Report Audit Mush final Eng - nature-ic.am

RA Ministry of Nature Protection

“Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799

REPORT

Energy Audit

in the multi‐ apartment building # 2

Mush‐2 district, Gyumri, Republic of Armenia

Experts Artur Tsughunyan (Contract: LTA No: 2011 ‐ 011) Tigran Sekoyan (Contract: IC No: 2012 ‐ 024)

Yerevan 2012

Developed for: “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP‐GEF/00059937 Project

The purpose of the task is to perform energy audit (study) of the selected multi‐apartment building, compile energy passport of the building, analyze its energy consumption and thermal‐techical indicators. The selected buildling wil serve as base line for assessment of energy performance of demonstration building in Akhuryan community of Shirak marz.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP‐GEF/00059937 Project Address: Government bld.#3, room #549, , Republic square, Yerevan, 0010, Armenia Tel.: (+374 10) 58 39 32, 58 39 20 Fax: (+374 10) 58 39 33 Web‐site:` www.nature‐ic.am E‐mail: [email protected]

1 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799

Contents The methodology used ........................................................................................................................... 2

General information about the building ................................................................................................. 5

Building envelope.................................................................................................................................... 5

Consumption and metering of fuel/energy ............................................................................................ 6

Analysis of the building’s energy indicators ........................................................................................... 7

Energy passport ...................................................................................................................................... 9

Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 10

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................. 11

Annex 1. Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................ 11

Annex 2. Graphical representations and averaged datas on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed during the study period ............................................ 12

Annex 3. Building technical passport .................................................................................................... 30

Annex 4. Building envelope details ....................................................................................................... 32

Annex 5. Energy Consumption in building, broken down by the type of end uses for every appartment ........................................................................................................................................... 33

Annex 6. Information about household heating appliances................................................................. 40

Annex 7. Study and calculation of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope . 41

Annex 8. Building energy passport ....................................................................................................... 45

Annex 9. Energy efficiency label ........................................................................................................... 50

Drawings ............................................................................................................................................... 52

Drawing 1. Location of building ............................................................................................................ 52

Drawing 2. The general plan of the building ......................................................................................... 53


The goal and implementation procedure of the energy audit

The goal of the energy audit is to conduct an energy efficiency study of a multi‐

apartment building, to prepare an energy passport of the building and to make an analysis

of the energy consumption and thermal and technical indicators of the building.

The multi‐apartment building # 2 in “Mush‐2” district of the city of Gyumri was

selected as an object of the study because one of the demo designs of the UNDP‐GEF

Project is going to be implemented in the building under construction with the same 4A type

standard design and in the same climate zone in the community of Akhurian in Shirak

region. The selected building will serve as a baseline for the evaluation of the results of the

demo building design.

The following was undertaken during the energy audit:

a) Visual inspection,

b) Collection and evaluation of preliminary data; preparation of a technical passport

of the building,

c) Parameters instrumental measurement and calculation,

d) Analysis of the building energy performance indicators,

e) Compose the energy passport of the building,

f) Putting together and summing up a conclusion,

g) Drawing up a report of the energy audit.

The methodology applied

At present the main norm‐setting legal Act that regulates energy efficiency sphere in

the Republic of Armenia is the “Procedure for Energy Audit” approved by the Armenian

Government Decree 1399‐N on August 31, 2006 and revised by Decree 1105‐N on August 4,

2011, a multi‐sector (intended primarily for production enterprises), including in terms of

evaluation of the use of fuel and energy resources in a building There are also standards of

Armenia, the list of which is presented in Annex 1. At present, the methodology for

undertaking an Energy Audit in the buildings is non‐existent.

Energy efficiency parameters to be addressed during the building design and

construction stages are set in RA Construction Norms RACN II‐7.02‐95 “Construction

thermophysics of building envelope; design norms” (CNMII‐7.102‐98 “Manual on RACNII‐

70.2‐95 Construction thermophysics of building envelope”).


The primary and most important issue in enhancing energy efficiency of buildings is

introduction of the buildings energy passports system (the idea of which is not included in

the RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95), whereas preparing an energy passport of the

building and determining an energy efficiency category (energy efficiency certificate) on that

basis are among main goals of an Energy Audit.

The absence of an energy passport of the building is equal to energy consumption

without metering. Therefore it is necessary to bring construction norms in line with the

requirements of the harmonized and revised versions of the Inter‐Governmental Building

Code on thermal protection of buildings (MSN 24‐01‐2011 “Thermal Protection of

Buildings”) and of the EU standards, while at the same time to set up a full‐fledged

competent body for certification of persons undertaking Energy Audits and to design

standard report forms for Energy Audits in buildings.

An energy passport incorporates all the necessary parameters for assessing energy

performance of the building. An energy passport of a residential building is intended for

certifying compliance of the building energy efficiency specific performance as well as of

other specific indicators and building envelope thermo protective qualities with indicators

required by norms.

An energy passport is composed at buildings’ design, reconstruction, renovation,

inspection, putting into operation, and energy efficiency category determination

(classification) stages. An energy passport of the building already in operation (as built) is

prepared on the basis of the findings of an energy audit (as well as on the basis of technical

stocktaking, factual studies and measurements).

Within the framework of the “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP‐

GEF/00059937 Project, targeted activities are consistently carried out with a view to solving

the problem of energy efficiency of multi‐apartment buildings, in particular:

• Elimination of existing obstacles in the legal framework,

• Establishment of enforcement mechanisms that stimulate the application of

relevant legislation, which sets energy efficient construction requirements,

• Creation of a statistical and qualitative data base on energy consumption,

• Elaboration of norms and legal Acts for certification and methodologies for

conducting energy audit


• Elaboration/improvement of standards and calculation methodology for

assessment of energy performance.

The following preliminary activities were undertaken during the energy audit in

multi‐apartment building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri. Residents received

appropriate written notifications about the study.

Questionnaires were drawn up, which were filled out simultaneously with the

installation of temperature‐recording portable devices (HOBO data loggers) in each

apartment. A copy of the questionnaire is presented in Annex 2.

Energy use data were collected at the site on the basis of natural gas and electric

energy meters readings and of the utilities bills presented by residents.

In the course of the study (that was undertaken from 20 November 2011 to 26

January 2012) 51 temperature‐ and air relative humidity‐recording portable devices (HOBO

Data Loggers) were installed in the building’s apartments and outside surroundings. The

recorded data was used as a basis for calculating air temperature in particular spaces, areas,

rooms, entirely inside the apartments and building; relative humidity of air and the dew

point temperatures were registered randomly/selectively. The averaged data, which were

collected through those devices, and their graphical representation, broken down by

apartments, are comprised in Annex 3. The averaged picture for heated apartments is

presented in Fig.3.

