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Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solution using Immobilized Streptomyces Strain

SOUMYA BANERJEE PRITHA CHAKRABORTY ABHINAB DAS M.Sc., APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

SET Id: 05SETMSM0306

GUIDE: Dr. K. Suthindhiran(Asst. Prof.)

SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYVIT UNIVERSITY

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content

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Introduction Toxicity Reported works Objective Methodology Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement Reference

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introduction

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Chromium is one of the essential trace elements required in plants and animals for their normal metabolic activity (Cefalu et al., 2004 and Anderson 1997).

But the amount of Chromium has exceeded its permissible level which is now causing various chronic diseases in human (Beszedots, 1983) due to the increase of human activity and urbanization the level of Chromium is increasing rapidly in the environment.

Industrial waste- water from dye and pigment industries contains huge amount of Chromium.

Other industries like wood polishing industries, electroplating industries also contribute a lot in the increase of Chromium in the environment (Stern, 1982).

Chromium exists in the form of Cr(III) and Cr(VI).

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TOXICITY

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Mainly special attention is given to the transformation because Cr(VI) causes adverse effect to the human heath.

Whereas Cr(III) has proved to be less toxic to that of Cr(VI) (Palmer and Wittbrodt, 1991).

It causes acute chronic toxicity, neurotoxocity, dermatotoxicity, genatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity and other environmental toxicity and has proved to be a mutagenic in a number of bacterial system (Bagchi et al., 2002; Petrilli and DeFlora, 1977; Nishioka, 1975).

0.05mg/l of Chromium if present in portable water than it is considered as toxic (Vishwanatham, 1997).

Therefore, there has been a rising global awareness in the removal of chromium.

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REPORTED WORKS

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Cyanobacteria and Microalgae (Garnham et al., 1999),

Marine Algae (Leusch et al., 1995), Different other Bacterial Species (Brierly and

Brierley, 1993; Brierley 1990), Fungi (Tobin et al., 1994), Yeast (Mattuschka et al., 1993) Streptomyces spp. (MJ Amoroso et al., 2001)

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OBJECTIVE

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Here our aim lies in determining whether the given strain of Streptomyces spp VITRSM02 is capable of removing Chromium from the aqueous solution.

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METHODOLOGY

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Mass cultivation of Streptomyces spp VITRSM02 was carried out in

SC broth.

The biomass was harvested by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 20 mins and subjected to drying at 60°C until a constant weight of

biomass was obtained.

For adsorption studies, the dried yeast biomass was then finely powdered and sieved through

standard sieves to constant size of 150-300 µm.

Preparation of biomass

Compositon of SC Broth (gm/L)1. Soluble Starch- 10.0002. Potassium hydroxide dibasic- 23. Potassium nitrate- 24. Sodium Chloride- 25. Casein- 0.36. Magnesium sulphate- 0.057. Calcium chloride- 0.028. Ferrous Sulphate- 0.029. Distill water- 1000L 10. Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.2±0.2

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100ml of distilled water was first heated and then 2% sodium alginate was added slowly to avoid lump formation.

Then the slurry formed was cooled at room temperature and the equal amount of biomass was added to it for uniform

distribution.

Immobilized beads were made using peristaltic pump in 50mM CaCl2 as droplets.

The gel beads were then washed and dried at 4°C for 2 hrs.

Gel beads without biomass were prepared similarly as control.

Preparation of immobilized alginate gel beads

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Stock solution of Chromium was prepared by adding 0.294g of K2Cr2O7 in 1000ml of D. H2O.

The concentration was found to be 104mg/l.

For the test purpose Chromium solution was prepared from the stock solution of required

quantity

Preparation of Chromium stock solution

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3 sets of Chromium triplicates of100 ml were made in 250 ml of conical flasks.

In one set free biomass, in another immobilized gel beads and in the third set gel beads without biomass was placed as control.

The pH was set at 7, temperature at 28°C, shaking speed at 120 rpm and at a initial concentration at 50mg/L.

The adsorption was checked at every 1 hour interval.

The test solutions were filtered and were then analysed in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and for the detection of the functional groups FT-IR analysis

were done.

Batch Biosorption experiment

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result

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Percentage of Chromium removal from aqueous solution using alginate beads under standard conditions

2 4 6 80

1

2

3

4

5

6

time interval (hour)

% o

f re

mov

al

condition : pH-7 Temperature -28˚C, shaking speed -120rpm Concentration -50mg/ml.

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Conditions: Biomass- 0.5g pH- 7 temperature- 28˚C shaking speed-120

rpm concentration-

50mg/ml.

Percentage of Chromium removal from aqueous solution using free dead biosmass of Streptomyces spp VITRSM02

2 4 6 801020304050607080

time interval (hour)

% o

f re

mov

al

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Control: pH- 7 temperature- 28˚C shaking speed-

120 Concentration-

50mg/ml.

Percentage of Chromium removal from aqueous solution using dead immobilized alginate beads of

Streptomyces spp VITRSM02

2 4 6 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

time interval (hour)

% o

f re

mov

al

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Conditions: pH- 7 temperature- 28˚C shaking speed-120

rpm Concentration-

50mg/ml.

Comparative study on percentage of Chromium removal from aqueous solution using alginate beads free dead biomass and dead immobilized alginate

beads of Streptomyces spp VITRSM02

2 4 6 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

free biosorbentimmobilized biosorbentalginate beads with no biosorbent

time interval (hour)

% o

f re

mov

al

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FT-IR ANALYSIS

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Streptomyces spp VITRSM02 before adsorption of CHROMIUM

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Streptomyces spp VITRSM02 after adsorption of CHROMIUM

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conclusion

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From the above study it can be concluded that under standard condition of pH7, temperature at 28˚C, shaking speed at 120rpm and at a initial concentration at 50mg/ml the given Streptomyces spp VITRSM02 strain can be used as a potential agent for the removal of Chromium form aqueous solution in both immobilized state with sodium alginate and in free state.

Very little adsorption is seen in the case of control alginate beads. Also it was observed that the adsorption takes place in two phases

viz., short and rapid phase which takes place at the very early stage of the adsorption process and long and slow phase which is the second half of the reaction which continues till the process lasts.

The FT-IR analysis shows that the functional group like the Hydroxy group, Aliphatic primary amine, Amide group and the Aliphatic Iodio compounds present on the surface of the biomass are responsible for the biosorption process.

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acknowledgement

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We are deeply grateful to the VIT management for their continuous help in completion of our project.

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REFERENCES

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American Public Health Association, 1986. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American PublicHealth Association, Washington, DC.

  Anderson, R.A., (1997). Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans. Regul.

Toxicol. Pharmacol. 26, S35–S41. Bagchi D, Balmoori J, Bagchi M, Ye X, Williams CB, Stohs SJ.( 2002). Comparative

effects of TCDD, endrin, naphthalene and chromium (VI) on oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and brain tissues of mice. Toxicology 175:73-82. ganese dioxide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:1187–119.

Bartlett RJ. (1991). Chromium cycling in soils and water: links, gaps and methods. Environ Health Prospect. 92:17-24.

Beszedots, S., (1983). Eng. Dig. March 1983, p. 18. Brierley, C.L., (1990). In: Ehrlich, H.L., Brierley, C.L. (Eds.), Microbiol Mineral

Recovery. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 303±324.   Brierley, C.L., Brierly, J.A., (1993). In: Torma, A.E., Apel, M.L., Brierley, C.L. (Eds.),

Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, vol. 2. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, pp. 35±44.

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