Remote Sumatra, Indonesia

3rd – 21st September 2014

Leader: James Eaton

Participants: Terry Doyle, Michael Frost, Les Holliwell,

Hans Jornvall, Denzil Morgan and Rob Tizard

Aceh Bulbul, Aceh, Sumatra © James Eaton / Birdtour Asia

Sumatran Ground Cuckoo, Silvery Woodpigeon, Sumatran Partridge, Sumatran Laughingthrush, Mentawai Scops Owl – all birds you would not expect to see on any conventional tour, which is what made our inaugural

Remote Sumatra tour so special. Logistically this was one of the most difficult ‘Remote’ tours we have put together to date. We took 9 internal flights, 3 boat journeys and endured a ferry cancelation – quite a feat over the course of just 18 days! Was it worth all the hardships and travelling? Well, seeing some of the most endangered birds of not just

Sumatra, but the world it must surely be a big yes! Starting in Aceh in the north we found roadside Sumatran Laughingthrushes, ‘Aceh’ Bulbul, Sumatran Frogmouth and several other more expected Sumatran endemics. Our island hopping then took us first to Simeulue – finding critically endangered Silvery Woodpigeons, along with Simeulue Scops Owl and several exciting taxa ripe for splitting and a side trip to Babi island where we found the incredibly distinctive, yet virtually unknown ‘Babi’ Monarch. Next to Sipora, part of the Mentawai islands picking up the endemic Mentawai Scops Owl and several endemic taxa which are also in need a taxonomic revision. Unfortunately the only sour point of the tour was the cancelation of the ferry to Enggano,

but an extended stay inside the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park gave us a bird we all craved – Sumatran Ground Cuckoo, a pair of which nonchalantly strolled past without noticing our gasps of excitement! A

supporting cast of Sumatran and Ferruginous Partridges, Buettikoffer’s Babbler and Graceful Pitta made the camping bearable!

After assembling in Jakarta we took our first two flights north-west to reach the thumbnail of Sumatra – the province of Aceh. For 29 years through to 2005 Aceh was largely off-limits to foreigners due to civil unrest. Thankfully, after the Tsunami of 2004 a peace-agreement was found and now Aceh is largely open to visitors.

The forests of Aceh are still large, intact and containing some rare birds largely trapped out from the rest of the island, or restricted to this area. We had an afternoon, full day and a final mornings worth of roadside birding. Unfortunately our afternoons were largely a wash-out limiting our time, and also limiting our access,

as we were unable to get above 1200m due to a muddy landslide. However the main target was found almost immediately as four Sumatran Laughingthrush ventured briefly to the roadside, though they were rather shy and quite rightly, as capture for the bird trade has depleted the numbers in the wild. As the rain had darkened the skies earlier than expected a Sumatran Drongo appeared and raucous Sumatran Treepies overhead as we waited for dusk, and not long after had a wonderfully hairy female Sumatran Frogmouth sat motionless in the spotlight.

Sumatran Laughingthrush, Aceh and Simeulue Scops Owl, Simeulue

Full of optimism for our full birding day we headed back to the same roadside forest, walking down from 1200m to 950m over the course of the day. Things started well with the previous days Sumatran Laughingthrushes appearing once more, though this time showing better - gliding across the road, back-and-forth, and clambering up the larger trees around us before melting back into the forest. Judging by the vocal encounters, Sumatran Peacock Pheasant was by no means rare, but just as tricky to lure out as anywhere else! We managed to entice one cautious individual to walk out onto the short grassy verge but he soon

peered up to see us and was off like a flash back into safety. Further along the road the birds were much as expected, the three endemic bulbuls appeared, one-by-one – Cream-striped, Sumatran and Spot-necked, then just 200m from our laughingthrush sighting we found a flock of the other three species – several Spectacled showing beautifully, followed by Black Laughingthrush rocking back-and-forth while booming and even some Sunda Laughingthrushes joined in on the act (this is becoming even rarer than Sumatran on the island). For the rest of the morning we picked up a few birds here-and-there – Indigo Flycatcher, Temminck’s Sunbird, Greater Yellownape, all appeared when our next prime target suddenly appeared, a pair of ‘Aceh’

