHlllDIX NO. 1 Contd

7 RelDIIl lt8

11 A sack lunch 1II8S issued upon debarking.Jl.. Ship regulations regarding the aler t signal , f i r e alarm, a i r

ra id alarm, and the abandon ship alarm were confusing. Ordersposted did not conform to verbal instruct ions. Abandon shipstat ions were changed en route. t i s recommended t ha tcommanders reach a defini te understanding with the authori t iesin charge as early as possible , and that the men be instructedregarding .mat to expect and what to do in a IJ f emergency. Onth is part icular ship the instruct ions and the prac t ice d r i l l swere o l i t t l e value.

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U N C L t


22/56

APl'llNDIX.)tO. 2

. 1. Information gained 'by inspect ion of the 78 th l ' ! l la t tal ion, 2ndArmored Division, ~ d by conference ' Idth ~ i e . j o rifeynard,and Hajor :aradyo f that organization. All statements are based' on actUal observationand questioning several off icers and non-commissioned officers forver i f ica t ion .

~ . Effect of order of unloading of kitchens.(1) Troops debarked with one sack lunch, oneK ration, and

2/3 C rat ion about 4:00 P.M. 24 December(2) Fielc:. ranges received in bhouac area l a t e night of 26

27 December. Some f ie ld ranges not complete and werei r s t used for the noon meal 27 December. (French

ro l l ing kitchen borrowed to supplement cooking f ac i l i t i e s ) .(3) Had f ive f ie ld ranges in use within the battal ion on

the i t h day. .(4) Using motorcycle gasoline. Uo white gas avai lable.(5) No kitchen f ly avai lable unt i l f i f th day a f t e r debarking.(S) Observation of unloading revealed that much third pr ior i ty

equipment was delivered to troops before TAT equipmentwas recei'lt.ed . This appeared to be caused by faultyloading.

(7) Rations delivered when needed and were ample.ll.. Other TAT equipment_

(I) Officers bed rol ls .Some received night 25-26 December. Balance receivedl a t e 26 llecomber,

(2) iledical tentage and supplies received la te night of 2728 December.

(3) B barrack bagll received l a t e night of 27-28 December.Q Packing and crat ing.

(1) Some paek1ngtoo I tgh t thoaghl t

seemed to be accordingto specif icat ions.(a) Knots in boards caused much breakage.(1i) Some packages too heavy or too long (10-5 gallon- gasoline oans in one row).

( ~ ) Rough handling caused some stroUb boxes to breakopen. Factory packed replacement par ts were los t.fro'mboxes _

(2) Theiilest boxes end cra tes were r e i l \ f o ~ e d' tilth sl ieelbands. They held togethor even though handled roughly.rhe use of diagonal bracing on 'crat6sAelped .

~ . Care in the f i e l d . . ., .

(1) Heavy dew and l ight rains itlmost-hi"ghtly. with brokenboxes in. open f ie lds . m e d e . ~ n r e o fequipment d i ff i cu l t .Canvas' COVel-S arriving on '1;he' f i1th da;y- caused considerableexpplro.re t ~ . tlome equipment. .. ~ .; .

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... " ecoimne ulat.1on ( l ) " ; r h a t : ; 8 I 1 ' \ l ~ tprioriV' within the 'U.'l' e ~ 1 p m e n tbe

::et &llJ:iahe4, to: lnelude thefollQWill4l:t";- ' . .~ . ( ~ ~ t n l 1 e l e q t 1 1 p m e n t ,complete.4:E' rlRiIlte-. pumps,

. . " , . p ' l : ' ~:>al1;s, etc . should be p a C k e d " 1 i i ~ ' t h eeamec r a ' ~ e 'with the f i 'e ld ranges) . , .. ' .

(Q) ~ a ' : " p a ' . ; . l i n s ,canvas covers , and admlr i ts t ra t lvetE : : l t i6 ll .

( .... (;i 'ro


24/56

UNCLASSIFIEDllIPINDIX NO 3

1 . The information r ~ o r . l ' 6 dhere in i s bassp. on obse.rvat ionof var iousun i t s o f the 9 th In fan t ry l l i ; v . i s l o n f ' ' f I h ~ . a t i . ' I : I : f a r i t r y D i v h 1 0and t h e 2ndArmored Divis ion. . . .

2. Training f a c i l i t i e s .1 .. Near ~ f \ t .

(1) Adp.quate fo r one div i s ion ,plus other 1 U l ~ t:lOW in the~ i c i : l i t y . Good a r t i l l e r y range. Other r ~ e s adequatebt.'; lack equipment. Need t a rge t frpmes, k. rge ts , .and.t a rge t c lo th . , .

(2) Dif:l


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i . ~ w or three water tank trucks of a 750 gallon capacitywould be useful in a combat engineer bat ta l ion , par t icular lyin places where the water si tuat ion i s similar to the condit ionsa t Rabat. They would save a great deal of gns and effor tnow being used by divisions in resupplying ~ J . t e rin 5 galloncans.

Q. The 404th Engineer Battal ion i s now dr i l l ing and operat ingwells from 100 to 150 feet deep. This unit i s l imited by i t ssupply of casings and pumps.

4. Conference and inspection of modifications of equipment with Lt.Col. Exton, 78th Field Art i l le ry Battal ion, near Rabat.

~ emoved piece from elevat ing arc of T54 mount (105mm on halft rack) to seoure fu l l d e p r e s s i o ~ .Col. Exton considers th isa very good weapon. He says i t i s suff ic ient ly stable at a l lranges with charge 7.

:9,. The follOwing are modifications considered useful :Extra gascllZls mountect 011 rear of sand -skirt, carr iagemotor 50 Cal 1 fG t r ipod Md pioneer tools mounted on front ofcarr iage motor M 7 .Extra aJIlIIlU tition.l05mm.on carr iage motor Mi. :furmovIng t he f i r e 'extinguishers to the rear, the carryingcapacity i s increased to 99 rounds.

5. Conference and inspect ion, 67th Armored Regiment, with Colonel1. D. 1lhite.

ll.. General obse: 'vationsby Col. White:

(1) Units need more laundry soap and cleaning solvent.(2) Units need white gas to keep' kitchens ( f i e ld r ~ ~ G e s )going.(3) Beli.eves some vis ib le evidence of completion of Ilurchase

of a bond would stimulate sales. I t should be possibleto purchase bonds a t Army Post Offices. Bond salesmen,with a small entertainment IlroGram, would be wort:, "h i l e .

(4) Valuable equipment i s deteriorat inb on account of alack of tentage.

(5) There shol:.ldllElaTI automatic issue of vehicular Claint.Gas solve:.n ,;&.int should be incIuded. .

(6) The Grer.o."t, offensive, h l i a b i l i t y. t i s not aseffec.t.ive L S the fragmentation granade, i s ansily spoiledby FC:-:l.ppir.,;; threads, and is not suff ic ient ly sme to

carry 'in ,. ",:,icle s .(7) For U ~ 6 Gc.'.,'st a i rc ra f t , the .50 Cal. e.mmu.nitionsholl.ld .a l l b"... ;:mo.". pielclng. with. every f i f th round a t racer.

(sf ~ i c a ia.et'lChments should have t ra i l e r s to carry the1r. " J ; . : e ~ p m e n t .

