Report GCW

8/9/2019 Report GCW

1/34

A report on

“Role of instrumentation “in

cement industry

at ultratech cement ltd.

1

1

8/9/2019 Report GCW

2/34

Prepared by:

Kapil Desai

B.Tech 7th Sem

[2012-13]

College :

Institute of technolog! "i#ma $ni%e#sit.

Submitted to :

&' D()*'T+("T ,$T'*T(&/

2

2

8/9/2019 Report GCW

3/34

Declaration

I undersigned KAPIL DESAI student of B.Tech 7th semester declares that I have

prepared this project report on ROLE OF INSTRUMENTATION IN CEMENT

PRODUCTION at “Ultra Tech Cement Limited” under Mr. IT!" #$T%&I'%.

I also declare that this project report is m( o)n preparation and not copied from

an()here else.

*"I+,%TU-!

#apil &esai

ACHNOWLEDGEMENT

3

3

8/9/2019 Report GCW

4/34

I )ould li/e to give m( sincere than/s to Mr. %L$# MI"-% )ho permitted me

for training at the plant. I )ould li/e to than/ Mr. L.M 0!-M% 1 Mr. .T #$T%&I%

for their friendl( co2operation during m( training. M( sincere than/s also go to Mr.&%-M!" &.3%T!L and Mr. -.# 3ande( for providing me the necessar( technical

information 1 guidance regarding m( project report. I )ould li/e to than/ all the

emplo(ees of UltraTech LT& )ho shared their /no)ledge )ith me )ith utmost

pleasure.

Signature of student

#apil &esai

Contents :-

4

4

8/9/2019 Report GCW

5/34

1. Int#ouction of *ita Bi#la #oup2. $lt#atech cement3. *a#s an *chie%ement. u4a#at ement 5o#6

. )#ocess 8lo In ement )#ouctiona. Stac6e#

9. 'eclaime# c. 'a mill. ontinuos 8lo Siloe. oal +illf. clon )#e-&eate# g. Kilnh. oole: oole#

i. 8eeing i#cuit 4. ement +ill6. )ac6ing )lant

;. Inst#uments $se in ement Inust#iesa. )#o:imit Senso#

9. oa ellc. e%el senso#

Aditya Birla Group :-

The Aditya Birla Group is an Inian multinational conglome#ate co#po#ation hea

8/9/2019 Report GCW

6/34

appa#el! ca#9on 9lac6! chemicals! fe#tilise#s! insulato#s! financial se#%ices! telecom an IT

se#%ices.

The *ita Bi#la g#oup is a $S =3 9illion conglome#ate hich gets ;0 > of its #e%enues

f#om outsie Inia. The *ita Bi#la #oup has 9een a 4uge the 9est emploe# in Inia an

among the top 20 in *sia 9 the &eitt-(conomic Times an 5all St#eet ?ou#nal Stu 2007.

The o#igins of the g#oup lie in the conglome#ate once hel 9 one of Inia@s fo#emost

inust#ialists +#. hansham Das Bi#la.

The #oup consists of fi%e main companies! hich ope#ate in %a#ious inust# secto#s

th#ough su9siia#ies! 4oint %entu#es! etc. These a#e &inalco! #asim! *ita Bi#la "u%o! Iea

cellula# an $lt#aTech ement.

Operating countries :-

The #oup ope#ates in 33 count#ies A *ust#alia! *ust#ia! Bah#ain! Banglaesh! B#ail!

anaa! hina! (gpt! 8#ance! e#man! &unga#! Inia! Inonesia! Ital! ?apan! Ko#ea!

aos! u:em9ou#g! +alasia! +anma#! )hilippines! )olan! Singapo#e! Spain! S#i an6a!

Seen! Site#lan! Tanania! Thailan! $*(! $K! $S* an Cietnam.

Non-ferrous metals (Hindalco and Novelis) :-

The #oup@s non-fe##ous metals a#e une# &inalco. It is a ominant plae# in aluminum an

copper. Its manufactu#ing locations a#e p#ima#il in Inia! an it ons mines in *ust#alia. n

11 8e9#ua# 2007! the compan ente#e into an ag#eement to ac

8/9/2019 Report GCW

7/34

+angalam Bi#la sai that the compan plans to in%est 's 2000 c#o#e in a million tonne

cement plant at +al6he ,in ul9a#ga ist#ict/ Ka#nata6a.