Bulbul. This snouckearti race of Orange-spotted Bulbul, lacks yellow ear-coverts, has huge orange supraloral bulges and uniform grey plumage making this a distinctive looking bird and restricted to the northern areas of Aceh. In fact, probably only a handful of birders have ever seen this taxon. After the pair had perched up,

singing their unique song, along with unusually excellent views of Spot-necked Babblers it was lunchtime, and the start of some seriously heavy rain putting an end to us attempting to get higher up the road as we watched other vehicles getting stuck in the mud up ahead! The rain eventually relented by the late afternoon, and no sooner had it done so than we were treated to

several excellent looks at a pair of Sumatran Laughingthrush as they regularly came in to view, clambering up into the canopy as they so often do – it was a real privilege to see this species that is being trapped to extinction at an alarming rate actually from the roadside, a scene that will soon be gone. As we had succeeded already with the laughingthrush we opted to bird a different area the following morning. Though it took a little longer than expected to get there it proved a blessing for some as both Red-throated

and Golden-whiskered Barbets called from the roadside trees. As tempting as it was birding the lowland forest, we had birds to find, so we climbed up into submontane forest once again. Unfortunately this area has obviously been subject to intense trapping and bird numbers were really low. We heard both Graceful Pitta and a couple of uncooperative peacock pheasants before a couple of birds eventually showed themselves – a

pair of Fluffy-backed Tit Babbler performed their wonderful, cuddly display in typical fashion, Maroon-breasted Philentoma proved a little brief though both Green Broadbill and Red-bearded Bee-eater posed for us. A Great

Hornbill reminded us about the complete lack of this family here and also on the previous day – unfortunately the recent intense hunting of Helmeted Hornbill seems to have had a knock-on effect with the other hornbills. Surprisingly we found a group of four Aceh Bulbuls together in a clearing, and a Yellow-crowned Barbet calling away from his nesting hole above the road. A single mixed feeding flock was found that contained a few

interesting species including Fulvous-chested Jungle Flycatcher, Green Iora and Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker. Lunch, more rain and a long afternoon drive to Banda Aceh ready for the next leg of the tour.

Simeulue island, lying 150km off the Aceh coast has long been separated from the Sumatran mainland, and though only one endemic is currently recognised from the island, the Simeulue Scops Owl, there is plenty more on offer here. Even as we left the airport, the first important endemic taxon was soaring over the road – ‘Simeulue’ Serpent Eagle. Our first afternoon was spent admiring several tame endemic subspecies of Fiery and Scarlet Minivet, Black-naped Oriole, Black-naped Monarch, Black-headed Bulbul, Ruddy Cuckoo Dove, wintering Forest Wagtail, and the very small, buff-bellied, vocally distinct ‘Simeulue Woodpecker’, surely deserving more recognition than just a race of White-bellied Woodpecker. As dusk approached, the small

endemic race of Great Eared Nightjar hawked overhead and after a short wait a pair of Simeulue Scops Owls was excitedly calling in the spotlight for as long as we wished. The early morning is particularly important on Simeulue, as it was here in 2010 that James rediscovered the critically endangered Silvery Woodpigeon, last confirmed in 1931 prior to this. Waiting at the same forest-covered clearing we noted with anticipation the growing numbers of Green Imperial Pigeons flying past from roost to fruit when Rob made the call, and there, sure enough were two distinctly silver and black pigeons

making a pass. Heading over in search of their whereabouts we were to be treated with several close fly-bys,

from directly overhead, to beautifully lit eye-level views as they flew by, easily identified by their distinctive flight action, whacking orbital ring and distinctive colour and patterning from the much more numerous Pied Imperial Pigeon. A couple more perched Simeulue Serpent Eagles, a single Changeable Hawk Eagle for some, numerous compta Lesser Cicadabird, another pair of woodpeckers, Ruddy Cuckoo Dove were numerous as were cala Red-breasted Parakeet. In the afternoon we ventured to a different patch, taking a wrong turn to a different patch proved rather fortuitous as we picked up the tell-tale calls of our single remaining target on the

island while driving along – the very different looking abbotti Blue-rumped Parrot. Waiting an hour by the roadside brought about several sightings of this red-billed, blue-headed and green bodied bird, which is also considerably larger and lacking the blue rump from elsewhere – Simeulue Parrot will be split very soon. A pair of Bar-bellied Cuckooshrike performed well, as did our only Blue-throated Bee-eater of the trip, and several Van Hasselt’s and Crimson Sunbirds. Yet another patch to finish the day produced more parrots, woodpeckers and our first Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker on the island.