~ ~ ~ r e a . . i W i t . 1 IhaY:IJ'one Y a t . e l , ~ l e rper kitchen." : ~ . N l ~ _ W k : . < . ;

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t lNe . ~ . ~IFI E.D." (.APPmmlX liC);30ontd)

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( lQ lAbrBl7 of 16mm f i b " for reoreation i s n e e d . ~ d .(l-le.n;yu n i ~ 8 , ' b . a v ethe necessary pl"oJection equipment) ,

(11) Men complained that outgoing mail 1s 'not being de l ive red

as prompt ly a s incoming mail . Thisi s

a poor moralef a c to r.:2.. The fol lowing are usefUl i tems observed:

( 1) Improvised armor on 1 /4 ton reconnaissance car ( f ron tView). Made from discarded armor p l a t e from scout carby the Reconnaissance Troop .. 2nd Armored Divis ion.

(2) Bat te ry charger mounted on ha l f - t r a ck ; used to keepbatteri ,es. charged fo r operat ing rad ios .

(3) "Gold',1,ie'd.al 'Water Heater" beine; used to heat water fo rwashingmes's k i t s . This small hea te r i s sa id to bee,xtreIllely' sat . isfactory.

6. Conference with Captain rrack E. Cowling, Company C, l p th E n g ~ e e r

Bat ta l ion . The following are opinions o f t h i s o f f i c e r , whose company tookpar t in landinc operation:;;:2 ' The combat ,eIJgiileer ba t t a l i ons need rad ios . The TIt; p'r.ovides

opera to rs , but the TEA does not p:r6vide radio set s . (How .cor rec ted) . .' . '(HOTE: This o ff i c e r borrowed and,had access to radios dur ing

tho itOvember landing operat ions. He observed tha tthe 'Z84 rad ios ~ o r r o d ebadly. Being a chemicalengineer, whoso cl :y l1ian .oc.cupations i s research onp a o k ~ i gp ~ b l e l l l s .he suggests t h a t heat seal ing in".Pl'iofilm" mai solve t h i s problem fo r fUture landingopett i ions) .' . ,'. .

:E, . ~ u i p m e n ( t h 8 . tCaptain Cowling f e e l s i s excess in the l e t t e r

COlllJlany a n d . ~ h o i i . l d be lliade a v a i l ~ b l ea t angineer dumps:(1) Mine d e t e c t o 1 " s . .(2) Flame:tl1rcfW6l"s.(3) Commercial shores .

Q. Tht 2 ~ ton cargo t rucks are more advantageous than It ton6.ump t rucks '- that the advantages grea t ly exceed the disadV


27/56

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L o a d ~ nof ships a t Port of Embarkation: Hore control bytnet i l la l uni t cOllU lLl lder. This un i t , i n spi te ' of precaut ion, , 'by the' commander, had .ships loaded with v6hicles separa.te from the dr ivers the reof . .Service Records, e tc : to be 0 0 the same ship wi t h t h e monoThis unit s t i l l has not recei;ved cer ta in service records Nld'are now th ree months behind with thenecessnr r eh t r ies . Ravobeen able to g e t only pa r t pa;rmentsfor the men and. h.-,ve notbeen able to increase t he i r al lotments .COOlvas insuff ic ien t to p ro tec t equiplllent.PUllE iden t i f i ca t ion : The ru le in. the l,5th Infantry i s ftl::cvcrshoot a t plan.es that .do not shoot a f 0 u ~ . intens1ve inst ruct ionin the ident 1ficut1on o f our .Ql l1 plalles s valuable , butwithin i i lfant17 regiments we should notat t 'empt intensivo :ins t ruc t ion i n the , ldentif1:caU'onof eneJDY pIanos. The ul.timntoobject ive i n t h i B trE'.ining s to lu ve a l l gUll l:]:'eWB becomeprof ic ien t n the iden t i f i ca t ion ' of aU type , of .0ur,oWn ., ..a i r c r a f t . . ' . . . . . . . . . . .

Latr ines - Bel1El'1es.,that co l laps ib le l a t r i n e scats shOuld .bebrought with uni t s . Lumber i s very scarce in the N o r t h .Africl'.n Theatre; These scats should'be mado l igh t l'.nd durnblc,but be f l y proof . (Colonel White, 67th Armored Regiment, c o n ~curs in t h i s a l soL 'Crude o i l and yeast fo r snnitnlC'Y purposos i s not avai lable , 'rule used motor o i l h.-not suff ic ien t fo r th i s pUl:'pose. Goo(l.hivouac areas are l imited, and loIhen units arc bivouaced for" fong per iod the .cont inuousdigging6f new straddle- trenchespresen t s a problem. ~ i S , l spartieule;rJ.y acute when u n i t sfollow each other into 'j;he,csBlDQ bivouac areas .Short on Cleanine; and . p r e s e r v i ~ e q U i p m e n t .l a r t 1 c u l ~ r l y g u nnotches and oiL. . . .Oo=d Post t en t s lE;lak: along the &c8 ii"joint between the roofand the wall (A). , The.extended canvas ( B) ro l l s . up duringr a i n and makes' a ret;Uler water trough. which cruJ.ses l. considerab le amount of water ~ o r u ndown the inside wall .

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28/56

APPENDIX i ~ O .4UNrnS\F ED1 . Conference with the 34th In fan t ry Divis ion contac .hd Colonel

HEmdri cl:son , Cllief o f Sta ff , L t . Col. Wendt, G-4 (who WE'.S.fIl.II0 G.-4 of;Allied force . A z . l J . l ~ i b i o U s.operations i n the v i c in i t y of .Algierand who hasa l so done much work in recent 'months with the Br i t i sh ) , General lIyder,

CommandinC General . G-2, Divis ion Surgeon. and the Division Signal Off ice r.Q. Disadvantages of combined f o r c e s of di ffe ren t coun t r i e s :

1.)..S t a f f procedme ent i r e l y di ffe ren t ./hich crea tes misunde:". standings and a l ack of coordinat ion. Constant l i a i s o n

both ways needed and t h i s slows up the procedure.(2) J!intireJ.y C1:1l:-1-erent ideas on com-bat oper.at1ons. :the

.. combat loading f o r ' amphibious operat ions en t i r e l y d i f f e r -ent between the B r i t i s h and ourse lves . CS)ntrol must 08absolute >/ith the Combat Troop commahder on loading andu n l o ~ i n gof equipment and personnel as well as or ig ina lplans which, of course , must genera l ly f i t the operat ionn.Equipment not a l i ke . Impract ical to h ve American t roopsat tached to the Br i t i sh f o r sUpply, evacuation, or tra.:.1Spor ta t ion . Their methods of sUpply are d i f f e r en t . Zxamples of ac tua l happenings are :

~ ) An American force was a t tached to the ~ r i t i s h1s tArmy fo r a c e r t a i n opera t ion , and the Br i t i sh wereto suoply t h i s force ann evacuate the wounded. '}heelthe B r i t i s h ambulances r epor t ed to the c l e a r i n g stEtioTl,i t was found t h a t our l i t t . e r s were too short and.cou ldn ' t bo car r ied in t h e i r ambulances.

