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8/12/2019 Remote Notice Board Using GSM
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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction:
In o!"y#$ %orl! i i$ $"i! h" %orl! i$ $hrin'ing !"y (y !"y) I i$ !*e o he f"c h"
+eo+le fro, !ifferen +"r$ of he %orl! "re "(le o co,,*nic"e %ih e"ch oher %ihin
fr"cion$ of $econ!$) All he$e "!-"n"ge$ "re +o$$i(le !*e o he "!-"n"ge$ in !igi"l
co,,*nic"ion echni.*e$) Wih he "!-en of cell*l"r echnology he *$e of ,o(ile
ele+hone$ "re incre"$e! !r"$ic"lly o-er he ye"r$) In o!"y#$ %orl! of echnologic"l
"!-"nce,en$ co,,*nic"ion$ "n! conrol i$ nece$$"ry in "ny +"r of he %orl!)
The no-el i!e" of hi$ +ro/ec i$ o recei-e ,e$$"ge hro*gh ,o(ile +hone$ "n! $en!
i o Noice Bo"r! for !i$+l"y) Thi$ +ro/ec i$ ("$ic"lly " ,icro conroller0 ("$e! !e$ign *$e!
o conrol re,oe noice (o"r!) 23C45RD5BN i$ he"r of hi$ +ro/ec) Here %e *$e ,o(ile
+hone$ "$ " ,e$$"ge $en!er $en!ing ,e$$"ge$ o noice (o"r! (y $en!ing "++ro+ri"e SMS
"n! recei-ing SMS %hene-er here i$ no +ro(le,) The ,o(ile *$e! i$ GSM echnology)
The 'ey $rengh of GSM i$ i$ inern"ion"l ro",ing c"+"(iliy gi-ing con$*,er$ "
$e",le$$ $er-ice $*+erior $+eech .*"liy *ni-er$"l "n! in0e6+en$i-e ,o(ile +hone$ Digi"l
con-enience Ne% $er-ice$7C"ll %"iing C"ll for%"r!ing SMS8) SMS i$ " GSM $er-ice (y
%hich %e c"n $en! "n! recei-e !"" o "n! fro, "noher GSM h"n!$e) The ,e$$"ge c"n (e
co,+ri$e! of %or!$ or n*,(er$ or "n "l+h" n*,eric"l co,(in"ion)
The ,"in "!-"n"ge of SMS $er-ice "re i#$ "n "-"il"(le co,,*nic"ion ool ho$e
%ih $+eech or he"ring !iffic*lie$) An! if yo* ge "n SMS "n! yo* "re o*$i!e of he GSM
co-er"ge "re" SMS %ill (e $ore! "n! yo* %ill (e recei-e! i "$ $oon "$ yo* enere! he
ne%or' co-er"ge "re") Thi$ %ill "l%"y$ 'ee+ yo* "%"re of he $ec*riy $i*"ion of yo*r
ho,e9office)
U$ing :"enion co,,"n!$; 7AT Co,,"n!$8 GSM ,o!e, o+er"ion$ c"n (e
conrolle!)
1.2 Objectie o! t"e #tud$:
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The ,"in o(/eci-e of $elecing hi$ +ro/ec i$ o g"in 'no%le!ge "n! e6+erience in
!e-elo+ing " re"l i,e "++lic"ion) A+"r fro, hi$ o g"in he Kno%le!ge of
23C45RD5BN Micro Conroller GSM ,o!e, "n! he %"y in %hich he$e c"n (e *$e! o
recei-e ,e$$"ge$ "n! !i$+l"y on noice (o"r!)
2I MA?IDI "n! @ANICE GI>>ISE MA?IDI ile!
:THE 2>ER AND EMBEDED SSTEMS;)
1.* Introduction to E+,EDED &-&TE+&:
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E,(e!!e! $y$e,$ "re !e$igne! o !o $o,e $+ecific "$' r"her h"n (e " gener"l0
+*r+o$e co,+*er for ,*li+le "$'$) So,e "l$o h"-e re"l i,e +erfor,"nce con$r"in$ h"
,*$ (e ,e for re"$on $*ch "$ $"fey "n! *$"(iliy oher$ ,"y h"-e lo% or no +erfor,"nce
re.*ire,en$ "llo%ing he $y$e, h"r!%"re o (e $i,+lifie! o re!*ce co$$)
An e,(e!!e! $y$e, i$ no "l%"y$ " $e+"r"e (loc' 0 -ery ofen i i$ +hy$ic"lly (*il0
in o he !e-ice i i$ conrolling) The $of%"re %rien for e,(e!!e! $y$e,$ i$ ofen c"lle!
fir,%"re "n! i$ $ore! in re"!0only ,e,ory or fl"$h con-ecor chi+$ r"her h"n " !i$' !ri-e)
I ofen r*n$ %ih li,ie! co,+*er h"r!%"re re$o*rce$ $,"ll or no 'ey(o"r! $creen "n!
lile ,e,ory)
Wirele$$ co,,*nic"ion h"$ (eco,e "n i,+or"n fe"*re for co,,erci"l +ro!*c$
"n! " +o+*l"r re$e"rch o+ic %ihin he l"$ en ye"r$) There "re no% ,ore ,o(ile +hone
$*($cri+ion$ h"n %ire!0line $*($cri+ion$) >"ely one "re" of co,,erci"l inere$ h"$ (een
lo%0co$ lo%0+o%er "n! $hor0!i$"nce %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion *$e! for +er$on"l %irele$$
ne%or'$)F Technology "!-"nce,en$ "re +ro-i!ing $,"ller "n! ,ore co$ effeci-e !e-ice$
for inegr"ing co,+*"ion"l +roce$$ing %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion "n! " ho$ of oher
f*ncion"liie$) The$e e,(e!!e! co,,*nic"ion$ !e-ice$ %ill (e inegr"e! ino "++lic"ion$
r"nging fro, ho,el"n! $ec*riy o in!*$ry "*o,"ion "n! ,onioring) They %ill "l$o
en"(le c*$o, "ilore! engineering $ol*ion$ cre"ing " re-ol*ion"ry %"y of !i$$e,in"ing
"n! +roce$$ing infor,"ion) Wih ne% echnologie$ "n! !e-ice$ co,e ne% (*$ine$$
"ci-iie$ "n! he nee! for e,+loyee$ in he$e echnologic"l "re"$) Engineer$ %ho h"-e
'no%le!ge of e,(e!!e! $y$e,$ "n! %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion$ %ill (e in high !e,"n!)
Unfor*n"ely here "re fe% "!or"(le en-iron,en$ "-"il"(le for !e-elo+,en "n! cl"$$roo,
*$e $o $*!en$ ofen !o no le"rn "(o* he$e echnologie$ !*ring h"n!$0on l"( e6erci$e$)
The co,,*nic"ion ,e!i*,$ %ere %i$e! +"ir o+ic"l fi(er infr"re! "n! gener"lly
%irele$$ r"!io)
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CHAPTER 2
DE&IGN
DE&IGN
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The $y$e,$ !e$ign +roce$$ +"riion$ he re.*ire,en$ o eiher h"r!%"re or $of%"re
$y$e,$) I e$"(li$he$ he o-er"ll $y$e, "rchiec*re) Sof%"re !e$ign in-ol-e$ he
re+re$ening he $of%"re $y$e, f*ncion$ in " for, h" ,"y (e r"n$for,e! ino one or
,ore e6ec*"(le +rogr",$) The !e$ign in-ol-e$ he !e$ign of h"r!%"re "$ %ell "$ $of%"re
+"r re.*ire! for he +ro/ec)
2.1 ,loc Dia/ra0:
Receier:
Tran#0itter:
ig5)1 Bloc' Di"gr", of ro/ec
2.2 De#i/n Proce##:
DRK College of Engineering & Technology
MOBI>E
MICROCONTRO>>ER
23c45
GSMMODEM
MEMOR
Tr"n$for,er
Recifier iler
Reg*l"or7J2CD
RS 55
MICROCONTRO>>ER
23c45
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ig5)5 De$ign roce$$
2.% Hard)are De#i/n:
2.%.1 +icrocontroller Introduction:
eature#:
Co,+"i(le %ih MCS041L ro!*c$
2K Bye$ of In0Sy$e, Re+rogr",,"(le l"$h Me,ory
En!*r"nce 1oc'
54 6 20(i Inern"l RAM
5 rogr",,"(le I9O >ine$
Three 10(i Ti,er9Co*ner$
DRK College of Engineering & Technology J
De#i/n Proce##
Hard)are De#i/n &o!t)are De#i/n
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Eigh Inerr*+ So*rce$
rogr",,"(le Seri"l Ch"nnel
>o%0+o%er I!le "n! o%er0!o%n Mo!e$
,loc Dia/ra0:
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ig5) Bloc' Di"gr", of Microconroller
De#cri'tion:
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The AT23C45 i$ " lo%0+o%er high0+erfor,"nce CMOS 20(i ,icroco,+*er %ih
2K (ye$ of l"$h +rogr",,"(le "n! er"$"(le re"! only ,e,ory 7EROM8) The !e-ice i$
,"n*f"c*re! *$ing A,el#$ high0!en$iy non-ol"ile ,e,ory echnology "n! i$ co,+"i(le
%ih he in!*$ry0$"n!"r! 2
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CC S*++ly -ol"ge)
GND Gro*n!)