Simeulue Woodpecker, Simeulue and Babi Monarch, Babi island Not expecting to clean-up in a single day, our second day was very much off-piste. We started, predictably back at our woodpigeon spot, picking up just the one Silvery Woodpigeon this morning, but this time it was perched scoped views, albeit rather distantly. Simeulue Parrots flew over but otherwise it was much the same

as the previous morning. Rather than go through the motions for the rest of the day we opted for something totally unexpected as perhaps just a handful, if that of people are aware that offshore from Simeulue is a very distinctive looking race of Black-naped Monarch, abbotti, judging by the specimens Rob Hutchinson and James had previously seen, found on the tiny island of Babi, 30km to the south. Having already found a suitable (ish!) boat to take us there, off we chugged, averaging 13km/h our local boat took considerably longer than initially promised but being Indonesia, we were prepared for the promised timing to be less accurate than one would normally expect! Reaching the tiny island, with a single telecommunications mast and workers as the

only sign of habitation we found a trail – pigeons flapped and called literally everywhere, though the thick canopy overhead prevented us from studying exactly what would be present here. With just a couple of hours

on-land we got to work, finding a monarch quickly though he was gone no sooner had he been found, the flash of intense blue leaving us wanting and needing more. Fortunately, with the last roll of the dice, as the monarchs were noticeably uninterested in recordings from elsewhere, even Simeulue, we recorded its fast, excited trills and as soon as we played back a pair acted ferociously, the male performing a quite brilliant

display as he leaned and postured while singing his unique song. The lack of black and the dark, intense blue (including the belly) of this large monarch made us think more of the Blue Paradise Flycatcher of Palawan in the Philippines than a Black-naped Monarch – what an exciting discovery for us, as presumably no other

birder has seen (or looked) for this species since it was collected and described in 1902 with a further two specimens collected in 1913. ‘Babi Monarch’ is born, and we hope to publish its distinctiveness in due course. On the return a pod of Spinner Dolphins came over to inspect and bow-ride with us while Bottle-nosed kept their distance.

Simeulue Serpent Eagle, Simeulue and Mentawai Serpent Eagle, Mentawai

Separated since the mid-Pleistocene period (over 500,00 years ago!), The Mentawai islands have evolved into

an endemic melting pot though unfortunately for us birders, this is mainly for the rich mammal-life present on the island. The islands are home to a number of endemic subspecies, most of which are not so distinct, but at least four are along with the current single endemic – Mentawai Scops Owl – we took a speedboat across the 120km straights to the island of Sipora for three-nights. Predictably, our first bird was the Otus, which

performed almost immediately on our pre-dawn stroll, along with a gliding Sipora Flying Squirrel, directly over our heads, and we would add Siberut Flying Squirrel the following evening. As it turned out, 2 ½ days was more than adequate time (perhaps even overkill, right guys?!), as on our first day we had cleaned up. As the morning mist was still clearing we had a pair of ‘Mentawai’ Serpent Eagles floating by with a small serpent in the males talons. We would get repeated views of this pair along with their fledged youngster. ‘Mentawai Drongo’, currently subsumed under the elusive, forest-dwelling submontane Sumatran Drongo was a common sight – perching out conspicuously in all forest types. The local white-faced

Ashy Drongo was equally admired though considerably scarcer. Thick-billed Green Pigeon on Mentawai and Enggano is represented by the distinct hypothapsinus race, lacking an orbital ring and red bill-base – again, a taxon ripe for splitting – where will it end! Pale-eyed Olive-winged Bulbuls were slightly less impressive, likewise Ruddy Cuckoo Dove and the green-glossed Asian Glossy Starling! A resident race of Black-backed Kingfisher is represented here, and the islands north to the Nicobars and Andamans and judging by its distinct plumage, is again worthy of further investigation as it really doesn’t look like the birds we are all familiar with.