(0 An American force of' 4 o ff i c e r s and 216 en l i s ted monwas onerat ing under cer ta in c"nd i t ions with the : .Jri t is; , .They were used fo r an extended per iod - considerablygrea te r than o r ig ina l l y planned. Seven weeks a f t e ri n i t i a l l a n d ~ n gthe one o ff i c e r and 100 e n l i s t e d menl e f t h8.d not ye t had a needed resupply of clothin,:;.

(4) The pove d i ~ a d v a n t a g e sare i n s p i t e of the most wil l inGcoll.".porat-f6n from both s ides .

(5) Solut ion: Col . ll'ent'.t says tha t our own supply . m 1 DCth ru a l l echelons of our own army. This part icul ,ar l : ' t rueof c lasses I , I I and IV.

~ . Lor-ding o f Ships Not enough' control allowccl.combat cOmr:1aCldors.Intorference by ship crew and high ranking off ice rs a ~ ~ o r tt l 7 i n g to change loading plans i s cUsast ' rous. Absolute 0 0 . 1t r o l by the sub-task force commander i s necessary a f t e r thep lan has been approved by a l l concerned. An example of Mac tua l happening caused by not haying t h i s control i s asfol lows:(1) After an amphibious landing was mare a t a cer ta in t O ~ T n ,

. i t was learned tha t thore was imminent danger of a tane:'counterat tack, Ar t i l l e ry w ~ s not ava i lab le a t tho moment.Anti - taf .k weapons had been ordered 1 0 a ". 0 d on the sh i ) tobe ava i lab le on a moment I s not ico. When they worD hurr i ed ly ca l led fo r, i t Was found tha t passenger cars fo r

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s t a f f work had to be unloaded f i r :s t before they ~ o u l dgot to tho an t i - t ank weapons.

Q. Prot l lOt ioa for re r Ins ta l lAt ions There i s very l i t t l e ; ) ro

toc t ion a t presen t as s e t up in prcsen t T/os . Impr.rts, WIlaI.' o u t ; t o o f 8 l l t with constllIlt; c loan ing .

( a )NQedmoro and;lQOro f lo1d,range ' p a r t s . Thoy cannot bokePt o p o m t i y, , a t ,Pl'lIllent. ; ,

, (:})"Need.J,'e!l,tO'J,';n,..Q;r ~ , Q a l . l e rs t i ) v c a (s 1 m l l a r t o thoso. f u r n l h o a . , ' , ' s . e J i 1 ' ~ : r o P e l l o o 4an


30/56

h.

..i.

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V"ter SupplT.(1) Every grol! , o f a p p r o : i : i , m a t e l T : ; 2 0 0 m e n D o u l ~bav8'"e, 250

gallon--eeltehlor1natil lg,i ire.i1l1l ' .watilr tank.. !l'he 34thDiv i s ion had the ,use cof J l r i t h h 'wat'e'r tzlaUen'."i'or ' some't ime and found:them def iuUely advante.geous. ,1'Iiey lIilIethem g rea t l y now. They91so s t a t e t ha t the 5 gal lon watercans should .remain. lin ,the Table of. Ba6ic',Allowance as ,theyalso have a def in i te purpose .in the prl lsent p l an of, \lat,er're-supply (using one t ruck f o r a ba t t a l i on in haul ing ;"water cans to and ;from the .water poil\;ti), ,and fo r sending"out water w ~ t h.sm/l.ll; pat ro ls t h a t wi l l be out f o r 24.

ours r more

(2) Advantageous ,in a D i ~ i s 1 D ntJ) have two or th ree 750' ga l lonshort wheel bas I:ta.nks as higher he;"dquarters cannot al:"ways be depended on to bril tg water into an, a r ea f a r enoughadvanced f o r a div is ion to re - supply i t s e l f . Phis ' lOuldnot be necessary. normallY. (See Col. Adams, MBS engineer

ideas on t h i s .P h n o f Supp'ly.(1) The B r i t i s h u.seuni t dist r ibut ioI)" br.inging suppl ies r igh t

up to the u n i t , a r e a s ~Apparently' they have a g re a t e rnumber of v;ehicles and se rv ice uni t s in . higher echelons.Their p l an ' i s t o r e , l i eve the combat uni t s of as muchhousekeeping.as p o s s i b l ~ .

Ve h i c u l ~ rReplaeemen t. ' '(1) At pre sen t , :units wait from two to t en days fo r rep lace

ment v e h i c l e ~ . Somevehic16s are not . rep laced f o r many'weeks, Posft ible 'solut ion for t h i s i s :(a) Have'every DiviSion Ordnance c o m p ~ o rsepara te un i t

- 'OrdQanceplatoon have 10 percent stoCk of replacementvehicle l l This percentage would.vary with tho salvagoevacuat.! .onorganizatlons a t hand, and with the timeloss ' 'tn,:.the Ordnance company g e t q n g replacements fromhigher echelons. , .

(2) Loss. i n vehic les .has been- great as enemy i s a t tack ings ing le vehicles a t ,every op]1ortunity.

Combe.t T sam. -(1) Generally' accepted as a sa t i s fac tory f i gh t i ng u n i t , out

when operat ing away from- i t s Divis ion; , i t has not the .porsonnel ,orlo. ~ a n i z a t i o n a lequipment ~ o h a n d l ~ n o c e s s ahousekeeping. :: tSeeMajor Cur t i s , 1s t In fan t ry Divisionide.as on.' t h i s ), ' '

Training. , .i(1) All un l t sope ra t lDg togethor of any branoh or fo rce shouldi ; r a ~ n ,togetheT, :90as to. become .thoroughly f ami l i a r , l i theach other's. 'lIethodl!, ! .d losc;yncrasics ; .porsonnel . otc .

Services;:of. SuWiy.Petsoll .nel. _Sy.stomatic, steps should 00 takQnto keep Services .of""-!J:t!pply sect ions stocked with good, a 4 . 6 r ~off icers ( ro t a t e i f necessary) to koep Services of Supply f u l l y

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advised of NEEDS OF TROOPS. (Statement by Lt . Col. Wandt).Minoa. (From Col. Hendrickson). Br i t i sh grenade 75 withigni te r 75 proving to be an,excel lent weapon.S1gtIal . (Observations of, the ,34th Infantry Division SignalOff icer ) .(1) On co ld days they have had seVeral men knocked out by

'Jljonoxide f1llDes whila ' operat ing radios in a C and :a carwith cur ta ins on.

(a ) ,Ai r blecks (Radio interference b y enomy).(A) --1 adi.o 193 works th ru a i r blecks i handled by g;ood

o p o r a t o r s . : "(:0 AM radio so t s wil l goncral ly go th ru a i r block".( ~ ) Froquency modulated sots wil l not work th ru a i r ~ l o c k s .

(3) Wire communication.(a) Used very l i t t l o so f a r.( ~ W 130 wiro neods moro tons i lo strength. I t i s a l l r i g h t

fo r outpost .sand witbin bat ta l ion aroas.I t l l not

sa t i s fac tory ' f o r higher echololis.(4) Badio Sots . '

(!!) 'roo lII8lIT'difforonll kinds. Canlt keep pa r t s fo r thom.Tubos', bat tor ios a re a big problom.

