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Piaçava (Leopoldinia piass)aba) Rubber (Hevea spp)
REPORT 1
AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
UNEDITED VERSION
VERENA CRISTINA DE ALMEIDA
INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT
AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
NOVEMBER 2013
Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)
Essential oils Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa)
NOTE
The present report is an unedited, unofficial document. The designations employed and the
presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the
views of the United Nations.
Contents
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................... 5
1. Background .................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Main policies and programmes related to biodiversity, sociobiodiversity products value chains and
REDD+.............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1. Federal Sphere ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.2. State sphere ................................................................................................................................ 11
4. REDD+ institutions and selected projects in Amazonas ................................................................ 14
4.1 State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas – SDS ................. 14
4.2 Amazonas Sustainable Foundation – FAS ..................................................................................... 14
4.3 Biofílica Environmental Investments ............................................................................................ 18
4.4 HDOM Engineering and Environmental Projects Ltda. ................................................................. 20
4.5 Instituto de Conservação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amazonas – IDESAM...................... 20
4.6 Selected projects in REDD+ .......................................................................................................... 21
Institutions in value chains in Amazonas .......................................................................................... 22
5.1. Rubber (Hevea spp) ..................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) .................................................................................................... 24
5.3 Meliponiculture ........................................................................................................................... 26
5.4 Piaçava (Leopoldinia piassaba) ..................................................................................................... 27
5.5 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) ............................................................................................................ 28
5.6 Agroforestry systems (SAFs) ......................................................................................................... 29
5.7 Açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea) ....................................................................................................... 31
5.8 Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) ............................................................................................................ 31
5.9 Seed oils, essential oils ................................................................................................................. 32
6. Handicraft .................................................................................................................................... 34
6.1 Selected projects - Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro (FOIRN) ........................ 34
6.2 Association of Artisan of Novo Airão (AANA) and Almerinda Malaquias Foundation .................... 34
6.3 Selected projects: Natural ingredients - Socioambiental Institute (ISA) and Indigenous
Organization of the Içana river basin (OIBI) ........................................................................................ 35
7. Obstacles ..................................................................................................................................... 36
8. Needs........................................................................................................................................... 38
9. Opportunities ............................................................................................................................... 39
10. Formulation/adaptation of strategies ........................................................................................ 41
ANNEX 1. The main legal instruments in biodiversity, climate change, sociobiodiversity products, and REDD+ in Brazil
ANNEX 2. Mapping of stakeholders in the Amazonas institutions working in initiatives related to wood products value chains and REDD+ ANNEX 3. Institutions participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
ANNEX 5. Analysis of consistency and applicability of the eligibility criteria for the Bolsa Floresta Programme beneficiaries
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
English Portuguese (original name)
ADS Sustainable Development Agency Agência de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
AFEAM Amazonas State Funding Agency Agência de Fomento do Estado do Amazonas
ASPROC Association of Rural Producers of Carauari Associação dos Produtores Rurais de Carauari
BNDES Brazilian Development Bank Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
CAR Rural Environmental Registry Cadastro Ambiental Rural
CCBA The Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance
Aliança para o Clima, Comunidades e Biodiversidade
CECLIMA State Centre of Climate Change Centro Estadual de Mudanças Climáticas
CEUC State Centre of Protected Areas Centro Estadual de Unidades de Conservação
CNS National Council of Rubber Tappers Conselho Nacional dos Seringueiros
COOPMAS Association of Agroextractivists Producers of Sardinha's Colony
Associação dos Produtores Agroextrativistas da Colônia do Sardinha
FAS Amazonas Sustainable Foundation Fundação Amazonas Sustentável
FOIRN Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro
Federação das Organizações Indígenas do Rio Negro
FVA Vitoria Amazonica Foundation Fundação Vitória Amazônica
GHG Greenhouse gases Gases de efeito estufa
GIZ German Technical Cooperation Agency Agência de Cooperação Técnica Alemã
IBGE Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
ICMBIO Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade
IDAM Institute of Agricultural Development and Sustainable Forestry of the State of Amazonas
Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Florestal Sustentável do Estado do Amazonas
IDESAM Institute for Conservation and Sustainable Development of Amazonas
Instituto de Conservação de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amazonas
INPA National Institute of Research of the Amazon
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
IPAAM Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas
Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas
MDA Ministry of Agrarian Development Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário
MDS Ministry of Social Development and Famine Combat
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome
MMA Ministry of Environment Ministério do Meio Ambiente
ONG Non Governmental Organization Organização Não-Governamental
PAA Food Acquisition Programme Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos
PBF Bolsa Floresta Programme Programa Bolsa Floresta
PDD Project Design Document Documento do Desenho do Projeto
PL Project law Projeto de lei
PPCDAm Amazonian Rainforest Plan to Prevent and Control Deforestation
Plano de Ação para Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal
PPCD-AM Amazonas Plan to Prevent and Control Deforestation
Plano Estadual de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento do Amazonas
RDS Sustainable Development Reserve Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Redução de Emissão por Desmatamento e Degradação Florestal
SAF's Agroforestry System Sistemas Agroflorestais
SDS State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas
Secretaria de Estado Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amazonas
SEPROR State Department for Rural Production of Amazonas
Secretaria de Produção Rural do Estado do Amazonas
SEUC State System of Protected Areas Sistema Estadual de Unidades de Conservação do Amazonas
UC Protected Areas Unidades de Conservação
VCS Verified Carbon Standard Verified Carbon Standard
1. Background
The State of Amazonas is strongly identified with the forest, based on extractivism activities, for
this has been the means of survival and base to the production of traditional communities and
indigenous peoples for many centuries. Amazonas has a vast territory of 1,559,159.148 km2, 97%
of which is covered by forests. It also has a rich biodiversity composed by the largest tropical forest
in the world, crossed by a wide hydrographical network, making fluvial transportation the main
transportation means for the region. The vocation towards conservation and development of
forest-based economic alternatives in the Amazonas is reinforced by the size of the protected
areas, occupying 55,47% of the territory, 28,41% of which are federal, state and local Protected
Areas (UC) and 27,6%, Indigenous Lands.
Traditional communities and indigenous peoples of the Amazonas have carried out activities with
non-wood products value chain for decades. There are many initiatives, though sparse, linked to
non-wood products value chain. The main non-wood products are Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa),
rubber (Hevea spp), açai berry (Euterpe oleracea), essencial oils (copaiba – Copaifera sp; andiroba -
Carapa guianensis Aubl.; murumuru – Astrocaryum murumuru), fish (especially pirarucu, in CITES,
Arapaima gigas), piaçava (Leopoldinia piassaba), jute (Corchorus capsularis), and different kinds of
palm fibre, among others. Besides, other complementary activities such as community-based
tourism, sport fishing, ornamental fish capture and handicraft present potential in many regions.
REDD+ initiatives are more recent. The Bolsa Floresta Programme (PBF) of the State of Amazonas
was created in 2007 by the Climate Change State Policy. Although it isn’t strictly a REDD+ initiative,
it intends leading the efforts towards the development of productivity chain of forest-based
environmental services and products, community strengthening and social vulnerability situations.
It is implemented by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS) in 15 State Protected Areas. The
first and only REDD+ project in the Amazonas was set, in 2008, by FAS in the Juma Sustainable
Development Reserve (RDS Juma), in partnership with the SDS. Juma REDD is certified under the
CCBA standards, but the project’s results of performance and social and environmental efficiency
are still to be released. However, there are other REDD+ initiatives developing in the Brazilian
Amazon rainforest, in the states of Acre (federal programme) and Rondônia (indigenous initiative
of the Surui Paiter People).
The activities with non-wood products and REDD+ value chains benefit the social, environmental
and economic context of the Amazon rainforest. Nonetheless, only the Juma REDD Project,
implemented by FAS, was acknowledged1 for relating REDD+ to value chains, in spite of not having,
yet, published results about its performance on avoiding deforestation and improving the quality
of life of the communities involved. Besides, there is criticism related to the participatory decision
in the use of the financial resources of this project. Still, there are few initiatives that actually
relate REDD+ to value chains. One of them is the already mentioned REDD Juma and some others
have been developed by IDESAM, as will be shown in the present report.
1 The Amazonas Sustainable Foundation was contacted via telephone and email and invited to participate in the
workshop in Manaus and to answer the questionnaries, but the consultant recieved no answer.
2. Main policies and programmes related to biodiversity, sociobiodiversity products value chains
and REDD+
This section deals with the main legal instruments about biodiversity, sociobiodiversity products
and REDD+ in Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, the aim of which is to point out the political,
economical and social context that pushed those policies, without exhausting all of the normative
instruments valid today. Other legal instruments are found on ANNEX 1.
2.1. Federal Sphere
The Biodiversity National Policy was launched in 2004 and was followed, in 2004, by the
establishment of priority areas with the objective of promoting the sustainable use of the
biodiversity components, taking into account its economic, environmental, social and cultural
value.
A large portion of the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in Brazil happen due to the change in the
use of the land. In 2003, deforestation advanced in large scale in the Amazon rainforest and the
practical answer to bridle the arc of deforestation was to create a large number of Protected
Areas.
In 2009, the Climate Change National Policy was created, setting instruments intended for the
reduction of GHG emissions. Among these instruments, the Amazonian Rainforest Plan to Prevent
and Control Deforestation (PPCDAm2) stands out because of three strategic axes: 1. Land Tenure
Regularization; 2. Environmental Control, and 3. Support to Sustainable Productive Activities.
The Sustainable Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities National Policy, of 2007, is
intended to promote sustainable development of traditional peoples and communities,
acknowledging, strengthening and granting their territorial, social, environmental, economic and
2 Note that PPCDAm refers to the programme excecuted by the Federal Government to prevent and combat
deforestation. PPCD-AM is a similar programme based on the same structure (Three axes: 1. Land Tenure Regularization; 2. Environmental Control, and 3. Support to Sustainable Productive Activities) in this case, excecuted by the Amazonas State Government. Both of them are independent from each other in governance; the Plan of Amazonas is more focused on the actual situation on the State and its execution is carried out by governmental institutions along with non-governmental partners.
cultural rights in a respectful way, that values their identities, their organizational forms and their
institutions. Some of its main goals are supporting and granting productive inclusion by promoting
sustainable technologies, considering local and natural resources, and traditional practices,
knowledge and technologies. In 2009 the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), the Ministry of
Environment (MMA) and the Ministry of Social Development and Famine Combat (MDS) launched
the Promotion for Sociobiodiversity Products Chains National Plan. Among the products found in
the Amazonas included in the programme we highlight Brazil nut, andiroba, copaíba, rubber, açai
berry and piaçava.