Our final distinct endemic taxon here was the Chestnut-breasted Malkoha, now referred as Mentawai Malkoha

in the recently published Lynx Birdlife Checklist. We found several of these and noted their distinctiveness, especially when five decided to sun themselves at and below eye-level by the road. One morning some of us headed out pre-dawn to see if we could locate any of the endemic primates on the island, to add to the Mentawai Squirrel, Mentawai Ground Squirrel and Mentawai Treeshrew we had already added to our endemic mammal haul – this we failed to do but instead we found several Sunda Frogmouth calling, including a male sat high-up in the spotlight, only for our spotlight to seemingly attract a Mentawai Scops Owl which chased off

the frogmouth! The next venture was deep in south Sumatra, as we camped inside the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. We started as we had hoped – a pair of Buettikofer’s Babbler sang by the roadside, and this was shortly followed by a pair of Ruby-throated Bulbuls singing and chasing each other, a clear sign that trapping in the area has decreased, especially as there were several more singing in the area. Unfortunately, next up was the relatively short trek and a couple of nights camping deep in the forest where we failed to connect with the

Sumatran Ground Cuckoo – immensely frustratingly of course, but not a lot we could do about it as we only heard one and onlybriefly. Long-billed Partridge also called briefly one evening and the pair of vocal Sumatran

Partridges was tantalisingly only seen by James. During our stay in the forest we picked up several big bird waves, containing the usual variety along with some goodies - Spotted Fantail, Rufous-fronted Babbler, Blue Nuthatch, Thick-billed Spiderhunter, Pale Blue Flycatcher, Sumatran Drongo and Trogon, Plain Flowerpecker, and for the Sumatran first-timers, Blue-masked Leafbird was a good one to pick up. Less social birds included

a migrant Zappey’s Flycatcher was exciting, sallying in the forest canopy; ‘Sunda’ Owlet hooting overhead with a snake in its talons – the races on Sumatra and Borneo are vocally distinct from the mainland Collared Owlets. Chestnut-naped Forktail were on the stream though Blue-banded Kingfishers tended to just zip by.

Malaysian Eared Nightjar hawking overhead, but best of all was the Graceful Pitta enticed slowly out of the dark tangles to perch up, red belly puffed out as he quietly whistled towards us. On the walk out we were treated to a pair of Helmeted Hornbills that flew-in and landed in the mid-canopy directly over our heads, as they manically called while hopping about, and to top things off a pair of Rhinoceros Hornbill gliding by just as we arrived back on the road – beautiful. A long drive north along the coast was expected to be unproductive, which was largely the case until we

noticed a ripe rice field full with seed-eaters – every single one of them being Pin-tailed Parrotfinch, which must have numbered well over 300 included good numbers of pretty blue faced males – it’s a rare sight now to see them swarming down on the rice fields, as it was a well-known (and trapped) pest throughout the Greater Sundas. Though we arrived in good time at Bengkulu harbour we were disappointed to learn that bad weather offshore meant our boat would have to be cancelled, and not just for today, but we also learnt for the next few days after we visited the Meteorology office. Spending a day in Bengkulu was about as expected,

and we could all see why Sir Stanford Raffles swapped the port of Bengkulu for the rather more attractive

proposition of Singapore back in the early 19th Century – we birded for a morning, picking up Rufous-tailed Tailorbirds, Yellow-bellied Prinia and Pied Triller, while on the mudflats hundreds of Little Terns were sprinkled with thibetana and longipennis Common Terns, and a few migrant waders before we took the plunge to return to Bukit Barisan Selatan for a final nights camping in the hope we would succeed this time!

Mentawai Malkoha and Mentawai Scops Owl, Mentawai Determined and ready, tails-up we made our way back up the now familiar trail. Birds were more vocal, and a distant ground cuckoo calling pricked our ears. Over the next hour or two elation and frustration followed as the cuckoo went silent and was replaced by some very vocal Sumatran Partridges that kept appearing and disappearing depending on where one was sat, during this time the cuckoo called tantalisingly close, twice,

just as the partridges were close – what to do! The cuckoo made up our mind by shutting up once again