Fig. 1. External look of the devices that record temperature and relative humidity of air (HOBO)


General information about the building

The design of the building is typical and replicable. It is a 4 storey building with a

ferroconcrete load‐bearing frame, 3 entrances, 2.177 square meters of total surface area

and 36 (1, 2 and 3 room) apartments. The building was constructed within the framework of

the State housing program for the families that lost their homes as a result of the 1988

earthquake. The building was put into operation in 2010.

The building location plan is presented in Drawing 1.

The building is managed by “Gyumri kentron” condominium, which has a territorial

office in the district. All apartments are electricity, natural gas and water consumers;

however, not all of them are equipped with permanent individual stationary devices for

heating and/or for hot water supply.

The technical passport of the building is presented in Annex 4.

The general plan of the building (by floors, main area dimensions, etc.) is presented

in Drawing 2.

In terms of the construction quality, residents’ discontent was primarily over

humidity in apartments’ walls, windows and ceilings (caused by various construction‐ and

operation‐related defects) as well as failure of heating devices, sanitary ware and

malfunctioning of smoke ducts and sewage system.

Some apartments in the building were renovated and reconstructed; that was taken

into consideration during the study.

Building envelope

Gyumri is one of the coldest locations in Armenia. A standard length of a heating

season is 188 days; outdoor design temperature is – 250 C. An average outdoor design

temperature over the heating season is – 2.40 C; the number of degree‐days is 4.211.

The required values of the heat transfer resistance of envelopes in the buildings that

are constructed in such climatic zone are presented in Table 1.


Table 1. The required values of the heat transfer resistance of building envelope

Building envelope The required values (0C . m2 /W)

Under RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95

Under IGCN 24‐01‐2011

Walls 3.08 2.87 Roofs and coverings that insulate from outdoor air

4.31 4.31

Coverings of cold basements and attic floors

4.01 3.80

Windows, balcony doors 0.47 0.47

According to the design, external walls of the buildings are 3‐layer and made of 200

mm and 100 mm‐thick reinforced concrete blocks; a 150‐mm airspace layer between them

is filled with scoria that has bulk density of about 400 kg/m3.

Double glazed windows and external (balcony, entrance) doors are locally produced

and have 60 mm‐wide metal‐plastic frames.

The thermal insulation for the upper floor (attic) ceiling covering was envisaged to be

a 300 mm‐thick layer of scoria; however, in reality a 20 mm‐thick layer of foam plastic and

up to 100 mm‐thick layer of scoria were installed.

The building does not have a basement. Thermal insulation is not envisaged for

pillars and beams inside external walls and for balconies’ concrete slabs. The details of the

external envelope of the building are presented in Annex 5.

Consumption and metering of fuel/energy

Consumption of all fuel/energy (electricity and natural gas) in the building is metered

at an apartment level.

The analysis of actual consumption of fuel/energy in the building (according to the

data for years 2010‐2011) shows that annually heating accounted for the largest share

(50%) of fuel/energy consumption followed by hot water supply (24%), cooking (10%) and

lighting and household appliances (16%).


Fig. 2. Consumption of fuel/energy in the building, broken down by the type of end uses

Data on fuel/energy consumption broken down by types and apartments are

presented in Annex 6.

Heating is mainly implemented with individual boilers using natural gas (78%), also

with various types of electric heaters (16%) and gas stoves, etc. (6%).

Hot water for household needs is primarily obtained through individual gas boilers

(86.2%), gas stoves (9.6%) and electric devices (4.2%). Data on heating devices installed in

apartments are presented in Annex 7.

Home lighting in all apartments is done primarily with incandescent light bulbs, while

the use of energy‐saving light bulbs is negligible.

Analysis of the building’s energy indicators

A comfort level of heating of the entire building is as low as 43%. Actual inside air

temperature (considering the entire building) was measured and calculated to be 6.90C

(portable devices were not installed in the entrances; however, measurements were taken

during visits; according to those measurements, an average temperature was +10C)

compared to the required norm of 19.40C (the required norms for apartments and

entrances are 200C and 160C respectively). The reason is residents’ insolvency and social

vulnerability. There are 13 apartments that are not heated (not currently inhabited)

Thermometers (HOBO data loggers) were placed in one of those 13 apartments and the

data registered by the thermometers were averaged and projected for the other not heated

apartments.

50%

16%

24%

10%

heating lighting, household appliances hot water cooking


Data on actual and required standard temperatures and comfort levels in

apartments and staircases are presented below in Table 2.

Apartments in the building are for the most part heated partially, with only kitchen

or one room heated (in some apartments there is no partition between the kitchen and the

room; they are separated from each other by pieces of furniture placed by residents).

Table 2. Data on temperatures in various areas of the building

Areas of the building Volume, in m3

Average temperature °C

Actual Required

Apartments 4,935 7.6 20

Apartments and staircases 5,519 6.9 19.4

Heated apartments (16) 2,172 11.7 20

Partially heated apartments (7) 1,030 5.2 20

Not heated apartments (13*) 1,733 3.9 20

* The apartments were considered as not heated if their average monthly energy consumption in winter did not exceed their average monthly energy consumption in summer

Fig. 3. Graphical representation of averaged data on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed

Data on adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of the external envelope of the

building were obtained in several ways:

• by a calculation method, as per design and recorded values (energy passport),

• by a device (of the SENSMEE STM200U type) for measuring heat transfer in building

envelope,

• By retrospective calculation, as per data, which are averaged for the building, on

consumption of fuel/energy for heating in the building (readings of natural gas and

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

OC

time

Inside air temperature in apartments

kitchen

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

living room

corridor


electric meters) and on temperatures measured in various areas of the building with

HOBO devices.

Also research was done using Testo 875‐2 thermal infrared camera.

Fig. 4. External look of Testo 875‐2 thermal infrared camera

Study results and calculations on adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of the

external envelope of the building are presented in Annex 8.

Energy passport

Values of comprehensive energy efficiency and thermal technical indicators are stated in four rows in an energy passport of the building:

Required values

Indicators’ values as to RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95 “Construction thermophysics of building envelopes; design norms.” under a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)

Design values Indicators’ values set by the design for a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)

Actual normalized values

Indicators’ values set by as built constructed building and a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)

Actual values Indicators’ values set by as built constructed building and a actual comfort level

The energy passport of the building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri is presented in Annex 9.


Summary and Conclusions

• The values of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of all external constructions of the building envelope do not meet the required norms.