Car#on #lac$ :-

*fte# pu#chasing olum9ian hemicals o ,)#ess 'elease/! the #oup is no the la#gest

manufactu#e# of a#9on Blac6 o#lie. It ope#ates facilities in (gpt! Thailan! Inia!

hina! Ko#ea! B#ail! anaa! &unga#! Ital! Spain! e#man! an the $nite States.

e%tile #usiness (Grasim) :-

The *ita Bi#la #oup is the o#l@s la#gest plae# in the Ciscose Staple 8i9e# inust#. Itope#ates out of Inia! aos! Thailan! +alasia an hina. It ons the Bi#la ellulose 9#an.

*pa#t f#om %iscose staple fi9e#! the g#oup also ons ac#lic fi9e# 9usinesses in (gpt an

Thailan! %iscose filament a#n 9usinesses an spinning mills at se%e#al locations all o%e#

Inia an South (ast *sia. The g#oup has pulp an plantation inte#ests in anaa an has

#ecentl in%este in plantations in aos. The *ita Bi#la g#oup is also a ma4o# plae# in the

9#ane ga#ments ma#6et in Inia.

elecom &ervices ("dea Cellular) :-

Iea ellula# is no one 9 *ita Bi#la #oup. Iea ellula# sta#te off as a 4oint %entu#e

ith the g#oup! *TFT an the Tata #oup. &oe%e# the sta6es of the #emaining pa#tne#s as

e%entuall ac

8/9/2019 Report GCW

8/34

ha%e a p#esence in count#ies th#ough 11 integ#ate plants! 1 hite cement plant! 1

clin6e#isation plant! 1 g#ining units! 2 #ail an 3 coastal te#minals an 101 '+ plants.

+ost of the plants ha%e IS E001! IS 1001 an &S*S 1G001 ce#tification. In aition!

to plants ha%e #ecei%e IS 27001 ce#tification an fou# ha%e #ecei%e S* G000

ce#tification.

The ce#tification p#ocess is cu##entl une#a fo# the #emaining plants. The compan

e:po#ts o%e# 2. million tonnes pe# annum! hich is a9out 30 pe# cent of the count#@s total

e:po#ts. $lt#aTech@s p#oucts inclue #ina# )o#tlan cement! )o#tlan )oolana cement

an )o#tlan 9last-fu#nace slag cement.

$lt#aTech ement is the ultimate 3;0H 9uiling mate#ials estination! p#o%iing an a##a of

p#oucts #anging f#om g#e cement to hite cement! f#om 9uiling p#oucts to 9uiling

solutions an an asso#tment of #ea mi: conc#etes cate#ing to %a#ie nees an applications.

Products :-

' Ordinary ortland cement :-

#ina# po#tlan cement is the most commonl use cement fo# a ie #ange of

applications. These applications co%e# #-lean mi:es! gene#al-pu#pose #ea-mi:es an e%en

high st#ength p#e-cast an p#e-st#esse conc#ete.

* ortland #last-furnace slag cement :-

)o#tlan 9last-fu#nace slag cement contains up to 70 pe#cent of finel g#oun! g#anulate

9last-fu#nace slag! a nonmetallic p#ouct essentiall consisting of silicates an alumino-

silicates of calcium. Slag 9#ings ith it the a%antage of the ene#g in%este in the slag

ma6ing p#ocess. #ining slag fo# cement #eplacement ta6es onl 2 pe# cent of the ene#g

neee to manufactu#e po#tlan cement. $sing slag cement to #eplace a po#tion of po#tlan

cement in a conc#ete mi:tu#e is a useful metho to ma6e conc#ete 9ette# an mo#e consistent.

)o#tlan 9last-fu#nace slag cement has a lighte# colou#! 9ette# conc#ete o#6a9ilit! easie#

finisha9ilit! highe# comp#essi%e an fle:u#al st#ength! loe# pe#mea9ilit! imp#o%e

#esistance to agg#essi%e chemicals an mo#e consistent plastic an ha#ene consistenc.

