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Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Status in CAMBODIA
By
Mr. Sovanna Toch
Renewable Energy Office, DET/MIME
4 November 2003
RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EE) STATUS
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY/PLANNING
CASE STUDY OF TWO NEDO PROJECTS
Photovoltaic & Micro hydro in Kampong Cham province
Photovoltaic & Biogas in Sihanouk Ville
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1.1. RE Status
Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in Asia Program , under fund support of Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), through AIT
Demonstrative Research Projects funded by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan
Solar systems for bridges, schools and training centers funded by Samdech HUN SEN Prime Minister of Royal Government of Cambodia and other donors
Rural energy for productive use and income generation
Renewable Electricity Action Plan (REAP)
1. RE & EE STATUS (1/3)1. RE & EE STATUS (1/3)
Energy Efficiency Office has cooperated with other organizations to implement some projects such as:
ESMAP/WB Funding (1997-1999):
i) Focused on capacity building and strengthening of MIME and EDC capabilities in
energy efficiency
ii) Activities to increase the efficiency of the power sector in order to make it attractive for
investment by the private sector
iii) Actions that have been taken:
- EE promotion program in garment industry with lighting audit of
10 garment factories
- Initialization of code of practices (standards) in the electricity sector
- Workshop on electricity efficiency and dissemination of information (on
lighting)
1.2. EE Implementation #1/2
1. RE & EE STATUS(2/3)1. RE & EE STATUS(2/3)
MIME OWN FUNDING (2000-2003):
Audit of 3 commercial buildings (3 luxury hotels, one in Phnom Penh and 2 in Siem Reap) which were introduced to ASEAN contests in Brunei, Indonesia and Vietnam
FUNDING FROM FRENCH ADEME, with the assistance from Vietnam ENTERTEAM of HOCHIMINH CITY (2002):
- Feasibility Study of 4 buildings (Medical Clinic, office, hotel, and residential/commercial/office) with full audit of the last 2 buildings
-Workshop on Building EE
UN-ESMAP in association with ECCJ (Japan) in 2002:
Audit of two garment factories on energy conservation (boilers and distribution system, lighting, etc.)
1.2. EE Implementation #2/2
1. RE & EE STATUS (3/3)1. RE & EE STATUS (3/3)
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN
2.1. RE Plan
The RGC has established Four long-term objectives for electricity-generating renewable energy technologies:
5 % of new electricity generation, or about 6 MW, will be supplied by renewable electricity technologies, including 3 hydropower mini-grids and some proven, clean and efficient biomass/biogas electricity generation, 3 viable renewable energy technologies (RET) businesses and 50-100 trained RET personnel. All this should be achieved in the first 5-year period;
100,000 households (HH) will be supplied by electricity from renewable technologies on a competitive basis. Of this volume, the goal is to get 45,000 HH electrified by the Rural Electricity Enterprises (REE) in the first 5-year period;
10,000 households will be served by Solar Home Systems (SHS). This should be achieved in the first 5-year period;
A sustainable market for renewable electricity systems will be developed and evidenced by households willing to purchase renewable electricity products and services in a competitive business environment.
2.2. EE Plan
We have a plan as follow:
Looking for fund from other institutions to continue EE projects in towns and provinces
Dissemination through leaflet to the Cambodians on effective use of electrical appliances, gas stoves, petroleum, to contribute to poverty reduction
Training programs both within and outside the country
Joining the competition in the ASEAN EE Building Programme
We have Energy Labeling Program to inform the consumers of energy intensive devices, such as air-conditioners and refrigerators, etc.
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN
2.3. Strategy on Renewable Energy-based Rural Electrification in Cambodia
The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), through the implementation of the National Rural Renewable Electricity Policy, shall:
i) Endeavor to provide access to reliable, safe and environmentally clean electricity services to rural areas, at an affordable cost to the national community;
ii) Act as a market enabler and encourage private sector participation in providing rural renewable electricity services;
iii) Provide effective legal and regulatory framework for enabling access to reliable, safe and clean electricity services to rural areas, at an affordable cost to the national community;
iv) Encourage the most efficient systems for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity from clean and renewable energy sources, to enable a rational electricity tariff policy through promotion of differentiated tariffs based on cost recovery principles;
v) Promote renewable electricity systems for rural applications, as part of a national portfolio of grid and off-grid technologies, provided they are the least-cost option for the national communities; and
vi) Ensure adequate resources and appropriate institutional mechanisms to empower the poor, particularly those in rural areas.
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN
2.4. Rural Electrification Fund
REF is the result of a join effort of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the World
Bank, with the goal of encouraging the private sector for investment in electricity
supply to the rural population, with smart subsidies scheme for reason of social equity.
Agreed electricity price sold to the rural population would be such that the rural
entrepreneurs will still make project.
Investment funds will come from grants and loans with low interest rate from various
credit and financing institutions.