• Heat losses from the building envelope (by construction types) are not distributed equally; there are numerous thermal bridges.

• Occupancy rate of the building (apartments operating during the heating season) is 65%, with 44% being entirely heated and 21% partially. 35% of the apartments in the building currently are not occupied and not heated, thereby lowering the comfort level in the entire building.

• Common‐use areas are not heated either; however, due to doors and windows in the halls the temperature is around +10C.

• Annually, primary energy consumption in the building is as follows: heating (50%), hot water supply (24%), lighting, household appliances and office equipment (16%), and cooking (10%).

• Heating is provided through individual boilers using natural gas (78%), various types of electric heating devices (16%) and gas stoves (6%).

• An actual comfort level of heating in the building (including common‐use areas) is 43% of the required standard value.

• The amount of energy used for heating under the existing, lower‐than‐required level of comfort in the building and given the actual (R‐value) would suffice to ensure a 100% comfort level in case the required values of heat transfer resistance are secured.

• The potential for primary energy saving in heating the building (the difference between the actual normalized values and the required values) will amount to 234,080 kWh/year (for 92% of thermal efficiency for boilers and for 8,000 kcal/nm3 calorific value of natural gas) or to 25,200 nm3 of natural gas per year or 28.7 tons of equivalent fuel per year.

• The potential for CO2 emissions reduction will be 48 tons annually.

• Energy performance class of the building is D (as to IGCN 24‐01‐2011 “Thermal protection of buildings”), i.e. it is desirable that the building should be reconstructed since designing a building of that category is impermissible [According to the Armenian standard based on the European standard EN 15217:2007, it corresponds to energy performance class G, which is used to designate building with the lowest energy performance]. The energy certificates of the building are presented in Annex 10.


Annexes

Annex 1.

Questionnaire

Questions Answers

1 City 2 Name 3 Phone 4 Address 5 Apartment 6 Floor 7 Аpartment heating season beginning 8 Apartment area 9 Residents number

10 Heating type (natural gas, electricity etc.)

11 Heating appliance type, performance 12 Heating appliance power 13 Number of heated rooms

14 Number of radiator by rooms

15 Hot water production

16 Fuel type used for cooking 17 Additional thermal insulation 18 Additional heating appliances/power/fuel type

Meter reading Beginning of study End of the study

19 Natural gas

20 Electricity 21 Water


Annex 2.

Graphical representations and averaged datas on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed during the study period

Apartment 3

Kitchen Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Living room

Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C 0:00 11.37 9.93 8.86 11.09 2:00 11.16 9.86 8.77 10.86 4:00 11.03 9.81 8.72 10.74 6:00 10.95 9.76 8.68 10.67 8:00 11.55 9.81 8.76 11.11 10:00 11.16 9.79 8.65 10.80 12:00 11.08 9.93 8.69 10.79 14:00 11.12 10.12 8.86 10.85 16:00 11.57 10.45 9.11 11.09 18:00 11.71 10.15 9.04 11.48 20:00 11.65 10.03 8.89 11.58 22:00 11.53 9.97 8.83 11.51 average 11.32 9.97 8.82 11.05

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

OC

time

Temperature

Kitchen

Bedroom 1

Bedroom 2

Living room


Apartment 4

Living Room, kitchen Bedroom

Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C 00:00 13.57 49.05 3.33 12.73 39.42 ‐0.44

02:00 12.23 49.52 2.22 12.16 40.77 ‐0.49

04:00 11.44 49.18 1.4 11.86 41.57 ‐0.5

06:00 10.94 48.98 0.88 11.63 41.98 ‐0.58

08:00 10.57 48.82 0.5 11.4 42.19 ‐0.71

10:00 11.89 50.58 2.12 12.05 40.94 ‐0.54

12:00 13.01 52.97 3.81 12.6 40.02 ‐0.36

14:00 13.25 50.63 3.43 13.3 39.23 0

16:00 13.38 50.07 3.42 13.79 38.68 0.25

18:00 13.41 50.26 3.48 13.45 38.78 ‐0.02

20:00 13.77 50.4 3.86 13.12 38.85 ‐0.29

22:00 14.06 50.53 4.17 13.02 38.78 ‐0.41

average 12.63 50.08 2.72 12.59 40.10 ‐0.34

10.0011.0012.0013.0014.0015.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living Room, kitchen

Bedroom

333843485358

%

time

Relative Humidity


Bedroom


Apartment 5

Kitchen Corridor Living room Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 18.21 15.29 16.73 2:00 15.38 13.41 14.29 4:00 13.98 12.64 12.73 6:00 12.99 12.16 12.17 8:00 12.32 11.74 11.76 10:00 19.31 13.40 11.84 12:00 20.09 14.92 14.68 14:00 19.57 15.50 16.41 16:00 19.43 15.72 16.94 18:00 19.94 15.97 17.19 20:00 19.10 16.04 16.96 22:00 18.06 15.97 17.04 average 17.36 14.40 14.90

‐1012345

OC

time

Dew Point


Bedroom

10.0012.0014.0016.0018.0020.0022.00

OC

time

Temperature

Kitchen

Corridor

Living room


Apartment 6

Bedroom 1 Living room Bedroom 2 Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 7.57 47.10 ‐2.69 3.46 3.01 2:00 7.53 46.98 ‐2.76 3.30 2.97 4:00 7.47 46.86 ‐2.85 3.12 2.93 6:00 7.41 46.73 ‐2.95 3.01 2.90 8:00 7.33 46.55 ‐3.07 2.95 2.86 10:00 7.30 46.41 ‐3.14 3.05 2.88 12:00 7.37 46.40 ‐3.08 3.48 3.03 14:00 7.57 46.53 ‐2.86 3.69 3.25 16:00 7.84 46.73 ‐2.56 3.69 3.49 18:00 7.78 46.67 ‐2.63 3.60 3.38 20:00 7.59 46.82 ‐2.75 3.53 3.14 22:00 7.54 46.93 ‐2.76 3.49 3.06 average 7.53 46.73 ‐2.84 3.36 3.07

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room

Bedroom 1

Bedroom 2

46.20

46.40

46.60

46.80

47.00

47.20

%

time

Relative Humidity

Bedroom 1


Apartment 7

Kitchen Bedroom Living room Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C