leaving us to enjoy not just one partridge zipping across the trail, but a further 5 slowly crossing the trail exactly how we had planned and hoped. This species is actually seen less often than the cuckoo! Back out after lunch we clambered back up slope, disturbing a male Salvadori’s Pheasant that unfortunately just a couple of us saw well. The memories of this dip for the rest soon disappeared however as the now familiar QUEE-OH-WEE suddenly exploded from just below us, as even better, the cuckoos were duetting. Choosing our spot carefully, looking at a completely open area of ground, as we hid in the foliage we were

anxious, sweaty and excited. After just a few tense minutes we all saw the movement as a pair of Sumatran Ground Cuckoos appeared, and very casually, rather nonchalantly strolled into view totally oblivious to 7 jaws dropping to the ground and excited whispers. The green-glossed upperparts contrasting with buff, barred bellies and the beautiful turquoise and pink facial skin – the views were so good that we could all identify the male following the female as the latter bird was noticeably brighter faced. After what felt like an eternity but really just 20 seconds of unobscured views of one of the least-known, and critically endangered birds of Asia they melted back into the forest and we could share our elation.

Next morning we were back in the forest with a spring to our step. Our cuckoos called above us during our breakfast though we had other birds to find now. Long-billed Partridge called once and very distantly again

though our next target bird called significantly longer and closer – Ferruginous Partridge. Once again we set ourselves up, picking a seemingly perfect spot and after five minutes out popped a pair of these orange-fronted partridges which occasionally popped in-and-out of view. After that moment we enjoyed a couple of feeding flocks that passed by us, one containing a flock of newly arrived Eastern Crowned Warbler before the

rain set in and for the next few hours the heavy downpour interrupted our lunch and then the walk out too, though it stopped in time for another Graceful Pitta to randomly pop up on a log and another feeding flock with Spectacled and Streaky-breasted Spiderhunters, Grey-and-buff and Maroon Woodpeckers, a few bulbuls,

Plain Sunbird and a Sunda Cuckooshrike. Back on the road a pair of Black-thighed Falconet were sat in a bare tree – just about the last bird we would see before a celebratory rice and fried chicken dinner for a change (!) and a toast to the Sumatran Ground Cuckoo and the other rarely-seen megas we encountered during the previous 18 days.

Bird-of-the-tour 1) Sumatran Ground Cuckoo

2) Silvery Woodpigeon 3) 'Babi' Monarch 4) 'Aceh' Bulbul 5) Sumatran Partridge

‘Aceh Bulbul’ and Yellow-crowned Barbet, Aceh (middle) ‘Simeulue Parrot’, Simeulue and ‘Babi Monarch’, Babi island (bottom)

Thick-billed Green Pigeon and Mentawai Serpent Eagle, Sipora, Mentawai (top) ‘Mentawai Drongo’ and Ashy Drongo, Sipora, Mentawai (middle)

Black-backed Kingfisher, Sipora and Graceful Pitta, Bukit Barisan Selatan (bottom)

Systematic Bird List

SULIFORMES: Sulidae Brown Booby Sula leucogaster plotus

ANSERIFORMES: Anatidae

Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica

CICONIIFORMES: Ardeidae

Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Eastern Great Egret Casmerodius modestus Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia intermedia Little Egret Egretta garzetta Pacific Reef Heron Egretta sacra Javan Pond Heron Ardeola speciosa Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus

FALCONIFORMES: Accipitridae

Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus White-bellied Sea Eagle Ichthyophaga leucogaster Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela batu

Spilornis cheela malayensis

'Simeulue' Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela abbotti 'Mentawai' Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela sipora Changeable Hawk Eagle Nisaetus limneatus vanheurni Blyth's Hawk Eagle Nisaetus alboniger

FALCONIFORMES: Falconidae

Black-thighed Falconet Microhierax fringillarius

GALLIFORMES: Phasianidae

Sumatran Partridge Arborophila sumatrana Ferruginous Partridge Caloperdix oculeus Long-billed Partridge Rhizothera longirostris Heard only

Salvadori's Pheasant Lophura inornata Sumatran Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron chalcurum scutulatum Polyplectron chalcurum chalcurum

Great Argus Argusianus argus Heard only

GRUIFORMES: Rallidae

White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Red-legged Crake Rallina fasciata Heard only

CHARADRIIFORMES: Charadriidae

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus Greater Sandplover Charadrius leschenaultii

CHARADRIIFORMES: Scolopacidae

Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata orientalis Comon Redshank Tringa erythropus Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus

Red-necked Stint Ereunetes ruficollis Sanderling Ereunetes albus

CHARADRIIFORMES: Sternidae

Great Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii Lesser Crested Tern Thalasseus bengalensis Common Tern Sterna hirundo longipennis

Sterna hirundo thibetana

Little Tern Sternula albifrons

Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus

COLUMBIFORMES: Columbidae

Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Sunda Collared Dove Streptopelia bitorquata Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Barred Cuckoo Dove Macropygia unchall Little Cuckoo Dove Macropygia ruficeps Ruddy Cuckoo Dove Macropygia emiliana hypopercna

Macropygia emiliana elassa

Asian Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Pink-necked Green Pigeon Treron vernans Thick-billed Green Pigeon Treron curvirostra curvirostra

Treron curvirostra hypothapsinus

Sumatran Green Pigeon Treron oxyura Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea mista

Ducula aenea vicina

Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor Mountain Imperial Pigeon Ducula badia Silvery Woodpigeon Columba argentina

PSITTACIFORMES: Psittacidae

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus pontius Simeulue Parrot Psittinus [cyanurus] abbotti Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri cala Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot Loriculus galgulus

CUCULIFORMES: Cuculidae

Bock's Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx bocki Heard only

Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii Heard only

Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Heard only

'Mentawai' Malkoha Phaenicophaeus [curvirostris] oeneicaudus Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Sumatran Ground Cuckoo Carpococcyx viridis

STRIGIFORMES: Strigidae

Mentawai Scops Owl Otus mentawi Simeulue Scops Owl Otus umbra 'Sunda' Collared Owlet Glaucidium [brodiei] peritum

CAPRIMULGIFORMES: Podargidae

Sumatran Frogmouth Batrachostomus poliolophus Sunda Frogmouth Batrachostomus cornutus

CAPRIMULGIFORMES: Caprimulgidae

Malaysian Eared Nightjar Eurostopodus temminckii Great Eared Nightjar Eurostopodus macrotis jacobsoni

APODIFORMES: Apodidae

Glossy Swiftlet Collocalia [esculenta] cyanoptila Cave Swiftlet Collocalia linchi linchi Black-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus maximus Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis House Swift Apus [affinis] nipalensis

APODIFORMES: Hemiprocnidae

Grey-rumped Treeswift Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis

Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga

Whiskered Treeswift Hemiprocne comata

TROGONIFORMES: Trogonidae

Scarlet-rumped Trogon Harpactes duvaucelii Heard only

Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus Heard only

Sumatran Trogon Harpactes mackloti

CORACIIFORMES: Alcedinidae

Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting Blue-banded Kingfisher Alcedo euryzona Rufous-backed Kingfisher Ceyx rufidorsa Black-backed Kingfisher Ceyx erithacus macrocarus Banded Kingfisher Lacedo pulchella pulchella Heard only

White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis isoptera

Pelargopsis capensis simalurensis

Collared Kingfisher Todirhamphus chloris laubmannianus

Todirhamphus chloris chloropterus

Rufous-collared Kingfisher Actenoides concretus

CORACIIFORMES: Meropidae

Red-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis amictus Blue-throated Bee-eater Merops viridis

CORACIIFORMES: Bucerotidae

Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil Bushy-crested Hornbill Anorrhinus galeritus Heard only

Wreathed Hornbill Rhyticeros undulatus

PICIFORMES: Capitonidae

Fire-tufted Barbet Psilopogon pyrolophus Gold-whiskered Barbet Psilopogon chrysopogon Red-crowned Barbet Psilopogon rafflesii Red-throated Barbet Psilopogon mystacophanos Black-browed Barbet Psilopogon oorti Yellow-crowned Barbet Psilopogon henricii Brown Barbet Calorhamphus fuliginosus

PICIFORMES: Picidae

Rufous Piculet Sasia abnormis White-bellied Woodpecker Dryocopus javensis parvus Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus vanheysti Greater Yellownape Picus flavinucha Checker-throated Woodpecker Picus mentalis humii Maroon Woodpecker Blythipicus rubiginosus Grey-and-buff Woodpecker Hemicircus concretus sordidus

PASSERIFORMES: Eurylaimidae

Dusky Broadbill Corydon sumatranus Banded Broadbill Eurylaimus javanicus harterti Green Broadbill Calyptomena viridis viridis