In the federal sphere, REDD+ is being proposed in two bills3, as well as in the Environmental
Services Payment National Policy bill (PL 792/2007). However, the Government has not set a
position about adopting REDD+ as a strategy to stop deforestation, despite the fact that the civil
society has shown its interest in some proposals.
In the year of 2011, the federal government established the decentralization of environmental
licencing in favour of the states and municipalities through Complementary law 140/2011. This
means a new challenge for state and municipalities’ structures, that, at the present time, don’t
have operational capacity to execute all of their attributions, because of insufficient financial and
human resources to attend to that recent demand.
2.2. State sphere
The State of Amazonas established in 2007, its Climate Change State Policy (Law 3,135/2007), in
which it set guiding lines for the creation of the Bolsa Floresta Programme, also launched in 2007
and implemented, today, in 15 UCs of sustainable use of Amazonas to benefit residing traditional
communities, in order to incentive the preservation of natural resources by forest maintenance. In
that same year the Protected Areas State System was created, through Complementary law
53/2007.
Between 2010 and 2012, debates were organized to build a proposal for an environmental services
policy in Amazonas, thus incorporating REDD+ as a tool of the proposed policy. Unfortunately,
3 PL 212/2012 of the Federal Senate and PL 195/2011, in the lower chamber.
since 2012, it is still waiting for the Governor of Amazonas’ approval. In spite of the delay in the
project’s approval, efforts have been directed towards the elaboration of the Environmental
Services Management System, the implementation of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) to
register rural properties and, very timidly, discussing social and environmental safeguards that
should support the regulation after the law is passed. But the scenario is still uncertain as regards
as to the approval of the proposal by the state government during the present administration.
The State of Amazonas is in Phase II (2012-2015) of the Amazonas Plan to Prevent and Control
Deforestation (PPCD-AM), which consolidates the activities carried out by State Government
institutions dedicated to combat deforestation in priority areas (Figure 1). This phase intends to
establish the monitoring of the PPCD-AM performance and impact and the programme is still being
structured. Meanwhile, the Sustainable Productive Activities Development axes contemplate the
creation of a Climate Change and Environmental Services State Fund, as well as to structure the
Registration System of projects, programmes and environmental assets of Amazonas, in
accordance to the bill of the Environmental Services Policy.
Figure 1. Priority areas established by the Government of Amazonas through PPCD-AM (Second
Phase 2012-2015) to carry out initiatives to reduce and prevent deforestation.
Source: Amazonas Plan To Prevent and Control Deforestation (PPCD-AM), CECLIMA/SDS, 2013.
3. Mapping of stakeholders
Mapping of the main stakeholders (ANNEX 2) was carried out through a survey of the Amazonas
institutions working in initiatives related to non-wood products value chains and REDD+, and also
applied in meetings with key-players from the government, NGOs and international cooperation.
After the identification of the key stakeholders, an email was sent to them, explaining roughly
what the BioTrade Initiative is and the objective of the work started in Amazonas. In order to know
their on-going REDD+ and value chains initiatives, the institutions were invited to fill in the survey.
Thirty-nine institutions received emails; seven of them belong to the Federal State, six to the state
government, two to the municipal administration, eighteen to civil society/NGOs, one dedicated to
international cooperation and five to the private sector. Other initiatives were surveyed through
secondary data surveys, as they didn’t answer the survey or were absent in the workshop
organized under the project (see ANNEX 4).
Fifteen questionnaires were retuned, twelve of which brought initiatives involving non-wood
products value chains and three about REDD+ initiatives.
The workshop “Non-wood products value chains and REDD+ in Amazonas, Brazil” was held on 14th
November 2013. The activities performed were related to mapping of stakeholders (ANNEX 3). The
methodology and results of the workshop assessment, together with the participants’
recommendations are listed in ANNEX 4.
As a whole, institutions in Amazonas work really hard with non-wood products and their value
chains. The REDD+ issue is still unknown or not dealt with by most of the institutions with a long
history in Amazonas. Although the private sector is relatively strong in Amazonas, its participation
in initiatives of BioTrade4 is very timid.
The next section presents the institutions that work with REDD+ in Amazonas, as well as the ones
dealing with value chains and related good practices, in using non-wood product. However, this
work doesn’t cover all the existing initiatives in Amazonas and their BioTrade and REDD+ potential.
4 BioTrade is defined as the collection, production, transformation and commercialization of goods and services
derived from native biodiversity, in a way that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. BioTrade activities relate to those that comply with BioTrade principles and criteria.
4. REDD+ institutions and selected projects in Amazonas
4.1 State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas – SDS
The State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas (SDS), created
in 2003, is responsible for formulating the environmental policies of the State of Amazonas.
Within its structure there are the State Centre of Protected Areas (CEUC), whose attributions are
to create, implement and manage the 41 State Protected Areas (UCs); the State Centre of Climate
Change (CECLIMA) that develops, articulates and implements policies on Climate Change and
environmental services, such as PPCD-AM and the bill on environmental services, in which REDD+
is included.
In spite of all the work carried out by the SDS during the 2010-2012 period, related to the
aforementioned bill, there hasn’t been, so far, a political decision to pass it. Today, the SDS is
working together with the IDESAM in the elaboration of a proposal for the State System of REDD+
and, a bit more timidly, with the Vitoria Amazonica Foundation (FVA) to establish social and
environmental safeguards proposed by the CCBA.
The CEUC, organism responsible for managing 41 state UCs hasn’t participated effectively in the
discussions about REDD+, although the PBF and Juma REDD are implemented in the state's UCs.
Their actions are mainly oriented towards generating income through non-wood products value
chains, like Brazil nut, pirarucu (by management of this species) and oils, among others.
4.2 Amazonas Sustainable Foundation – FAS
FAS is a private, non-profit institution of public interest, created in December 2007, by a
partnership between the Government of the State of Amazonas and the Bradesco Bank.
Originally, the main funding source to PBF would be the Climate Change, Environmental
Conservation and Development State Fund, also foreseen in the Climate Change State Law.
However, the fund was revoked that same year and replaced by an authorization, by the
3,184/2007 law, for the State to participate in a unique private foundation, intended to develop
and manage programmes and projects linked to the Climate Change Law. In this case, only the PBF
was actually implemented. The same law authorized the State to donate R$20 million to that
foundation. Additionally, the Bradesco Bank donated over R$20 million.
FAS begun to manage and raise funds for the PBF, apart from managing the yield of the permanent
fund that created it. In 2009, Coca-Cola gave another R$20 million that, along with other
donations, were invested in a permanent fund managed by the Bradesco Asset Management
(BRAM).
FAS implements the PBF, its structure is based on the policies for social assistance, environment,
health, education and more, put into practice in 15 State UCs of sustainable use, whose
beneficiaries are the populations that live in these protected areas.
In 2008, FAS implemented the REDD Juma project to restrain deforestation and subsequent GHG
emissions in the UC (RDS Juma) in order to set up a financial mechanism to generate carbon
credits. The initiative received financial support from the Marriot International hotel group,
interested in compensating its emissions, generated by the building of its hotels.
Nevertheless, because of the way it was created, there has been much criticism from the organised
civil society, associations and beneficiaries. There are also evidences of lack of compliance to the
dispositions of Complementary Law 53/2007 (State System of Protected Areas), that indicates that
all financial resource produced by products and environmental services from the state Protected
Areas must be directed to manage and administrate the UC, in this case, to the CEUC/SDS. There is
no transparency about the results and performance of the PBF and the REDD Juma project.
Inconsistencies regarding the criteria for beneficiaries’ eligibility to receive the Bolsa Floresta
Family5, are in opposition to the dispositions of the Brazilian Federal Constitution/1988 (ANNEX 5).
5 Even when PBF was the first experience of compensation via environmental services intended to maintain the rainforest, it is important to talk about it in order to recognize elements to be avoided in projects and programmes of environmental services and REDD+, because it generates expectations in the beneficiaries and misleads their understanding of the rights and duties involved. The PBF prrogramme brings a reference to the assitencialism of the insitution involved with the dwellers of the State of Amazonas Protected Areas for it includes a direct financial benefit (explained in the next item), without considering social and environmental principles and criteria for safeguards in programmes related to REDD+. Thus, direct financial benefits to the hands of the benefiaciaries are not encouraged. Other ways of distributing financial benefits are more efective, e.g.: the Surui Carbon Fund, mentioned on the Report 2 of this consultant.
A) Bolsa Floresta Programme (PBF)
The Bolsa Floresta Programme (PBF) is a state government’s programme, created through the
Climate Change State Policy. The programme is implemented in 15 UCs (Figure 2) of sustainable
use of the Amazonas by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS), and its beneficiaries are the
inhabitants of those areas.
Figure 2. Protected Areas in the State of Amazonas where the PBF is implemented.
Source: FAS, 2012.
Requisites for receiving the benefits6 of the programme are established in the 26,958/2008 State
Decree, listed in ANNEX 5 which analyses the use of the eligibility criteria and obligations to the
PBF.
6 Each of the four components of PBF is associated to different benefits. Family is a direct financial benefit and the others (Association, Social and Income generation) are non-financial benefits, in the form of products and services.
PBF is divided in four components:
1. Bolsa Floresta Family: incentive for the participation of families in environmental conservation,
focused on social security. Once the family is registered through the woman, the FAS grants them a
R$600,00/year benefit, accessed via a beneficiary card from the Bradesco Bank.
2. Bolsa Floresta Association: investments focused to strengthening community associations, in
relation to participation and social control.
3. Bolsa Floresta Income generation: investments in productive inclusion activities in the battle
against poverty and for environmental preservation.
4. Bolsa Floresta Social: improvements in the quality of life by investing in the community, with
the purpose of overcoming its social vulnerability situation.
In relation to verification and monitoring of the PBF, FAS publishes a yearly management report,
which shows information about the administration of financial resources. Every six months,
PricewaterhouseCoopers runs an audit free of charge. However, there is no information available
about carbon stocks monitoring, as well as the activities implemented by FAS directed to the
general public. This could raise questions about the foundation’s transparency, generating
discredit from the civil society in relation to PBF’s effectiveness.