Port 3
or < i$ "n 20(i o+en !r"in (i0!irecion"l I9O +or) A$ "n o*+* +or e"ch +in c"n$in' eigh TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o +or < +in$ he +in$ c"n (e *$e! "$ high
i,+e!"nce in+*$)
or < c"n "l$o (e config*re! o (e he ,*li+le6e! lo% or!er "!!re$$9!"" (*$ !*ring
"cce$$e$ o e6ern"l +rogr", "n! !"" ,e,ory) In hi$ ,o!e < h"$ inern"l
*ll0*+$)
or < "l$o recei-e$ he co!e (ye$ !*ring l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! o*+*$ he co!e
(ye$ !*ring +rogr", -erific"ion) E6ern"l +*ll0*+$ "re re.*ire! !*ring +rogr",
-erific"ion)
Port 1:
or 1 i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or 1 o*+*
(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or 1 +in$ hey "re +*lle!
high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or 1 +in$ h" "re
e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he inern"l +*ll0*+$) In
"!!iion 1)< "n! 1)1 c"n (e config*re! o (e he i,er9co*ner 5 e6ern"l co*n in+*
71)
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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS
or 5 i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or 5 o*+*
(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or 5 +in$ hey "re +*lle!
high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or 5 +in$ h" "re
e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he inern"l +*ll0*+$) or 5
e,i$ he high0or!er "!!re$$ (ye !*ring feche$ fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory "n! !*ring
"cce$$e$ o e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory h" *$e$ 10(i "!!re$$e$ 7MO DTR8) In hi$
"++lic"ion or 5 *$e$ $rong inern"l +*ll0*+$ %hen e,iing 1$) D*ring "cce$$e$ o
e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory h" *$e$ 20(i "!!re$$e$ 7MO RI8 or 5 e,i$ he conen$ of
he 5 S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er) or 5 "l$o recei-e$ he high0or!er "!!re$$ (i$ "n! $o,e
conrol $ign"l$ !*ring l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! -erific"ion)
Port %:
or i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or o*+*
(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or +in$ hey "re +*lle!
high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or +in$ h" "re
e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he +*ll0*+$) or "l$o
$er-e$ he f*ncion$ of -"rio*$ $+eci"l fe"*re$ of he AT23C41 "$ $ho%n in he follo%ing
"(le) or "l$o recei-e$ $o,e conrol $ign"l$ for l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! -erific"ion)
ig 5) in De$cri+ion of or
R&T:
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Re$e in+*) A high on hi$ +in for %o ,"chine cycle$ %hile he o$cill"or i$ r*nning
re$e$ he De-ice)
A4E5PROG:
A!!re$$ >"ch En"(le i$ "n o*+* +*l$e for l"ching he lo% (ye of he "!!re$$
!*ring "cce$$e$ o e6ern"l ,e,ory) Thi$ +in i$ "l$o he +rogr", +*l$e in+* 7ROG8 !*ring
l"$h +rogr",,ing) In nor,"l o+er"ion A>E i$ e,ie! " " con$"n r"e of 19 he
o$cill"or fre.*ency "n! ,"y (e *$e! for e6ern"l i,ing or cloc'ing +*r+o$e$) Noe
ho%e-er h" one A>E +*l$e i$ $'i++e! !*ring e"ch "cce$$ o e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory) If
!e$ire! A>E o+er"ion c"n (e !i$"(le! (y $eing (i < of SR loc"ion 2EH) Wih he (i
$e A>E i$ "ci-e only !*ring " MO or MOC in$r*cion) Oher%i$e he +in i$ %e"'ly
+*lle! high) Seing he A>E0!i$"(le (i h"$ no effec if he ,icroconroller i$ in e6ern"l
e6ec*ion ,o!e)
P&EN:
rogr", Sore En"(le i$ he re"! $ro(e o e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory) When he
AT23C45 i$ e6ec*ing co!e fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory SEN i$ "ci-"e! %ice e"ch
,"chine cycle e6ce+ h" %o SEN "ci-"ion$ "re $'i++e! !*ring e"ch "cce$$ o e6ern"l
!"" ,e,ory)
EA5PP:
E6ern"l Acce$$ En"(le) EA ,*$ (e $r"++e! o GND in or!er o en"(le he !e-ice o
fech co!e fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory loc"ion$ $"ring "
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TA>1 "n! TA>5 "re he in+* "n! o*+* re$+eci-ely of "n in-ering
",+lifier h" c"n (e config*re! for *$e "$ "n on0chi+ o$cill"or "$ $ho%n in ig*re 1)
Eiher " .*"r cry$"l or cer",ic re$on"or ,"y (e *$e!) To !ri-e he !e-ice fro, "n
E6ern"l cloc' $o*rce TA>5 $ho*l! (e lef *nconnece! %hile TA>1 i$ !ri-en "$
$ho%n in ig*re 5)
ig5)JO$cill"or Connecion$
&'ecial unction re/i#ter#:
S+eci"l f*ncion regi$er$ "re he "re"$ of ,e,ory h" conrol $+ecific f*ncion"liy
of he 2 AB he higher (ye of he
+ro!*c ge$ $ore! in B regi$er) In !i- AB he .*oien ge$ $ore! in B %ih he re,"in!er
in A)
c7 &tac 'ointer 891"7:
The $"c' +oiner hol!$ 20(i -"l*e) Thi$ i$ *$e! o in!ic"e %here he ne6 -"l*e o
(e re,o-e! fro, he $"c' $ho*l! (e "'en fro,) When " -"l*e i$ o (e +*$he! ono he
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$"c' he 2 "n! DH %or' ogeher %or' ogeher o re+re$en " 10(i -"l*e
c"lle! he !"" +oiner) The !"" +oiner i$ *$e! in o+er"ion$ reg"r!ing e6ern"l RAM "n!
$o,e in$r*cion$ co!e ,e,ory) I i$ " 10(i SR "n! "l$o "n "!!re$$"(le SR)
e7 Pro/ra0 counter:
The +rogr", co*ner i$ " 1 (i regi$er %hich con"in$ he 5 (ye "!!re$$ %hich
ell$ he 2
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i,er 20(i "*o relo"! i,er or %o $e+"r"e i,er$) A!!iion"lly yo* ,"y config*re he
i,er$ o only co*n %hen "n e6ern"l +in i$ "ci-"e! or o co*n :e-en$; h" "re in!ic"e!
on "n e6ern"l +in)
i7 TO 8Ti0er 3 lo)5"i/" addre## 9A59C "7:
The$e %o SR$ "'en ogeher re+re$en i,er
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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS
n7 P% 8'ort % addre## ,3" bit addre##able7:
Thi$ i$ " +or l"ch) E"ch (i of hi$ SR corre$+on!$ o one of he +in$ on "
,icro conroller) Any !"" o (e o*+*e! o +or < i$ fir$ %rien on < regi$er) or e)g) (i
< of +or < i$ +in ) 8Pro/ra0&tatu# >ord
3D3"7:
The +rogr", S"*$ Wor! i$ *$e! o $ore " n*,(er of i,+or"n (i$ h" "re $e "n!
cle"re! (y 2
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he +"riy fl"g "n! he o-erflo% fl"g) A!!iion"lly i "l$o con"in$ he regi$er ("n' $elec
fl"g$ %hich "re *$e! o $elec %hich of he :R; regi$er ("n'$ c*rrenly in *$e)
r7 &,U 8&erial ,u!!er
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ig 5)2AT23C45 SR M"+ "n! Re$e "l*e$
A ,"+ of he on0chi+ ,e,ory "re" c"lle! he S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er 7SR8 $+"ce
i$ $ho%n in "(o-e T"(le 1) Noe h" no "ll of he "!!re$$e$ "re occ*+ie! "n! *nocc*+ie!