( h } s , ; p p ~of :SA' 37 and'B,4. 38 b/i t tor ios c r i t i c a lMedi4a1 (Obdorvations oftho' 34th Infan t ry Division Surgeon).(1) Evacuation ,and f i r s t a id for tho Divisien Command Pos t ." , ( ~ . N o t ~ n g i nTable of Organizations a t present , and

t h i s . l ~ r o u : P'w i l l t o t a l from 400 to 700 men a t t imos.His solut ion i s an unsa t i s fac tory one a t presont tohim. but s as followa:

Tho Divis ion Venereal. o f f i ~ o ri s used as tho i'ioc1

i ca l ' off i ce r a t the Division Command Post a id"s ta t ion . ,Tho' Six en l i s t od mon in the Divis ion Surgeon1soff ioo are t ra inod in f i r s t a id .Tako "one or twe amlrulances from tho c lear ing,company whore, they ca n ' ) jes t lui Spared.

( ~ Changing co l l e c t i ng s ta t ions in operation: ~ l o :One 'combat team i n l i ne with: i t s cblloct. ing s ta t ionin Cllpol'a1lioh te ,be rel ieved by another combat team).

Dontt "evacuate, t ho equipment of the col lec t ingcolripany in operEl-tiQn. Move the f rosh personnoliI i from the, collpQting'company tha t i s to tako

'ovO'r.' making a , switch of the equipment betwoencompanios. Movi'l8 the, equipmont of ,one company

, :tn. and 'tho, othor. out would crea,to, too l IUCh con-f ' ~ ~ . i e n i l o u e f ~ i J D a ~ ~ d10B.B of'equipment th ru~ n e r a b l l yto tho- ei ouiy AlBQwllUlddeetroy

''CQ1lnt.o:ttnt&ll:igonoo/ ~ f ' 0 1 ' t , o. . ' , ~ ) ' j, ,L o a V o > ~ , o l d P l l r ~ Q J i I l o l i r s o .thAt onw o t o a c h

. ' : r ! lUl" ,Utter,boarers 'b 'ancl tp! l r iencodman and,knc>wa tho' t o r r a in . Leave: enou,;h embulanco.drivors

: to acquaint tho now dt1;vora witha l l loca . t1Ona.

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U N c r ~ 5 ff FQAPPENDIX NO. 4 Oont4).2.. other ObaeneUona.

(1) Sl i t trenchos (frem Col. e n ~ and Lt , Col. Wondt).Sl 1 t J;rcnches have proven no gOod against tanks. ThoGerman tanks run one t rack along ~ in thDlD crushing thmen in them. Many American and Bri t i sh soldiers havo per-ishod in this.manner. The best solution found so far sindividual round, ver t i ca l fox holes, deep ~ n o u g hso menhave two feet of oarth over t he i r heads when s i t t ing down.

(2) Cutting Tablo of Organizations. When informed of thopossible cuts in Table of OrganiZations of Modical Unitsand in a r t i l lo ry battal ions, the following protes ts woreheard:

~ All units to function properly should t ra in together.Medical units t rained as General Headquarters or Corpsuni ts to be attached to Divisions in combat weuld notwork as well because of personnel being unfamil iarwith each other and not knowing oach other ' s methodsof operat ion.

(s) Battal ion headquarters bat ter ies and S and A bat te r iesbeing combinod would make a battery so widely scat tor-ed as to be d i ff i cu l t to handle. Almost invariably

t would have to operate two kitchens and administra-t ion would havo to be divided. At th is writ ing theS and A bat te ry and the bat ta l ion headquarters batteryof the 175 Field ArtillOTy nre operating 80 milesapart in the combat zone. (Strong opinions along t h i sl i ne were received from many others , inciuding MejorGenoral Dawley, VI Corps).

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.A.PPENDIX lITO. 5

1 O b . e r v l l . t l O n , ( ) : r t h i f C \ t e m ~ c a l : . a u p p 1 7.Secti 'On, ms a t Oren..( O p 1 ~ O n 8'01 H a . 1 ~... B e r " r t ' J ' . ~ ( j e n ; 'H a J O l ~ K.."J'ord, and Cspta!1lArn'Old :S. Hubbard),.'

, . Chemioal,'(1) No infeIine.tlo'n 'being reCeived en new developments, new

TEAs or any changes in equipment. 110 :mao118;1 8 or t r a i n -ing c i rcu lars beirib' rece ived . . ; ' "

(2) l l an i fes t s do not have accura te enoUbh anformation inmany cases. I t i s sometimes necessary to ' .g ive plJ:i.oriHesin eer ta1n ' ;shlps -meving to e the r pe r t s and t h i s is ' im-.pes s ib l e witheut de f in i t e infermatien on what i s in thesh ips . .Exampl'el Uani'Cest llYO 207 Ship 1''0. lIT626 received a t

Oran en December 14, 1942. Under the i tem ~ u a d9 R'CWS"SAS '3 was the fe l lewing ' HilmI "21packMes ohemioal warfare supplies" .

(.!:) Su,ggestien:' That the chemical 'Officer a t Pembark.li.Y. a i r ' ftian shipping t i c k e t s 'Or t aUyeu t s on a l lshipmentsleavi i lg the Por t 'Of Embarkation. , ,

(b) 'Xhis infermat ion i s essent'l:al i prep,er supplyleVels arEi t e be mainta1ned::'in the ,var ious .depots.

(3), SupplY' depots . ' Suppl ies semewhat congested because o fthe shortage 'Of t r an spe r t a t i on to prope1'ly d t s t r i bu t e "suppliali to '1'81'10118 : . c a ' \ t e r eddepoh . '

(4) Jlrit1Sl1)!meke ' pe t s have eaused s ix f i r e s , resu l t ing inthe IOlislof ever 10,000 'smeke p e t s . :{CaUsed,by the ina b i l i t y t . oge t t I ' a n s p O T t a t ~ o n , t op r e p e r l r ' s c a t t e r the.mines in te .lIIDall p i l e s over a l a rge area);' The reasenf e r tl1em s e t t i ng I l f i re i s the smeke pe t s were 'damagedi i i t ransi t , ' a i ldWheh' expesed to meistuEi "spontaneouscombulltl:enn':reeulted . When 'One pol; i s se t 'Off, ther e m a 1 n d ~ r'Of' .the':Yilia cnnnot be saved, "The cra tes a r enet strong'eneUgh, Thilre:are two po't>sto a cra te and20 'Of the' c ra t e s are da.maged in seme manner by t ho t im e:the l1aniUibt;at the debarkat ion peint ' l . s cempleted,

(5) Very s h e r t i r i ~ t Y i ? e sof' supplies ' , part- icular ly tho.I t q1iil:It a p p a r a ~ \ l . s'dccentamiliatin;; and t h e agent , nOn"corrl>,s1ve . . MSnt unit i arr ived ' a t ' th i i l ' theat-r.e witheutthe.! r 1J3'A campiOt e .