$lt#aTech )#emium is $lt#aTechs ne onc#ete Special ement compose of high

8/9/2019 Report GCW

9/34

+ ortland o,,olana cement :-

)o#tlan poolana cement is o#ina# po#tlan cement 9lene ith poolanic mate#ials

,poe#-station fl ash! 9u#nt clas! ash f#om 9u#nt plant mate#ial o# silicious ea#ths/! eithe#

togethe# o# sepa#atel. )o#tlan clin6e# is g#oun ith gpsum an poolanic mate#ials

hich! though the o not ha%e cementing p#ope#ties in themsel%es! thecom9ine chemicallith po#tlan cement in the p#esence of ate# to fo#m e:t#a st#ong cementing mate#ial hich

#esists et c#ac6ing! the#mal c#ac6ing an has a high eg#ee of cohesion an o#6a9ilit in

conc#ete an mo#ta#.

9

9

8/9/2019 Report GCW

10/34

Cement to .uropean and &ri /an$an norms :-

$lt#aTech@s 9ul6 cement te#minal in S#i an6a is locate at olom9o. ement is #ecei%e 9

speciall-enginee#e! self-ischa#ging 9ul6 cement ca##ie#s. It is then ischa#ge at the po#t in

#oa 9ose#s hich t#anspo#t cement 10 6m f#om po#t to the te#minal. ement is sto#e in :

700 T cement conc#ete silos. * sophisticate 9ul6 cement te#minal ,hich su9sc#i9es to allen%i#onmental no#ms/ espatches cement in 9ul6 fo#m to '+ an as9estos plants. The

te#minal also has a moe#n Italian ma6e Centomatic pac6e# to pac6 cement in 0 6g. pape#

9ags to se#%ice custome#s on the islan.

5ith its sha#p focus on cement! the *ita Bi#la #oup has alas 9elie%e that li6e

a##angements 9eteen count#ies in iffe#ent pa#ts of the o#l fo# #egional coope#ation! the

g#oup too shoul 9e p#esent in a4acent count#ies ith facilities to

8/9/2019 Report GCW

11/34

%n %n&ia "#

i. % top fashion 1 lifest(le pla(er.

ii. The :nd largest pla(er in viscose filament (arn.

iii. The largest producer in the chlor2al/ali sector.

iv. %mong the top ; mo5ile telephon( companies.

v. % leading pla(er in life insurance 1 asset management.

vi. %mong the top : super mar/et chains in the retail 5usiness.

vii. %mong the top 48 B3$ Companies.

AWA'D( AND ACH%E)EMENT( "#

The compan( is doing a marvelous 5usiness in the entire field )here it can put its

hand )hich is a great aspect related to an( compan(. The compan( is also a5le toachieve man( a)ards from the +overnment of India as )ell as other institutions at

national and international level< )hich are as follo)s=

*4 The compan( has secured I"$ >88: certificate< )hich has 5een given for

the 5est ?ualit( and 5est production process capa5ilities.

*: The joint venture 5et)een L1T and Ce(linco helps them to achieve the

"L"I *"ri Lan/a "tandard Institution from the "ri Lan/an +overnment.

11

11

8/9/2019 Report GCW

12/34

*; L1T has achieved Top !@port %)ard from C%3!AIL *Chemical 1 %llied

3roducts !@port 3romotion Council in the categor( of cement< clin/er and

as5estos cement products for the (ear 4>>>2:888.

*6 L1T has achieved the ighest !@port %)ard for cement from C%3!AIL in

the non2mineral sector for the (ear :8882:884.

* L1T has achieved the International %)ard in the :nd International

Calendar "ho) for their 5est calendar )ith the theme of “Brides of India”

for the (ear :88:.

E*+ort a,ar&- "#

orld)ide< clients have consistentl( endorsed Ultra Techs highest ?ualit( standards.

The list of e@port a)ards it has )on is testimon( to Ultra Techs uncompromising

standards on product ?ualit(. e have 5een on the roll call of top e@porters of the

Chemicals 1 %llied 3roducts !@port 3romotion Council *Cape@il< (ear after (ear.