B) REDD Juma7 project
Developed by FAS in partnership with SDS and IDESAM, the REDD Juma was established in 2008. It
aims at restraining deforestation and its subsequent GHG emissions in an area under pressure in
the State of Amazonas. In this project, 339 families8 have beneficiated. It also receives technical
support from IDESAM.
7 Information accessed at the FAS website. Available on: http://fas-amazonas.org/projeto-rds-do-juma/projeto-de-redd-da-rds-do-juma/.
8 Fundação Amazonas Sustentável, Relatório Juma (2008).
Between 2008 and 2012, Marriott International hotels network financed the implementation of
the project with a yearly investment of US$500 thousand, fully invested in the project’s activities,
as well as on the PBF in the Juma RDS (Sustainable Developmnet Reserve, a category of Protected
Area in Amazonas).
The project was validated following the CCBA –Climate, Community and Biodiversity
Alliance criteria. The German TÜV SÜD9 issued the validation, granting the project the Gold quality
standard.
Until 2016, the implementation of the programme must reduce deforestation of 7,799 hectares
(19,971,75 acres) of rainforest, which corresponds to avoiding the emission of 3,611,723 tonnes of
CO2 into the atmosphere.
Apart from the weather benefits expected from the reduction of GHG emissions, it is expected to
generate different social and environmental benefits in the area of the project, by financially
supporting the following activities:
Strengthening of environmental control and regulation,
Income generation through sustainable businesses,
Community development, scientific research and education, and
Direct payment for environmental services by Bolsa Floresta Family
The FAS, in partnership with Imazon, is in charge of monitoring deforestation. However, the
monitoring results have not been published yet. The project’s results to improve the quality of life
and control deforestation in this area of influence are questioned. FAS has not provided any
feedback about it.
4.3 Biofílica Environmental Investments
This is a private company, focused on the management and conservation of forests, by the
commercialization of environmental services, and investment in research and socioeconomic
development of the people and communities living within the projects’ area.
9 Institution that acts in validation and certification of carbon credits.
With the objective of contributing to the creation and development of a solid and trustable
environmental credits market, Biofilica invests in an innovative business model that allows
deforestation reduction, valorisation of forest conservation and carbon emissions reduction.
Through these activities, environmental conservation is an economically interesting activity for
forest owners, communities, governments and investors.
It has worked in private areas of the Amazonian states (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia).
Nonetheless, only the Jari/Amapá REDD+ Project is in execution phase. The others are in the design
phase.
A) Jarí REDD+ Project, Amapá
The project, already in progress, is carried out in a private area, implemented with its own and
private resources. It intends to establish in the future the sale of carbon credits. The largest
obstacle to which is the lack of federal or state regulation on the subject for the commercialization
of carbon credits.
It intends to associate REDD+ to Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) by linking 48 small producers in the
project area. The SAFs, in formulation phase, are carried out with banana, manioc, açaí berry and
Amazonian fruits and have the aim of granting food security, as well as generating income with the
selling of the exceeding production in local and regional markets. Biofilica acts along with other
partners (local government and Jari Foundation) in technical rural assistance for the establishment
of alternatives to logging and burning, and the increase in productivity and profitability of
cultivation in degraded areas. This support was provided after performing a market analysis study.
The local government has improved the roads to ease the circulation of production. Biofilica
monitors the forestry cover, through the analysis of satellite images.
4.4 HDOM Engineering and Environmental Projects Ltda.
HDOM is a company created by the National Institute of Research of the Amazon (INPA), funded in
2009 and established in the city of Manaus. Its main objective is to develop projects directed to
environmental sustainability and carbon market in forest areas.
It acts technically in developing viability studies, inventories of forest biomass, socioenvironmental
assessments, allometric equation adjustment, historic of deforestation projection and the
elaboration of the Project Design Document (PDD).
It has made forest inventories for forest carbon stock estimates in municipalities of Amazonas
(Borba, Manicoré, Novo Aripuanã) and Rondônia (Machadinho d’Oeste); has also participated in
the study of projects’ viability and the development of the allometric equation in Acre (Sena
Madureira).
It performs its monitoring by means of field analysis and temporal analysis of satellite orbital
images.
It receives funding from private and public sources, as well as from international cooperation.
4.5 Instituto de Conservação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amazonas – IDESAM
Idesam (Amazonas Conservation and Sustainable Development Institute) is a non-profit non-
governmental organization, founded in 2004, independent and run under the private law regime.
It coordinates and executes projects, research and scientific studies focused on the preservation
and sustainable development of the Amazonian region.
It has worked in partnership with the SDS in the design of the REDD+ State System. It has also
developed the proposal for the carbon credits allocation based on stock-flow, presented and
validated by all 7 Amazonian states before the federal government.
4.6 Selected projects in REDD+
4.6.1 Suruí Carbon Project – Indigenous Land Sete de Setembro, Rondônia
IDESAM took part in the technical coordination of the Suruí Carbon Project, in the Sete de
Setembro Indigenous Land, in the State of Rondônia, participating in aspects related to forest
carbon, such as building base-line scenarios, quantifying the reduction of emissions and carbon
stockage, the preparation of the Project’s Design Document (PDD) and its validation process. The
project was validated under the CCB and VCS standards in April 2012.
The Suruí Carbon Project made its first sale of indigenous carbon credits with international
certification in September, 2013. Natura, buyer of the equivalent to the emission of 120 thousand
tonnes of carbon, sees this negotiation as a way of compensating for its industrial emissions. The
money received from the carbon sale will be used in the activities developed by the Suruí Paiter
indigenous people, as stipulated in the planning of the Indigenous Territories that includes 284
thousand hectares of Amazon rainforest, focusing on its conservation.
The process of the conception of PDD took about three years (2007-2010), with six institutions
taking part in the research and training tasks10.
4.6.2 Neutral Carbon Programme - IDESAM
This four-year-old programme supports the establishment of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) in
degraded areas of the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS Uatumã) in order to
generate income and food security for the traditional population of the UC. This will avoid clearing
new forest areas for livelihood production, avoiding, thus, deforestation. Plantations are
performed in areas near the houses, to facilitate the production and the monitoring of the
initiative. Agroforestry production can be framed within the carbon stocks enrichment scope,
10 Available on: http://www.idesam.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/PCFS_DCP_V1.2.pdf
eligible for REDD+ mechanisms. Monitoring is performed by visiting the field, and the analysis of
satellite images.
The SDS, responsible for managing the UC, monitors the initiative.
IDESAM develops other projects in the Amazon, related to non-wood products value chains, further
listed in Item 5.6.
Institutions in value chains in Amazonas
The activities involving value chains of non-wood products in Amazonas are developed and
articulated by several associations, cooperatives, NGOs, government institutions and cooperation
agencies, which varies depending on the product, as well as on the production season. Therefore,
it is usual to see the same institution performing different activities due to the seasonal character
of the production; its participation also changes depending on the extraction, transportation,
processing and commercialization conditions.
The state government institutions involved are:
- SDS and State Department for Rural Production of Amazonas (SEPROR): capacity to formulate
environmental and forest policies;
- Institute of Agricultural Development and Sustainable Forestry of the Amazonas State (IDAM):
responsible for forest extension activities and rural technical assistance, supporting small and
extractivist producers;
- ADS: promotes marketing of products originated in the forest;
- Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas (IPAAM): autarchy organism linked to SDS,
responsible for environmental licensing, regulating and monitoring.
GIZ has supported for many years both federal and state governments in the development of plans
of action aimed at the improvement of the value chains of sociobiodiversity products. Due to the
large territorial dimension of Amazonas, initiatives are sparse and there isn’t effective control or
monitoring on production and marketing, which generates informal market conditions for these
products.
The search for added value through certification is a desirable path for most of the cooperatives
and associations. However, there are many barriers and limitations to legalise their activities, such
as lack of the necessary trained human resources, and shortness of working capital. Another
difficulty is the dependency on middlemen who impose low prices to buy from the associations
that end up selling, considering there are no other options for the sale.
Next is a set of value chains of non-wood potential products from Amazonas, as well as
experiences involving non-governmental institutions and private initiatives in different stages of
the value chain.
5.1. Rubber (Hevea spp)
Rubber productive chain involves 17 municipalities in Amazonas, comprehending 1,725 rubber
tappers that produce 1,000 t/year (ADS, 2012).
The state government supported the building of two processing plants, located in Manicoré and
Iranduba, in the years of 2007 and 2011, respectively.
Private partnership was sought, aiming to consolidate the commercialization of rubber, through
the company Neotec/Levorin, which holds a demand of 6,000 t/year for the manufacturing of
motorcycle and bicycle tires.
The subvention programme of raw natural rubber is established by Law 2,611/2000, regulated by
Decree 23.636/2003, that raised the value of the subvention from R$0,70 to R$1,00.
There is also the Rubber Promotion Programme, created by AFEAM (Funding Agency of the State
of Amazonas), with credit lines for labour instruments for the extraction of rubber, provisions and
road opening. Extractivists may access the resources through associations and cooperatives to
sustain themselves on the first months of work. It aims, therefore, to the strengthening of the
activity through incentives to attract more producers to the first link of the extraction/production
chain.
4.1.1 Selected Project – Association of Rural Producers of Carauari (ASPROC)
According to the ASPROC delegate, production of rubber reached over 52 tonnes in the Middle
Juruá river area, in 2012, but was followed by a fall due to the delay in the payment of the state
subvention. In the meantime, a negotiation is underway to sell the production of rubber in the
region to Neotec/Levorin.
5.2 Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa)
In the last decades, the Brazil nut has become a promising product due to its demand/supply based
on its nutritional properties and the generation of jobs and income.
The state government of Amazonas, supported by SEPOR and IDAM created a programme in 2003
to strengthen the Brazil nut productive chain seeks to stimulate the generation of jobs and income
linked to environmental conservation.
In addition, GIZ supported IDAM in the development of a Plan of Action for 23 municipalities in
Amazonas. A specific plan was also prepared for the city of Boca do Acre. These plans have not yet
been implemented to lack of financial and human resources.
