Renaissance Ideas Spread Across Europe Humanism spreads North,
out of Italy Northern Europe less infatuated with Rome, but just as
religious as the Italians Christian Humanism Interested in Reform
(leads to Reformation) Become critical of the Church Want to reform
society in general Better Education
Slide 4
Thomas Mores Utopia Book depicts an ideal society No greed, no
corruption, no war No need for money Utopia has come to mean an
ideal society The word utopia is Greek for no place
Slide 5
Erasmus Catholic Priest Believed in a Christianity of the Heart
Thought all people should study the Bible Which they now can,
because .
Slide 6
The Printing Press Changes Everything From This To This Books
can be made 500 times faster for a fraction of the cost
Slide 7
Printing Press first invented in China European Languages work
great with printing press Gutenberg revolutionizes printing The
Bible is the first full length book printed in Europe
Slide 8
Effects of the Printing Press Ideas Spread Faster Books are
Cheaper, More Abundant Rise in literacy Linked with rise in use of
vernacular People could own, read, interpret Bible on their
own
Slide 9
Meanwhile Pope Leo X Son of. Lorenzo de Medici Real name:
Giovani de Medici Spent a TON of money Rebuilt St. Peters Basilica
Has Raphael decorate many rooms in the Vatican Led a War to help
his dad and brother
Slide 10
Raphael Rooms
Slide 11
Pope Spends Too Much Money Wants to Rebuild St. Peters Basilica
Sells Indulgences to raise money Indulgence: Remission of Sins; a
pardon
Slide 12
Tetzel takes things too far Johann Tetzel, German Friar Sells
Indulgences Tells people they can buy indulgences for those already
deceased in order to get them out of purgatory and into heaven. As
soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory
springs
Slide 13
Martin Luther Catholic Priest German Monk Professor of Theology
Disagrees with the sale of indulgences by Tetzel Writes out his
arguments, nails them to the door of the church in Wittenburg
Slide 14
95 Theses Start the Protestant Reformation in 1517 Specific
Arguments against the sale of indulgences Argues that the Pope does
not have power to forgive some sins, but can only recognize Gods
forgiveness. If people can be freed from purgatory, why doesnt the
Pope free everyone from out of love rather than for money?
Slide 15
Luther not first to challenge Church John Wycliffe Said Bible
was highest authority Translated Bible into English (vernacular)
Didnt like the wealth and worldliness of the Church Declared a
heretic after his death His body was dug up his body burned Jan Hus
Preached the Authority of Bible higher than authority of Pope
Excommunicated, declared a heretic, burned at the stake
Slide 16
Why does Luthers Protests Start the Reformation when earlier
reformers did not? The Printing Press! Thousands and Thousands of
copies spread throughout Germany and Europe
Slide 17
Martin Luther (cont) Luthers 95 Theses is condemned by the Pope
A trial is set for Luther in Germany Holy Roman Emperor guarantees
his safety Take back what you said or Ill totally excommunicate you
(or worse). Nope, Sorry Bro Ill protect you Martin
Slide 18
Diet of Worms Luther is told to recant, he refuses
Excommunicated Deemed a heretic
Slide 19
Luther Escapes Capture Helped by friends, Luther escapes
capture. Translates the Bible into German while in hiding. Later
marries an ex-nun, Katharina von Bora
Slide 20
Lutheranism Faith! Faith Alone needed to be saved Good works
not needed to get into heaven, only faith Study the Bible yourself
Vernacular translations of the Bible
Slide 21
Luthers ideas Lead to Bloodshed German Peasants Revolt German
Princes go to war over religion Protestant Princes against leader
of Holy Roman Empire (Charles V) and Catholic Princes
Slide 22
German Peasants Revolt: Causes Social Peasants had been making
more money since plague As population grew, land owners lowered
wages Peasants not having it Religious Luthers preaching includes
ideas of equality and fairness Luther condemns peasant revolts
Slide 23
German Peasants Revolt: Results Aristocracy completely destroys
the uprising Over 100,000 deaths ! Some estimate deaths at
300,000!
Slide 24
Holy Roman Empire in 1500 Not Holy, Not Roman, Not an Empire
Located in modern day Germany Not a united nation but a patchwork
of independent states Each State had its own Prince The Ruler of
the Holy Roman Empire was Charles V (Catholic)
Slide 25
Lutheranism Catches on in H.R.E. Some Princes in HRE converted
to Lutheranism Could assert independence from HRE, not pay taxes to
Charles V Also could confiscate church land Leads to War with head
of HRE (Charles V) and Catholic Princes
Slide 26
Peace of Augsburg Each Ruler could decide the religion of his
state Lutheranism legalized by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Important step for religious freedom
Slide 27
Protestantism Spreads
Slide 28
Calvinism PREDESTINATION! God has already chosen who will be
saved These people are known as the elect Ideal government is a
theocracy Government controlled by religious leaders Calvin set one
up in Geneva Switzerland Very strict No dancing, no singing, no
playing cards, no eating fancy foods, no wearing jewelry, no bright
clothing.
Slide 29
Anabaptists Avoid worldly temptations Lived in small
communities separated from the outside world Think of the Amish
(Amish are Anabaptists) Baptism for adults who could profess their
faith
Slide 30
Slide 31
Reformation in England Henry VIII Henry VIII King of England
Roman Catholic Opposed Luthers beliefs Named Defender of the Faith
by Pope Leo X Reformer due to circumstance not personal
beliefs
Slide 32
King Henry VIII (8 th ) of England King Henry Married to
Catherine of Aragon She was married to his brother first Married to
Henry for 24 years No male heir to the throne Henry VIII wants a
divorce (annulment) Pope says no Henry starts his own church
(Church of England) with him as head of the church Act of
Supremacy
Slide 33
Act of Supremacy Makes King of England head of Church of
England Many church leaders refused to accept this Thomas More
refuses to go along with king Thomas More executed Henry VIII
excommunicated from Church
Slide 34
Henry Marries Again Henry gives himself a divorce Marries Anne
Boleyn 5 days later She has a baby girl, still no male heir Three
years after their marriage, Henry has Anne Boleyn beheaded Accused
of adultery and high treason
Slide 35
Henry Maries Again 10 days after Anne Boleyn Beheaded, Henry
married Jane Seymour Has a baby boy! Edward Dies from complications
of child birth Married to Henry for 1 year 4 months
Slide 36
Henry Maries Again! Anne of Cleaves Henry gets a divorce
(annulment) Married for 6 months! Henry Maries AGAIN! Catherine
Howard Cheated on Henry Henry had her beheaded Married for 1
year
Slide 37
You guessed it: Henry Marries Again Catherine Parr Married for
3 years Henrys death ends the marriage
Slide 38
Henrys Six Wives! Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded,
Survived. Catherine of Aragon Annulled Jane Seymour Died childbed
fever Anne of Cleves Annulled Catherine Howard Annulled then
beheaded Anne Boleyn Annulled then beheaded Catherine Parr survived
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/horriblehistories/song4.shtml
Slide 39
The Church Reforms itself Counter Reformation or Catholic
Reformation New Popes Implement Reforms Council of Trent No More
Indulgences Jesuits Focus on Education and Missionaries Inquisition
Seek out and put and end to Heresy Forbidden Books Burned