2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN2. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLAN
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
Japan
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME)
Kingdom of Cambodia
Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. Toshiba Engineering Corporation Okiden Sekkei Co., Inc
Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Dispersed Power Generation Systems
(Photovoltaic and Micro-Hydro)In Cambodia
Objective of the ProjectObjective of the Project
Technology Verification of Dispersed System Early commercial application of a system that maximizes the
utilization of renewable energy to promote mass introduction of renewable energy provided by PV power generation, etc.
Establishment of measures on the supply side Reduction of output fluctuation due to climatic variations by
connecting dispersed photovoltaic power generators, etc., to small-scale grids
Improvement of power generation efficiency of the whole system and control of output fluctuation
Verification of system efficiency taking into consideration the stability in electricity supply and improved economics by such as reducing storage battery capacity requirements
System OutlineSystem Outline
DG
Electricity
MH
Batteries
PV
Electricity
Electricity
Batteries
Electricity
PV PV
PV
Small-scale hydro power generation plant (approx. 40kW) to be installed in the existing agricultural dam
Electricity supply to each household in the village through installed distribution lines from small-scale hydro power generation plant
Dispersed photovoltaic power generation systems installed to supply electricity
Project OrganizationProject Organization
METI
Japanese side
MIMEMOUMOMNEDO
Cambodian side
Tokyo Electric Power Services Co.,Ltd.(TEPSCO)
Toshiba Engineering Corporation
Okiden Sekkei Co., Inc.
Cooperation
System DiagramSystem Diagram
SpecificationsPV:• 30kW of PV at concentration site
(with a main battery of 30kWh)• 7.5kW x 5 of PV at dispersed
sites (with battery charger)
Micro-Hydro:• about 20kW x 2
Transmission Line:• Total length of 9.7 km
(Distribution line runs along transmission line)
Micro Hydro Power Generation PlantMicro Hydro Power Generation Plant
Dam
Upper Reservoir
P1 Channel
Main Spillway
P3 Channel
Lower Reservoir
PV Sites and Transmission LinesPV Sites and Transmission Lines
Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Combined Power Generation Systems
(Photovoltaic and Biogas)Sihanouk Ville
Demonstrative Research ProjectOn Combined Power Generation Systems
(Photovoltaic and Biogas)Sihanouk Ville
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
Japan
Department of Energy TechniqueMinistry of Industry, Mines and Energy
(MIME), Cambodia
Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Shikoku Research Institute Inc. Meiden Plant Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.
Technology Verification of Combined System
(PV & Biogas) Utilization of Unstable PV Output for Auxiliary System of
Biogas Power Generation Stable PV Output supply to Customers through Distribution
Network
Objective of the ProjectObjective of the Project
Investigation of Control Method to Utilize PV Output Fluctuation to Biogas Auxiliaries
Development of Appropriate Biogas Power Generation System for Cambodia
Economic Evaluation of Total Combined System
Items of Demonstrative ResearchItems of Demonstrative Research
Stable output of electricity produced by PV is supplied directly to grid and Unstable output is utilized for a biogas generation system to produce biogas during the daytime
During the nighttime when the demand increases, electricity is supplied by a gas power generator utilizing biogas
System OutlineSystem Outline
System DiagramSystem Diagram
System outline
Main equipment Simulation of generated
PV array 50kW
(Multicrystal PV module )
Inverter
Auxiliaries 30kVA
Grid Connection 20kVA 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
Time
Pow
er g
ener
ated
[kW
] MarchAugust
PV System Basic DesignPV System Basic Design
Image of Combined System (PV and Biogas)Image of Combined System (PV and Biogas)
METI
Japanese side
MIMEMOUMOMNEDO
Cambodian side
Shikoku Research Institute Inc.
Meiden Plant Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.
Shikoku Electric Power Co. Inc.
Cooperation
Project OrganizationProject Organization
・ There are 4 groups in the targeted village with a total of 210 households.
・ Some families already use fluorescent light, radio cassette by battery.
・ Almost all families use kerosene lamp.
・ Some families leave village in the rainy season.
・ Villager’s average income is 150,000 – 300,000 Riels/month.
・ Economic standard of villagers groups is different from each other.
・ Villagers pay approximately 5,000 Riels/month/household for fuel fees.
・ Villagers may be able to pay 5,000 – 10,000 Riels/month for electric fees when the electricity is available from distribution line.
・ If villagers have an economic margin, they will purchase not only lighting and radio cassette but also other electric appliances such as TV, VTR, fans, etc.
Summary of Village SurveySummary of Village Survey
Cattle Farm
National Route No.4
MonorumGroup114HH
TapiocaGroup43HH
Tapioca factory entrance
1.2km
1.5km1.5km
Office
Caltex Group 20HH
0.2km
SereisoksanGroup 33HH
0.5km
0.5km
0.4km
160m
Temple
0.4km
0.2km
Village OutlineVillage Outline
T
22kV High-voltage line
220V Low-voltage line
22kV/220V Transformer
Cattle Farm
Temple
T
T
T
National Route No.4
Distribution LineDistribution Line