0:00 14.85 16.22 16.23 57.30 7.92 2:00 13.48 15.17 14.69 57.32 6.51 4:00 12.54 14.01 13.64 58.08 5.69 6:00 11.99 13.47 13.03 58.35 5.18 8:00 11.56 13.20 12.55 58.35 4.73 10:00 11.94 12.90 12.98 59.94 5.50 12:00 14.06 14.75 15.47 62.20 8.33 14:00 14.44 16.05 15.79 60.97 8.35 16:00 14.71 16.43 16.18 63.40 9.20 18:00 14.97 16.74 16.39 63.15 9.38 20:00 15.58 16.20 16.85 60.59 9.28 22:00 15.30 16.11 16.47 58.48 8.43 average 13.78 15.10 15.02 59.85 7.38

‐3.20

‐3.00

‐2.80

‐2.60

‐2.40

OC

time

Dew Point

Bedroom 1

11.00

13.00

15.00

17.00

19.00

OC

time

Temperature

Kitchen

Bedroom

Living room


Apartment 12

Bedroom 1 Kitchen, Living room Bedroom 2 Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 12.06 74.50 7.71 12.62 11.07 2:00 11.57 75.50 7.42 12.06 10.87 4:00 11.13 76.79 7.22 10.90 10.19 6:00 10.93 77.26 7.11 10.00 9.74 8:00 10.85 77.58 7.08 9.46 9.45 10:00 10.90 77.97 7.20 9.74 9.37 12:00 11.09 76.48 7.12 10.70 9.57 14:00 11.20 74.95 6.95 11.17 10.00 16:00 11.09 74.65 6.79 10.59 9.93 18:00 11.08 74.74 6.80 10.55 9.94 20:00 11.53 75.94 7.44 11.70 10.17 22:00 12.07 75.36 7.87 12.52 10.75 average 11.29 75.98 7.22 11.00 10.09

55.00

57.00

59.00

61.00

63.00

65.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

Living room

3.50

5.50

7.50

9.50

11.50

OC

time

Dew Point

Living room


9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

OC

time

Temperature

Bedroom 1

Kitchen, Living room

Bedroom 2

72.0073.0074.0075.0076.0077.0078.0079.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

Bedroom 1

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

OC

time

Dew Point

Bedroom 1


Apartment 13

Living room Kitchen Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C

0:00 12.01 58.31 4.31 10.41 75.90 6.35 2:00 10.68 58.65 3.13 9.24 76.56 5.34 4:00 9.79 59.66 2.52 8.67 76.68 4.80 6:00 9.23 60.44 2.17 8.28 76.67 4.42 8:00 8.86 61.08 1.96 8.15 76.35 4.22 10:00 9.41 60.86 2.43 11.24 73.87 6.78 12:00 9.38 61.56 2.55 10.06 76.40 6.10 14:00 10.76 60.67 3.66 11.73 75.98 7.59 16:00 11.67 59.11 4.17 11.74 77.66 7.88 18:00 12.04 58.60 4.40 11.44 81.03 8.19 20:00 12.21 58.71 4.59 11.35 77.27 7.48 22:00 12.13 58.80 4.53 12.96 74.05 8.42 average 10.68 59.70 3.37 10.44 76.54 6.46

8.009.0010.0011.0012.0013.0014.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room

Kitchen

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

Living room

Kitchen


Apartment 14

Bedroom Corridor Living room Kitchen Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C

0:00 14.73 17.43 16.80 65.86 10.54 17.96 2:00 14.53 17.19 16.13 64.93 9.70 17.66 4:00 14.50 17.05 15.63 64.71 9.17 17.42 6:00 14.45 16.94 15.35 64.54 8.87 17.24 8:00 14.39 16.86 15.15 64.34 8.64 17.14 10:00 14.35 16.83 15.04 64.35 8.53 17.06 12:00 14.55 16.87 15.18 65.65 8.94 17.43 14:00 14.70 17.06 15.55 66.99 9.58 17.86 16:00 14.74 17.05 15.81 67.04 9.84 17.73 18:00 14.76 17.26 15.92 67.26 9.99 18.13 20:00 14.89 17.59 16.41 67.27 10.46 18.37 22:00 14.89 17.51 16.70 66.54 10.59 18.10 average 14.62 17.14 15.81 65.79 9.57 17.68

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

OC

time

Dew Point

Living room

Kitchen

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

OC

time

Temperature

Bedroom

Corridor

Living room

Kitchen


Apartment 15

Living room Kitchen Corridor Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C

0:00 3.42 10.78 13.74 59.53 10.19 2:00 3.38 10.05 12.91 58.63 9.68 4:00 3.33 9.55 12.33 57.93 9.29 6:00 3.27 9.17 11.92 57.45 8.99 8:00 3.21 8.85 11.61 57.09 8.81 10:00 3.21 9.76 11.71 57.59 8.85 12:00 3.32 12.84 12.84 62.43 10.30 14:00 3.49 12.85 13.01 63.77 11.05 16:00 3.52 12.76 13.52 60.92 10.26 18:00 3.49 12.34 14.04 64.80 11.47 20:00 3.47 12.16 14.42 62.21 11.18 22:00 3.46 11.52 14.43 60.35 10.51 average 3.38 11.05 13.04 60.22 10.05

62.0063.0064.0065.0066.0067.0068.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

Living room

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

OC

time

Dew Point

Living room


0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room

Kitchen

Corridor

56.00

58.00

60.00

62.00

64.00

66.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

Corridor

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

OC

time

Dew Point

Corridor


Apartment 17

Kitchen Living room Bedroom

Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 16.40 14.13 12.09

2:00 15.60 13.40 11.49

4:00 14.88 12.71 10.99

6:00 14.34 12.24 10.67

8:00 13.91 11.93 10.43

10:00 14.07 12.00 10.48

12:00 16.13 12.34 10.71

14:00 16.03 12.56 10.71

16:00 16.59 12.94 10.73

18:00 16.83 13.26 10.93

20:00 17.02 13.73 11.40

22:00 16.87 14.11 12.08 average 15.72 12.95 11.06

Apartment 19

Kitchen Living room Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 11.12 5.03 2:00 8.74 4.90 4:00 7.82 4.06 6:00 7.20 3.60 8:00 6.75 3.36 10:00 9.17 3.30 12:00 8.74 3.49 14:00 8.21 3.88 16:00 8.17 4.15 18:00 9.79 4.04 20:00 11.77 3.47 22:00 12.14 3.45 average 9.14 3.89

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

OC

time

Temperature

Kitchen

Living room

Bedroom


Apartment 24

Living room Corridor Kitchen Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 7.30 8.42 15.95 2:00 6.73 7.93 13.94 4:00 6.43 7.61 12.68 6:00 6.22 7.35 11.77 8:00 6.03 7.13 11.07 10:00 6.49 7.49 12.81 12:00 7.73 8.32 15.57 14:00 8.15 8.78 16.68 16:00 7.79 8.50 16.89 18:00 7.37 8.44 17.19 20:00 7.66 8.74 17.81 22:00 7.69 8.70 17.71 average 7.13 8.12 15.01