PASSERIFORMES: Pittidae

Graceful Pitta Pitta venusta

PASSERIFORMES: Hirundinidae

Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

PASSERIFORMES: Motacillidae

Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus

PASSERIFORMES: Campephagidae

Sunda Cuckooshrike Coracina larvata melanocephala Bar-bellied Cuckooshrike Coracina striata sumatrensis

Coracina striata simalurensis

Lesser Cicadabird Coracina fimbriata compta Pied Triller Lalage nigra Fiery Minivet Pericrocotus igneus igneus

Pericrocotus igneus trophis

Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus speciosus xanthogaster

Pericrocotus speciosus minythomelas

Grey-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris Bar-winged Flycatcher Shrike Hemipus picatus

Black-winged Flycatcher Shrike Hemipus hirundinaceus

PASSERIFORMES: Pycnonotidae

Cream-striped Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogrammicus Spot-necked Bulbul Pycnonotus tympanistrigus Black-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus atriceps atriceps

Pycnonotus atriceps hyperemnus

Ruby-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus dispar Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster Grey-bellied Bulbul Pycnonotus cyaniventris 'Aceh' Bulbul Pycnonotus [bimaculatus] snouckaerti Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier Olive-winged Bulbul Pycnonotus plumosus Cream-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus simplex Spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus erythropthalmos Yellow-bellied Bulbul Alophoixus phaeocephalus Hairy-backed Bulbul Tricholestes criniger Buff-vented Bulbul Iole olivacea Heard only

Streaked Bulbul Ixos malaccensis Cinereous Bulbul Hemixos cinerous Sumatran [Sunda] Bulbul Ixos [virescens] sumatrana

PASSERIFORMES: Chloropseidae

Greater Green Leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati Blue-winged Leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis moluccensis Blue-masked Leafbird Chloropsis venusta

PASSERIFORMES: Aegithinidae

Green Iora Aegithina viridissima

PASSERIFORMES: Cisticolidae

Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Hill Prinia Prinia superciliaris Bar-winged Prinia Prinia familiaris Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris

PASSERIFORMES: Sylviidae

Dark-necked Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis Rufous-tailed Tailorbird Orthotomus sericeus Ashy Tailorbird Orthotomus ruficeps cineraceus

Orthotomus ruficeps concinnus

Eastern Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus coronatus Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis Chestnut-crowned Warbler Seicercus castaniceps Yellow-bellied Warbler Abroscopus superciliaris

PASSERIFORMES: Muscicapidae

Fulvous-chested Jungle Flycatcher Rhinomyias olivacea Rufous-browed Flycatcher Ficedula solitaris Rufous-chested Flycatcher Ficedula dumetoria Heard only

Indigo Flycatcher Eumyias indigo Large Niltava Niltava grandis Pale Blue Flycatcher Cyornis unicolor herterti Zappey's Flycatcher Cyanoptila cumatilis Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis

Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis musicus Chestnut-naped Forktail Enicurus ruficapillus

PASSERIFORMES: Rhipiduridae

White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis Spotted Fantail Rhipidura perlata

PASSERIFORMES: Monarchidae

Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea prophata

Hypothymis azurea leucophila

Hypothymis azurea consobrina

'Babi' Monarch Hypothymis [azurea] abbotti Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi procera

Terpsiphone paradisi affinis heard only

PASSERIFORMES: Timaliidae

Sunda Laughingthrush Garrulax palliatus Sumatran Laughingthrush Garrulax bicolor Black Laughingthrush Melanocichla lugubris Spectacled Laughingthrush Rhinocichla mitratus Spot-necked Babbler Stachyris striolata Grey-throated Babbler Stachyris nigriceps Chestnut-backed Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus montanus occidentalis Eye-browed Wren Babbler Napothera epilepidota diluta Heard only

Rufous-fronted Babbler Cyanoderma rufifrons Golden Babbler Cyanoderma chrysaea Pin-striped Tit Babbler Mixornis gularis Fluffy-backed Tit Babbler Macronous ptilosus Buettikofer's Babbler Trichastoma buettikoferi Horsfield's Babbler Malacocincla sepiaria barussana Heard only

