REPORT 1 (TRILLANES, MAGDATO)

8/3/2019 REPORT 1 (TRILLANES, MAGDATO)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/report-1-trillanes-magdato 1/44

S A F

E T Y

M A N A G

E M E N T

Introduction

Objectives

Safety Concept

Definitions

Safety Paradigm

Reasons for Safety

SMS

Conclusions



}Chemical Engineers have a pivotalrole in reducing the risks on plant to

acceptable or tolerable levels. Asprofessionals that probably understand

the plant best from a holisticviewpoint, we can play a vital role inthe continuous improvement in safety

standards - essential in this climate ofever more stringent health, safety and

environmental legislation.



Process Safety vs.Occupational Safety

} Process Safety is different to Occupational

Safety.P

rocess safety is pro-active andcenters on the safety integrity of theprocess; occupational safety focusesmore on injuries to workers ² i.e., verymuch a reactive focus. Often, firms focus

too much effort on occupational safetywhen in fact, process safety should begiven more attention, commensurate withrisk.



Objectiveso To define the basic terminologies on

Health and Safety in Industries.

o To outline the reasons for a safeand healthy workplace.

o To give an overview on SafetyManagement Systems.



The Concept of Safety

}zero accidents or serious incidents

³ a view widely held by thetravelling public;

}freedom from hazards, i.e. those

factors which cause or are likely tocause harm;



}attitudes of employees oforganizations towardsunsafe acts and conditions;

}error avoidance; and

}regulatory compliance.



Definitions

}Accident ²Undesired circumstances

which give rise to ill-health or injury,damage to property, plant,products or the environment;production losses or increased

liabilities.



}Hazard ² any situation that could

contribute to an accident. Hazardsshould be eliminated wherever

¶practicable·, but this is not alwaysthe case. Where a hazard cannot

be completely eliminated then

there will be some risk.



}Ill Health -- Acute and chronic ill

health caused by physical,

chemical or biological agents aswell as adverse effects onmental health.



}Incident -- Undesired circumstances

and ¶near misses· which could

cause accidents.



}Maintenance -- in its ordinary Englishsense ´of keeping something fit for serviceµ including, where necessary,replacing a worn-out part of the railwaywith a new part. So when we talk aboutmaintenance, we are including whatsome people call ¶renewals·,

¶alterations·, ¶upgrades· and¶enhancements·.



}Risk ² the likelihood that an

accident will happen and the

harm that could arise. In manycases, risk cannot be eliminatedentirely. We must accept this if

we are to continually improve

safety.



}Safety -- the reduction of risk to a

level that is as low as is reasonably

practicable.



}Safe -- the risk associated with itis controlled to an acceptable

level.



Hazards/Danger

Observable or predicted from knowledge.

Risk Not directly observable - probability of harm to system elements

being realized from exposure to hazards and danger.

HarmDamage to system elements - long or short term.

Accidents

Injuries Ill-Health Damage

Safety Paradigm



REASONS FOR

SAFETY



Moral / Humane

No-one comes to work to be injured or killed.



Cost

Accidents cost organizations money.

e.g. Piper Alpha ² 167 people killed ² estimated

to have cost over £2 billion including £746 millionin direct insurance payouts.



Legislation

Organisations have a legal obligation.

E x. In the UK ² Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974and associated Regulations

e.g.

Management of Health & Safety at Work Regs 1999

Quarry Regulations, 1999



Safety ManagementSystem (SMS)

}It is a businesslike approach to

safety.



}It is a systematic, explicit andcomprehensive process for

managing safety risks. As with all

management systems, a safetymanagement system provides for

goal setting, planning, andmeasuring performance.



}A safety management system iswoven into the fabric of anorganization. It becomes part of

the culture, the way people dotheir jobs.



Goals of SMS

}There are three imperatives for

adopting a safety managementsystem for a business - these are

ethical, legal and financial.



}To address these three importantelements, an effective SMS should:

1. Define how the organization is set

up to manage risk.2. Identify workplace risk and

implement suitable controls.