"!!re$$e$ ,"y no (e i,+le,ene! on he chi+) Re"! "cce$$e$ o he$e "!!re$$e$ %ill in
gener"l re*rn r"n!o, !"" "n! %rie "cce$$e$ %ill h"-e "n in!eer,in"e effec) U$er
$of%"re $ho*l! no %rie 1$ o he$e *nli$e! loc"ion$ $ince hey ,"y (e *$e! in f**re
+ro!*c$ o in-o'e ne% fe"*re$) In h" c"$e he re$e or in"ci-e -"l*e$ of he ne% (i$ %ill
"l%"y$ (e 8 i$ he C"+*re9Relo"! regi$er$ for Ti,er 5 in 10(i c"+*re ,o!e or 10(i "*o0
relo"! ,o!e)
Interru't Re/i#ter#The in!i-i!*"l inerr*+ en"(le (i$ "re in he IE regi$er) T%o
+rioriie$ c"n (e $e for e"ch of he $i6 inerr*+ $o*rce$ in he I regi$er)
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ig 5)3 TCON
Data +e0or$:
The AT23C45 i,+le,en$ 54 (ye$ of on0chi+ RAM) The *++er 152 (ye$ occ*+y "
+"r"llel "!!re$$ $+"ce o he S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er$) Th" ,e"n$ he *++er 152 (ye$
h"-e he $",e "!!re$$e$ "$ he SR $+"ce (* "re +hy$ic"lly $e+"r"e fro, SR $+"ce) When
"n in$r*cion "cce$$e$ "n inern"l loc"ion "(o-e "!!re$$ JH he "!!re$$ ,o!e *$e! in he
in$r*cion $+ecifie$ %heher he CU "cce$$e$ he *++er 152 (ye$ of RAM or he SR
$+"ce) In$r*cion$ h" *$e !irec "!!re$$ing "cce$$ SR $+"ce) or e6",+le he follo%ing
!irec "!!re$$ing in$r*cion "cce$$e$ he SR " loc"ion
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cry$"l) Thi$ i$ "n elecric"l !e-ice %hich %hen energy i$ "++lie! e,i$ +*l$e$ " " fi6e!
fre.*ency) One c"n fin! cry$"l$ of -ir*"lly "ny fre.*ency !e+en!ing on he "++lic"ion
re.*ire,en$) When *$ing "n 2
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Ho) doe# a ti0er count? A i,er "l%"y$ co*n$ *+) I !oe$n# ,"er %heher he i,er i$
(eing *$e! "$ " i,er " co*ner or " ("*! r"e gener"or A i,er i$ "l%"y$ incre,ene! (y
he ,icroconroller)
Ti0er &R#:
A$ ,enione! (efore he 218) We#-e gi-en SR$ n",e$ o ,"'e i e"$ier o refer
o he, (* in re"liy "n SR h"$ " n*,eric "!!re$$) I i$ ofen *$ef*l o 'no% he n*,eric
"!!re$$ h" corre$+on!$ o "n SR n",e)
The SR$ rel"ing o i,er$ "re
ig 5)1
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"$ he high "n! lo% (ye of he i,er) Th" i$ o $"y %hen Ti,er < h"$ " -"l*e of 1) Since here "re
only %o (ye$ !e-oe! o he -"l*e of e"ch i,er i i$ "++"ren h" he ,"6i,*, -"l*e "
i,er ,"y h"-e i$ 444) If " i,er con"in$ he -"l*e 444 "n! i$ $*($e.*enly
incre,ene! i %ill re$eor o-erflo%00("c' o
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A$ yo* c"n $ee in he "(o-e ch"r fo*r (i$ 7%o for e"ch i,er8 "re *$e! o $+ecify "
,o!e of o+er"ion) The ,o!e$ of o+er"ion "re
ig 5)15 Mo!e O+er"ion
Ti,er ,o!e F6 re"che$ 544 "n! i$ $*($e.*enly incre,ene! in$e"! of
re$eing o < 7"$ in he c"$e of ,o!e$ < "n! 18 i %ill (e re$e o he -"l*e $ore! in TH6) or
e6",+le le#$ $"y TH< hol!$ he -"l*e Dh "n! T>< hol!$ he -"l*e Eh) If %e %ere o
%"ch he -"l*e$ of TH< "n! T>< for " fe% ,"chine cycle$ hi$ i$ %h" %e#! $ee
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ig 5)1 Ti,e Mo!e
A$ yo* c"n $ee he -"l*e of TH< ne-er ch"nge!) In f"c %hen yo* *$e ,o!e 5 yo*
"l,o$ "l%"y$ $e TH6 o " 'no%n -"l*e "n! T>6 i$ he SR h" i$ con$"nly incre,ene!)
Wh"#$ he (enefi of "*o0relo"! ,o!eQ erh"+$ yo* %"n he i,er o "l%"y$ h"-e " -"l*e
fro, 5
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T"e TCON &R:
in"lly here#$ one ,ore SR h" conrol$ he %o i,er$ "n! +ro-i!e$ -"l*"(le
infor,"ion "(o* he,) The TCON SR h"$ he follo%ing $r*c*re $ho%n (elo%)
ro, $r*c*re yo* ,"y noice %e#-e only !efine! of he 2 (i$) Th"#$ (ec"*$e he
oher (i$ of he SR !on# h"-e "nyhing o !o %ih i,er$hey h"-e o !o %ih
Inerr*+$ "n! hey %ill (e !i$c*$$e! in he ch"+er h" "!!re$$e$ inerr*+$)
ig5)1 TCON SR
A ne% +iece of infor,"ion in hi$ ch"r i$ he col*,n F(i "!!re$$)F Thi$ i$ (ec"*$e
hi$ SR i$ F(i0"!!re$$"(le)F Wh" !oe$ hi$ ,e"nQ I ,e"n$ if yo* %"n o $e he (i T100
%hich i$ he highe$ (i of TCON00yo* co*l! e6ec*e he co,,"n! MO TCON P25) In he Ti,er f*ncion he T>5 regi$er i$
incre,ene! e-ery ,"chine cycle) Since " ,"chine cycle con$i$$ of 15 o$cill"or +erio!$ he
co*n r"e i$ 1915 of he o$cill"or fre.*ency)
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ig 5)14Ti,er 5 O+er"ing Mo!e$
In he Co*ner f*ncion he regi$er i$ incre,ene! in re$+on$e o " 10o0< r"n$iion
" i$ corre$+on!ing e6ern"l in+* +in T5) In hi$ f*ncion he e6ern"l in+* i$ $",+le!
!*ring S45 of e-ery ,"chine cycle) When he $",+le$ $ho% " high in one cycle "n! " lo%
in he ne6 cycle he co*n i$ incre,ene!) The ne% co*n -"l*e "++e"r$ in he regi$er
!*ring S1 of he cycle follo%ing he one in %hich he r"n$iion %"$ !eece!) Since %o
,"chine cycle$ 75 o$cill"or +erio!$8 "re re.*ire! o recognie " 10o0< r"n$iion he
,"6i,*, co*n r"e i$ 195 of he o$cill"or fre.*ency) To en$*re h" " gi-en le-el i$
$",+le! " le"$ once (efore i ch"nge$ he le-el $ho*l! (e hel! for " le"$ one f*ll ,"chine
cycle)
InitialiBin/ a Ti0er:
No% h" %e#-e !i$c*$$e! he i,er rel"e! SR$ %e "re re"!y o %rie co!e h" %ill
inii"lie he i,er "n! $"r i r*nning) A$ yo*#ll rec"ll %e fir$ ,*$ !eci!e %h" ,o!e %e
"n he i,er o (e in) In hi$ c"$e %e %"n " 10(i i,er h" r*n$ conin*o*$ly h" i$ o
$"y i i$ no !e+en!en on "ny e6ern"l +in$) We ,*$ fir$ inii"lie he TMOD SR) Since
%e "re %or'ing %ih i,er < %e %ill (e *$ing he lo%e$ (i$ of TMOD) The fir$ %o (i$
GATE< "n! C9T< "re (oh < $ince %e %"n he i,er o (e in!e+en!en of he e6ern"l +in$)
10(i ,o!e i$ i,er ,o!e 1 $o %e ,*$ cle"r T
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Readin/ t"e Ti0er:
There "re %o co,,on %"y$ of re"!ing he -"l*e of " 10(i i,er %hich yo* *$e
!e+en!$ on yo*r $+ecific "++lic"ion) o* ,"y eiher re"! he "c*"l -"l*e of he i,er "$ "
10(i n*,(er or yo* ,"y $i,+ly !eec %hen he i,er h"$ o-erflo%e!)