_ 4

2. Engineer ' s'ec'tiel!, HSs..:CYraii.ll . Confer"enc'e with MB:'je'J:' Stanley on water suPPly.

(1) lie), ,u t i l iz ing .shallew wel l s (25 feet tid 30fEiet deep)'iIi t h i s area t l i ' a t ; i re a l ready exis ten t . Thtlse W'ells.are under French control and arc used for i r r i g a t i o n

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and n ~ r m a luses. I t i s necessary to ra t ion tne vater a t

t imes. but a t present i s su ff i c i en t . I f water becomesscarce l a t e in the season,. and there i s no other supplyava i lab le from d e e p e l l s or streams, t m q be necessaryto r e s t r i c t tne water for i iTiga t ion purposes. At thepresent t ime the ~ i n e e r sare dr i l l i ng one deep well ands t a r t i ng another. ~ : I : si s s t i l l in the experimental s tage ,~ f i r s t well 1s down3QO t ee t a t present and i8 s t i l l i no l q . The geological formatloi in t h i s area i s not simple.Water in creeks and r ive r s i s very heavy with s11t .

(2) Testing water. . . . . . .(. ). Our present l ~ e d i c a l un i t s are -unable to t e s t water fo r

,",chlorination. ' They ' shculdbe taught to do so andfurnished. the l1ecessart eqUipment.'

C . ~ .Major Stanley had c a l l ad for t c s t lng uni t s from thedepot . .Three were located ' and sent to him, one ofw14ch be showed to\ l .s : I t watt without any ba t t e r i e sor part!lneC'easa1'7,for i t s opera t ion , and so far ascould be determined, no-parts o r ba t t e r i e s were

. 8 Y . ~ : 1 a b 1 .. . . . , ~ '- . 'J .., Conferenoe With Oolonel Donald.B.Adams. '

(1) Bomb' disPosal. un i t s . (Q.uesUonsin Colonel Adams mind).~ ) In the ordnance uni t a r e t h c y prepared to dispose o f

bombs in areas forward of Corps boundaries?(J!)", .Slmu1d the engineers 'be t ra ined to dispose o f bombs

in i n i t i a l ac t ions before ordnance un i t s ar r ive? AndtodiBT.>ose,of bombs in forward areas?

(g) . What p ~ t does thElbomb 5liBposal uni t of an a i r force' .. t ak ;e ln operation!! l n a , ~ i v o n a r e a 7:what areas? What

conn.ection with ordnance, similar u n i t s '(2) Fire ~ i , g h tlJlg, ...

'u&) . :Wha;t.unl.ts are b,eing, t rained fo r t h i s ' Are theyorgani:lfedwith experienced f i r e f ighters from c iv i l i an

.1if'J'lor .(ll'OTlIll,: ,Colonel Ad:ams.sent ,a prospect ive T O for

'.'a : f i re f i ~ i I i guni t through EcshrnThea te rof Operations during the summer o f 1942. buthas h e a m nothing 'as ,to whether these uni ts

i are being organized 1 not.);

.(3) Uti ' l i t ieS ' Platoon s. In a l l areas: the onginecr uni ts arebeing cal led on':for small jobs. such as plumbing, carpenterwork, .e lect l ' i@l Wbrk, e t c . Whenever t h i s work has to bedOlle, men a re used tha t c:auses tne slowing. down of majoropera t ions , and ~ I l d R e t ~ . c ~ 1 t h E Q . p h not avai lablo

,tOol' s p ~ l : f ' 1 e ; ; . ~ ' t l l t ~ i ( j : ~ ' i [ Y , ; , >: " t

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(APP.ENDIX NO. 5 Contd)

Colonel dama recommendsl(.!l:)That headquarters u t i l i t y platoons be formed to handle

these miscellaneous duties .~

That they be made up of men experienced in c iv i l ian l i f e .A platoon to have two or three of each type mechanic.) That the number for a headquarters u t i l i t y platoon be

Approximately 40 to 50 men for an Allied Force Headquartersn 30 to 40 men for an Army Headquarters.11 20 to 25 men for a Corps Headquarters.n 30 to 40 men for a Base Headquarters.

Water supply.~ ) 250 gal lon water t r a i l e r s . Believes one in each company

or batter,r would be advantageous. Should be se l fchlorinat ing but the se l f chlorinat ing uni t should bea simple one allowing much hard usage. Equipped witha spout tha t wop't be exposed so as to be knocked off .

~ ) 750 gallon water tanks. Does not bel ieve these ad -vantageous in uni t s under GHQ or Corps. Too hard toship and'with the collapsible water tanks now beingused, he feels that water supply engineer bat ta l ionscan convey .water to dry divis ion water points .

Have several contrary opinions to t h i s i n previousreports . . See Paragraph 2 F 2) Memo 9 Januar,r 10,1943 and Hemo No.8 , January 3,1943, Paragraph 3 D).

() Need 250 gal lon water t r a i l e r s in medical uni ts ,par t icu lar ly when operatinG away from water tankstha t are supplied by the engineer water supply bat ta l ion .Basis of noeds to medical units i s approximately 5gal lon per d y per patient end one gal lon per day foroperating personnel.

(g,) 5 gal lon water cans should be retained in aM.i t ion towater t r a i l e r s as they have the i r normal usage. (Seeopinion by Colonel Hendrickson and Lt. Col. ~ l e n d tParagraph 2 F (1) above).

Service t roops. Need more so as to release highly t rainedspecial troops from doing service work. At the presenttime a vel l t rained engineer camouflage bat ta l ion i s beingused to handle suppl ies in the vic in i ty of Oran).

(6) Hotorcycles. Need them l ighter and slower. Ueed more and moreof them. Top speed of 60 11PH i s a great plenty. :Present1/4 ton t rucks cannot ~ s scolumns on these roads and main-ta in column control . (This same opinion received from manyothers)

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(6) Ar t i l l e ry ba t t e r i e s have kitchens r i g h t with them in the i rposi t ion area.s.

.iercial shores needed', badly in combat area.s. (See Par.~ , 1 I , ( : 3o i ,NQlllQrandum 8'. January 3,1-943 folt.' contrary

, 0P1.nlqn . , C ; o n d ~ t t . o n e a . l ~ odiff8l"enll' 'in th8'WTl'< a rea ) .Jlioi;QL .P r o l l l e ~ ~ i q a laa: to whether , the prBJlent:!l'llA. cOmmei.c1a.l:AAQres sl)ould la.ll be car r ied :hi 'an, engineercombat ' b a t ~ o n .'Might l igh ten , t he i r load o ~ s o m e -o ftp.eui but,1'D ' t h e ; ~ e n tcOlDbat area: ther ahou ld ,be read i lyacceSSible '1n' forlfard engiaeer dump). ' '

(6) nama t . ~ o w e r as ~ ~ taken away from combat engineerbat ' ta.l ions. TOO",cwnllersome\for what they arB worth.

(7) Nine, .detectprs . , NO' go'Od egailUlt present ' cardboard minebeiDi!;' used b y t h ~ ' -Axis a t p r , s e n t . .

(8) Vehicle's. EmphasiS on ton and 2i- ton. cargo. Fix i ton' f ,or 1 ;radio. T : t a i ~ r r s .both sil!:es, a r e pr i ce l e s s . 0 andR 3/4. tons use l e s s except w h e ~ eneeded as rad io ca r s .Tra i le rs can be hauled by i , t o n s wherever necessary.

(9) Canvas. Needed badly in bi vouac areas but E ven the OPt en ts are not used much in forward in fan t ry c o ~ b a tzones.Infantry CPs a r e put in farmhOtlses" .caves, e t a . OPten t sinvaluable 1n ar t11 le ry and 1n bivouac areas for administ r a t i on .