The state government implemented five Brazil nut processing plants in the municipalities of
Lábrea, Manicoré, Boca do Acre, Amaturá and Beruri. These plants are under the management of
the civil society through its organizations:
* Association of Agroextractivists Producers of Sardinha's Colony (COOPMAS) – Lábrea;
* Green Cooperative of Manicoré (Covema);
* Association of Brazil nuts Producers of Amaturá (Aprocam);
* Association of Producers of the Antimari Agroextractivists Settlement Project (Atapaea), in Boca
do Acre; and
* Association of Farmers of Beruri.
As a whole, the challenges for this productive chain are:
- lack of market access by producers’ association and cooperatives;
- adding value near the production area;
- guaranteeing quality in primary handling (drying and stocking):
- developing new products for the retail market; and
- promoting organic certification and fair trade.
5.2.1 Selected project11 – Association of Agroextractivists Producers of Sardinha's Colony
(COOPMAS)
COOPMAS participates in almost all of the Brazil nut chain stages, collecting, processing and
marketing. They are not able to reach the final buyer, although they seek many partners in order
to find solutions and strategies for accessing the market. At different points, they received support
from several organizations with technical assistance, organization and training for traditional
communities and indigenous peoples from the protected areas. ADS has helped in the search for
markets and advised the associations and cooperatives in the marketing area.
Primary transport is divided in two stages, the first one, from the collecting point to a strategic
point where the cooperative is able to arrive. The second one happens when a significant volume is
reached, so that transportation costs are viable. Whenever possible, they profit from the presence
of partner institutions (local government, IDAM, SDS) to reduce transportation costs. When those
institutions are absent, transportation costs are paid by COOPMAS.
Processing is 100% made by COOPMAS in the plant. IDAM supports them with technical assistance
and the necessary paperwork for the licensing of the activity. ADS has supported the mounting of
equipment and the processing plant’s organization. Residues generated in this stage are used for
composting the families’ vegetable-gardens to increase the production of food in the communities.
Secondary transport comes after processing in the plant, where nuts and almonds are void-
packaged in 20kg packages.
Part of the commercialization, about 10%, is destined to school meals, through the state
government’s Food Acquiring Programme (PAA). The company CAIBA Indústria e Comércio12
purchases nearly 90% of the production (by contract) for national and international markets. Most
of the product’s commercialization is concentrated in Sao Paulo, that ends up regulating the
market price. However, the best price for these nuts is paid by PAA.
COOPMAS commercializes only 1% of its production to the final consumer, but it intends to
broaden its access to the market by certifying its products.
11 Information gathered at the workshop “Cadeias de valor de produtos não madeireiros e REDD+ no Amazonas, Brasil”, held on 14th november 2013.
12 http://www.caiba.com.br/empresa.php
The most positive benefit already mentioned was the addition of value to the local product,
generating jobs and income for the communities involved. About 150 cooperative members and 70
jobs created at the plant, which didn’t happen before the establishment of the processing plant.
Among the challenges to overcome there is lack of infrastructure that has limited the development
of the activity, causing the use of only 20% of the production potential. The goal is an increase of
60% in production capacity, once infrastructure improvements are made. Access to credit is
difficult as there aren’t enough trained professionals to develop projects for public bids (Brazilian
Development Bank - BNDES). This is very common in many institutions in Amazonas, limiting the
development of new products, the addition of value and, subsequently, diminishes the possibility
of reaching more markets by product diversification and higher prices. Taxes on production are
high and a tax reform is necessary to reduce the pressure on primary producers. Middlemen
activity represents a deterrent for fair trade.
Among the lessons learned, commercialization contracts between cooperatives and the private
sector is a high point; this allows better safety conditions for the people involved in the extraction
and processing of Brazil nut.
5.3 Meliponiculture
The objective of the Meliponiculture Programme is to establish breeding and handling native wild
bees as an income generating activity, enhancing the productive process at a commercial scale that
may give the meliponines’ honey quality, health conditions and purity, compatible with national
and international standards.
According to data from IDAM (2013), a pilot was set up in the city of Benjamin Constant. The
increase in production is expected after implementing a honey processing facility, on the first
semester of 2013.
5.4 Piaçava13 (Leopoldinia piassaba)
The Piaçava programme seeks to strengthen the productive chain and empower the piaçabeiros
(piaçava extractivists), promoting improvement in their quality of life. It proposes a plan of action
that facilitates economic and territorial zoning and training of piaçabeiros in the municipalities of
high and middle Rio Negro, along with all the actors in this chain. The plan also establishes the
regulatory framework for the activity.
GIZ supported the IDAM to develop a plan of action for the piaçava value chain in the city of
Barcelos; although, due to shortness of resources, it hasn’t been executed.
Piaçava extracted in Amazonas is softer than the one from Bahia, but still competes in the national
market of brooms.
There are allegations of slavery of piaçabeiros and the state government has tried to find a solution
to it, organizing inter-institutional meetings and exchange of experiences.
Table 1. Number of beneficiaries and production volume in the state of Amazonas.
Non-wood producers – Piaçava/per city in the state of Amazonas, 2012 – IDAM
Cities Beneficiaries Production (t)
Barcelos 100 500
Santa Isabel do Rio Negro
332 500
São Gabriel da Cachoeira
60 300
Novo Aripuanã 8 16
Benjamin Constant 6 1
TOTAL 506 1317
13 Piaçava is a palm fibre used to make brooms and brushes.
Source: IDAM, 2012.
5.5 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
The cocoa productive chain is promising for the economy of riverside populations living on the
banks of the Madeira river. Cocoa is well adapted to the climatic and environmental conditions of
the Amazonian rainforest and it is a product widely used around the world, receiving an increasing
demand.
Although it holds special properties for consumption and allows the participation of small family
production, organic and fair trade certification have not granted it a market differential.
The study14 made by CEPLAC, IDAM, FAS and local producers identified the following obstacles:
- inadequate infrastructure for primary handling of cocoa seed production (drying and
fermentation)
- lack of knowledge about proper techniques for cocoa handling;
- unavailability of commercialization via association of producers (production’s organization and
working capital);
- lack of knowledge about potential market/market channels.
14 2012 Activities Report. Fundação Amazonas Sustentável.
5.6 Agroforestry systems (SAFs)
According to the Brazilian forest code (Law 12,651/2012), SAFs can be adopted in areas of Reserva
Legal15 the objective of which is forest preservation. Apart from the strategy for food security, it
has local and regional market potential for exceeding production. Lately, the federal government
has launched the Agroforestry and Organic Production National Plan to promote local
development. There is great potential in fruit production, focused on the food industry.
Nonetheless, activities in Amazonas, are incipient and sparse.
5.6.1 Selected projects – Instituto de Conservação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amazonas
(IDESAM)
The institute has strong presence in the city of Apuí (one of the most deforested in the Amazon) in
which it develops activities focused on forestry-based economy and low carbon, sustainable
production and financial mechanisms for forest preservation.
It is the sole institution that stands out in the context of value chains and REDD+ because it has
worked with activities diversification, promoting local entrepeneurship with the communities,
where it associates community-base tourism and non-wood products value chains (fruit pulps and
oils) in the RDS Uatumã.
A) Coffee project – Coffee in agroforestry systems to strength low carbon economy in Apuí.
Although it is not strictly an Amazonian product, it fits a due to the social and environmental
context of southern Amazonas. However it might not be a BioTrade product which focuses on
native species.
15
Reserva Legal corresponds to the 80% of private land (in Amazonian Rainforest) that should remain untouched, though the new forest code allows the establishment of SAFs, making it more productive.
Apuí county is located in southern Amazonas, by the trans-Amazonian highway (BR-230) – the
most important frontier for deforestation in the state. Deforestation in the area is mostly
associated to extensive cattle breeding: many forest areas are destroyed and turned into low
productivity pasture that follow a circle of continuous expansion in new lands. Apuí is the third
most deforested area in Amazonas (behind Lábrea and Boca do Acre) and has the third largest
herd in the state, with nearly 137 thousand heads16.
This initiative, created and implemented by IDESAM, aims to promote and strengthen the
“agroecological coffee” productive chain in Apuí as a sustainable alternative of income generation
in order to stop deforestation countywide. The importance of the contribution of coffee to Apuí’s
economy justifies the initiative, though it is being gradually left aside because of lack of incentives,
technical support and difficulties in commercialization. There are only 200 active coffee producers
in the county, today; production reached 4,960 sacks/year, between 2008 and 2012, short for the
potential of Apuí.
To reach the objective, the project is structured in key axes:
1. Increase in productivity and quality of coffee by adopting agroecological techniques;
2. Partnership of producers that produce of agrarian and forest species of economic and food
interest;
3. Market research and incentives for commercialization and consumption of agroecological
coffee, adding value to environmental services offered by the agroforest systems, especially
climate benefits.
B) Forest business incubator, in Uatumã RDS.
It acts all across the activities of IDESAM programmes. Its objective is to demonstrate the
economic value of the forest and promote the establishment of productive chains compatible to
the Amazonian biome, such as: non-wood forest management, agroforestry systems and
technological systems of low environmental impact for sociobiodiversity products processing.
16 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2011.
Bearing that objective, the initiative provides technical, administrative, commercial and accounting
support to business projects based on the traditional knowledge of the communities of inner
Amazonas. Specially the RDS Uatumã, has strong potential for fruit production (pulp for food and
seeds for cosmetics). The biggest challenges are related to the geographical isolation of the
communities, and the absence of long-lasting technical support, mainly in management, access to
credit, developing productive chains and marketing.
5.7 Açaí berry17 (Euterpe oleracea)
In Amazonas, part of the collected açaí is bought by the federal government’s PPA and distributed
among local schools.
In the Middle Juruá river area, traditionally an extractivist region, viability researches of trade
between açaí extrativists associations and Coca-Cola are underway, as the latter has developed a
banana-and-açaí-berry-extract-based soft drink. Coca-Cola has already signed contracts with local
açaí berry producers in the Madeira river region, whose project under implementation. According
to ASPROC, in 2011, 995 t of açaí berry were produced in the Middle Juruá river region.
5.8 Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)18
Pirarucu, a species classified in the CITES (Appendix 2), has a tasty flesh that is highly appreciated,
and favours its consumption, therefore, creating large market at national level. The pirarucu
fishery is a very strong activity specially developed in the area of RDS Mamirauá, included in the
Ramsar Sites list in 1993.
The management of pirarucu is conducted in managed fishing areas (lakes, streams, rivers)
17 During the açaí berry harvest season, all the people are fully engaged in the tasks involving this chain, hence it wasn’t possible to gather more information.