Readin/ t"e alue o! a Ti0er:
If yo*r i,er i$ in "n 20(i ,o!e00h" i$ eiher 20(i A*o Relo"! ,o!e or in $+li
i,er ,o!e00hen re"!ing he -"l*e of he i,er i$ $i,+le) o* $i,+ly re"! he 10(ye -"l*e
of he i,er "n! yo*#re !one) Ho%e-er if yo*#re !e"ling %ih " 10(i or 10(i i,er he
chore i$ " lile ,ore co,+lic"e!) Con$i!er %h" %o*l! h"++en if yo* re"! he lo% (ye of
he i,er "$ 544 hen re"! he high (ye of he i,er "$ 14) In hi$ c"$e %h" "c*"lly
h"++ene! %"$ h" he i,er -"l*e %"$ 19544 7high (ye 1 lo% (ye 5448 (* yo* re"!
149544) WhyQ Bec"*$e yo* re"! he lo% (ye "$ 544) B* %hen yo* e6ec*e! he ne6
in$r*cion " $,"ll ",o*n of i,e +"$$e!00(* eno*gh for he i,er o incre,en "g"in "
%hich i,e he -"l*e rolle! o-er fro, 19544 o 149
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"n! he high (ye in he Acc*,*l"or) Anoher ,*ch $i,+ler "lern"i-e i$ o $i,+ly *rn off
he i,er r*n (i 7i)e) C>R TR
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A$ $"e! e"rlier +rogr", flo% i$ "l%"y$ $e.*eni"l (eing "lere! only (y ho$e
in$r*cion$ %hich e6+re$$ly c"*$e +rogr", flo% o !e-i"e in $o,e %"y) Ho%e-er
inerr*+$ gi-e *$ " ,ech"ni$, o F+* on hol!F he nor,"l +rogr", flo% e6ec*e "
$*(ro*ine "n! hen re$*,e nor,"l +rogr", flo% "$ if %e h"! ne-er lef i) Thi$ $*(ro*ine
c"lle! "n inerr*+ h"n!ler i$ only e6ec*e! %hen " cer"in e-en 7inerr*+8 occ*r$) The
e-en ,"y (e one of he i,er$ Fo-erflo%ingF recei-ing " ch"r"cer -i" he $eri"l +or
r"n$,iing " ch"r"cer -i" he $eri"l +or or one of %o Fe6ern"l e-en$)F The 2e#$ "l$o $*++o$e h" %e %"n o*r +rogr", o
"*o,"ic"lly oggle he )< +or e-ery i,e i,er < o-erflo%$) The co!e o !o hi$ i$n# oo
!iffic*l
@NB TE
C> )R TE )))
Since he T< fl"g i$ $e %hene-er i,er < o-erflo%$ he "(o-e co!e %ill oggle ) "n! C>R in$r*cion
re.*ire 5 in$r*cion cycle$ o e6ec*e) To ,"'e he ,"h e"$y le#$ $"y he re$ of he co!e
in he +rogr", re.*ire$ 32 in$r*cion cycle$) Th*$ in o"l o*r co!e con$*,e$ 1
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So o "chie-e o*r go"l %e#-e $+en 115 in$r*cion cycle$) So 5)
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ig5)1 Inerr*+$
2.%.2 REGU4ATED PO>ER &UPP4-:
De#cri'tion:
A -"ri"(le reg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly "l$o c"lle! " -"ri"(le (ench +o%er $*++ly i$ one%here yo* c"n conin*o*$ly "!/*$ he o*+* -ol"ge o yo*r re.*ire,en$) "rying he
o*+* of he +o%er $*++ly i$ he reco,,en!e! %"y o e$ " +ro/ec "fer h"-ing !o*(le
chec'e! +"r$ +l"ce,en "g"in$ circ*i !r"%ing$ "n! he +"r$ +l"ce,en g*i!e) Thi$ y+e of
reg*l"ion i$ i!e"l for h"-ing " $i,+le -"ri"(le (ench +o%er $*++ly) Ac*"lly hi$ i$ .*ie
i,+or"n (ec"*$e one of he fir$ +ro/ec$ " ho((yi$ $ho*l! *n!er"'e i$ he con$r*cion of
" -"ri"(le reg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly) While " !e!ic"e! $*++ly i$ .*ie h"n!y e)g) 4 or 15
iZ$ ,*ch h"n!ier o h"-e " -"ri"(le $*++ly on h"n! e$+eci"lly for e$ing) Mo$ !igi"l logic
circ*i$ "n! +roce$$or$ nee! " 4 -ol +o%er $*++ly) To *$e he$e +"r$ %e nee! o (*il! "
reg*l"e! 4 -ol $o*rce) U$*"lly yo* $"r %ih "n *nreg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly r"nging fro, 3
-ol$ o 5 -ol$ DC 7A 15 -ol +o%er $*++ly i$ incl*!e! %ih he ,e/inner it "n! he
+icrocontroller ,e/inner it)8) To ,"'e " 4 -ol +o%er $*++ly %e *$e " >MJ2
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,loc Dia/ra0:
ig 5)12 Bloc' Di"gr", of RS
Circuit Dia/ra0:
ig 5)13 B"$ic o%er S*++ly Circ*i
DRK College of Engineering & Technology
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A(o-e i$ he circ*i of " ("$ic unre/ulated!c +o%er $*++ly) A (ri!ge recifier D1 o
D recifie$ he "c fro, he r"n$for,er $econ!"ry %hich ,"y "l$o (e " (loc' recifier $*ch
"$ WO or e-en fo*r in!i-i!*"l !io!e$ $*ch "$ 1N
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Tran#!or0er Ratin/:
In o*r e6",+le "(o-e %e %ere "'ing
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$"y$ i i$ inen!e! for (i r"e$ lo%er h"n 5
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E,+loying Seri"l Bin"ry D"" Inerch"nge i$$*e! in 133J)Since Re-i$ion C h"-e (een in
i,ing "n! !e"il$ inen!e! o i,+ro-e h"r,oni"ion %ih he CCITT$"n!"r! )5 (*
e.*i+,en (*il o he c*rren $"n!"r! %ill inero+er"e %ih ol!er -er$ion$)
4i0itation#:
Bec"*$e he "++lic"ion of RS055 h"$ e6en!e! f"r (eyon! he origin"l +*r+o$e of
inerconnecing " er,in"l %ih " ,o!e, $*cce$$or $"n!"r!$ h"-e (een !e-elo+e! o
"!!re$$ he li,i"ion$) I$$*e$ %ih he RS055 $"n!"r! incl*!e
The l"rge -ol"ge $%ing$ "n! re.*ire,en for +o$ii-e "n! neg"i-e $*++lie$ incre"$e$
+o%er con$*,+ion of he inerf"ce "n! co,+lic"e$ +o%er $*++ly !e$ign) The
-ol"ge $%ing re.*ire,en "l$o li,i$ he *++er $+ee! of " co,+"i(le inerf"ce)
Single0en!e! $ign"ling referre! o " co,,on $ign"l gro*n! li,i$ he noi$e i,,*niy
"n! r"n$,i$$ion !i$"nce)
M*li0!ro+ 7,e"ning " connecion (e%een ,ore h"n %o !e-ice$8 o+er"ion of "n
RS055 co,+"i(le inerf"ce i$ no !efine! %hile ,*li0!ro+ F%or'0"ro*n!F h"$ (een
!e-i$e! hey h"-e li,i"ion$ in $+ee! "n! co,+"i(iliy)
A$y,,eric"l !efiniion$ of he %o en!$ of he lin' ,"'e he "$$ign,en of he role
of " ne%ly !e-elo+e! !e-ice +ro(le,"ic he !e$igner ,*$ !eci!e on eiher " DTE0
li'e or DCE0li'e inerf"ce "n! %hich connecor +in "$$ign,en$ o *$e)
DRK College of Engineering & Technology 2
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The h"n!$h"'ing"n! conrol line$ of he inerf"ce "re inen!e! for he $e*+ "n!