Ultratech )on the Cape@il Certificate of !@port -ecognition 2 Top !@porter 2 Cement<

Clin/er< %s5estos and Cement 3roducts for the (ears :888< :88: and:88;.

G./arat ce0ent ,or-

The +ujarat Cement or/s plant I )as esta5lished in the (ear 4>>D and +ujarat

Cement or/s 3lant II )as esta5lished in the (ear 4>>E. Both the plants areengaged in the production of 3ortland cement. The plant has received a certification

from "% E888. This plant is situated in %mreli district< #ova(a. Both the plants has a

production capacit( of around E888 tonnes per da(.

u4a#at ement 5o#6s ,5/ has a capti%e 4ett enginee#e fo# e:po#ts. *cco#ingl! fo#

the past fi%e ea#s! 9ul6 cement has 9een e:po#te f#om 5 to $lt#aTech ement an6a

,)%t./ t! the g#oups 4oint %entu#e ,?C/ in S#i an6a.

12

12

http://www.ultratechcement.lk/index.htmlhttp://www.ultratechcement.lk/index.htmlhttp://www.ultratechcement.lk/index.htmlhttp://www.ultratechcement.lk/index.html

8/9/2019 Report GCW

13/34

The specifications of +C areF2

+ujarat Cement or/s is one of the single largest cement plants )ith anInstalled

capacit( to produce .; million tons of clin/er per annum.

It is the largest cement plants at a single location in the countr(.

The plant has a state of art technolog( featuring fu99( logic< A2-a( anal(9er and

C!M "C%,,!- to ensure optimum production and ?ualit(.

Main o5jective of the instrumentation department is to provide all the plants

parameters to the central control room for smooth operation and control of the

plant )ithout ma/ing an( compromise to the safet( of human and the

e?uipments.

3lant communication s(stem is also 5eing maintained 5( us so thatinformation

can 5e passed on as per the re?uirement.

Highlights of some of the other awards of GCW

plant are gien below:

!!"F Bharti(a Ud(og -atan %)ard presented to "h. #'3 #ul/arni B( Indian

!conomic &evelopment 1 -esearch %ssociation *I!&-%< ,e) &elhi

!!-!#F+reentech +old "afet( %)ard B( +reentech Goundation< ,e) &elhi

!!F+ujarat "tate "afet( %)ard B( +ujarat "afet( Council *+"C< 0adodaras

13

13

8/9/2019 Report GCW

14/34

8/9/2019 Report GCW

15/34

It is use fo# #oping the mate#ial f#om piles top to 9ottom. *n fo# that ha##o of C-shape is

use.

hain is use an it collects the mate#ial f#om g#oun su#face an put it on the con%ee# 9elt.

*fte# that this mate#ial goes to the *iti%e &ouse.

Additive House :-

&e#e! fi%e tpes of aiti%e mate#ials a#e ae in the lime stone to imp#o%e the

8/9/2019 Report GCW

16/34

kg

m Mm

s

kg

s M

1

1000 M 3;00

T

hr

0. A)"1 RAW (&%% :,

The#e a#e mainl th#ee units hich a#e ope#ate 9 ) sstem J

1/ &#aulic pannel unit2/ 'olle# lu9#icato# 3/ ea# unit

ne ta9le is continousl #otate ith the help of gea# mechanism hich is #i%en 9 moto#.

2. Continuos $low S&%" :,

It is use fo# sto#ing the 'a mate#ial.

apacit J 2!000 +at#ic Tonne

ates a#e use fo# e:t#acting the mate#ial f#om .8. Silo an this mate#ial goes to the )#e-

heate#.

*i# 9u99ling is gi%en f#om the 9ottom an so that homogeneous mate#ial can 9e o9taine.

3. A)"1 C"A% (&%% :,

In this mill to tpes of coal a#e use J

1/ South *f#ican lignite coal ,costl/2/ Inian peat coal ,cheape#/

16

16

8/9/2019 Report GCW

17/34

The coal is c#ushe an then it is fe to the Bean of the oal mill ith the help of con%ee#

9elt.

&ensors used in Ato% Coal 1ill :-

') /oad cell :-

&e#e! th#ee loa cell a#e use at 120.

apa#t f#om each othe#. This loa cell measu#es the

eight of the 9ean an gi%es the signal to the ) in m%. 5ith the help of this th#ee loa

cell e can also get the position 9ean.