18 Fishing season activities made it impossible to gather further information.
through the establishment of Fishery Agreements. These are instruments intended to organize the
activity, avoiding the species population reserves to be compromised by overfishing. This activity
includes a large number of riverside populations in Amazonas, generating income during the
fishing season.
Taking into account only the fishing activity in the state’s UCs, the volume of production19 until
2010 was estimated between 1,000 and 1,500 t, but this was based on quotas of the breading
areas for that time. Approximately three years ago, fishing areas went from 12 to 17, a 41%
increase. Even without a study that considers other potential areas, pirarucu holds a great
potential for local, regional and national economy. However, further studies are needed to learn
about the capacity of its water ecosystems and the organization of the communities.
5.9 Seed oils, essential oils
There is great BioTrade potential in seed oils thanks to the vastness of Amazonian species and their
wide distribution in almost all of the state of Amazonas. Oils from andiroba (Carapa guianensis
Aubl.), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), babaçu (Orbignya phalerata), murumuru (Astrocaryum
murumuru) and copaiba (Copaifera sp), among others, provide economic alternatives for the
riverside communities that contribute for the forest conservation. Another perspective is the
possibility of producing biofuel, less toxic and environmentally friendly.
GIZ supported the elaboration of two plans of action for the seed oils value chain in the
municipalities of Boca do Acre and Silves. These were not executed because of lack of resources to
implement the activities.
Among the obstacles that need to be overcome are:
- lack of safety equipment for harvesting and handling of fruits;
- there isn’t enough primary processing infrastructure (dryers and presses);
- lack of working capital for product commercialization, and
- small buying market.
19 Information provided at the Manaus Desk by an ISA technician who worked for over ten years in the pirarucu chain
In the middle Juruá River, the production of oil from the seeds of andiroba and murumuru is an
important option for income generation; these are used especially in the cosmetic industry.
5.9.1 Selected project – Association of Rural Producers of Carauari (ASPROC)
The association is located in Carauari, a region traditionally dedicated to extractivist activities. It
has worked for 22 years, ten of which organizing the riverside production and marketing,
supporting value chains of sociobiodiversity products and proposing public policies to establish
minimum prices for sociobiodiversity products. Apart from the oil, it also acts in the pirarucu and
rubber20 chains.
ASPROC promotes the trade of the products from communities located four days away (by boat)
from Carauari, distributing their production to processing cooperatives and supplying them with
basic products at fair prices. It improves the access of the community products to local and
regional markets, avoiding middlemen, also known as hagglers, who used to establish abusive
prices in negotiations. The products bought and circulated are destined to cosmetics sector
(murumuru and andiroba seeds for oil extraction), natural ingredients (açaí) and natural fibres
(rubber and cipó-titica (Heteropsis Jenmani). This initiative developed by ASPROC, known as
“Comércio Ribeirinho da Cidadania e Solidário”, received a prize from Millennium Development
Goals21 in 2012.
Riverside commerce involves 500 families distributed all along the Juruá river communities. There
isn’t available data about average monthly per-family income, obtained from the sales of
extractivist products.
A cooperative (Roque Community) extracts oils from andiroba and murumuru seeds and sells them
to Natura22, a cosmetics company. The relationship between ASPROC and Natura begun in 1999
with the sale of oils extracted, partially through industrial process and partially through traditional
artisan methods. At the beginning, prices were set by Natura, which created conflicts with the
communities and tension during negotiations. ASPROC, based on a study of the costs of oil
20 Mentioned on the item 5.1.1.
21 http://www.odmbrasil.gov.br/sobre/vencedores/4a-edicao-2011/comercio-ribeirinho-da-cidadania-e-solidario.
22 Contact with the company to gather further information was unsuccessful due to end-of.year schedule
incompatibility.
production, succeeded in conducting the negotiations with Natura to establish a price according to
volume and costs of oil production. The implementation of the Middle Juruá Fund was another
lesson learned; the fund was established three years ago and provides R$200 thousand/year
(about USD 1000,000/year) for small associations projects. The call for projects is made through a
bidding process using project selection criteria and focusing on the improvement of value chains. It
is managed by a Management Committee formed by representatives of the government
(Biodiversity Conservation Chico Mendes Institute (ICMBio) and SDS/CEUC) and private institutions
(National Council of Rubber Tappers (CNS) and Natura).
6. Handicraft
6.1 Selected projects - Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro (FOIRN)
FOIRN, an institution gathering 90 indigenous associations distributed all along Rio Negro, works
with indigenous handicraft marketing. Still at formulation stage, the initiative includes Agroforestry
Systems involving 23 indigenous peoples that use different natural fibres (tucum - Artrocaryum
chambira, piaçava - Leopoldinia piassaba, pau-brasil - Guilandina echinata, arumã fibre -
Ischnosiphon arouma, pau de corva), tucum seeds and ceramic. FOIRN has supported the access to
regional and national markets of its beneficiaries products. This was financed through its own
resources as well as from the Socioambiental Institute (ISA).
The Baniwa indigenous people art stands out, commercializing arumã baskets that are sold at
some handicraft markets around the country.
6.2 Association of Artisan of Novo Airão (AANA) and Almerinda Malaquias Foundation
AANA and the Almerinda Malaquias Foundation work with braided arumã (Ischnosiphon arouma)
fibre and with dead wood (waste from saw mills and from the local wood industry in logging
areas), in a fair circuit of handicraft production and marketing, preserving the forest, traditions and
cultural heritage.
Selling of handicrafts results in an alternative income for artisans, enhanced by potential demand
of local tourist.
6.3 Selected projects: Natural ingredients - Socioambiental Institute (ISA) and Indigenous
Organization of the Içana river basin (OIBI)
The search for sustainable economic alternatives for their communities, more and more
threatened by illegal mining, drug trade and predatory extractivism, made the Baniwa indigenous
people (located on the Indigenous Land, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas) invest on the
jiquitaia pepper23. This good can be produced in socioenvironmental value chains and sold in
Brazil, as well as on the international market.
In the last three years, after market trails, the “Pimenta Baniwa” pepper has been promoted
among chefs, especially in cities like Manaus, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, as well as in tasting
events and visits to São Gabriel da Cachoeira and the Içana river. The business plan for “Pimenta
Baniwa” was elaborated focusing on the strong social and economic viability of the initiative. Since
then, the Baniwas are looking for the support of different segments of society to implement the
project. One of the main achievements so far is the opening of the first store of “Baniwa Pepper
House” in the commuinty of Tunui Cachoeira, in middle Icana River. The store offers local and
utensils appropriate for processing, packaging and stocking of the jiquitaia produced from peppers
cultivated by the women in the fields and pepper gardens they keep in their yards.
23 Jiquitaia pepper is a mix from various different types of peppers cultivated by indigenous women.
7. Obstacles
The obstacles were identified in the questionnaires answered by the institutions that work with
REDD+ and value chains, and also thanks to the contributions gathered during the workshop in
Manaus, Amazonas.
Legal instruments
Excessive requirements for land tenure regularization, environmental licensing, accreditation
and certification;
Excessive bureaucracy for the legalization of social organizations, small businesses and
cooperatives;
Delay in the environmental licensing of management plans;
Lack of legal instruments referring to non-wood products, except pirarucu;
Labour issues must be reviewed and improved for the producer/extractivist’s safety;
Lack of regulation to support the recovery of degradated areas in UCs in Amazonas and
incentives for agroforestry production;
Brazilian legislation on access to genetic patrimony and related traditional knowledge, as well as
on the distribution of benefits, is inadequate due to the fragility/limited understanding that
companies and communities have in relation to the associated legal requirements. In 2007 a
bill was issued, and in 2011 its discussion was retaken more strongly, but still needs to be
revised/broaden;
The necessary procedures for the companies to perform bioprospection are too slow. On the
other hand, communities don’t feel protected by the legislation. As a whole, small companies
can’t fulfil all the necessary requisites (e.g.: for a company to issue the bioprospection request
it has to already have signed a contract with the communities to use the product/knowledge,
without knowing if production is viable). The communities have difficulties understanding the
law and thinking about their rights, apart from facing difficulties to negotiate fairer contracts.
In relation to the distribution of benefits, Brazil falls short form other countries in terms of the
distributed amount. While in other countries 0,7% of the net profit, in Brazil, it is about 0,05%.
The sector that has distributed larger benefits is the cosmetics one, in opposition to the
pharmaceutical, whose distribution is almost inexistent.
Bureaucratic barrier to legalize non-profit organizations;
Access to public resources
Bureaucracy to release public funds;
Little access for civil society organizations (associations and NGOs) to public resources due to
excessive bureaucracy and little flexibility in the use of resources;
Taxes and fees
Excessive taxation on non-wood products marketing, increasing production costs;
Few tax exemptions;
Government institutions
Insufficient infrastructure and inefficiency of some public organisms that offer inadequate
information, delay or make not viable the procedures of non-wood products value chains;
Absence of public policies and lack of incentives to the production of environmentally friendly
products (e.g. organic);
Infrastructure
Precarious or missing adequate infrastructure in rural areas;
Limited infrastructure for the transportation of production (railroads and roads in bad
conditions, in addition to transportation options);
Human resources and business vision
Institutions with insufficient financial resources and underqualified human resources to deal
with REDD+ and BioTrade issues;
Lack of technical training of the associations for commercial activities; and
The companies still don’t feel motivated enough to invest in products and services that are
socially and environmentally sustainable.
8. Needs
- Disseminate the concept of BioTrade to stakeholders identified in the mapping exercise, as it is
not known in Amazonas;
- Broaden the learning and discussion about REDD+ among the stakeholders related to value
chains of non-wood products in Amazonas;
- Promote the exchange of experiences with BioTrade and REDD+ initiatives in other countries.
This would broaden the knowledge of the stakeholders in Amazonas involved in the value chains of
non-wood products and of the interested municipal governments;
- Identify potential stakeholders in the industry that may have interest in Amazonas;
- Strongly identify, articulate and integrate the private sector to the local/traditional communities
and indigenous peoples associations implemented in other states of the Brazilian Amazonian
region. Also establish an exchange of experiences based on good practices;
- Develop opportunity cost studies at a regional scale (considering microbasins as a geographic
element for planning) using as criteria the deforestation pressure and the potential to develop
BioTrade products in those regions;
- Promote and support effective monitoring of the forest cover in government institutions in
order to establish a relation of their value chain practices and the prevention of deforestation;
- Strengthen civil society organizations such as associations and cooperatives;
- Promote, among the state government institutions, the analysis of the legal instruments
involving value chains of non-wood products and environmental services, in order to establish
coherence between the available instruments;
- Develop accessible communication tools with appropriate language about BioTrade Initiative,
REDD+ and the synergy with non-wood products value chains; and
- Stimulate the improvement of the infrastructure by partnering with private initiatives and
municipal governments.