"'e!o%n of " !i"l0*+ co,,*nic"ion circ*i in +"ric*l"r he *$e of h"n!$h"'e line$
for flo% conroli$ no reli"(ly i,+le,ene! in ,"ny !e-ice$)
No ,eho! for $en!ing +o%er o " !e-ice %hile " $,"ll ",o*n of c*rren c"n (e
e6r"ce! fro, he DTR "n! RTS line$ hi$ c"n only (e *$e! for lo% +o%er !e-ice$
$*ch "$ ,ice)
While he $"n!"r! reco,,en!$ " 540%"y connecor "n! i$ +in o* he connecor i$
l"rge (y c*rren $"n!"r!$)
olta/e leel#:
The RS055 $"n!"r! !efine$ he -ol"ge le-el$ h" corre$+on! o logic"l one "n!
logic"l ero le-el$) "li! $ign"l$ "re +l*$ or ,in*$ o 14 -ol$) The r"nge ne"r ero -ol$ i$
no " -"li! RS055 le-el logic one i$ !efine! "$ " neg"i-e -ol"ge he $ign"l con!iion i$
c"lle! ,"r'ing "n! h"$ he f*ncion"l $ignific"nce of O) >ogic ero i$ +o$ii-e he $ign"l
con!iion i$ $+"cing "n! h"$ he f*ncion ON) The $"n!"r! $+ecifie$ " ,"6i,*, o+en0
circ*i -ol"ge of 54 -ol$ $ign"l le-el$ of ]4 ]1< ]15 "n! ]14 "re "ll co,,only
$een !e+en!ing on he +o%er $*++lie$ "-"il"(le %ihin " !e-ice) RS055 !ri-er$ "n!
recei-er$ ,*$ (e "(le o %ih$"n! in!efinie $hor circ*i o gro*n! or o "ny -ol"ge le-el
*+ o =9054 -ol$) The $le% r"e or ho% f"$ he $ign"l ch"nge$ (e%een le-el$ i$ "l$o
conrolle!)
Bec"*$e he -ol"ge le-el$ "re higher h"n logic le-el$ y+ic"lly *$e! (y inegr"e!
circ*i$ $+eci"l iner-ening !ri-er circ*i$ "re re.*ire! o r"n$l"e logic le-el$) The$e "l$o
+roec he !e-iceZ$ inern"l circ*iry fro, $hor circ*i$ or r"n$ien$ h" ,"y "++e"r on he
RS055 inerf"ce "n! +ro-i!e $*fficien c*rren o co,+ly %ih he $le% r"e re.*ire,en$
for !"" r"n$,i$$ion)
DRK College of Engineering & Technology 3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit_flow_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slew_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit_flow_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slew_rate8/12/2019 Remote Notice Board Using GSM
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Bec"*$e (oh en!$ of he RS055 circ*i !e+en! on he gro*n! +in (eing ero -ol$
+ro(le,$ %ill occ*r %hen connecing ,"chinery "n! co,+*er$ %here he -ol"ge (e%een
he gro*n! +in on one en! "n! he gro*n! +in on he oher i$ no ero) Thi$ ,"y "l$o c"*$e "
h""r!o*$ gro*n! loo+)
2.%.%.1 +A6 2%2:
A $"n!"r! $eri"l inerf"ce for C RS55C re.*ire$ neg"i-e logic i)e) logic 1 i$ 0
o 015 "n! logic < i$ = o =15) To con-er TT> logic $"y T6D "n! R6D +in$ of he
,icroconroller h*$ nee! " con-erer chi+) A MA55 chi+ h"$ long (een *$ing in ,"ny
,icroconroller$ (o"r!$) I i$ " !*"l RS55 recei-er 9 r"n$,ier h" ,ee$ "ll RS55
$+ecific"ion$ %hile *$ing only =4 +o%er $*++ly) I h"$ %o on(o"r! ch"rge +*,+ -ol"ge
con-erer$ %hich gener"e =1
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U+gr"!e Wih I,+ro-e! ESD 7140' HBM8 "n!
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ig 5)51 Circ*i Connecion of MA0 55
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2.%.( 4CD:
>i.*i! cry$"l !i$+l"y$ offer $e-er"l "!-"n"ge$ o-er r"!iion"l C"ho!e R"y T*(e
!i$+l"y$ h" ,"'e he, i!e"l for $e-er"l "++lic"ion$) Of co*r$e >CD$ "re fl" "n! hey *$e
only " fr"cion of " +o%er re.*ire! (y c"ho!e r"y *(e$) They "re e"$ier o re"! "n! ,ore
+le"$"n o %or' %ih for long +erio!$ of i,e h"n ,o$ or!in"ry -i!eo ,onior$) There "re
$e-er"l r"!eoff$ "$ %ell $*ch "$ li,ie! -ie% "ngle (righne$$ "n! conr"$ no o ,enion
high ,"n*f"c*ring co$)
165 Al+h"n*,eric >CD i$ *$e! in hi$ +ro/ec o !i$+l"y !"" o *$er) There "re 5
ro%$ "n! 1 col*,n$) I i$ +o$$i(le o !i$+l"y 1 ch"r"cer$ on e"ch of he 5 ro%$) I h"$ %o
regi$er$ co,,"n! regi$er "n! !"" regi$er)
1@ 6 2 A4PHANU+ERIC 4CD:
The >CD *$e! on he r"n$,iing $i!e i$ " 1 ch"r"cer "n! 5 line$ >CD %hich i$
nor,"lly referre! "$ 1 5 >CD) Thi$ >CD i$ "n "l+h"n*,eric >CD h" ,e"n$ i c"n (e
*$e! o !i$+l"y he ch"r"cer$ of (oh "l+h"(e$ "n! n*,er"l$ "+"r fro, $+eci"l $y,(ol$)
The -"l*e o (e !i$+l"ye! on he >CD#$ +"nel i$ $en in he for, of ASCII co!e for,") The
!"" "n! he co,,"n!$ o (e $en! o he >CD "re $en on he !"" (*$ (y *$ing " +or of he
,icro conroller %hich i$ connece! o he !"" +in$ of he >CD) The $",e !"" (*$ i$ *$e!
o c"rry he conrol $ign"l$ in (oh he !irecion$ "n! "l$o he !"" o (e !i$+l"ye! on he
>CD) The >CD#$ "cce+ he $"n!"r! co,,"n!$ "n! "cce+ he ASCII co!e$) Inern"lly he
>CD conroller !eco!e$ he$e co!e$ "n! +erfor,$ he conrol "ci-iy "n! "l$o !eco!e$ he
ASCII co!e$ "n! $en!$ he (i ,"+ for," in or!er o !i$+l"y he ch"r"cer on he >CD)
The R$ 7regi$er $elec8 +in i$ *$e! for $elecing he regi$er ino %hich he !"" i$ o
(e %rien) The >CD h"$ inern"lly %o regi$er$ one i$ for he co,,"n! "n! he oher i$ for
he !"" %hich i$ o (e !i$+l"ye!) When r$< he !"" fro, he !"" +in$ i$ %rien ino he
!"" regi$er "n! %hen r$1 he !"" fro, he !"" +in$ i$ %rien ino he !"" regi$er) The
r9% 7re"!9%rie8 +in i$ for $+ecifying %heher o %rie !"" o he >CD or re"! !"" fro, he
>CD) If r9%
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high o lo% +*l$e ,*$ (e "++lie! o hi$ +in in or!er for he >CD o l"ch in he !"" +re$en
" he !"" +in$) Thi$ +*l$e ,*$ (e " ,ini,*, of 4
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&'eci!ication#:
ig 5)55 >CD "nel
DRK College of Engineering & Technology 4
Pin &$0bol 4eel unction
1 SS 0 o%er GND
5 DD 0 o%er 4
< 0 o%er for >CD Dri-e
RS H9> Regi$er Selec Sign"l
HD"" In+* >In$r*cion In+*4 R9W H9> HD"" Re"! 7MU0_>CD8
> D"" Wrie 7MU0_>CD8
E HH0_> En"(le
J01 DB D"" B*$ Sof%"re $elec"(le 0 or 20(i ,o!e
14 NC 0 No Connece!
NC 0 No Connece!