4. C5C%"' !R#,H#A)#R :,

In this fiel the #a mate#ial comes f#om the sto#age 9ean ich is locate at the uppe# sie.

&e#e! the mate#ial is in the poe# fo#m.

In the p#e-heate# the#e a#e to iffe#ent st#eams a#e the#e J

1. Kiln st#eam an2. alcine# st#eam

In this total ; iffe#ent #eacto#s a#e the#e. In hich f#om the 9ottom sie the hot gaes a#e passing an f#om the uppe# sie the mate#ial is folling. So! this ill lift the mate#ial. So! this

is also 6non as 2iser 3uct

In the p#e-heate# the temp. of the mate#ial goes upto the E00 to E0. . this is finall fe into

the 6iln.

6. 7&%' :,

In cement inust#ies the KI" is 9asicall use fo# heating the #a mate#ial coming f#om p#e-heate#. In the 6iln the mate#ial is heate upto the 100.

an clin6e# is fo#me.

17

17

8/9/2019 Report GCW

18/34

The p#o-p#ocessing stage is gene#all #ega#e as the hea#t of the cement-ma6ing p#ocess.

1. It is the stage in hich most of the ope#ating costs of cement manufactu#e appea#.

2. The#efo#e the stage he#e most of the oppo#tunities fo# p#ocess imp#o%ement e:ist.

Construction:-

The 6iln is 7 m long an it ha%e .7 m iamete#. The 6iln is suppo#te on th#ee tpes of

2 #olle#s each.

18

18

8/9/2019 Report GCW

19/34

It #otates at a spee of - #pm.

The 9u#ning one tempe#atu#e in 6iln is a#oun 100-100o.

)ul%e#ie coal is use as fuel in 6iln an calcine#.

Camera for Analysis:-

The came#a #e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

20/34

The airstreams to first grates is ver( po)erful so that clin/er is )ell distri5uted across

the entire )idth of the grates. This )ill prevent clin/er from 5eing 5ac/ed together

at ver( high temperature.

The air flo) is adjusted so that clin/er is /ept 5u55ling on surface of la(er. ence<

heat recuperation )ill 5e optimi9ed.

The cooling of the clin/er cooler e@haust gases flo)ing inside the heat e@changer

tu5es ta/es place using a@ial fans< )hich suc/ in am5ient air that flo)s around the

outsides of the cooling tu5es.

Important to the process is a carefull( implemented control and safet( concept< so

that the heat e@changer can protect the filter 5ags 5( promptl( reacting to upset

operation.

Clin$er coolers perform t!e function of :-

N T#anspo#ting clin6e# f#om the 6iln to the clin6e# eli%e# sstemN ooling the clin6e# to a safe tempe#atu#e fo# su9se

8/9/2019 Report GCW

21/34

..2 &"/O :-

In this silo clin6e# is sto#e. Its capacit is 1. ac +T.

Clin$er &ilo :-

It has a sto#age capacit of 0. ac +T.

&toc$ pile :-

It has a sto#age capacit of 0.7 ac +T.

8eeing ci#cuit fo# clin6e# is i%ie into th#ee sections J

1/ 8eeing to ?ett

2/ 8eeing to mills

8eeing of aiti%es also i%ie into to sections J

1/ 8eeing to cement mill.

2/ 8eeing to mills th#ough pi%otal pan con%eo#.

The#e a#e 2 Belt con%eo#s! eep pan con%eo#s F 1 pi%oting pan con%eo# in feeing

ci#cuit.

