Public Administration a branch o !olitical science dealing
!rimarily with the structure and wor"ings o agencies charged with
the administration o governmental unctions.
#$%L&C#$%L&C
reers to two thingsreers to two things
The interaction of
the organisms of
'
&m!ortance o the tas" o the&m!ortance o the tas" o
the
'dministrator'dministrator
he environment hel!s to determine the alternatives on the
basis o1 which business decisions are made and also a1ects the
value systems which su!!ly the criteria or choosing among these
alternatives.
-obert '. Gordon and 2ames E. 3owell
+tudy o the Environment is+tudy o the Environment is
&m!ortant&m!ortant
Clearly the e4ecutive and his organi5ation may both beneft rom the
e4!erience di6culties with their relationshi!s to the environment.
'mong the !ractical benefts o the environment is the way it
challenges and stimulates the individual.
(alton E. )c7arland
mindmind
&t is !art o the e4ecutive res!onsibility to be alert to orces
in the e4ternal environment that a1ects the organi5ation and its
goals. Organi5ations develo! ada!tive mechanisms and structural
devices or co!ing with these environmental actors and relating them
to the internal !rocess o management.
(alton E. )c7arland
environmentenvironment
)c7arland says
)c7arland re!orted
Educational ConstraintEducational Constraint
's seen by 3arold <oont5 and Cyril O0(onnell, there is always
the !henomenon o a shortage o educational brain !ower. hey claim
that the characteristics o a society, the !resence o literacy
level, the availability o s!eciali5ed vocational training, higher
education, and management develo!ment !rogram could lessen its
education motives.
14
Legal#olitical ConstraintLegal#olitical Constraint
)ost organi5ations, i not all are governed by laws that are
e4tremely com!licated. hese laws usually a!!ly to !ersonnel
administration.
9hile these laws were designed to guide the administrator in the
management o the organi5ation, in some instances, they ham!er the
attainment o its administrative e6ciency.
'dministration is not only based on laws but also on human
relations. &t re=uires, thereore, "nowledge about !eo!le to
ma"e legality !racticable.
1'
+ocioCultural Constraint+ocioCultural Constraint
%roadly +!ea"ing, we are recogni5ing that man is 8ust a subsystem o
the universe and that his actions may have signifcant adverse
im!lications or his environment, other living organisms and all o
man"ind.
2ohnson, <ast and -osen5weig
Economic ConstraintEconomic Constraint
Economic stability is a signifcant variable. &t is acce!ted by
many that money is the lieblood o any organi5ation.%y that alone,
it is clear that it is an economic environmental actor.
$tili5ation o !roduction actors, as <oont5 and O0(onnell !iont
out, is also an economic environmental matter o great
signifcance.
1+
+ection >, 'rticle &&&, entitled %ills o
-ights
*o law shall be made res!ecting an establishment o religion, o
!rohibiting the ree e4ercise thereo. he ree e4ercise and en8oyment
o religious !roession and worshi!, without discrimination or
!reerence, shall orever be allowed. *o religious test shall be
re=uired or the e4ercise o civil or !olitical rights.
1(
he #ressure behind all organi5ations is the reali5ation that
no individual can live and wor" by himsel. 9hile he wants to be
inde!endent, he cannot com!letely detach himsel rom others.
2ose #. Leveri5a