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

OC

time

Temperature

Kitchen

Living room

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room

Corridor

Kitchen


Apartment 25

Living room, Kitchen Bedroom Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 17.42 13.98 2:00 16.72 13.48 4:00 16.27 13.18 6:00 15.92 12.97 8:00 16.24 12.95 10:00 17.73 13.03 12:00 18.09 12.94 14:00 17.36 12.78 16:00 17.78 12.73 18:00 18.12 12.86 20:00 18.35 13.02 22:00 18.11 13.91 average 17.34 13.15

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room, Kitchen

Bedroom


Apartment 30


0:00 7.30 5.35 2:00 7.04 5.20 4:00 6.82 5.06 6:00 6.64 4.93 8:00 7.41 5.44 10:00 9.01 6.38 12:00 9.72 6.57 14:00 9.63 6.52 16:00 9.49 6.53 18:00 8.70 6.14 20:00 8.08 5.78 22:00 7.62 5.52 average 8.12 5.78

Apartment 31


0:00 13.49 10.29 2:00 12.75 9.97 4:00 12.32 9.76 6:00 12.10 9.63 8:00 12.78 10.02 10:00 13.73 10.59 12:00 14.03 10.74 14:00 13.86 10.71 16:00 13.67 10.49 18:00 14.56 10.71 20:00 15.21 11.09 22:00 14.79 11.10 average 13.61 10.43

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

OC

time

Temperature


Bedroom


Apartment 34

Living room Bedroom Kitchen Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 13.76 11.77 13.47 2:00 13.04 11.47 12.79 4:00 12.56 11.25 12.34 6:00 12.38 11.37 15.89 8:00 13.02 11.94 18.65 10:00 14.13 12.39 18.33 12:00 14.70 12.42 17.76 14:00 14.77 12.38 17.46 16:00 14.75 12.48 18.12 18:00 15.33 12.63 18.28 20:00 15.51 12.63 17.50 22:00 14.91 12.24 14.84 average 14.07 12.08 16.29

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

OC

time

Temperature


Bedroom

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

OC

time

Temperature

Living room

Bedroom

Kitchen


Apartment 36

Corridor Bedroom 1 Kitchen Bedroom 2 Living room Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C Temp, °C

0:00 11.73 8.99 11.74 12.89 12.32 2:00 11.41 8.50 11.03 12.47 11.97 4:00 11.17 8.15 10.55 12.18 11.71 6:00 11.04 8.13 10.54 11.98 11.51 8:00 11.06 8.15 11.06 11.96 11.57 10:00 11.64 8.84 12.91 12.01 11.98 12:00 11.94 9.26 13.51 12.07 12.33 14:00 12.03 9.25 13.41 12.10 12.60 16:00 12.03 9.37 13.34 12.83 12.68 18:00 12.43 10.19 13.94 13.81 13.19 20:00 12.61 10.72 14.28 14.39 13.46 22:00 12.24 9.88 12.96 13.64 12.90 average 11.78 9.12 12.44 12.69 12.35

Outdoor air

North South Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C Temp, °C RH, % DewPt, °C

00:00 ‐7.03 79.91 ‐10.09 ‐5.89 74.97 ‐9.76

02:00 ‐7.56 80.95 ‐10.45 ‐6.45 76.19 ‐10.10

04:00 ‐8.10 82.34 ‐10.79 ‐7.03 77.58 ‐10.44

06:00 ‐8.53 82.60 ‐11.18 ‐7.49 78.07 ‐10.81

08:00 ‐8.95 83.75 ‐11.43 ‐7.94 79.08 ‐11.10

10:00 ‐6.89 78.45 ‐10.16 ‐3.97 69.74 ‐8.96

12:00 ‐3.09 67.22 ‐8.32 2.98 51.01 ‐7.19

14:00 ‐1.15 61.31 ‐7.60 4.43 47.32 ‐6.70

16:00 ‐1.33 62.37 ‐7.61 0.63 55.78 ‐7.44

18:00 ‐4.11 72.00 ‐8.49 ‐2.85 66.37 ‐8.35

20:00 ‐5.66 77.51 ‐9.13 ‐4.45 72.11 ‐8.85

22:00 ‐6.48 79.07 ‐9.69 ‐5.28 74.02 ‐9.33 average ‐5.74 75.62 ‐9.58 ‐3.61 68.52 ‐9.09

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

OC

time

Temperature

Corridor

Bedroom 1

Kitchen

Bedroom 2

Living room


‐10.00

‐5.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

OC

time

Temperature

North

South

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

%

time

Relative Humidity

North

South

‐12.00

‐10.00

‐8.00

‐6.00

‐4.00

OC

time

Dew Point

North

South


Annex 3.

Building technical passport

Mush‐2 district, # 2 , Gyumri, Republic of Armenia

Date of commissioning 2010

Number of floors 4

Number of entrances 3

Volume of the building, m3 6531

Heigh, m 12

Total area of the construction, m2 2177

Total area of apartments, m2 1514

Total area of uninhabited areas, m2 663

The land area required for the maintenance of the building, m2 600

1. Number of apartments 36

1. single room 16

2. double room 12

3. three‐room 8

2. Numbers of uninhabited constructions ‐

Description of the buildings and property of the Common Use

3. Basement Reinforced concrete belt

4. Pillars and beams Reinforced concrete

5. Walls Sand‐mortar mixture/tufa coating, 200 mm concrete block,

clinker layer, 150 mm concrete block, alabaster


6. Ceilings and floors Precast reinforced concrete panel

7. Layered rubber‐metallic supporting construcitons for seismic insulation ‐

8. Basement, technical floor and attic exists

9. Roofs and roof drainage equipment sloping rafter and sheet roof

10. Entrances, stairways and stairwells 3 entrances

11. Garbage chutes ‐

12. Airwells, air outlets and chimneys of exhaust ventilation envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building

Air outlets Chimneys

13. Elevators, household heating boilers, air conditioners and fans, and other appliances envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building

Household gas boiler

14. Engineering networks envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building Water supply, sanitation, power supply and natural gas supply


Annex 4.