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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMSig 5)5 in De$cri+ion of >CD "nel
ig 5)5 >CD in Connecion
Inter!acin/ o! 4CD To T"e +icrocontroller:
ig 5)54 Inerf"cing of >CD o he Microconroller
DRK College of Engineering & Technology
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The 2 !"" +in$ of he >CD "re connece! o he 2 +in$ of +or 1) The R$ 7regi$er
$elec8 r9% 7re"!9%rie8 "n! en 7en"(le8 +in$ of he >CD "re connece! o 5)
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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS
+eo+le *$e GSM "cro$$ ,ore h"n 515 co*nrie$ "n! erriorie$) Thi$ *(i.*iy ,e"n$ h"
$*($cri(er$ c"n *$e heir +hone$ hro*gho* he %orl! en"(le! (y inern"ion"l
ro",ing "rr"nge,en$ (e%een ,o(ile ne%or' o+er"or$) GSM !iffer$ fro, i$ +re!ece$$or
echnologie$ in h" (oh $ign"ling "n! $+eech ch"nnel$ "re !igi"l "n! h*$ GSM i$
con$i!ere! " $econ! gener"ion 75G8 ,o(ile +hone $y$e,) Thi$ "l$o f"cili"e$ he %i!e0
$+re"! i,+le,en"ion of !"" co,,*nic"ion "++lic"ion$ ino he $y$e,)
The GSM $"n!"r! h"$ (een "n "!-"n"ge o (oh con$*,er$ %ho ,"y (enefi fro,
he "(iliy o ro", "n! $%ich c"rrier$ %iho* re+l"cing +hone$ "n! "l$o o ne%or'
o+er"or$ %ho c"n choo$e e.*i+,en fro, ,"ny GSM e.*i+,en -en!or$) GSM "l$o
+ioneere! lo%0co$ i,+le,en"ion of he $hor ,e$$"ge $er-ice 7SMS8 "l$o c"lle! e6
,e$$"ging %hich h"$ $ince (een $*++ore! on oher ,o(ile +hone $"n!"r!$ "$ %ell) The
$"n!"r! incl*!e$ " %orl!%i!e e,ergency ele+hone n*,(er fe"*re)
GSM i$ " cell*l"r ne%or' %hich ,e"n$ h" ,o(ile +hone$ connec o i (y
$e"rching for cell$ in he i,,e!i"e -iciniy) There "re fi-e !ifferen cell $ie$ in " GSM
ne%or',"cro ,icro ico "n! fe,o "n! *,(rell" cell$) The co-er"ge "re" of e"ch cell
-"rie$ "ccor!ing o he i,+le,en"ion en-iron,en) M"cro cell$ c"n (e reg"r!e! "$ cell$
%here he B"$e $"ion "nenn" i$ in$"lle! on " ,"$ or " (*il!ing "(o-e "-er"ge roof o+
le-el) Micro cell$ "re cell$ %ho$e "nenn" heigh i$ *n!er "-er"ge roofo+ le-el hey "re
y+ic"lly *$e! in *r("n "re"$) ico cell$ "re $,"ll cell$ %ho$e co-er"ge !i",eer i$ " fe%
!oen ,eer$ hey "re ,"inly *$e! in!oor$) e,o cell$ "re cell$ !e$igne! for *$e in
re$i!eni"l or $,"ll (*$ine$$ en-iron,en$ "n! connec o he $er-ice +ro-i!er#$ ne%or' -i"
" (ro"!("n! inerne connecion) U,(rell" cell$ "re *$e! o co-er $h"!o%e! region$ of
$,"ller cell$ "n! fill in g"+$ in co-er"ge (e%een ho$e cell$)
Cell horion"l r"!i*$ -"rie$ !e+en!ing on "nenn" heigh "nenn" g"in "n!
+ro+"g"ion con!iion$ fro, " co*+le of h*n!re! ,eer$ o $e-er"l en$ of 'ilo,eer$) The
longe$ !i$"nce he GSM $+ecific"ion $*++or$ in +r"cic"l *$e i$ 4 'ilo,eer$ 755 ,i8)
There "re "l$o $e-er"l i,+le,en"ion$ of he conce+ of "n e6en!e! cell %here he cell
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r"!i*$ co*l! (e !o*(le or e-en ,ore !e+en!ing on he "nenn" $y$e, he y+e of err"in
"n! he i,ing "!-"nce)
In!oor co-er"ge i$ "l$o $*++ore! (y GSM "n! ,"y (e "chie-e! (y *$ing "n in!oor
+icocell ("$e $"ion or "n in!oor re+e"er %ih !i$ri(*e! in!oor "nenn"$ fe! hro*gh
+o%er $+lier$ o !eli-er he r"!io $ign"l$ fro, "n "nenn" o*!oor$ o he $e+"r"e in!oor
!i$ri(*e! "nenn" $y$e,) The$e "re y+ic"lly !e+loye! %hen " lo of c"ll c"+"ciy i$ nee!e!
in!oor$ for e6",+le in $ho++ing cener$ or "ir+or$) Ho%e-er hi$ i$ no " +rere.*i$ie
$ince in!oor co-er"ge i$ "l$o +ro-i!e! (y in0(*il!ing +ener"ion of he r"!io $ign"l$ fro,
"ny ne"r(y cell)
The ,o!*l"ion *$e! in GSM i$ G"*$$i"n ,ini,*,0$hif 'eying 7GMSK8 " 'in! of
conin*o*$0+h"$e fre.*ency $hif 'eying) IN GMSK he $ign"l o (e ,o!*l"e! ono hec"rrier i$ fir$ $,oohe! %ih " G"*$$i"n lo%0+"$$ filer +rior o (eing fe! o " fre.*ency
,o!*l"or %hich gre"ly re!*ce$ he inerference o neigh(oring ch"nnel$)
2.%.*.2 G&+ carrier !re=uencie#5 !re=uenc$ band#:
GSM ne%or'$ o+er"e in " n*,(er of !ifferen c"rrier fre.*ency r"nge$ 7$e+"r"e!
ino GSM fre.*ency r"nge$ for 5G "n! UMTS fre.*ency ("n!$ for G8 %ih ,o$ 5G GSM
ne%or'$ o+er"ing in he 3
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ch"nnel$ i$ 5J
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So,ei,e$,o(ile ne%or' o+er"or$re$ric h"n!$e$ h" hey $ell for *$e %ih heir
o%n ne%or') Thi$ i$ c"lle!loc'ing"n! i$ i,+le,ene! (y " $of%"re fe"*re of he +hone)
Bec"*$e he +*rch"$e +rice of he ,o(ile +hone o he con$*,er i$ y+ic"lly $*($i!ie! %ih
re-en*e fro, $*($cri+ion$ o+er"or$ ,*$ reco*+ hi$ in-e$,en (efore " $*($cri(er
er,in"e$ $er-ice) A $*($cri(er ,"y *$*"lly con"c he +ro-i!er o re,o-e he loc' for "
fee *ilie +ri-"e $er-ice$ o re,o-e he loc' or ,"'e *$e of free or fee0("$e! $of%"re "n!
