RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND · PDF file1 RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN NIGERIA* By Prof A. S. Sambo Director-General, Energy

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RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN NIGERIA*PROSPECTS IN NIGERIA*

By

Prof A. S. Prof A. S. SamboSamboDirector-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria,

Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, NigeriaEmail: [email protected] or [email protected]

*Presentation at the German *Presentation at the German --African Energy Forum, Hamburg, Germany, African Energy Forum, Hamburg, Germany, 2222ndnd --2525thth April 2012. April 2012.

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CONTENTCONTENT

1.1. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

2.2. CURRENT POLICIES & PLANS ON CURRENT POLICIES & PLANS ON RENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY

3.3. RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIANIGERIA

4.4. MAJOR CHALLENGES AND THE WAY MAJOR CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARDFORWARD

5.5. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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JebbaJebba

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

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Total Area: 92.4 million hectares (Land 86%, Water 14%) Forest and Woodlands: 11.6% Polity: Democracy (Presidential System) Population: 158.80 million (2010) Economic Indicators:

– GDP growth rate: 7.9% (2010)– Inflation rate: 11.8% (2010)– Interest rate: 15.74%, Prime (2010)– Exchange rate: 1$ = N150.65 (2010)– Major contributor to foreign

Exchange earnings: oil ( 87.57% in 2010) Social Indicators in 2009

– GDP/Capita: $1,235.92 (2010)– Energy Intensity 0.1 kgoe/$– Energy Consumption/Capita: 100 kgoe– Electricity Consumption/Capita 130 kWh– Urbanization: 40%– Electricity Access 55.2%– Population Growth rate: 3.2%– Adult Literacy rate: 64.2%– Life Expectancy : 54 years– Incidence of Poverty 54%

1. Introduction … Cont’dSocioSocio--Economic Parameters: Economic Parameters:

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Energy Resources

1. Introduction…..Cont’d

Resource PotentialLight Crude Oil 37.2 billion barrels Natural Gas 180.57trillion SCF

Coal lignite 2.734billion tones Tar Sands 31 billion barrel of oil equivalentLarge Hydropower 11,250 MWSmall Hydropower 3,500 MW

Solar Radiation 4.0kWh/m/day – 6.5kWh/m2/day

Wind 2-4 m/s @ 10m height mainland

Biomass(non-fossil organic matter)

Fuelwood -11million hectors of forest and woodland Animal Waste -245 million assorted animals Energy crops72million hecters of Agric Land and all waste lands

Nuclear Element Not yet quantified

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2. Current Policies & Plans for Renewable Energy2. Current Policies & Plans for Renewable Energy

● In 2003 the Federal Government approved the National Energy Policy (NEP), which covers renewable energy, and which has the following major objectives:- To enhance energy security in the nation through diversifying the

energy supply mix;- To increase energy access especially in the rural and semi-urban

areas;- To facilitate employment creation and empowerment;- To protect the environment and mitigate climate change.

• In 2005, the National Renewable Energy Masterplan was produced with the support of the UNDP.

● In 2007, a biofuel policy and incentives which articulates the use of E10 and B20 as automotive fuel was approved by Government. It is now under review.

• The Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) for renewable electricity is expected to be approved by the third quarter of 2012.

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2. Current Policies & Plans 2. Current Policies & Plans ……ContCont’’ddBiomass, Solar, Hydropower and Wind Targets

S/N Activity/Item Timeline/Quantity

Short Medium Long

1 Biomass Electricity (MW)Improved WoodstovesBiogas DigestersBiomass Briquetting Machine

5300,00050030

30500,0006,00050

1001,000,0008,00080

2. Solar Water Heater Solar cookerSolar DryersSolar Stills

4,0002,000150100

60,00050,0002,0003000

150,000150,0006,0002,000

3. Large Hydropower(MW)Small Hydropower (MW)

4,000100

9,000760

11,25014,750

4. Wind electricity(MW)Windmill Water Pumping Systems

2320

40100

50200

*Based on 13% GDP Growth Rate

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2. Current Policies & 2. Current Policies & Plans..contPlans..cont’’dd

S/N RESOURCE SHORT MEDIUM LONG

1 Hydro (large) 4,000 9,000 11,250

2 Hydro (small) 100 760 3,500

3 Solar PV 300 4,000 30,005

4 Solar Thermal 300 2,005 10,0005 Biomass 5 30 1006 Wind 23 40 50

All Renewables 4,628 15,835 54,905All Energy Resources

21,238 85,668 270,068

% of Renewables 22% 18% 20%

Summary of Renewable Energy Electricity Targets in MW

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3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria 3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria

Hydropower: Reactivation of existing three large hydropower plants at

Kainji(760MW), Jebba(540MW) and Shiroro(600MW) to deliver optimum power(FMP).

Concessioning of the three large hydropower plants to private concerns to be completed by 1Q 2012(BPE).

30MW Gurara I hydropower plant completed and power evacuation network being put in place(FMP).