(10) Canteens. Units of the 1 s t InfBJltry Divis ion, tha t part;1cipated in the amphibious 'operat ions are s t 1 l l car ry ing twocanteens and f i nd th ie very advantagwus.,

(11) Do not- bel ieve in the 350 gal lon t r a i l e r s per company.,Have not t r i e d t h i s out in combat but cons,idared i,t,,se r ious ly ' i n maneuvers in the Sta tes and.decided aga ins t

them. Feel tha t the present plan of u s i ~ w a t e rcansand he.vin.g one t ruck from eacJl bat ta . l ion 'hau l them is ,sa t i s fac tory. This cont ra ry Ito many opinions on th i s

. subJect) . 'General ~ b . e r v a t 1 o n 8 , .

(1) :S l h f ~ 8 n C h e l for o b l ~ n tfax h o l e ~~ g ;( H ) O J ) , - ~ I i . tta i lkl .~ . 0l'I11h man 'in' tI:IeliI.' u1a l.l'miM,'II'8rttCI.' tox ~ o l e s

deap enough l t ~ ~ } l l a ( l , : . ~ b l a d l ia re two f e e t belOW thelNl"face o f t A t ' c i l ' ~ . '

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(2) Be ~ e p a r e dto have two s t a f f echelons o f each sec t ion a ta l l t i m e ~and operate forward IlJld r e a r s e c U o n s B e a rechelon m q be a s fa r back as the 'Army depots or debarkat i o n . p o r t a .

.2. Amphibious operat ions (1) Drivers on same shipe with vehic les .(2) Operators on same ships with weapons.

(Hever plan on personnel and t he i r weapons or vehic lescoming together a f t e r ar r iv ing a t a beach from d i f f e r en tships)

(3) O CllilNGES IN I,OADING PLANS_ They are fa t .aL~ ) F i r s t have plan-approved by ship off ice rs and then

under no .circumstances allow chE..nges except s l i g h to ~ o st ha t might be necessary to obtain the cor rec tb a l l q ~ t a n dl i s t fo r the sh ip .

J2) ~ Q i i(T:ansport QM) to maintain ABSOLUTFJ control o floading and unloading for his Bub-task force~ o m m a ; l d e r

Mus.t be A-l .offi cer. Can be tlire.c f:om a s t a f for service element tha t i s r J t .,.ceicd i nimmediate combat during i n i tie.:;' l.'aves.

His f u l l au thor i ty th ru his cor.manliing generaland his sub-task force commander, and the sh ipcrew can make no h ~ e she doea not persona l lyau thor ize .

Complete schedule of equipment in eachhold andexact ly where in the hold .

Complete unloading schedule before embarkation. ontrol bJ' commanding general in convoy (or sub-task

force commander as the case .may be) .F i r s t wavo on t ime sched:ule.

Succeeding Waves on boa t load schedule.Boats not t r ans fe r red from.one ship to anotherbut cont inue handl ing t h e i r own ship.

Schedules previously made up and copi"es to a l lhigher echelons before s a i l i ng . Any time duringan operat ion a radio repor t will t e l l exac t lythe s i t u a t i o n on unloading, for ins tance mark

Personnel - PVehicles - VSuppl ies - S

Looking'down the schedule of what has been done,a rad io repor t s t a t i ng "P6S9Vl2" would give aperson with a schedule and char t the exact

personnel , . ~ u p p l i e s ,and vehic les tha t 'have beenJlllloaded and s en t to the beach. DO NOT t r y towork on e. time . s ~ e d u l e b a s i sa f t e r the f i r s twave .

Information worked out ahead even to the cranesand ne t s to each hold" hatch, and taW : l i g h t e r

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TGJI i n charge. Good capable o f i i cer a t .eadlhatch and good NCO 1 each,hC?ld. Each i ~ ' .u.edi n loading. the ahlp 80 lmowa.eD.ctly whereeve ry th ing i a and aa i t i s c 8 . l l ~ dtor, by achedule'there wil l . be, no del:e.ys . . . .

Three plana i f poss ib le . Alternr.te plans i D ~be necessary.depenr"rv&.tiona .(.!!) tree 6 0 : : ~ a n d i l l . _pHmarU;r forart1;Ue:.,y, Pack: 7pmm

howl. "zers a re r l t a l . U",;YOU cah I ; , . . ~ ,th .. :.l t l l supple-,"ent: the mortara:unt1i the!I05a: GTe! : l , a pO.81tton":;0 fu rn1abf i rea : . . '

(g) 1 3 _ lOOn p o B a i b ~all-a.U a r t i l l e l f ~ a desperate.ly needed . not , tr,., to p i l l LOS8 .11 "!lweapon: e . r r i e r s . ,Wlll:dllerillJr beg "down t:Iw bee,ch. Use

. regUlar ~ m a . l I I O V e l ' 1 l ' : 8 J 1 d :do :noli,'llring the l 0 5 s u n t i l~ h eprimBe.overa can ; be brOught Wi th them.

(g) use plenty o f t r a i l e r s loaded wt'th Bupplies. heycan be pul led by t ton t rucks or b u l l d o z e r s . . .

(g) .n:, vehicles brought to shore- should have organicI t ads .

(.!!) Leave men's rOll.B on shlp. Make up 'squad bundles,11th them and send t o abors i n l i gh t e r s as roomc.an be fOUtld for them.. Do riot l e t men have. moreof a combat pack then they c a A swim and f igh t )11th,.Should have two canteene each andsmeJ.l .amount ot.r a t t o n f o r emergency. ProbablY' have. to t eed themselves ' fo r 24 hours but heat ' t battl,e ma.kee ea t ingcomparatively n o n ~ e a s e n t i a lduring t h i s t ime. Bythe t ime the, men have an opPortUiii ty to Btop an d ..ea t , , t he r a t l on auppl ies can"be'unloaded on thebea.oh fqr. them.

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. . ,' ', , ~, o J , '

' l II L:.NOTES FROIi SOP

lo t INFANTRY DIVISIONSHIP 10 SHORE, OPEkATION

l i Plan. to provid. for the reduction of strength and equipment,i f , ~ c e 3 S a r yby l imits imP"Bed by ~ B i 8 l . d. h ip . , wil l be i n accord witht l ~ : ~ o ~ _ i O w i n g

pr io r i t i e :u ', " : . " . - . Banda.B a . s : ~ c $ .

Chauffeurs tor v e h i c l e ~l e f t at, homa B t a t ~ o n..d:otorcycllsts.Reduc1:-ion on r i f l e . s c ; u a d ~ 'to, 8 men41

; . ~ ' t , \ I r i ,no Case wi l l piollS proviqe for dele t ion ot t , J i q t i c ~ :Unita,i ) i i 1 ~ ~ l . } ~ f ~ . : J ) t : a ~ Q o n s ,anlf#l:JS ordered h,y th i s headquarters,

J;'f;'Ort:onizatioQ:jl;,'i;"!lajor Tactical GNuping.:

R e l I ~ n t a . ) .C q J l l b ~ tT . ~ ( C T - - ) . :

Infantry liel1it"'-nt ( ' l 'hre .hat ta l ion landing' to"",.) .One f .A.,' Battalion. "Co j A;' - - , Engr. Batt ali0r>.Co. ~ i i ~ d .Battalioo.Urd. Det. OQ. , o f f i o e r , ' i x enlisted, men).Det; ., - S i 8 ' l ~ lC o ~ ;," ' , ; ,Army TrooPS ,Regimental Shore Party.Division Arti l lery, 1.'. do t

. t l iv i s ion Headquarters ,Hq-: Md W P C O ~ ' ' ' ' l e s sdeta,Signal Co 0," leBa de.ts.Engineer Bn" less deta. (Less, three Companies)Reconnai5saI1C,e Troop.Division Shore P a r t y - H e a d q u a r t o r ~ ~

Service Troop3:. wedicuf Sn '., 1e3.9 three Compani,e,s .