%e( $ie$ o *nloc' he h"n!$e he,$el-e$)
2.%.*.* G&+ &erice# G&+ &ecurit$:
ro, he (eginning he +l"nner$ of GSM %"ne! ISDN co,+"i(iliy in er,$ of he
$er-ice$ offere! "n! he conrol $ign"ling *$e!) Ho%e-er r"!io r"n$,i$$ion li,i"ion$ iner,$ of ("n!%i!h "n! co$ !o no "llo% he $"n!"r! ISDN B0ch"nnel (i r"e of '(+$ o
(e +r"cic"lly "chie-e!) U$ing he ITU0T !efiniion$ eleco,,*nic"ion $er-ice$ c"n (e
!i-i!e! ino (e"rer $er-ice$ ele$er-ice$ "n! $*++le,en"ry $er-ice$) The ,o$ ("$ic
ele$er-ice $*++ore! (y GSM i$ ele+hony) A$ %ih "ll oher co,,*nic"ion$ $+eech i$
!igi"lly enco!e! "n! r"n$,ie! hro*gh he GSM ne%or' "$ " !igi"l $re",) There i$ "l$o
"n e,ergency $er-ice %here he ne"re$ e,ergency0$er-ice +ro-i!er i$ noifie! (y !i"ling
hree !igi$ 7$i,il"r o 3118)
A -"riey of !"" $er-ice$ i$ offere!) GSM *$er$ c"n $en! "n! recei-e !"" " r"e$ *+
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" ,e$$"ge c"n (e $en o "noher $*($cri(er o he $er-ice "n! "n of recei+
"c'no%le!ge,en i$ +ro-i!e! o he $en!er) SMS c"n "l$o (e *$e! in " cell0(ro"!c"$ ,o!e
for $en!ing ,e$$"ge$ $*ch "$ r"ffic *+!"e$ or ne%$ *+!"e$) Me$$"ge$ c"n "l$o (e $ore! in
he SIM c"r! for l"er rerie-"l) S*++le,en"ry $er-ice$ "re +ro-i!e! on o+ of ele $er-ice$
or (e"rer $er-ice$) In he c*rren 7h"$e I8 $+ecific"ion$ hey incl*!e $e-er"l for,$ of c"ll
for%"r! 7$*ch "$ c"ll for%"r!ing %hen he ,o(ile $*($cri(er i$ *nre"ch"(le (y he ne%or'8
"n! c"ll ("rring of o*going or inco,ing c"ll$ for e6",+le %hen ro",ing in "noher co*nry)
M"ny "!!iion"l $*++le,en"ry $er-ice$ %ill (e +ro-i!e! in he $+ecific"ion$ $*ch "$ c"ller
i!enific"ion c"ll %"iing ,*li0+"ry con-er$"ion$)
G&+ Inter!acin/:
Inter!acin/ )it" PC:
The GSM ,o!e, con$i$$ of " SIMCOM
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ig 5)52 GSM Inerf"cing
Adanta/e# U#e# o! G&+:
1) Ro",ing %ih GSM +hone$ i$ " ,"/or "!-"n"ge o-er he co,+eing echnology "$
ro",ing "cro$$ CDMA ne%or'$)
5) Anoher ,"/or re"$on for he gro%h in GSM *$"ge +"ric*l"rly (e%een 1332 o
5
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4) GSM h"$ (een he c""ly$ in he re,en!o*$ $hif in r"ffic -ol*,e fro, fi6e!
ne%or'$ o ,o(ile ne%or'$) Thi$ h"$ re$*le! in he e,ergence of " ,o(ile +"r"!ig,
%here(y he ,o(ile +hone h"$ (eco,e he fir$ choice of +er$on"l +hone)
) Higher !igi"l -oice .*"liy)
J) >o% co$ "lern"i-e$ o ,"'ing c"ll $*ch " e6 ,e$$"ging)
U&E& O G&+:
U$e$ encry+ion o ,"'e +hone c"ll$ ,ore $ec*re
D"" ne%or'ing
Gro*+ III f"c$i,ile $er-ice$
Shor Me$$"ge Ser-ice 7SMS8 for e6 ,e$$"ge$ "n! +"ging
C"ll for%"r!ing
C"ller ID U
C"ll %"iing)
M*li0+"ry conferencing
Afer " fe% *r(*len ye"r$ for he in!*$ry %e highligh $o,e of he 'ey f"cor$ %e -ie%
"$ criic"l for he conin*e! $*cce$$ of GSM) The$e incl*!e
En"(ling con-ergence %ih oher %irele$$ echnologie$
De-elo+ing Mo(ile Cenric A++lic"ion$
E-ol-ing he ,o(ile (*$ine$$ ,o!el
Mo(ile er,in"l enh"nce,en$ "n! -"riey
o$ering in!*$ry +"rner$hi+$ "n! co0o+er"ion$
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Inero+er"(iliy "n! Iner0gener"ion"l ro",ing (e%een -"rio*$ +l"for,$.
G&+ AT Co00and#:
When " ,o!e, i$ connece! o "ny !e-ice 7co,+*er f"6 ec)8 %e nee! AT
co,,"n!$ o !irec he ,o!e, for i$ o+er"ion$) B"$ic"lly %e $en! co,,"n!$ !irecly o
he ,o!e, "fer "ci-"ing Ter,in"l ,o!e) Thi$ ,o!e i$ "l$o c"lle! "$ loc"l ,o!e or !irec
,o!e) A+"r fro, he ("$ic AT co,,"n!$ o $en! he SMS ,e$$"ge i i$ re.*ire! o h"-e
$o,e $+eci"l AT co,,"n!$) The ("$ic reg*l"rly *$e! AT co,,"n!$ "long %ih he SMS
AT co,,"n!$ "re !i$c*$$e! (elo%)
T"e AT Co00and or0at:
In$r*cion$ $en o he ,o!e, "re referre! "$ AT co,,"n!$ (ec"*$e hey "re "l%"y$
+rece!e! (y " +refi6 AT h" "re *$e! o ge he "enion of he ,o!e,
`AT_ `COMMAND_ aArg*,enbanb `ener_
AT 0 "enion co!e
Co,,"n! 0 " co,,"n! con$i$$ of one leer
Arg*,en 0 O+ion"l infor,"ion h" f*rher !efine$ he co,,"n!
n 0 *$e! %hen $eing " regi$er
o* ,"y $ring co,,"n!$ ogeher in one co,,"n! line "$ long "$ he o"l lengh
of co,,"n! !oe$ no e6cee! (ye$ ) The "enion co!e AT i$ only re.*ire! " he
(eginning of he co,,"n! line) A9 === "re he only %o co,,"n!$ %hich "re no +rece!e!(y AT)
U#in/ AT Co00and#
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When i$$*e! o he f"6 ,o!e, AT co,,"n!$ !irec he f"6 ,o!e, o !i"l "n$%er
h"ng *+ "n! o +erfor, ,"ny oher co,,*nic"ion "$'$) So,e of he ,o$ co,,only *$e!
co,,"n!$ "re
AT7Aenion8 Thi$ i$ he co,,"n! line +refi6) 7All he co,,"n!$ li$e! e6ce+ A5"n!
,*$ (e +rece!e! (y he co,,"n! AT8) AAn$%er "n inco,ing c"ll DDi"l he follo%ing
+hone n*,(er ET*rn echo O HH"ng *+ ORe*rn o on0line $"e Re$e he ,o!e, o
he -"l*e$ $ore! in he N)) R", Re*rn o he Co,,"n! S"e A5 Re+e" l"$
co,,"n! 7Do no +rece!e hi$ co,,"n! %ih AT or follo% i %ih `Ener_8)
Re=ue#t rei#ion identi!ication CG+R
De$cri+ion
Thi$ co,,"n! i$ *$e! o ge he re-i$e! $of%"re -er$ion)
Pre!erred +e##a/e &tora/e CP+&
De#cri'tion
Thi$ co,,"n! "llo%$ he ,e$$"ge $or"ge "re" o (e $elece! 7for re"!ing %riing ec8)
Syn"6
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Define! -"l*e$
`,e,1_ Me,ory *$e! o li$ re"! "n! !elee ,e$$"ge$) I c"n (e
J&+K SMS ,e$$"ge $or"ge in SIM 7!ef"*l8
J,+K CBM ,e$$"ge $or"ge 7in -ol"ile ,e,ory8)
J&RK S"*$ Re+or ,e$$"ge $or"ge 7in SIM if he E0SMR file e6i$$ oher%i$e
in he ME non -ol"ile ,e,ory8)
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Noe :SR; ME non -ol"ile ,e,ory i$ cle"re! %hen "noher SIM c"r! i$ in$ere!) I i$ 'e+
e-en "fer " re$e %hile he $",e SIM c"r! i$ *$e!)