360MW Gurara II hydropower plant under immediate attention(FMP)

40MW hydropower plant across river Katsina Ala in Taraba state(FMP)

700MW Zungeru hydropower plant (FMP)

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3. 3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria..contNigeria..cont’’dd

2,600MW Mambilla hydropower plant- Bankable feasibility study ongoing(FMP).

30 MW SHP NESCO, Jos- operational and the oldest 2x75kW Waya Dam SHP in Bauchi completed(UNIDO, ECN, RBDA

& Bauchi state) 1x30kW Ezioha – Mboro Dam SHP, Enugu completed(UNIDO,

ECN, RBDA) 2x200kW Tunga Dam SHP, Taraba State – Electro-mechanical

Machines on site(UNIDO). 34MW Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State, Hyropower plant

concessioned to private sector but yet to commence operation. Capacity building in hydropower R&D at Centre for Hydropower

R&D, UNILORIN & other universities.

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Penstock bifurcation into the 150 kW power house at Waya Dam, Bauchi State

3. 3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria..contNigeria..cont’’dd

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Electronic Wind Map (WIS) development for wind resources assessment(FMST, ECN, FMP).

10MW Wind farm in Lambar Rimi Katsina – Contract awarded in 2009 & to be completed 1Q2012(FMP)

2x215kW wind turbines at UDUS by SERC(ECN). 70x3kW wind turbines in Zamfara State by the State Government Capacity building in wind energy R&D conducted at SERC, UDUS

and NCERD, Nsukka & other universities.

Wind:

33. Renewable Energy Major Activities in . Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria..contNigeria..cont’’dd

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5kW aero generator in Sayya GidanGada, Sokoto State

One of the 37 No 275kW Wind to Electricity Machines for the 10 MW Katsina Wind Farm

3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in 3. Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria..contNigeria..cont’’dd

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Solar street lights, water pumping systems, mini-grids, solar refrigerators etc.- about 15MW dispersed installations in the country (ECN, State Govts, MDG office, FMW, NPI, JICA, NGOs etc)

7.5MW solar PV modules manufacturing plant, Karshi, Abuja (NASENI, FMST)

500kW solar PV plant in Katsina (JICA & FMP) 50kW solar PV plant in Kaduna (FMEnv & Private sector) 20 MW solar PV plant in Yola (Nigeria- German energy partnership) Solar water heaters, cookers, dryers, distillers etc.(R&D outputs) Capacity building at SERC , NCERD & other universities

Solar Energy


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Solar PV Systems


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Solar PV for Telecommunication 20km Kaduna-Abuja Road, Nigeria.

Solar PV at Ilaje, Ondo State of Nigeria


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Solar Water Heater developed by NCERD

Pilot Water Heater at UDUTH by SERC, Sokoto

Solar Water Heaters (R&D Output)


1818Solar crop driers (R&D Output)


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Biofuel development – E10 & B20 permitted for use (NNPC, Research Institutes, private sector)

5MW rice husk fired power plant in Ebonyi state –feasibility completed(UNIDO, Ebonyi state Govt).

Improved fuelwood stoves @ R&D stages Biogas digesters @ R&D stages Capacity building at SERC, NCERD (Nsukka) &

other universities.

Biomass :

33. Renewable Energy Major Activities in . Renewable Energy Major Activities in Nigeria..contNigeria..cont’’dd

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Dome Type Biogas Pilot Plant at Danjawa Village, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State

Biogas Digester Pilot Plant at

NCERD, UNN, Nsukka

A biogas digester under construction for a secondary school at Ikene, Ogun State

2121SERC improved industrial fuel wood stove and biogas digester


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Clay type improved Clay type improved fuelwoodfuelwood Stove (R&D Output)Stove (R&D Output)


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3. MAJOR CHALLENGES & THE WAY FORWARD3. MAJOR CHALLENGES & THE WAY FORWARD

Large –scale deployment of RE in Nigeria is being impeded by:

High initial investment cost for RE and energy efficient technologies,

Inadequate incentives (FIT, Fiscal and Financial)

Lack of appropriate laws to support incentives

Inadequate human and infrastructural capacities

Inconsistent signals to Government energy sector reform policy

CHALLENGES:CHALLENGES:

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WAY FORWARD:WAY FORWARD:In order to significantly go beyond the pilot projects shown there is need for:Continuous human capacity building

(R & D, D, D)Incentivize RE and EE technologies

adaptation (RE FUND, Fiscal, FIT)Provide legal backing to incentivization

schemesPursuance of Government reform agenda

with vigor.

3. MAJOR CHALLEGES AND THE WAY FORWARD3. MAJOR CHALLEGES AND THE WAY FORWARD------contcont’’d d

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5. Conclusion5. Conclusion Nigeria is well endowed with sources of renewable energy

such as solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, and ocean waves in addition to fossil fuel sources.

Despite the seeming large number of pilot projects their aggregate contribution is yet to significantly address the massive poverty of modern energy services in Nigeria.

There is need for large –scale deployment of RE by getting the legal and regulatory support from Government to pave way for private participation

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Documents

RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND · PDF file1 RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN NIGERIA* By Prof A. S. Sambo Director-General, Energy