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8/14/2019 Renewable Energy Sources, energy balance for a village
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ENEWABLE ENERGYENEWABLE ENERGYOURCESOURCESNDND NERGY MANAGEMENTNERGY MANAGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
This paper is an approach to obtain energy balance
in a typical rural Indian economy. The objective isto completely eliminate use of conventional energysources. To develop a system of technically andeconomically viable solution for providing energyfrom non-conventional and renewable energysources.
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INTRODUCTION A typical rural area considered basically
covers the following details:
Description of economy
Natural resources availability
Population and standard of living
Energy demand
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PRESENT PROBLEM:
In most of the parts, no power supply is available.
In rest of the parts poor quality of power supply
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M A PM A P
* map not up to scale
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Geographical details:The rural area MohiuddinNagar is situated in
district Samastipur.
It is 90 km far from capital Patna.
It has proper rail and road connectivity.River Ganga crosses it in south.Two small rivers Baya and Noon cross it in north.The water level is 60 feet below ground. So there is
abundant water supply.
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This area gets good sunlight for 10 months in ayear, so there is lot of potential for solar energy.
The area gets good rain during monsoon.The soil is one of the best fertile soil that is
available in the world because the Ganga bringsnew soil every year.
Crops:
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PRESENT ECONOMICSITUATIONMost people depend on farming and animal
husbandry.
The soil is best for sugarcane. But there isno sugarcane factory so nobody goes forit.
There is no industry in nearby area, even
not a single one based on agriculture.
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ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEOPLE
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CASE STUDYA person observed two basic problems in the village:
The increasing cost of kerosene oil for lightingpurpose.
The mobile battery charging problem.
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He established a diesel generator set and supplypower with the following norms:
If you are a customer then for every single CFLconnection you have to pay Rs. 60 per month.
He will supply power in evening between 6pm-10pm.
There will be a facility that you can charge yourmobile battery from the CFL holder itself, free ofcost.
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v
vIt can be seen that the investment isrecovered in 3 months only.
vActually for lighting and charging purposeRs. 60 per month is not a big amount, it
seems.
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Analysis from consumer point ofview:Total energy consumed by oneCFL and mobile battery permonth
(20+5)w*(30*4)hr=3kWh
Bill paid by consumers permonth
Rs 60
So tariff is Rs(60/3)=Rs 20 per unit
Maximum tariff paid by an
average consumer in India
Rs 4
Extra amount paid by consumersfor each unit
Rs(20-4)=Rs 16 ..ha!
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PROPOSED SYSTEM
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VILLAGE ZONENo. of houses 200
Population of the village 200*7=1400
Connected load for single house 7CFL+4fans+1TV+1Refrigerator=(7*20+4*60+1*200+0.5*200)=680W =0.68KWConnected load for 200 houses (200*0.68)KW=136KW
Other loads for one village 10computers+50street light+2flour mill=(10*300+50*50+2*1000)W=7.5KW
Total connected load for onevillage
(136+7.5)KW=143.5KWor
approx 150KW
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PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR DOMESTICHEATING AND COOKING
REQUIREMENT
Most feasible solution is Biogas.
From one study it is proved that dung of two cowsprovides all the energy requirement for a familyof 4 person.
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CENTRALIZED BIO-GAS PLANTCONCEPTFor every 50 houses, there will be one common
Bio-gas plant.
Single plant for entire village is not considered,because of cluster distribution of houses.
Separate Bio-gas plant for every house is notconsidered here because of the maintenanceproblem.
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BIO-GAS PLANT PLANNING
For every unit there will be sufficientmanpower, whose work will be to collect cowdung from those respective houses.
Pipeline gas distribution system will beimplemented.
Gas meter will be provided in every house.Based on the gas consumption, charges will be
taken.
By-product of plant will be given back to thefarmers at the cheaper rate to use it asfertilizer.
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BIO-GAS DISTRIBUTION
To domestic users
Mainpipe line
-Bio Gas Plant
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BIO-GASCYCLE
-Biproduct
Cow dung
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BENEFITS OF BIO-GASThere is no external source required for running
of the plant.
The raw-material for Bio-gas plant is easily
available in the villages.Dependence on coal, LPG etc for cooking
purpose can be fully eliminated.
By using waste of plant, use of chemical
fertilizer can be avoided and organic farmingcan be encouraged.
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W A T E R H A R V E S T IN G
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WATER HARVESTINGEvery house contains a underground cemented
water tank .
The slope of the roof is towards the drainagepipe, which goes to tank.
Another drainage is provided near to the 1st pipe, which goes to the open area.
The water of 1st rain is not collected, becauseof impurity in environment. This water is usedto clean the roof.
For the 2nd rain, water is collected in thecemented tank.
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It is hard to imagine that 2-3 hours
of rain can provide drinking waterto a family of 6-7 members for awhole year.
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b) Emergency load like hospital needs power supplyfor 24 hours
power demand
time(hrs) 9am 5pm
c) Shops need power supply between 9am-12pmand 6pm-10pm.
power demand
9am 12pm 6pm 10pm time(hrs)
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HOW TO MANAGE POWER IN
MARKET ZONE?
Power demand for offices, schools and collegesafter 5 pm is negligible. This remaining power
will be consumed by shops where after 6pmis the peak load time.
During the peak hour there will be a provisionof two part tariff. Consumer exceeding thefixed limit during peak hour will be penalized.
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CENTRALIZED WATERDISTRIBUTION FOR MARKET AREA
Main pipe line
W ater tank
To house holds
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WHY CENTRALIZED WATER
SUPPLY UNIT?Easy to control reactive power demand by
using capacitor bank .
It is easy to switch on a single pump during the
off peak hours.
Better system voltage regulation.
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ECONOMIC ZONE
This zone will be located near to the powergenerating plant.
There will be heavy loads in economic zone like
Sugarcane factoryDairy factoryWood mill
Cold storageOther industries based on agriculture
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FEATURES OF ECONOMIC ZONEPower requirement in this zone is almost
constant all the time.
Power has to be supplied in this zone minimumfor 20 hours.
So for peak hours in other zone (6pm-10pm),supply will be off in this zone.
Solar cell can be used for lighting of this zoneduring power cut in this zone.
Development of this zone implies developmentof rural area.
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GENERATING STATIONThe proposed generating plant is a Bio-mass
plant of capacity 6MW to fulfill all the energyrequirement of the rural area.
Every zone excluding farms is estimatedaround 3MW load.The plant will have 3 generator of same rating
3MW.
Generator G1 will run by fuel sugarcanebagasse. Generator G2 will run by fuel crop like jolly
flora.
Generator G3 will be for back up supply.
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WHY BIO-MASS?The fuel for Bio-mass is easily available and
accessible.
The area can be independent for power supply.
Farmers will supply fuel crop with some profitmargin and the plant will supply back to the
farmers at a fixed charge. So net charge for perunit power will be low for farmers .
Pollution free.
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BIO-GAS CYCLE
to market steam electric power supplied back to farmers
B a g a s s eS u g a r Factory+V illa g e
Farm s
To economic zone
Electric distribution
Power plant( )steam
sugar
Fuel crop
To market zone
POWER DISTRIBUTION
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POWER DISTRIBUTIONPLANNING FOR DIFFERENT
ZONESZones Power supply duration
Economic zone 12am to 10am & 10pm-12am
Market zone 9am to 5pm & 6pm to 2pm
Village zone 2am to 9am & 5pm to 10pm
Farms 2am to 5am & 7am to 9am
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Prepared by-
Abhishek Karwa & Indrajeet Kumar