Black-capped Babbler Pellorneum capistratum Heard only

Moustached Babbler Malacopteron magnirostre Sooty-capped Babbler Malacopteron affine Scaly-crowned Babbler Malacopteron cinereum Brown Fulvetta Alcippe brunneicauda Long-tailed Sibia Heterophasia picaoides

PASSERIFORMES: Vireonidea

Blyth's Shrike Babbler Pteruthius aerulatus cameranoi Heard only

PASSERIFORMES: Acanthizidae

Golden-bellied Gerygone Gerygone sulphurea sulphurea

PASSERIFORMES: Sittidae

Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis Blue Nuthatch Sitta azurea

PASSERIFORMES: Nectariniidae

Ruby-cheeked Sunbird Chalcoparia singalensis sumatrana Plain Sunbird Anthreptes simplex Brown-throated Sunbird Anthreptes malacensis Van Hasselt's Sunbird Leptocoma brasiliana Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis ornatus Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja Temminck's Sunbird Aethopyga temminckii Thick-billed Spiderhunter Arachnothera crassirostris Spectacled Spiderhunter Arachnothera flavigaster Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Streaky-breasted Spiderhunter Arachnothera affinis Grey-breasted Spiderhunter Arachnothera modesta

PASSERIFORMES: Dicaeidae

Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker Prionochilus maculatus Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker Prionochilus percussus Orange-bellied Flowerpecker Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma

Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum

Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum concolor Fire-breasted Flowerpecker Dicaeum ignipectus

Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum simalurense

Dicaeum cruentatum batuense

Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker Dicaeum trochileum

PASSERIFORMES: Zosteropidae

Black-capped White-eye Zosterops atricapillus

PASSERIFORMES: Oriolidae

Dark-throated Oriole Oriolus xanthonotus mentawi Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis sipora

Oriolus chinensis mundus

Black-and-crimson Oriole Oriolus cruentus

PASSERIFORMES: Irenidae

Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella

PASSERIFORMES: Laniidae

Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach

PASSERIFORMES: Prionopidae

Maroon-breasted Philentoma Philentoma velatum

PASSERIFORMES: Dicruridae

Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus leucophaeus

Dicrurus leucophaeus periophthalmicus

Dicrurus leucophaeus batakensis

Dicrurus leucophaeus phaedrus

Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer Sumatran Drongo Dicrurus sumatranus sumatranus 'Mentawai' Drongo Dicrurus sumatranus viridinitens Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus platurus

PASSERIFORMES: Artamidae

White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorynchus

PASSERIFORMES: Corvidae

Malayan Black Magpie Platysmurus leucopterus Sumatran Treepie Dendrocitta occipitalis Slender-billed Crow Corvus enca compilator

PASSERIFORMES: Sturnidae

Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis strigata

Aplonis panayensis altirostris

Aplonis panayensis pachistorhina

Hill Myna Gracula religiosa religiosa Javan Myna Acridotheres javanicus Introduced

PASSERIFORMES: Estrildidae

Pin-tailed Parrotfinch Erythrura prasina Javan Munia Lonchura leucogastroides Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata White-headed Munia Lonchura maja

PASSERIFORMES: Passeridae

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

MAMMALS

Plantain Squirrel Callosciurus notatus Black-striped Squirrel Callosciurus nigrovittatus Mentawai Squirrel Callosciurus melanogaster

Niobe Ground Squirrel Lariscus niobe Mentawai Ground Squirrel Lariscus obscurus

Low's Squirrel Sundasciurus lowii

Slender Squirrel Sundasciurus tenuis Black-eared Squirrel Nannosciurus melanotis Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista elegans Red Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista petaurista

Mentawai Flying Squirrel Petinomys lugens Sipora Flying Squirrel Iomys sipora Yellow-throated Martin Martes flavigula Large Flying Fox Pteropus vampyrus

Mitrid Langur Presbytis cruciger Heard only

Thomas's Langur Presbytis thomasi Mentawai Langur Presbytis potenziani Heard only

Pagai Macaque Macaca pagensis Heard only

Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis Sunda Pig-tailed Macaque Macca nemestrina Agile Gibbon Hylobates agilis Siamang Hylobates syndactylus

Mentawai Treeshrew Tupaia chrysogaster Long-nosed Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops aduncus

246 species recorded including 17 heard only

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