Building envelope details

layer type thickness, mm coefficient of conduction, Watt/(m2*OC)

Walls

1 tufa/sand‐mortar mixture 20 0.52/0.97

2 sand‐mortar mixture 30 0.97

3 concrete block 200 0.85

4 clinker 150 0.29

5 concrete block 100 0.85

6 alabaster 20 0.41

Beams and pillars

1 tufa/sand‐mortar mixture 20 0.52/0.97


3 Reinforced concrete 400 1.92

4 alabaster 20 0.41

First floor flooring

1 clinker 100 0.29

2 Reinforced concrete 150 1.92


4 parquet 30 0.23

Attic Covering

1 clinker 300 0.29

2 Reinforced concrete panel 220 0.85

3 alabaster 20 0.41


Annex 5.

Energy Consumption in building, broken down by the type of end uses for every apartment

Monthly consumption of natural gas for 2010‐2011, nm3

Apartment 2010 2011

Average Total 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 21 118 214 193 104 51 19 12 4 6 11 63 753

4 0 27 136 175 140 88 56 20 27 22 25 20 61 736

5 0 34 60 128 85 99 104 26 17 20 17 26 51 616

6 0 16 33 31 83 54 31 5 6 13 3 11 24 286

7 0 47 136 193 171 125 84 29 30 34 40 35 77 924

8 0 8 30 59 69 56 47 15 16 11 19 16 29 346

9 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 11 0 4 12 12 4 46

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 0 20 60 276 246 130 26 24 24 24 21 26 73 877

13 0 36 53 77 79 48 33 17 31 26 25 22 37 447

14 0 0 16 255 194 185 143 38 22 20 21 19 76 913

15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 21 3 39

16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 0 7 175 216 201 177 102 35 36 35 32 31 87 1 047

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 0 0 0 106 60 41 17 6 5 7 4 9 21 255

20 0 13 20 42 35 21 12 9 8 5 12 9 16 186

21 0 0 0 0 0 16 47 3 3 7 21 12 9 109


Apartment 2010 2011

Average Total 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

22 0 55 193 44 0 0 4 1 1 16 0 0 26 314

23 0 0 0 0 4 7 12 0 0 0 0 0 2 23

24 0 0 133 84 57 53 62 33 29 25 23 36 45 535

25 0 0 0 0 46 45 90 43 54 48 48 55 36 429

26 0 15 36 78 29 5 9 4 5 6 7 6 17 200

27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 0 0 61 225 196 133 52 12 39 26 32 21 66 797

29 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 72 50 46 42 9 27 319

30 0 10 29 30 29 24 19 5 7 9 6 5 14 173

31 0 10 44 60 41 31 26 10 8 5 0 0 20 235

32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33 0 76 169 327 307 271 311 85 113 87 124 119 166 1 989

34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 28 26 5 57

35 0 2 12 4 2 5 2 32 28 30 40 42 17 199

36 0 26 106 148 133 118 62 20 35 42 39 41 64 770

Average 0 12 45 77 67 51 42 16 17 16 18 18 32

Total 0 423 1 620 2 772 2 400 1 836 1 509 577 606 572 665 640 13 620


Monthly consumption of electricity for 2010‐2011, kWh

Apartment 2010 2011

Average Total 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 24

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 141 108 107 173 128 154 109 74 56 68 79 59 105 1 256

4 107 97 123 173 151 139 114 157 122 136 118 104 128 1 541

5 115 62 146 269 218 134 77 67 49 67 67 61 111 1 332

6 71 106 58 55 143 172 98 88 83 128 42 92 95 1 136

7 5 79 124 159 167 144 131 167 118 147 139 113 124 1 493

8 166 152 198 298 240 194 179 127 128 162 131 124 175 2 099

9 0 0 0 0 5 12 3 2 13 18 4 3 5 60

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 135 165 306 110 82 76 139 117 56 47 45 64 112 1 342

13 156 91 226 511 254 120 91 123 62 64 62 58 152 1 818

14 4 0 6 219 149 159 187 153 93 104 116 129 110 1 319

15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 37 43 8 100

16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 13 14 96 203 151 154 114 102 73 81 65 73 95 1 139

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

19 151 173 0 0 7 29 11 14 17 34 69 56 47 561

20 17 10 14 64 49 28 19 11 6 14 29 32 24 293

21 0 0 6 364 1 087 267 43 10 2 16 28 48 156 1 871

22 45 190 130 44 0 0 0 34 24 79 0 0 46 546

23 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5


Apartment 2010 2011

Average Total 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

24 330 414 275 632 587 383 393 249 85 79 74 67 297 3 568

25 0 0 0 0 186 41 167 251 206 217 213 183 122 1 464

26 55 141 142 143 128 84 61 77 56 21 118 67 91 1 093

27 13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 24 3 38

28 0 0 0 21 123 84 47 39 73 76 76 49 49 588

29 0 0 46 131 0 0 63 100 31 35 39 7 38 452

30 62 85 178 276 203 158 143 48 15 44 37 15 105 1 264

31 87 81 74 134 56 66 104 73 65 38 0 0 65 778

32 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 9

33 362 88 98 135 100 102 125 215 120 153 156 165 152 1 819

34 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 35 149 154 29 343

35 0 0 17 8 9 6 0 210 147 163 147 139 71 846

36 110 129 114 137 97 98 98 141 70 85 76 74 102 1 229

Average 60 61 69 118 121 78 70 74 49 59 59 56 73

Total 2 145 2 192 2 484 4 259 4 344 2 811 2 516 2 649 1 776 2 132 2 116 2 003 31 427


Averaged data of energy consumption

Apartment

Natural gas Electricity Total consumption for heating,

kWh

average, nm3/year total, nm3/year total, kWh heating, kWh

average, kWh total, kWh heating, kWh

winter summer winter summer winter summer winter summer winter summer

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 24 0 24 24

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 117 9 701 52 6 169 458 5 711 130 80 779 477 302 6 013

4 104 19 622 114 5 474 1 003 4 470 133 124 797 744 53 4 523

5 85 18 510 106 4 488 933 3 555 151 71 906 426 480 4 035

6 41 6 248 38 2 182 334 1 848 105 84 632 504 128 1 976

7 126 28 756 168 6 653 1 478 5 174 134 115 804 689 115 5 289

8 45 13 269 77 2 367 678 1 690 210 140 1 261 838 423 2 113

9 1 7 7 39 62 343 0 3 7 20 40 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 126 20 758 119 6 670 1 047 5 623 146 77 878 464 414 6 037

13 54 20 326 121 2 869 1 065 1 804 216 88 1,293 525 768 2 572

14 132 20 793 120 6 978 1 056 5 922 120 100 720 599 121 6 043

15 0 7 0 39 0 343 0 0 17 0 100 0 0

16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 146 28 878 169 7 726 1 487 6 239 122 68 732 407 325 6 564