-. C#(#') (&%% :,

In this plant total cement mills a#e use fo# p#oucing the cement. The clin6e# comes f#om

the pete# silo th#ough the con%ee# 9elt. In this clin6e# acco#ing to the tpe of cement limestone an gpsem a#e ae. This mate#ial is st#oe in the 9ean ith the help of 9uc6et

ele%ato#. *fte# that this mate#ial is passe to the #olle# p#ess. &e#e! fi#st of all mate#ial is

passe th#ough the C shape sto#age. This is use to #euse the spee of the mate#ial. Then!

the mate#ial is c#ushe in the #olle# p#ess. &e#e! the pa#tical sie epens the istance 9eteen

to #olle#s. In this #olle# p#ess one #olle# is stationa# an secon one is #otating. The mate#ial

coming out of the #olle# p#ess is gi%en to the Ball p#ess. In this 9all p#ess iffe#ent sie of the

9alls a#e use ! this maintains the #e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

22/34

BUC4. .//"5AO2 :-

*s the name inicates these a#e use to ele%ate mate#ial %e#ticall. The 9uc6et ele%ato#

mate#ial comes f#om the silo an it is sto#e in the Bean.

Buc6et (le%ato#

&ensors used in t!e Buc$et .levator :-

1. Boot le%el inication2. Oe#o spee senso# 3. Sa sitch

0."GH 6..3.2 :-

In the cement mill mainl th#ee eight feee#s a#e use J

1. 8o# aing gpsem ,In this %i9#ato# is also use/2. 8o# aing fl ash3. 8o# aing clin6e#

In the cement mill to tpes of p#ess a#e use 8o# g#ining of clin6e# to fo#m cement

folloing technologies a#e a%aila9le J

' 2oller press :-

22

22

8/9/2019 Report GCW

23/34

The g#ining action emplos much g#eate# st#ess on mate#ial than in 9all mill! F is the#e fo#e

mo#e efficient .(ne#g consumption is tpicall half that of a 9all mill. In the #olle# p#ess

sepa#ato# is also use fo# sction of the fine pa#ticals. *n in the 9elt con%ee#s ?)8 F I)8

fans a#e use fo# collecting the ust. This ust is once again mi:e ith the fine mate#ial in

the 9elt. In ?)8 fan filte#s a#e use ich collects the ust an then 9 appling ai# p#essu#ethis ust is mi:e ith the fine mate#ial.

&hgh46

&#aulic )#essu#e

'olle# )#ess

* Ball press :-

These a#e iel use fo# cement g#ining. The out put achie%e 9 a 9all mill sstem %a#ies

ith the mill poe#! the fineness of the p#ouct F the ha#ness of the clin6e#. *s a #ule of

thum9! the ene#g #e of c#itical spee ! e ha%e mill hich ope#ates at 1.GG ')+.

3"5.2.2 :-

&oppe#

'otating

#olle#

Stationa#

#olle#

23

23

8/9/2019 Report GCW

24/34

DIC('T('

If an metal is etecte in the metal sepa#ato# than the i%e#ting gate ill 9e ope#ate an that

mate#ial is i%e#te th#ough the i%e#ting pipe. *n this mate#ial is sto#e in the #e4ect 9ean.

1.A/ &.A2AO2 :-

8ine +ate#ial

+ate#ial Inlet

'e4ecte +ate#ial +angnetic 8iel

&ensors used in cement mill :-

24

24

8/9/2019 Report GCW

25/34

1. CDTIt is use in the measu#ement of the position of the #olle#s.

2. oa cell3. Tachomete# . +etal etecte#

. Spee lo senso# ;. 'TD7. )#essu#e t#ansuse# G. )#o: senso#

'' AC4"NG /AN :-

In pac6ing plant mate#ial comes f#om iffe#ent silos acco#ing to the tpe of cement to 9e

fo#me. *n this mate#ial is sto#e in the 9ean. 5ith the help of 7 solenoi %al%e mate#ial is

e:t#acte f#om the 9ean an it is t#ansfe##e to the 9uc6et ele%ato#. 8#om the 9uc6et ele%ato#

mate#ial goes to the 9ean of the pac6e#. *t the 9ottom sie of the 9ean ai# 9lo is p#o%ie

in o#e# to get the continuos flo of the mate#ial an also to a%oi the 9loc6ing of the

mate#ial.

&e#e! to tpes of cements a#e p#ouce J

1. ) ,#ina# )o#tlan ement/2. )) ,)oolana )o#tlan ement/

In this tpe of cement fl ash is use. 8l ash is sto#e in the silo hich comes f#om

the The#mal poe# plant an othe# sou#ces.