9. Opportunities
- 97% of the Amazon rainforest has the potential to develop BioTrade activities;
- vast biodiversity with a wide distribution of species on the territory, generating high BioTrade
potential;
- cultural diversity: traditional peoples, riverside communities, 63 indigenous people adding social
and cultural value to BioTrade products;
- The low level of competition among private sector companies in Amazonas could attract new
market entrants, thus, making possible the development of new BioTrade products;
- from the exchange of experiences with BioTrade and REDD+ initiatives developed in other
countries, promote that the stakeholders of Amazonas learn more about it;
- sharing experiences and lessons learned from the good practices in Amazonas, such as:
o ASPROC and Natura with seed oils;
o ASPACS and ACIBA with Brazil nut;
o IDESAM and associations from the RDS Uatumã with Carbon Neutral and SAFs;
o ISA and OIB with Baniwa pepper;
o FOIRN and ISA with indigenous handicraft;
o Almerinda Malaquias Institute with artisan associations from municipalities under
deforestation pressure (see Figure 1);
- The precedent to develop community projects due to the Carbono Suruí in Indigenous Land
(state of Rondônia) that made the first sale of carbon credits to Natura;
- Many NGOs have experience in monitoring the forest cover and the use of natural resources
(IDESAM, FVA, ISA, Imazon);
- Large number of associations involved in activities of non-wood products value chains
(production/extraction) all over Amazonas;
- High degree of interest in the BioTrade Initiative by civil society associations, NGOs, local
governments for it shows potential to:
o Increase direct benefits for the communities
o Work with value chains that may increase the number of families involved
o Stimulate the participation of the young in value chains
- Amazônia Fund (Federal Decree 6,527/2008), apart from financing projects focused on reducing
deforestation, 20% of the resources is focused on the development of deforestation monitoring
and control systems in other tropical countries.
10. Formulation/adaptation of strategies
In 2014, the FIFA World Cup as well as state and federal elections will take place in Brazil. These
events will generate extra holidays and could complicate the preparation BioTrade activities
(logistics, accommodation). Therefore, is advised that any potential activity of the BioTrade
Initiative to be implemented in Brazil in 2014 be carefully planned in order to avoid being impacted
by these events.
It is, is suggested that the first task to be performed is the articulation of non-government
institutions and the private sector, to enhance their awareness and knowledge on BioTrade and its
relation to REDD+.
Below are some guidelines for a possible implementation of a pilot-project:
1. Selection of potential/strategic areas (Figure 1), such as
Two types of areas could be considered:
Areas under deforestation pressure: Manaus Metropolitan Area and Southern
Amazonas (respectively, 19% and 52% of the deforestation in the State take place in
these two areas).
Areas with a deforestation rate trend (11% of the deforestation in the State).
Further analysis would be needed to assess the REDD+ potential of these areas.
2. Selection of the potential project area, some considerations:
The area of the State of Amazonas is formed by about 54% of federal land and
about 41% of state land. Approximately 7,7% of these areas are overlapping. Protected
Areas, Indigenous Lands and settlements are included in the federal areas. Settlements
are at the top of the deforestation ranking, followed by Protected Areas and
Indigenous Land. This happens because of several factors, among which, the lack of
local governance is the most relevant. An accurate research of those areas is needed,
focusing on social conflicts, governance analysis, infrastructure and social aspects.
The first commercialization of carbon credits between an indigenous community
and the private sector (the Suruí Carbon Project) sets an important precedent for new
REDD+ and BioTrade initiatives. After the Indigenous Land is ratified, indigenous
peoples could manage their forest resources, and market the products and
environmental services originated in their territories.
The Suruí Carbon Project, even though it was developed in the absence of
federal or state regulation on REDD+, showed the existence of a potential to
implement REDD+ projects on Indigenous Lands. It also showed the importance of
supporting activities fostering sustainable income generation and food security of the
indigenous peoples for such projects to succeed in this context.
The lack of legislation on REDD+ in Brazil, and particularly in Amazonas, limits the
implementation of BioTrade and REDD+ initiatives in private areas, thus, failing to
grant the right of the communities involved as well as consider that there are other
validation instruments (CCB) and safeguards. Meanwhile, the research of the potential
of BioTrade and REDD+ is already mentioned in the legislation of the States of Mato
Grosso and ACRE.
3. Assessment and analysis of the status of the project area:
Analyze the potential of non-wood products' value chains in priority areas (e.g.
consider production potential, technology, workforce, processing, commercialization,
market research).
Assessment on the project area's governance and possible partnerships to
elaborate and implement a Project Design, as well as prospecting companies
interested in BioTrade. A more robust mapping of the private sector is also needed,
because of the small presence of the sector in Amazonas, related to these subjects.
4. Knowledge and capacities development
Given the knowledge gaps of the stakeholders identified during the mapping, a
strategy for developing a BioTrade project through a synergic relation between non-
wood products value chains and REDD+ should also integrate a capacity building
dimension.
Stakeholders from strategic regions (areas under high deforestation pressure,
such as Southern Amazonas and the Manaus Metropolitan Area) with cultural and
social added differential (Juruá river and Rio Negro basin), should participate in e-
Courses on REDD+ and BioTrade.
Trainings must be performed in Portuguese or any other language the interested actors
speak.
In implementing REDD+ projects, efforts must be made to comply with the free
information access requirements/procedures. This would require time and
resources, as well as the joint effort of several institutions.
Further studies, articulated with Universities (INPA, UEA, UFAM, others) and Research
Institutions, should offer elements on the potential of BioTrade products, and
support the development of new products in accordance with the BioTrade
Principles and Criteria.
The exchange of experiences is also an activity that promotes learning and the
establishment of inter-institutional alliances; hence, organizing these spaces with
the participation of the private sector, associations and local governments is of the
utmost importance.
The search for partnerships with other cooperation agencies is also strategic. GIZ has
shown interest in partnering to develop communication tools for training and
learning, directed to groups working with non-wood products value chain.
ANNEX 1. The main legal instruments in biodiversity, climate change, sociobiodiversity products, and REDD+ in Brazil
Theme Legal Instrument
Biodiversity
Protected Areas National System
Federal Law 9.985/2000
Protected Areas State System of
State Complementary Law 53/2007
Biodiversity National Policy Federal Decree 4.339/2002
Priority Areas for Conservation, Sustainable Use and Benefit Sharing of Brazilian biodiversity and Priority Areas for formulating and implementing public policies, programs, projects and activities under the federal government responsibility
Federal Ordinance 126/2004
Climate Change
Climate Change National Policy Federal Law 12.187/2009 and Federal Decree 7.390/2010
PPCDAm Strategic plan mentioned on Federal Law 12.187/2009
Forestry Law (CAR) Federal Law 12.651/2012
Climate Change State Law State Law 3.135/2007 and State Law 3.184/2007
Bolsa Floresta Programme State Decree 26.958/2007
Indigenous people
National Policy on Territorial and Environmental Management of Indigenous Lands– PNGATI
Federal Decree 7.747/2012
Indigenous Statute Lawi 6.001/1973, Art. 231 of Federal Constitution/1988,
Brazilian Federal Constitution Art. 231/1988
People and Traditional Communities
National Policy on Sustainable Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities
Federal Decree 6.040/2007
Financing fund
Amazonian Fund Federal Decree 6.527/2008
Climate Change National Fund Federal Law 12.114/2009 and Federal Decree 7.343/2010
Transparency Federal Law 12.527/2011
ANNEX 2. Mapping of stakeholders in the Amazonas institutions working in initiatives related to wood products value chains and REDD+
Government
Institutions National
StateMunicipal
Civil society and NGOs
Cooperation International
Private sector
STAKEHOLDERS IN VALUE CHAIN
1 ABOT (Association Barcelense of Tour Operators)
X
2 ADS (Sustainable Development Agency)
X
3 Almerinda Malaquias Foundation X
4 AOBT/AM (Association of Boat Tourism Operators of Amazonas)
X
5 ASPACS (Association of Agroextractivists Producers of Sardinha's Colony
X
6 ASPROC (Association of Rural Producers of Carauari)
X
7 Association of Artisan of Novo Airão X
8 Association of Producers Nova'Arte X
9 Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development
X
10 CEPLAC (Executive Committee on the Cocoa Crop) X
11 CNS (National Council of Rubber Tappers)
X
12 Coca‐Cola X
13 COIAB (Coordenação das Organizações Indígenas da Amazônia)
X
14 CONAB (National Supply Company) X
15 FOIRN (Federation of Indigenous Organizations of Rio Negro)
X
16 FVA (Vitoria Amazonica Foundation) X
17 GIZ ‐ German Technical Cooperation Agency (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
X
18 IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis)
X
19 ICMBio (Biodiversity Conservation Chico Mendes Institute)
X
20 IDAM (Institute of Agricultural Development and Sustainable Forestry of the State of Amazonas)
X
21 IDESAM (Institute for Conservation X
and Sustainable Development of Amazonas)
22 IDSM (Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development)
X
23 INCRA (National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform)
X
24 IPAAM (Amazon Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas)
X
25 IPE (Institute for Ecological Research) X
26 IPI (Piagaçu Institute) X
27 ISA (Socioambiental Institute) X
28 Municipal Department Fairs, Markets, Production and Supply of Manaus
X
29 Natura X
30 OIBI (Indigenous Organization Içana River Basin)
X
31 SDS (State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas) X
32 SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises)
X
33 SEIND (State Department for Indigenous Peoples)
X
34 SEMPAB (Municipal Department of Environment of Manaus)
X
35 SEPLAN (State Department for Planning and Economic Development)
X
36 SEPROR (State Department for Rural Production of Amazonas)
X
37 SUFRAMA (Superintendence of the Manaus Free Trade Zone)
X
38 WCS‐Brazil (Wildlife Conservation Society)
X
39 WWF‐Brazil (World Wide Fund for Nature)
X
STAKEHOLDERS IN REDD+
40 Biofílica Environmental Investments X
41 CECLIMA (State Centre os Climate Change)
X
42 FAS (Amazonas Sustainable Foundation)
X
43 Hdom Engineering and Environmental Projects Ltda
X
44 IDESAM (Institute for Conservation and Sustainable Development of Amazonas)
X
TOTAL 7 8 2 19 1 6
ANNEX 3. Institutions of participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
INSTITUTION TECHINICAL
BRIEF REPORTS AND EXPECTATION Name
Time working in Amazonia
Name and position in institution
Time working in Amazonas
FVA 22 years
Yara Camargo
5 years
Support to strengthen the productive chains, especially Brazil nut in RESEX, piaçava fibre in the middle Rio Negro and arumã fibre with the Association of Artisan of Novo Airão. Management of the organization of activities and training. Implementation of public policies, fundraising and others.
