Renewable Energy

IN CHINA

Ni Weidou

2004.5

The Forecast of Energy Demand and the Transformation of Energy Structure(1998-2050)

CoalOilNature GasNuclear PowerNew and Renewable Energy

year

Mtce

China is rich in wind energy resource, according to the data collected from more than 900 meteorological stations, it is estimated that nationwide total wind potential on land at 10m height would be 3.2TW, among them 253GW considered technical available to be utilized, in addition, 750GW were estimated for offshore, thus 1TW in total. Consider the modern wind turbine hub height is more than 50m, the above estimation maybe doubled. The areas with abundant wind energy resource mainly in northern China, southeast coastal line and vicinity islands.

Existent wind farms

Projected wind

farms

Location of Existent and Some Projected Wind Farms in China

Above 200W/m2 (High)

150~200W/m2

100~150W/m2

50~100W/m2

Below 50W/m2 (Low)

The Wind Energy Resource in China

1. Wind Utilization

By the end of 2003:

Total installed capacity: 567MW

Total turbines (>30kW): 1042

Total wind farms: 40 in 14 provinces

Largest unit capacity: 1500kW

Average unit capacity in 2003: 748kW

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Total Installed Capcity by the End of 2003

1. Wind Utilization

1. Wind Utilization

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Yearly Installed Capacity by the End of 2003

1. Wind Utilization

Provincial Wind Capacity LiaoningXinjiangInner MongolianGuangdongZhejiangJilinShandongGansu

HebeiFujianNingxiaHainanHeilongjiangShanghai

1. Wind UtilizationMarket Shares

NEG Micon29%

Vestas17%Nordex

16%

Goldwind9%

Others29%

1. Wind Utilization

Wind Farm in Dabancheng, Xinjiang

2. Wind Manufacturing

Manufacturer Products

% of Total Capacity

% of Domestic Made Capacity

Goldwind 600kW750kW

8.8% 57.6%

Xian-Nordex 600kW 3.7% 24.1%Zhejiang Windy

250kW750kW

1.1% 7.1%

Wandian 660kW 2.8% 6.1%Yituo-Made 660kW 0.9% 6.1%

Major Wind Turbine Manufacturers

2. Wind Manufacturing

Shares of Domestic & Imported Turbines in 2003

Imported67%

Domestic33%

3. Wind Planning & Policy

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Envi rnmt.Dri ve

Estimates of Wind Power Development

3. Wind Planning & Policy2001-2005: Wind survey for 4000MW capacity

Wind assessment on offshore shallow

sea areas

By 2005 : 1000MW

2006-2010: 3000MW

A demostration offshore wind farm

3. Wind Planning & PolicyWind Power Concessions Projects

Aim: Lowering wind cost

Size: 100MW

Procedure: tending

Projects: 2003:Huilai in Guangdong

Rudong in Jiangsu

2004:Second phase of Rudong in Jiangsu

Tongyu in Jilin

Huitengxile in Inner Mongolia

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The Planned Capacity of Wind Power in China

3. Wind Planning & PolicyCurrent Incentive Policies

• Approval procedure: 50MW by provincial NDRC

• VAT: 17% to 8.5%

• Income tax: 33% to 15%

• Loan: payback period from 7 years to 15 years

Outline of Wind Power Project

Detailed wind power resource out their distribution in China, onshore and offshorePresent situation of wind power in China Utilization (off gird and grid connected) Manufacture capability Market share of domestic and foreign

companies

Outline of Wind Power Project

Future of wind power in China Roadmap of development Market forecast Barriers of development New technology trends Key problems and issues of

development

Outline of Wind Power Project

Legistration and policy requirements Tax Renewable Portfolio Standard Concession Approach of wind power Preferential policies for wind power in

Denmark, Germany, India, USA, UK… and other countries

Relationship between wind power and electricity sector reform

Outline of Wind Power Project

Concession Approach of wind approach Content of Concession Approach Opportunity of foreign companies Cooperation modes

Case study of wind power concession For already approved project For projects in planning stage

Biomass1. Straw and stock resources are about 700

mil. tons, equivalent to 300 mil. tceFeature: highly scattered, very difficult for collection; the radius of economically feasible collection area is less than 5 kmSeveral ways of utilization

Gasification for cooking and power generation, problems: tar blockage, high CO contentGasification methanol, DME, small scale, relative low efficiency, economically is not feasibleRapid pyrolysis – raw fuel liquid, scale, shortage of skilled operators

Biomass (contd) For making solid particles

Large consumption of energy for forming New method of forming, about 30 kWh per ton

(heating value about 60% of ce) Onsite production and onsite utilization as alternative

to coal (especially designed portable machine and stoves)

2. BiofuelGreat development of biofuel industry over the last ten plus years, production capacity of EU more than 1 mil. tons in 2001Recently, R&D on biofuel has been undertaken in many domestic universities and institutes. In 2001, a production base of 10,000 tons annual yield was built in Wu’an city, Hebei Province

Biomass (contd) Advantages of biofuel

Ease the pressure of oil import In the near term, use depleted edible oil and

oil-containing biomass as feedstock In the medium term, use farm and forest

crops in scaled plantation Lower the emission of vehicle exhaust,

also particles and smoke intensity Synergetic utilization of resources Favor the adjustment of agriculture

structure, increase the income of peasants

Solar energyEvolution of Photovoltaic (PV) Cell First generation PV cell – Silicon Crystal PV,

about 90% of international market, very costly – domestic 30~35 RMB/Wp

Second generation PV cell – Thin Film PV (TFPV), in the transition stage from R&D to scaled production. The most promising are cadmium telluride TFPV

and Cadmium-Indium-Selenium TFPV, which are also the key topic of national “863” project

In 2003, cadmium telluride multi-crystal TFPV, developed by Sichuan University, achieved the conversion efficiency of 13.38%. Dye-sensitized TiO2 TFPV reached 7% efficiency.

Thank you!!!