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

19 37 5 224 31 1 971 273 1 698 37 57 220 341 0 1 698

20 24 7 143 43 1 258 378 880 31 18 184 109 75 955

21 11 8 63 46 554 405 150 295 17 1 767 104 1663 1 813

22 49 3 296 18 2 605 158 2 446 61 30 364 182 182 2 628


Apartment

Natural gas Electricity Total consumption for heating,

kWh

average, nm3/year total, nm3/year total, kWh heating, kWh

average, kWh total, kWh heating, kWh

winter summer winter summer winter summer winter summer winter summer

23 4 0 23 0 202 0 202 1 0 4 1 3 205

24 65 24 389 146 3 423 1 285 2 138 447 147 2 684 884 1 800 3 938

25 30 41 181 248 1 593 2 182 0 66 178 394 1 070 0 0

26 29 5 172 28 1 514 246 1 267 117 66 699 394 305 1 572

27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 37 0 0

28 111 22 667 130 5 870 1 144 4 726 46 52 275 313 0 4 726

29 17 37 100 219 880 1 927 0 40 35 240 212 28 28

30 24 5 141 32 1 241 282 959 174 37 1 043 221 822 1 781

31 35 4 212 23 1 866 202 1 663 86 44 515 263 252 1 915

32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 4 1 1

33 244 88 1 461 528 12 857 4 646 8 210 108 195 648 1 171 0 8 210

34 0 10 0 57 0 502 0 1 57 4 339 0 0

35 5 29 27 172 238 1514 0 7 134 40 806 0 0

36 99 30 593 177 5 218 1 558 3 661 112 93 673 556 117 3 778

Total 1 760 510 10 560 3 060 92 928 26 928 70 039 3 101 2 137 18 606 12 821 8 401 78 440


Meter reading of natural gas, electricity and water

Apartment Floor Natural gas Electricity Water

20.11.2011 26.01.2012 20.11.2011 26.01.2012 20.11.2011 26.01.2012

3 1 829 1 285 1 467 1 736 68 74

4 2 846 1 234 1 980 2 288 79 86

5 2 571 1 122 1 664 1 948 35 40

6 2 358 381 1 630 1 657 32 33

7 3 1 047 1 463 1 689 2 678 108 136

8 3 431 2 659 61

12 4 961 1 386 1 853 2 777 125 176

13 1 489 634 2 337 3 183 52 84

14 1 1 083 1 553 1 667 2 266 73 88

15 1 79 163 200 630 1 89

17 2 1 175 1 587 1 352 1 742 813 913

19 4 287 335 692 1 421 10 12

24 4 601 781 4 077 5 373 139 164

25 1 581 1 076 1 857 2 590 146 187

26 1 281 1 381 29

30 2 201 310 1 527 1 764 13 14

31 3 279 472 1 111 1 463 14 23

34 4 175 493 631 1 083 40 75

36 4 859 1 156 1 496 1 798 12 140


Annex 6.

Information about household heating appliances

Apa

rtmen

t

Floo

r

2011

‐2012թ

be

ginn

ing of

heating season

Num

ber of

reside

nts

The main he

ating

device

Number of radiators, according to the room

Add

itiona

l heating

de

vices

Living

roo

m

Kitche

n

Bedroo

m 1

Bedroo

m 2

Corridor

Bathroom

3 1 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 5 8 not heated 10 not heated

4 2 November 1 3 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 5 8

5 2 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10 5

6 2 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 5 8 not heated 10 not heated Electric heater


8 3 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10

12 4 November 10 4 Mercury 24 10 5 10 10 Electric heater

13 1 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 10 Electric heater

14 1 October 20 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 20 6 8 6 Electric heater

15 1 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF Electric heater


19 4 October 25 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 10 Electric heater

24 4 November 1 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 5 7 Electric heater



30 2 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 6 10 10 Electric heater


34 4 October 25 3 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10



Annex 7

Study and calculation of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope

The actual normalized values of heat transfer resistance of envelope of the 4A type multi‐apartment building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri were determined and tested in several ways:

a) Geometrical parameters (surface area, material and thickness of the layer) were measured for each type of as built part of the envelope. Both design1 and reference2 data were used for calculation. As a result, the total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of

building envelopes was Rtotalbuild.envel..= 1.55 (m2∙օC/W), which is almost twice lower than the

required value of the indicator. b) The total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope was also

studied with SENSMEE STM200U device that measures heat transfer though building envelope. The findings are presented in the table below:

Unit of measurement Walls Windowpane

Heat transfer coefficient U value W/ m2∙օC 0.65 0.93

heat transfer resistance R value m2∙օC/W 1.54 1.08

Ambient temperature Out ОC ‐0.2 ‐0.2 Envelope internal surface average temperature

T123 ОC 11.5 11.3

Air temperature inside the building T4 ОC 13.25 13.25

Fig. 7.1 SENSMEE STM200U device that measures adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value)

c) The total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope was also checked by work‐back calculation as per data, which were averaged for the building (for one winter month), on consumption of fuel/energy for heating in the building (readings of natural gas and electric meters; non‐thermal energy consumption was taken into

1 No dismantling of constructions was undertaken. 2 Laboratory tests of thermal conductivity of samples of the materials were not conducted.


consideration) and on temperatures measured with portable devices that register temperatures (HOBO):

Designation Unit of

measurement Value

Heat energy consumed Q kWh/month 20,123

Average air temperature inside the building tinside °C 6.9

Average ambient temperature toutside °C ‐4.7

Number of heating days n day 30

Specific degree/day value D ՕC∙day 347

Total heat transfer resistance (R‐value) R m2∙օC/Watt 1.26

The difference in the total heat transfer resistance values of versions a) and c) amounts to 18.7%, which is regarded as satisfactory considering the category of indicators and devices used as well as their accuracy and a large number of measurements. Nevertheless, it was recommended to assume and fill in the energy passport values calculated in the version a) because it is seen as more trustworthy [numerous devices were used in version c) (readings of natural gas and electric meters for all months and numerous readings of temperatures measured by portable devices HOBO); interpolation and arithmetical averaging calculations as well as expansion of the observed values range were made, etc.].

Besides the above‐mentioned versions the building envelopes were studied with infrared camera (thermal imager). Color images of thermal bridges and unequal distribution of thermal losses from building’s walls (as per types of construction), windows and doors in balconies and staircases and from ferroconcrete pillars and beams, etc. are clearly visible on the pictures below.


d) Pictures taken with a thermal imager (infrared camera Testo 875‐2)



Annex 8.