QlI Company; .urd. Company ( ~ ) l e . s de t

3; 'Battalion Landin.: 1'. . . . (Combat loaded):B a t t a l ~ o n

Infantry. 'Battalion ~ ~ d i c a lSection.One 8at tdry F.A,One Bn. component of reglinental shore par ty.O n ~Naval- Gunfire Support Team, c o n s i s t i ~ , '_of t

One' army off icer.Two Naval o f f i c e r a ~Fo.ur p r i v a t ~ s .

When .pace i . available units wil l be added i n the t ~ l l o w i n g,,priori tl',1

One Enginee" Platoon.'One- B n ~Sec-, Trans. Platoon'"Serv1ce:_Co'i"(Jne Battery AA Arti l lery. '

tu! 2 fiJI

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a darlni te aUQtment of t ransportat ion i " " a ' d ' ~ . ; t ; ( l I l ~

t r ... .:>O

.. 2 -

b. AB soon asthifS, headc:uart er3 wi l l mike a de f in i t e a l l o t m e n ~ _'of epfJ.ceree.rvi


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On API. On AKls

, ; U ; : H l l \ P T ~P ~ t y ,(Se . Shovo r . .r.tyOlJP),cJ i.;;:.:c;o 'f P::tihon (each regitnOl).tal CTh . .

. j f ~ 1:, Appr,oxiJllately on . but t a l i on amphioia . n g i l 1 . ~ r ,4J;cMr, ' pe t , S i " n , ~troops. ' . . .

: : , , " ~ ; >r q x J . ( n a t . l y . 1 O

'Qif icer. , audO

.n l i ~ t . d n ~ ~ a c h i J ' .

' . 'th reg

~ i < , > n . ~ Q : , l a l ; g i n g , ' . . > :::/:..CT in accorqi:l.llce w ~ t hol CieI Q, of CT o ~ e r

~ : ~ ) . , < ~ l h t lShore Io.rt.:/, mllf:lt have a hit:h:.priority.1'or 1 8 n ~ 1 . . ~ ~._ ~ ~ ) ~ , q o . , . i . : , k r o . l d - I n 1 t i a l l Y W l d e rT l ; ~ l U l d e r .J l ~ v e r t 'to division, ori :Qr


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sU;l l I < f f ) : i ; : ~ ~chauffeur with c a r.:Iature of D u t y ~ . , . r o lsup;.rvisiOh and' coordin.. ~ n ; ; ; ( J t ;, .Co,

loading personnel at tho p o r t . ( ~ a " P h t . ' c o i L t e r . M l i " ' l t i i 'riavy) ' ' , ''

( 5) Mpre50"t"t:I."e of 0-4 Seot;iall'-Geri"ral. i r p e r v 1 8 i O n ' l i I i 4 " ~ r ' ; ldinotion of loading of SUPPUtl. and ' U i p m r i t ; < I j . t ; : ~ ~ t . ~ ; . - ; . \.. . ~ Nature of Duty-General superviSion and c o a r d 1 n < i t 1 O i f ~ " ~ i i I # i

of supplie. and equipment lit: the pOrt.,

I L:.. U
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(6) ' Repre nta.tive. of Dl.vieion (llart .r, . . . ; , ter, Chemical. rtar!are, O r d n & r i ' C ~ ~ ' . J e d i c a l ~. and 6igIW.l units.,'_, N&t\lre o f Duti - A o s i s t G-4 repre .entat ive in hi- Qutie

(7)," Detactl!'1eilt' f r o m Q i v i s i 9 n - , - 4 l e a d ~ l , l a r t e r . ,~ n d l 4 P C _ I l l ' ,2off i ce r s ' and 1.2. J u ~ 1 s t e dmen. " _ ~ a c h . s .

m U t I , ~
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Norma;l },.; I(ota,Colonel . - .,Chief o(St , t r.

s. B. ~ ~ l , , .G- J >.;- ~ . ' , ~ ~..Shore Party1a sphere .of ac t ion i s the boach assigned to

v / ( . ; ; , : ~ . , _.b" .; TQ.e 'rtidius of operation inland, other than for-sigrull opera'tions,

'. ~ a q n o J ; 1 I . r, . . t abUshed d e n n i te 'Y. .,.,." , : , , ' . (1), Nonnally t wi l l not extend beyond t mile in land.~ ~ ' , : ' , - .J;,, , .'

:.', .> 3., ~ ' l P o n s i b i l itYI~ ' , : / . - : l - ( a : , , " , ' ~ e t t . , s h o r ePar ty Commander i s responsible to the senior troop' : 4 ~ ~ r , 1 ntltf:3 i'one as prescr ibed by the Force Co.nunander ,

~ : , : ' . ' > ' \~ , , ; - : , ' H eEixerQises coritrol ot a l l ac t iv i t i e s in the. immediate beach> ~ a : ~ ~ ~ t e dby the. s e ~ o rtroop' c 6 ~ a n d e roperating forward from',tl)e1ooaCanPosi t ion ., , - . - , ~ - -a< l ' 1 1 f t ~ r y : - -Drawn from force combat engineer regiment (aignal

. ~ t ~ . l , i e ~ ) . ,.,_.', " . .; 'b. , N ~ ~ a l , - -Detachments -from each t r l 1 n ~ p o r t(AP). ' : : ; ~ ~ ~ ' r i ' ~ : ; L ' : r~ - , , ~

: - < ~ ; ' - : 5 ~COIIIlMod.-- Vested in the COlTlllanding Off icer of the, mil i t a ry: c # P ~ . l t ~ < > f

the Shore Party.(Should be

a Lt. Col. or a l lajor)>.;/,',2:,,6,. Dut"i'es.

'a . ,:The' combined Shore -Party'functions in accord with the general, prfncIple.s in FI P 167 and F)( 31-5. I t wi l l include the following general

tar.ik:i:(1) Assis t in landing and hauling off of b o a t s ~(2) Mark hazards to navigatiop in the v ic in i ty 'of the beach.

Remove underwater and,be&ch obst ruc t ions ,~ ~ l'Control boat ,!:-ra.f!ic in ,the v ic in i ty of the beach. "(5) !lark landing beache.; ,

. (6 ) . Conatruct. landing raci l l , t ies .(7) Establish unloading p o i n t ~ o nlanding beacllos.(8) Unl,,,,,d the . . . t e r i e l of landing force from small c r a f t .(9) . Eftect emers.nay b""t repairs .