Coordinator for Policy Public Program
Expectation: to achieve the proposed objectives.
ISA 20 years
Guillermo Estupiñán
12 years
Support to the management and organization of fishing, commercial and sport fishing activities in the middle Rio Negro.
Independent Consultant
Expectation: learn about the initiative.
Natasha Mendes
4 years
Acts in the Baniwa Pepper project of the Içana river associations on the high Rio Negro, in São Gabriel da Cachoeira county; has the responsibility of supporting the tasks related to the chain of production and commercialization of handicrafts; makes the link between the people at the base and the final clients.
Technical staff Expectation: to learn and contribute to the BioTrade chain in Amazonas.
ANNEX 3. Institutions of participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
ASPROC 22 years
Antonio Adevaldo Dias
ASPROC’s main mission is to organize and market the riverside production of the region. Rubber, seed oils, legal fishing, açaí berry and palm fibres. The work developed by ASPROC includes almost the whole chain, from the process of organization of the people around their productive process, until placing the product in the market; tries to grant minimum prices and credit access for the families. ASPROC has received an award for its contribution to the reduction of famine in the region.
Projects coordinator
COIAB +20 years
João Neves Sial
4 months
It performs the follow‐up of the COIAB projects, public policies and the implementation of indigenous peoples’ rights
Coordinator Expectation: acquiring and applying new knowledge
SEMMAS 24 years
Maria de Fátima Pereira do Nascimento
7 years
Elaborate and implement projects, conflict mediations, councils and others.
Manager (SEMMAS/Tupé)
Expectation: to enrich knowledge and share experiences.
Angeline Ugarte Amorim
2 years
Manages the protected areas, and also designs a management scenario, that hasn’t render results yet. It started to work with carbon initiatives and with children, in partnership with INPA.
Manager (SEMMAS/APAS)
ICMBIO (Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation)
5 years
Flavio Paim
3 years
Articulate federal public policies with federal Protected Areas.
Environmental analyst
Expectation: to gain experience on the issue and share that information with colleagues
ANNEX 3. Institutions of participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
IDAM 8 years
Vanessa Souza da Silva
6 months
It works on the implementation of the public policies of the government of Amazonas, it also acts in the production of non‐wood products and in the organization of the productive chain of: açaí berry, Brazil nut, fibres (piaçava, cipó‐titica), seed oils (andiroba, buriti, copaiba and murumuru). It also provides technical assistance and rural extension.
Manager Expectation: to understand the function of IDAM in BioTrade.
ASPACL/COOPMAS ‐ Lábrea
17 years
Astrogildo Oliveira Costa 12 years
It collects and processes Brazil nut, seed oils (andiroba and murumuru) and rubber extraction in the county. It supports project that supplies most of the beans used by SEDUC.
President Expectation: to gain experience.
INCRA + 40 years
Leocinira Mendes dos Santos
8 months
They provide assistance, monitoring, licensing, inspections, credit and creation of settlements; credit financing for people settled by INCRA.
Analyst Expectation: to try to implement REDD in the region.
Vinícius Passos Pizzido
7 years
They provide assistance, monitoring, licensing, inspections, credit and creation of settlements; credit financing for people settled by INCRA.
Analyst Expectation: to try to implant REDD in the region.
GIZ 50 years
Johannes Zimpel
5 years
GIZ focus in Brazil is the sustainable use of natural resources; in the state of Amazonas they work with açaí berry, seed oils, cocoa and rubber. They support their partners in the elaboration of public policies for capacity building.
Regional Coordinator
ANNEX 3. Institutions of participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
ADS 10 years
Pedro Luiz Biondo
3 years
Activities are focused to strengthen the production chain of Brazil nut and piaçava, jute and mallow fibre. Promote the awarding of prizes to the producers.
Trade fairs and organic certification manager
WWF‐Brazil 31 years
Marcelo Cortez
3 years
They mainly support projects in the UC. Their activities are developed with two communities in southern Amazonas focused on the production of their main products, copaiba seed oil and wood.
Conservation Analyst
Expectation: To improve knowledge and maintain the same line of thought with works focused on REDD+ and BioTrade.
WCS‐Brazil 15 years
Carlos C. Durigan
20 years
Research and technical support. WCS doesn’t have a specific initiative for productive chains.
Amazon Program Director
Expectation: Better understanding of REDD+ to develop projects that fit its objectives.
IDESAM 9 years
André Luiz Menezes Viana
6 years
Provides support through technical assistance. Its main activity is to capture carbon emissions with different species of flora.
Forestry Management Coordinator Program
They support the associations with the sale of their products and training.
IDAM 18 years
Nadiele Pacheco
8 years
Its main activity is the technical support to producers in the different value chains of non‐wood products.
Head of Forestry Department
Expectation: How can IDAM link its activities to BioTrade and REDD+?
FOIRN 26 years José Maria Gomes Iana
7 years Elaborate projects to train leaders and fundraising. Discuss public policies.
ANNEX 3. Institutions of participants, years working in Amazonas, brief reports and expectation of participants in workshop in Amazonas, Brazil
Projects Manager Expectation: learn more about REDD+ and try to raise funds to benefit all the actors involved.
Hdom Engineering and Environmental
Projects Ltda 4 years
Francisco Higuchi
4 years
Work in environmental consultancy, elaborate and execute sustainable development projects, plan for forest management.
Partner/director Expectation: keep up‐to‐date with the discussions in order to improve knowledge.
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
METHODOLOGY
The methodology was defined in two preparatory meetings with the moderators hired, on November 4th and 11th, 2013.
Based on the Guidelines for a methodology for the implementation of workshops for the promotion of Value Chains (GTZ-Brazil and MMA, 2009), Steps 1 and 2 of the Value Links-Biodiversity1 methodology were used for the development of the activities during the workshop.
Forty-eight key actors were invited, considered relevant in developing Value Chains in the State of Amazonas, among (i) Governmental Institutions, (ii) Non-governmental Organizations and (iii) private initiatives to raise information related to value chains and REDD+. The focus was on the identification of opportunities, needs and obstacles to improve/work on, in order to achieve a possible integration of the productive chains that count with REDD+ arrangements; and between private initiatives and the communities. The information gathered in Amazonas (questionnaire, meetings and workshop) was also useful for the development of training for leaders and decision-makers from companies that intend to establish good practices and designs involving forest conservation and the search for demand for environmental products and services.
At the workshop, the two first steps were carried out according to the following programme:
8:30‐9:00 Registration of participants
9:00‐9:15 Opening
9:15‐9:30 Presentation of Plan Agenda
9:30‐9:50 Presentation of Training Manual
9:50‐10:00 Plenary ‐ Questions
10:00‐10:15 Break ‐ coffee break
10:15‐10:30
Presentation of work methodology
Presentation of participants
10:30‐12:00
Activity 1 ‐ Local analysis of reality
Mapping of actors
12:00‐13:30 Lunch
13:30‐14:30 Presentation of Results of Activity 1
14:30‐15:30
Activity 2 ‐ Analysis of chain or productive sector
Mapping of specific data
15:30‐15:45 Break ‐ coffee break
15:45‐16:45 Presentation of Results of Activity 2
16:45‐17:30 Finish
1 Steps 1 and 2 of the Value Links methodology are similar to what the “Guidelines for a
Methodology to Support Value Chains for BioTrade Products” proposes in its steps 1, 2 and3.
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
A power-point presentation was used to introduce the methodology and the instructions to perform the group activities, and afterwards its slides were posted on the wall-panels. The information raised by the participants was registered in cards following the Metaplan technique and their interventions and contributions were registered in a report form.
Finally, at the end of the activity, the participants filled out the assessment form while other considerations were registered on the panels.
PARTICIPANT’S INTRODUCTION
Each participant filled out an identification card and presented it to the others, according to their position in the Value Chain.
The participants were divided into two groups in order to have equal number of members, according to their position in the Value Chain in each group (since there were no participants who developed REDD+ initiatives), their experiences with the resource to be mapped and their territory of action. The mapped products during the activities correspond to the resources exploited by the workers of the chain present in the workshop (Brazil nut and copaiba oil).
ACTIVITY 1 – MAPPING THE ACTORS
Consisted in gathering and analysing existing information about the productive reality of a given territory, focusing on:
- Identification of the main income generating products;
- Identification of the links in the value chain;
- Identification of the actors involved in the processes of developing value chains;
- Period and time dedicated by the groups to those products;
- Relation between the groups and the markets;
- Prices and values applied; and
- Level of generated income and number of people/families involved and (in)directly beneficiated.
ACTIVITY 2 – MAPPING OF SPECIFIC DATA
Consisted in gathering and analysing existing information about the Chain or sector being discussed. It also included data that would help us identify the composition of the Chain and the product flow as well as the addition of value and its contributions for the generation of income and jobs, focusing on:
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
- Data of economic transactions;
- Data about operators and actors;
- Job generation;
- Finance flow;
- Use of natural resources;
- Existence of previous research;
- Volume of production; and
- Forms of usage/transformation of the product.
After finishing mapping the value chains, the groups made a short analysis of the situation stated in the cards. The information exposed on the following tables (in Portuguese) was included in the body of this report, items 5.2.1 (brazil nut) and 5.9.1 (essential oils).
PRODUCTS GENERATED
PARTICIPANTS’ PROFILE
The detailed participants’ introduction can be found on ANNEX 3.