Building energy passport

1. General information

Passport elaboration date 25.04.2012

Address #2 bldng, Mush 2 district, Gyumri, RA

Project designer �Arxiton� Ltd.

Address and phone number of designer Nalbandyan 25a, 30 appt., Yerevan (010) 55 24 73

Design code ‐

Destination of the building, series residential, 4

Number of floors and sections 4 floor, 3 sections

Number of apartments 36 apartment

Estimated number of residents or employees ‐

Accommodation on the construction area separated

Constructive solution skeleton‐type frame building reinforced concrete

2. Design conditions

Index name Index Unit of measure Design value Actual value

1 Design outdoor temperature tout °C ‐25 ‐25

2 Average outdoor temperature during the heating season Taverage °C ‐2.4 ‐2.4

3 Duration of the heating season zdd day/year 188 188

4 Degree*days of heating season Dd °C ∙day/year 4 211 1 748

5 Design indoor temperature Tins °C 20 6.9

6 Design temperature of attic Tattic °C

7 Design temperature of cellar Tcellar °C


3. Geometric indexes

Index name Index Unit of measure Design values

8 Total area of floors Atotal m2 2 176.64

9 Inhabited area Ares m2 1 514.4

10 Calculated area (for public buildings) Acalc m2 ‐

11 Heated volume Vheat m3 6 529.92

12 Glazing ratio f

0,17

13 Index of the compactness Kcompactness 0,46

14 Total area of building envelope Aenvelope m2 3 032.15

Including.

– facade Afacade m2 1 943.83

– external walls (separated by type) Awall1 m2 1 617.13

– beams and pillars Awall2 m2 535.36

– clinker/sand mixture covered walls Awall3 m2 1 081.77

– tufa covered walls Awind1 m2 286.68

– windows and balcony doors Awind2 m2 ‐

– vitrage Awind3 m2 ‐

– roof light Awind4 m2 30.9

– star‐lift unit windows Adoor1 m2 ‐

– outdoor crossing balcony doors Adoor2 m2 9.12

– entrance doors and gates Acover m2 –

– covering Aattic m2 544.16

– attic ceiling Aheated attic. m2 ‐

– «heated» attic ceiling Afloor1 m2 ‐

– technical cellar or basement ceiling Afloor2 m2 ‐

– covers above passages or below bays Afloor3 m2 544.16


4. Thermotechnical indexes

Index name Index Unit of measure Required values Design values Actual normalized

values Actual values

15 Reduced thermal resistance of building envelope, including. Rreduced m2∙°C /W 3.13 1.73 1.55 1.55

– Beams and pillars Rwall1 m2∙°C /W 3.08 0.48 0.48 0.48

– Clinker/sand mixture covered walls Rwall2 m2∙°C /W 3.08 1.35 1.08 1.08

– Tufa covered walls Rwindow1 m2∙°C /W 0.47 0.38 0.38 0.38

– Windows and balcony doors Rwindow2 m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– Vitrage Rwindow3 m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– roof light Rwindow4 m2∙°C /W 0.47 0.38 0.38 0.38

– Star‐lift unit windows Rdoor1 m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– Outdoor crossing balcony doors Rdoor2 m2∙°C /W 0.47 0.38 0.38 0.38

– Entrance doors and gates Rcover m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– Covering Rattic m2∙°C /W 4.01 1.5 1 1

–Attic ceiling Rheated attic. m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– “Heated” attic ceiling Rfloor1 m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– technical cellar or basement ceiling Rfloor2 m2∙°C /W ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

– covers above passages or below bays Rfloor3 m2∙°C /W 4.01 4.77 4.77 4.77


5. Additional indexes



16 Reduced heat transmission coefficient Kreduced W/(m2∙°C) 0.478 1.038 1.147 1.226

17 Rate of air circulation over heating season for specific norm of ventilation Nair hour‐1 0.259 0.259 0.259 0.259

18 Specific household heat release factor Qhousehold W/m2 11.05 11.05 11.05 11.05

19 Tariff of thermal energy for designed building Сprice AMD/kWh ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

20 Unit price heating appliance and connection to the heating network in the area of construction

Сheat AMD /(kWh/year) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

21 Specific return from unit energy saving Wreturn AMD /(kWh/year) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

6. Unit indexes



22 Specific performance factor of heat‐shielding Kheat‐shielding W/(m3∙°C) 0.22 0.48 0.53 0.57

23 Specific performance factor of ventilation Kventilation W/(m3∙°C) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

24 Specific performance factor of household heat release Khousehold W/(m3∙°C) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.26

25 Specific performance factor of solar radiation heat inputs Kradiation W/(m3∙°C) 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07


7. Coefficients

Index name Index Required values

26 Efficiency factor of heating self‐regulation ζ 0.5

27 The factor considering decrease in heat consumption of residential buildings in the presence of the every apartment accounting of thermal energy on heating

ξ 0

28 Efficiency factor of recuperator (heat recovery) Krecovery 0

29 Coefficient accounting for decrease in use of heat inputs during their exceeding the heat losses ν 0.78

30 Coefficient accounting for additional heat losses from heating system bh 1.05

8. Complex Energy Efficiency Indexes



32 Estimated specific performance factor for heating and ventilation in heating season qestimated W/(m3∙°C) W/(m2∙°C)

0.243 0.516 0.57 0.55

33 Standardized specific performance factor for heating and ventilation in heating season

qstandardized W/(m3∙°C) W/(m2∙°C)

0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359

34 Energy efficiency class (category) A D D

35 The compliance of the building’s design with the requirements of the existing norms on thermal protection

yes no no no

9. The energy load of the building



35 Specific consumption of heat energy for heating and ventilation purposes during heating season

q kWh/m3∙year 25 52 58 25

kWh/m2∙year 74 157 173 74

36 Consumption of heat energy for heating and ventilation purposes during heating season

Qannualheating kWh/m∙year 160 628 340 694 375 983 162 068

37 Total heat loss during heating season Qannualtotal kWh/m∙year 199 579 371 071 404 679 191 461


Annex 9.

Energy efficiency label

The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to requirements of two

normative documents. 1. The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to MSN 24‐01‐2011

“Thermal Protection of Buildings” intergovernmental building code

Pic.1. Energy label according to the МСН 24‐01‐2011 intergovernmental building code


2. The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to HST EN 15217:2007 “Energy performance of buildings ‐ Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings” building code

Pic.2. Energy label according to the HST EN 15217:2007 building code


Drawings

Drawing 1. Location of building


Drawing 2. The general plan of the building

Documents

Report Audit Mush final Eng - nature-ic.am