In pac6ing plant the#e a#e fi%e pac6e#s J ,1/. 8ou# +echanical )ac6e#s an

,2/. ne (lect#onic )ac6e#.

25

25

8/9/2019 Report GCW

26/34

Both this pac6e#s mo%es ith a spee of 2.#pm. *n it p#ouces 1G00 9ags pe# h#. *ll the

9ags a#e of 0 6g eight. In all the 9ags 200g mo#e o# less eight can 9e pe#missi9le.

" 1ec!anical ac$er :-

In this tpe of pac6e# 0 6g loa is place at the uppe# sie an the 9ag eight is compa#e

ith this eight. 5hen the 9ag eight 9ecomes e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

27/34

It contains 12 slots an it has to ischa#ge lines. In this tpe of pac6e# C8D ,Ca#ia9le

8#e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

28/34

Bag ounting Senso#

&nstruments used in Cement

&ndustry :,

A ro%imity sensor :-

* p#o:imit senso# is a senso# a9le to etect the p#esence of nea#9 o94ects ithout an

phsical contact.

* p#o:imit senso# often emits an elect#omagnetic fiel o# a 9eam of elect#omagnetic

#aiation ,inf#a#e! fo# instance/! an loo6s fo# changes in the fiel o# #etu#n signal. The

o94ect 9eing sense is often #efe##e to as the p#o:imit senso#@s ta#get. Diffe#ent p#o:imit senso# ta#gets eman iffe#ent senso#s. 8o# e:ample! a capaciti%e photoelect#ic

28

28

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_proximity_sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_proximity_sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_sensor

8/9/2019 Report GCW

29/34

senso# might 9e suita9le fo# a plastic ta#getQ an inucti%e p#o:imit senso# alas #e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

30/34

• 'eflection of ionising #aiation

• Sona# ,tpicall acti%e o# passi%e/

O.2A"NG 2"NC"/.& J-

' "nductive 7 Capacitive :-

Thei# ope#ating p#inciple is 9ase on a high f#e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

31/34

5oo 0. : Sn

2.!otoelectric :-

These senso#s use light sensiti%e elements to etect o94ects an a#e mae up of an emitte#

,light sou#ce/ an a #ecei%e#. Th#ee tpes of photoelect#ic senso#s a#e a%aila9le. Di#ect

'eflection - emitte# an #ecei%e# a#e house togethe# an uses the light #eflecte i#ectl off

the o94ect fo# etection. 'eflection ith 'eflecto# - emitte# an #ecei%e# a#e house togethe#

an #e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

32/34

the# tpes inclue pieoelect#ic loa cells ,useful fo# namic measu#ements of fo#ce/! an

%i9#ating i#e loa cells! hich a#e useful in geomechanical applications ue to lo

amounts of #ift! an capaciti%e loa cells he#e the capacitance of a capacito# changes as

the loa p#eses the to plates of a capacito# close# togethe#.

(%e# loa cell is su94ect to R#ingingR hen su94ecte to a9#upt loa changes. This stems

f#om the sp#ing-li6e 9eha%io# of loa cells. In o#e# to measu#e the loas! the ha%e to

efo#m. *s such! a loa cell of finite stiffness must ha%e sp#ing-li6e 9eha%io#! e:hi9iting

%i9#ations at its natu#al f#e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

33/34

• *pp#o%al #e

8/9/2019 Report GCW

34/34

containe#s 9ecause of g#a%it he#eas most 9ul6 solis pile at an angle of #epose to a pea6.

The su9stance to 9e measu#e can 9e insie a containe# o# can 9e in its natu#al fo#m. The

le%el measu#ement can 9e eithe# continuous o# point %alues. ontinuous le%el senso#s

measu#e le%el ithin a specifie #ange an ete#mine the e:act amount of su9stance in a

ce#tain place! hile point-le%el senso#s onl inicate hethe# the su9stance is a9o%e o# 9elo the sensing point. ene#all the latte# etect le%els that a#e e:cessi%el high o# lo.

The#e a#e man phsical an application %a#ia9les that affect the selection of the optimal

le%el monito#ing metho fo# inust#ial an comme#cial p#ocesses. The selection c#ite#ia

inclue the phsicalJ phase ,li

Documents

Report GCW