TOTAL OF PARTICIPANTS
TOTAL OF INSTITUTIONS
TOTAL CHAIN OPERATORS
TOTAL OF SERVICE
PROVIDERS
TOTAL OF REGULATORS
AND INSTITUTIONS
TOTAL OF COOPERATIONS
AGENCIES
20 16 02 10 03 01
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
MAPPING THE BRAZIL NUT VALUE CHAIN, LÁBREA/AM
MAPPING THE COPAÍBA OIL VALUE CHAIN IN RDS UATUMÃ/AM
supplies gatheringPrimary transport
beneficiation
Secondary transport
commercialization
consumption
Dec- Mar
COOPMAS
2 Phases
Apr-Oct
CAIBA Final
consumption
500 families; 104 cooperative
members; 52 non members
60% of brazil nut in natura
70 employees in
agroindustries
Production in 2013 = 80 tSubsidys:
Government (ADS) - 10 t - R$ 18,00/t
CAIBA (company) - 70 t – R$ 14,00/t
IDAM AFEAM IDAM Transport service by
river or road
ADS
FUNAI
ICMBio
UFAM, UEA and IFAM (universities)
IFAM
Local government
Municipal Health
Surveillance
SEFAZ
SEBRAE ADS
MDA
IPAAM MAPA
Go
vern
me
nt
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
Supplies Beneficiation TransportCommercializ
ationSecond
beneficiation
Extraction Filtering
and bottling
INDUSTRIAL
Association of Agroextractivists Producers of RDS DO UATUMÃ ‐ AACRDSU
FIRMENICH – Essence and cosmetic company that sells oil
200 Liters/year, only 2 families work
R$21, 00/l
AGO - SET
AACRDSU RECEIVES R$ 0.65 per liter
filtered
IDESAM – technical support and commercialization
Boat ITAPIRANGA ‐ MANAUS
TRANSPORT MANAUS – SÃO
INPA
SEFAZ
Management Council
SDS / CEUC – state management of RDS Uatumã
Management Plan
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
OCCURRENCE AREA OF PRODUCTS MAPPED The Figure 1 below show the occurrence os sociobiodiversity products in Amazonas/Brazil, based on secondary data (AMAZONAS, 2013; FEDERAL, 2011). Figure 1. Occurrence of acai. Rubber, piaçava and honey in Amazonas municipalites.
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
The following Figure 2 shows occurrence of seeds (for oil – copaiba and andiroba) and Brazil nut in Amazonas state. The last map shows the number of products’ occurrence for municipalities. Figure 2. The occurrence of seeds (oils) and Brazil nuts in Amazonas, Brazil.
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
‐ Strengthen the existing initiatives in Amazonas;
‐ Introduce (positive) experiences in development on other locations;
‐ Structure existing value chains in Amazonas;
‐ Further the initiatives of promotion of value chains in Amazonas;
‐ Realise parallel development of the promotion of value chains and
REDD+ in Amazonas;
‐ Consolidate/systematise existing information about value chains in
Amazonas;
‐ Promote communication (exchange of information) and partnerships;
‐ Promote other activities of levelling of information; and
‐ Mobilise other key-actors.
REFERENCES
AMAZONAS, Governo. Plano de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento do estado do
Amazonas – PPCD‐AM. Fase II (2012‐2015). Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e
Desenvolvimento Sustentável – SDS. Junho, 2013.
FEDERAL, Governo. Extração Vegetal e Silvicultura 2011. IBGE. Disponível em:
http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/comparamun/compara.php?lang=&coduf=13&idtema=102
&codv=v19&search=amazonas|alvaraes|extracao‐vegetal‐e‐silvicultura‐2011.
Guia Metodológico de implementação das Oficinas de Promoção de Cadeias de Valor.
GIZ‐Brasil. Brasília, 2012.
Guidelines for a methodology to support value chains for BioTrade products. United
Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009.
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
WORKSHOP ANALYSIS
Twelve participants answered and returned the questionnaires; most of them are from the civil society and NGOs (Graphic 1). The other participants (8) left in different moments during the workshop due to their schedules and didn’t return the questionnaires. Of the questionnaires answered, 75% were filled in by men, and 25% by women.
As a whole, participants considered the information presented at the workshop was
relevant to their work in their institutions, most of them also agreed that the contents
were relevant and will use it (Graphic 2). However, graphic 3 showed different degrees
of improvement in the knowledge of the subjects approached (BioTrade and REDD+),
showing the need for more information and levelling on the subjects. According to
their comments, it is necessary to learn more about the BioTrade Initiative, as well as
about REDD+.
25
17
8
33
8
Graphic 1. Participants per Sector (%)
National government
State government
Municipal government
Civil society and NGOs
Private sector
42
33
25
50
58 58
8 8
17
Utility Content Likely to use
Graphic 2. Information presented (%)
totally agree
agree
neutral
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
Graphic 4 shows that panelists had a good performance in their presentations and in
answering to questions, and that also encouraged the participation from the audience.
Generally speaking, participants were satisfied with the workshop and are interested
to receive further information (Graphic 5).
8
42
33
17
Graphic 3. Enhance the participants knowledge about the theme discussed (%)
completely
generally
more or less
partially
8
25
42
75
50
33
8
17 17
8 8 7
Effectiveness ofpresentation
Answer questions Encourageinteraction
Graphic 4. Panelists performance (%)
totally agree
agree
neutral
no aswer
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
At the end of the workshop, the participants were asked to give their opinion, and this
activity was included in the comments and suggestions part of the assessment
questionnaires as follows:
Recommendations and suggestions from the participants in the workshop
‐ partnership between REDD+ and BioTrade is interesting to develop REDD+ from existing value chains of forestry and non‐wood products;
‐ the perspective of value chains being strengthened by REDD+ is appealing; ‐ reduces the pressure over the forest with the strategy of the relation between
forestry non‐wood products and REDD+ and provides extra benefits for the communities:
o working with value chains may increase the number of families involved; and
o estimulate the participation of the young in value chains. ‐ be able to know who supports BioTrade initiatives apart from governments
(other stakeholders); ‐ need to know more about the objectives and guidelines of BioTrade Initiative; a
suggestion was made to organize more events that may bring information about the actual operation of the relation between REDD+ and value chains, because they don’t know how to link them, despite the fact that they work with value chains of non‐wood products;
‐ it is possible to adjust and improve the activities in Amazonas based on the knowledge of positive results of the BioTrade Initiative in Africa, Asia and Latin America;
‐ there is interest and need to receive further information about the subjects approached in the workshop, even in other languages, as well as about the products generated in the workshop;
‐ municipal government is interested in initiatives of this kind;
25
6767
33
8
satisfaction with theworkshop
interested in furtherinformation
Graphic 5. Qualification of satisfaction and interest (%)
totally agree
agree
neutral
ANNEX 4. Methodology and analysis of the workshop organized under the project
‐ there were many institutions that didn’t attend the workshop to know about the BioTrade Initiative, their presence could have increase the information available about the issues dealt with;
‐ there is a need to deepen the knowledge about issues related to value chains of non‐wood products and REDD+, so that the communities can actually access REDD+ resources, focusing on strengthening the activities that involve production of non‐wood products;
‐ discussion about REDD+ must be deepened; ‐ the workshop is important for facilitating an exchange of experiences and
knowledge, since many of these initiative are carried out in isolation; ‐ there is uncertainty about a potential limitation of REDD+ over the products
extracted according to the indigenous traditional livelihoods; zoning must be made in Indigenous Lands to point out areas for fishing, hunting, extraction of non‐wood natural resources. With the resources obtained from the execution of the Land and Environmental Management Plan of Indigenous Lands, workshops on formation of leaders should be organized.
ANNEX 5. Analysis of consistency and applicability of the eligibility criteria for the Bolsa Floresta Programme’s beneficiaries
State Decree 26,958/2007 ‐ are eligibility criteria and obligations to the Bolsa Floresta Programme
Eligibility criteria ‐ art 2º Applicability Remarks
Consistent / not consistent
I – must be inhabitant of a state Protected Area with at least two years of proven residence
Applicable
Consistent
II – have an the Identification and Individual Taxpayers’ Registry
Applicable
Consistent
III – when with schoolchildren, keep them matriculated and attending classes, whenever there are schools in the county
Applicable
Consistent
IV – Participate, before receiving the benefit, in the training workshop on Bolsa Floresta Programme, offered by the team of the State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development – SDS
Applicable
This, however, doesn’t effectively happen. The number of professionals to satisfy the demand is insufficient, apart form the lack of planning between FAS and SDS, making it impossible for the SDS to implement the activity. Therefore, there isn’t control of the information given to the communities.
Not consistent
Duties of the beneficiaries ‐ art 3
Candidates must be registered, at their homes, by the accredited SDS team and must sign the Agreement of Commitment before receiving the benefit
Applicable Usually there isn’t a follow‐up of the SDS team in this activity
Not consistent
ANNEX 5. Analysis of consistency and applicability of the eligibility criteria for the Bolsa Floresta Programme’s beneficiaries
I – Comply with the rules set in the Plan of Use or Plan of Reserve Management
Applicable
It is necessary to analyze FAS’ work in relation to the appreciation and consideration of the dispositions of the Plan in each UC, as well as to the fulfilment of directions from the meetings of the UCs Management Councils
Consistent
II – Must be associated and free of debt with the Association of Residents of the Community and the Protected Area, and participate actively in their activities
Not applicable
This cannot be mandatory, complying with the 1988 Federal Constitution
Not consistent
III – Keep the size of the cutted areas not larger than it was the year of institution of the Bolsa Floresta Programme, cultivating only in secundary areas, without advancing over areas of primary forest.
Applicable
The state government doesn’t have information about the assessment of the cultivating areas made at the time of the implementation of PBF in the UC to monitor environmental performance, since the information wasn't delivered to SDS for analysis
Not consistent
§ 1.º Whenever there isn’t an association of residents of the community, the beneficiary must take part in an association linked to the state Protected Area.
Not applicable
This cannot be mandatory, complying with the 1988 Federal Constitution
Not consistent
§ 2.º Children of residents that may have recently formed a family, with a separate house from the parents, and that qualify for item I of article #2 of this decree, may advance cultivating areas over primary forest in an
There is doubt about the compliance with this requirement
ANNEX 5. Analysis of consistency and applicability of the eligibility criteria for the Bolsa Floresta Programme’s beneficiaries area not larger than the average size of the cultivated areas.