3. Implement effectivecommunications across all levels of

the organization.



4. Implement a process to identify

and correct non-conformities.

5. Implement a continual

improvement process.



Basic Safety Management Components



Planning}Planning is the process of

determining in advance whatshould be accomplished.

}The planning stage answers the

questions ´Where are we now?µ

and ´Where do we want to be?µ.



Developing}Developing is the process of

determining how the objectivesshould be realized. The

developing stage needs to

answer ´How do we get there?µ.



Organizing}Organizing is the process of

prescribing formal relationshipsamong people and resources in

the organization to accomplish

objectives.



Implementing

}Implementing means a process

of carrying out or putting intopractice the plans to achieve thedesired objectives, with

appropriate and adequatecontrol to ensure proper

performance in accordance withthe plans.



} In this implementing stage, the

proprietor or contractor is required:

}(a) to determine and executeoperation plans to control the risks

identified and to meet the legalrequirements as well as other requirements to which it subscribes toin safety management;

}(b) to execute contingency plans for foreseeable emergencies andmitigate their effects;



}(c) to arrange safety auditsand periodic status analysis asan independent check to the

efficiency, effectiveness, andreliability of the safety

management system, and

carry out the required

corrective actions;



}(d) to motivate all employees by acombination of rewards andsanctions and stress on the

reinforcement of the positivebehaviour contributing to risk

control and the promotion of a

positive safety culture;



}

(e) to provide adequate and effectivesupervision to ensure that the policiesand the plans are effectivelyimplemented; and

}(f) to prepare and maintain sufficientdocumentation to record and monitor the progress of policy and planimplementation.



Measuring}Measuring is the process of

checking the performance

against agreed standards toreveal when and where

improvement is needed, and a

means of monitoring the extent towhich policies and objectives are

being met.



Auditing

}Auditing is carried out to assessperformance in addition to the

routine monitoring of occupationalsafety and health performance.

Auditing constitutes the ´feedback loopµ to the planning stage whichenables the enterprise to reinforce,maintain and develop its ability to

reduce risks to the fullest extent andto ensure the continued efficiency,effectiveness and reliability of the

safety management system.



The 14 elements of a safetymanagement system

}1. A safety policy which states the

commitment of the proprietor or contractor to safety and health atwork.

}

2. A structure to assureimplementation of the commitmentto safety and health at work.



}3. Training to equip personnel withknowledge to work safely andwithout risk to health.

}4. In-house safety rules to provideinstruction for achieving safetymanagement objectives.



}5. A programme of inspection toidentify hazardous conditions and for the rectification of any such conditionsat regular intervals or as appropriate

}6. A programme to identify hazardousexposure or the risk of such exposureto the workers and to provide suitablepersonal protective equipment as a

last resort where engineering controlmethods are not feasible



}7. Investigation of accidents or incidents to find out the cause of anyaccident or incident and to developprompt arrangements to prevent

recurrence}8. Emergency preparedness to

develop, communicate and executeplans prescribing the effective

management of emergency situations



}9. Evaluation, selection and control ofsub-contractors to ensure that sub-contractors are fully aware of their safety

obligations and are in fact meetingthem

}10. Safety committees to identify,recommend and keep under review

measures to improve the safety andhealth at work



}11. Evaluation of job related hazardsor potential hazards anddevelopment of safety procedures

}12. Promotion, development andmaintenance of safety and healthawareness in a workplace



}13. A programme for accidentcontrol and elimination of hazardsbefore exposing workers to anyadverse work environment

}14. A programme to protect workersfrom occupational health hazards



Conclusions>Technical Safety is ¶ only· starting point>Technical safety is undermined byHuman Factors as a result of the SafetyCulture and the related behavior.

>A mature HSE system includesOrganizational and Safety Culture

aspects>Constant feedback from detailedaccident analysis studies is required.

Documents

REPORT 1 (TRILLANES, MAGDATO)