::.> : :-: ;> ,i:-;-::(19) . v a c u ~ t e'casualties t 'o ships in accordance w i ~ n , , , N a y a l~ : ~ ~ > ~ C ~ ' : ) ? _ r c e 'and 4lnding Force medical p l a n ~ . _ ~ .. . . -': ~ ( ; ) : , ~ : _ ' ~ ~ : }( - : ~ , , : ' ( 1 1 l' Establ ish communication with adja.cent' shore p a M - ~ e ~.~ : ~ ) ~ , ~ ~ ; ' ; ~ : ; : : - ' , , _ . ~ ( 1 2' Maintain commu,nications with- naval task 8 r o u p B , . , : n a . V ~ l : -' ~ ~ O s ~ ~ ; ' ~ a n d , 'f o r c ~ sashore' as necessary ~ . 'o;.;,:l


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. 7 , . , O r ~ M i z a t i o n ., a . I ii U tIjl!y'. . . .

. '- . .: ('ll'; ,OnEi oattaUon, r e i n i o r e E d . ~ -Engineers ( ~ r , ~ ~ { ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j'(2)'- . Norn,,';l attaohments . . .

. FrOl1l H & S Company; ~ ' n g ;.Ri,gt. (c)- l l ' jor or; Capt (Execut.ive) .

. " 1 Lt. - ' l ' ; . . ". }r e ~ k ' ~ ~< : , ~,,-


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: } l l : ~ } . Q : r t i , m t r o o p

racl;.L110105 from'shoro-to-ahip.Notel'

~ .

, ' : : ' , " _ L ,0)

lFIEG r o u , P i ~ G ~ f

; { ~ ~ l ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ : ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ;Gl' OUp. - Exerc.i:;f;s -contro;L over. &11 .. 5li.or.C;t':p9.r.ty , an active_ si"ttuation ma}/,"I'-includs.s location of'ins ta l la t i ( )ns . H I - i n t a ~ r - . L B "contact ,wi th B ~ n . 1 , o rtroop

he operatas .Commurrlc"ti.on Sact ion,- - Jmintains c o n ~ u n i c a t l o nwith

-using -th: Dosch a n ~with adjacont ahprsa com',. un,i( (l.t;"oo, cn thcl boa",hr. s. Hain ta ' iM Anny

cOInl1unications' when requil ud. A u g m ~ n t sNav-3.1 comnl'lnica"

".i.hr. shore par ty cQmrounicfl"t.io.ils, handlos Naval. ~ n f i r e c o m m u n i c a t l p n ~in ODldrgelncics -OC?l

" i l i t a r y P o l i c ~Bectlpn ...... Uutntains"or !dr, controls.~ , - ' s t : r a g g 1 e r s , , 'handlt-Is pr i Goners of 'Nat, and controlD' t r a f f i c . (Ful lt , ; a u t i 1 o r f ~ y:1s v " " ~ t , ~ diI2 ~ J ~~ ~ "part o r . u H m ~ t 3 l '.:to' r ~ ~ai'icJ'""Festr1 c t

:tra".flIC In t h ~ J a c h,area ~ .- ~ u K t . . ' a n t l i n goperatloos ' ill'ili i n t of' " " P . E . . l e s ) . .. : ; (4) Lv,lson ' S . cHon . - - All porsonn"l to bo f'1UlI1l1ar witic the__~ i t u a t i o nand r'3adv to ~ j n r J ~ c tincOIJ)lng porsQlU1tJl' forvm.rd a ~ I)lquirod'.: : ' , ~ : ' ; : ' :: >'--- (5) . Salt"age Soct ion. - - lia.u13 ant ~ t r a n d f ) dvohic les find sUI_plies,.' i ~ f f - 6 t ~" ~ e f f i H . r g c n c y.,r(Jpair:;j to 9l.j,uiproont:' and vf.Jhicbc dfun;.tt;.iJd it:l - landing. ,")"""_ ,_ , ( 5 ) Gimeral S ~ r v i c > JSf;:lction.-- R(;'sponsible for ' roads and':-ra.mPS-within thcl bea'ch art:la. Hovo:: s u p p l i ( ~ sacross b ~ a c h 'and forward

' ~ ' :Naval groups I d,uti-.;stl ) Control bORt pool.2) Ropair hoats.{, ' ,3) K 0 1 ; p . l a n d i n g , a r r ~ ac lea r.

(4) rarl: beaches and channols.(5) l ~... . i n t ~ i nl i a i son with nnd r . ; c 0 i v . ~c a s u a l t 1 : ~ sfrom troop

~ v a C U a t i o na ' f ~ a n c i o s .

/' ~ 4 , , :, . ~ :(6) , ' l 'ransfer' casual tJtlS to ambulancv boats .;.::: . .:;:. ~.. : .',i ; : ~ ~ ~ T- tJt.D Oo htJ, 6 h . o r ~ . , ~ r t y . ," ' I , , : ' . r'::;''::


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- (6) , ;Regiment"i t e l , e p l l O n ' . ' , . q l i i , i " " ' i t ; : i . , < C R l ' r j , . , d ~ l l \ 9 l~ ~ , , s h o : r - ~ , :party t aUgI lc; nt the c O f n 1 l u n i ~ Q t i o n.eC.t navrll p . r . i ~ l U i q l , ; , ~ , ~ V ' ' ' ; ( ~ ; ' }

proper l n c t i v i d u ~ lequ ' m e ~ - -

10. HeBS Arrang(Jments:a . The m i ~ i . t r t r ypersonnel o f th.) s h v r t ~p.1.rty i s resp:m,u.,""

11. "kJ.'.lch Seeur i t y t _ '~ . 'rhd Shore Par ty Cocinander ~ s rE;lsponsibln to the ~ ' m f 0 t :. ~ . - '. a, mark"d ,by tho ' ,hare p.ortY wi t h , n appropriato p",m"IIt./#i1','lTlarker, to btl publish-Jd by 0-4 i n ' 8ministrfl . t1vc or d :r9., \

13 ' I ~ , q , c hControl .

~ Bench'-control pn:J.,s0.,q, to tho Forco C0ll1T14ndtir : : T ; f ; : . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i s hcadqunrtors 1\5 hore. , , -', (1) ~ t th i s time att, 'crn.cnt to r'lg1mollts' (ot"'

o
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. , ~ ",

5 ~ * i : j ; : ~ ~ i i : , ~ : > I ' t 1 e , ,on a r r i v ~ ia t ' t he 'port!."'" "~ ~ . ) ~ e p o r taboard ship and go', over,'stowage plans Wl.m',,1W:I) l o ~ i t yCO of troops- of neceBscal"y chcmges to

COIldit1: ,, ' ~

o u t l t ~ e d .n t h ~unloading plan. : . '....-, > i ~ ; " : C l f ; \ r , , > ~ ; ; > : ~d. Check, t.o see t h . t supplies intended for the . h ip oro b ~ J . 9 , 1 i d i i ; < \ .a. Nat1!'y, the o f f i c e r i n chtU'ge of vehicles as to. the' t d p r ~ " i i i - : ~ c l i , :

vehicles are to b ~ t:>row:,ht- to the sh ip for l o a d f t l g ; < ' ; ; , l : " ' : ~ . > / ; ~ ~ : ' , ; ' < ~ , f . Keep tlre- CO pi: iro,opa. inform.)d as t,o t h e s t atu s , Of ~ , ? g : d 1 ; 1 l g ; - ~ : ' , ' ; . t : ' ;

Documents

Report of Army Ground Force Observers