`0e02_ Me,ory *$e! o %rie "n! $en! ,e$$"ge$
J&+K SMS ,e$$"ge $or"ge in SIM 7!ef"*l8)
If he co,,"n! i$ correc he follo%ing ,e$$"ge in!ic"ion i$ $en
=CMS `*$e!1_ `o"l1_ `*$e!5_ `o"l5_
When `,e,1_ i$ $elece! "ll follo%ing =CMG> =CMGR "n! =CMGD co,,"n!$ "re
rel"e! o he y+e of SMS $ore! in hi$ ,e,ory)
Pre!erred +e##a/e or0at C+G
De#cri'tion:
The ,e$$"ge for,"$ $*++ore! "re e6 ,o!e "n! DU ,o!e) In DU ,o!e "
co,+lee SMS Me$$"ge incl*!ing "ll he"!er infor,"ion i$ gi-en "$ " (in"ry $ring 7in
he6"!eci,"l for,"8)Therefore only he follo%ing $e of ch"r"cer$ i$ "llo%e!
a
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E6",+le $en!ing "n SMS Me$$"ge in DU ,o!e
Define! -"l*e$
The `+!*_ ,e$$"ge i$ co,+o$e! of he SC "!!re$$ 7d
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`dc#_ 7T T0DCS8 _ `!""_ 7!or &+&&U,+IT onl$8
=CMGR `$"_`fo_`,r_[`r"_\[`or"_\`$c$_`!_`$_ 7for SMS SMS0
STATUS0REORT only8)
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Re$+on$e $yn"6 for DU ,o!e =CMGR `$"_ [`"l+h"_\ `lengh_ `CR_`>_ `+!*_
A ,e$$"ge re"! %ih $"*$ :REC UNREAD; %ill (e *+!"e! in ,e,ory %ih he
$"*$ :REC READ;)
Noe he `$"_ +"r",eer for SMS S"*$ Re+or$ i$ "l%"y$ :READ;)
E6",+le
Ne) 0e##a/e indication CN+I
De$cri+ion
Thi$ co,,"n! $elec$ he +roce!*re for ,e$$"ge rece+ion fro, he ne%or')
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Syn"6
Define! -"l*e$
`0ode_ conrol$ he +roce$$ing of *n$olicie! re$*l co!e$
Onl$ L0odeM2 i# #u''orted.
Any oher -"l*e for `,o!e_ 7
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`0t_ $e$ he re$*l co!e in!ic"ion ro*ing for SMS0DE>IER$) Def"*l i$ IER$ "re ro*e! *$ing *n$olicie! co!e =CMTI :SM;`in!e6_
5 SMS0DE>IER$ 7e6ce+ cl"$$ 5 ,e$$"ge$8 "re ro*e! *$ing *n$olicie! co!e =CMT
[`"l+h"_\ `lengh_ `CR_ `>_ `+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or =CMT `o"_[`"l+h"_\ `$c$_
[ `oo"_ `fo_ `+i!_ `!c$_ `$c"_ `o$c"_ `lengh_\ `CR_`>_`!""_ 7e6 ,o!e8
Cl"$$ SMS0DE>IERS "re ro*e! !irecly *$ing co!e in `,_5
Me$$"ge of oher cl"$$e$ re$*l in in!ic"ion `,_1
`b0_ $e he r*le$ for $oring recei-e! CBM$ 7Cell Bro"!c"$ Me$$"ge8 y+e$ !e+en! on i$
co!ing $che,e he $eing of Selec CBM Ty+e$ 7=CSCB co,,"n!8 "n! `(,_)Def"*l i$
_`+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or
=CBM `$n_`,i!_`!c$_`+"ge_`+"ge$_7Te6 ,o!e8 `CR_`>_ `!""_
Cl"$$ CBM$ "$ `(,_5) Oher cl"$$e$ CBM$ "$ `(,_1)
`d#_ for SMS0STATUS0REORT$) Def"*l i$
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`d#_
_ `+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or =CDS `fo_`,r_ [`r"_\ [`or"_\ `$c$_`!_`$_ 7Te6
,o!e8
5 SMS0STATUS0REORT$ "re $ore! "n! ro*e! *$ing he *n$olicie! re$*l co!e
=CDSI :SR;`in!e6_ `b!r_ Def"*l i$
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Pin Dia/ra0:
ig 5)53 in Di"gr", of B*er
Princi'le o! o'eration:
De+en!ing on ho% " +ieoelecric ,"eri"l i$ c* hree ,"in ,o!e$ of o+er"ion c"n
(e !i$ing*i$he! r"n$-er$e longi*!in"l "n! $he"r)
Tran#er#e e!!ect:
A force i$ "++lie! "long " ne*r"l "6i$ 7y8 "n! he ch"rge$ "re gener"e! "long he 768
!irecion +er+en!ic*l"r o he line of force) The ",o*n of ch"rge !e+en!$ on he
geo,eric"l !i,en$ion$ of he re$+eci-e +ieoelecric ele,en) When !i,en$ion$ " ( c
"++ly
C6 !6yy( 9 "
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Where "# i$ he !i,en$ion in line %ih he ne*r"l "6i$ (# i$ in line %ih he ch"rge
gener"ing "6i$ "n!!# i$ he corre$+on!ing +ieoelecric coefficien)
4on/itudinal e!!ect:
The ",o*n of ch"rge +ro!*ce! i$ $ricly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force "n! i$
in!e+en!en of $ie "n! $h"+e of he +ieoelecric ele,en) U$ing $e-er"l ele,en$ h" "re
,ech"nic"lly in $erie$ "n! elecric"lly in +"r"llel i$ he only %"y o incre"$e he ch"rge
o*+*) The re$*ling ch"rge i$ C6 !666n
Where !66# i$ he +ieoelecric coefficien for " ch"rge in 60!irecion rele"$e! (y
force$ "++lie! "long 60!irecion 7in+C9N8) 6# i$ he "++lie! orce in 60!irecion [N\ "n! n#
corre$+on!$ o he n*,(er of $"c'e! ele,en$)
&"ear e!!ect:
Ag"in he ch"rge$ +ro!*ce! "re $ricly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force$ "n! "re
in!e+en!en of he ele,en#$ $ie "n! $h"+e) or n ele,en$ ,ech"nic"lly in $erie$ "n!
elecric"lly in +"r"llel he ch"rge i$ C6 5!666n)
In conr"$ o he longi*!in"l "n! $he"r effec$ he r"n$-er$e effec o+en$ he
+o$$i(iliy o fine0*ne $en$ii-iy on he force "++lie! "n! he ele,en !i,en$ion)
Electrical 'ro'ertie#:
ig 5)
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!irecly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force +re$$*re or $r"in) The o*+* $ign"l i$ hen rel"e!
o hi$ ,ech"nic"l force "$ if i h"! +"$$e! hro*gh he e.*i-"len circ*i)
A !e"ile! ,o!el incl*!e$ he effec$ of he $en$orZ$ ,ech"nic"l con$r*cion "n!
oher non0i!e"liie$) The in!*c"nce >,i$ !*e o he $ei$,ic ,"$$ "n! ineri"of he $en$or
i$elf) Cei$ in-er$ely +ro+orion"l o he ,ech"nic"l el"$iciyof he $en$or) C
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2.%.; EFternal EEPRO+ 0e0or$ 8
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1)2 7CC 1)2 o 4)48
>o%0o%er De-ice$ 7ISB 5 A " 4)48 A-"il"(le
Inern"lly Org"nie!
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50Bye "ge Wrie Mo!e 7"ri"l "ge Wrie$ Allo%e!8
Self0Ti,e! Wrie Cycle 71< ,$ ,"68
High Reli"(iliy
En!*r"nce 1 Million Wrie Cycle$
D"" Reenion 1
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PIN Dia/ra0:
ig 5)5 in Di"gr", of EEROM
PIN Con!i/uration:
ig 5) in Config*r"ion of EEROM
Pin De#cri'tion:
&ERIA4 C4OC 8&C47:
The SC> in+* i$ *$e! o +o$ii-e e!ge cloc' !"" ino e"ch EEROM !e-ice "n!
neg"i-e e!ge cloc' !"" o* of e"ch !e-ice)
&ERIA4 DATA 8&DA7:
The SDA +in i$ (i!irecion"l for $eri"l !"" r"n$fer) Thi$ +in i$ O+en0!r"in !ri-en
"n! ,"y (e %ire0ORe! %ih "ny n*,(er of oher o+en0!r"in or o+en collecor !e-ice$)
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DEICE5PAGE ADDRE&&E& 8A2 A1 and A37:
The A5 A1 "n! A< +in$ "re !e-ice "!!re$$ in+*$ h" "re h"r! %ire! or lef no
connece! for h"r!%"re co,+"i(iliy %ih AT5C1) When he +in$ "re h"r!%ire! "$ ,"ny
"$ eigh 5K9K !e-ice$ ,"y (e "!!re$$e! on " $ingle (*$ $y$e, 7!e-ice "!!re$$ing i$
!i$c*$$e! in !e"il *n!er he De-ice A!!re$$ing $ecion8) When he +in$ "re no h"r!%ire!
he !ef"*l A5 A1 "n! A< "re ero)
>RITE PROTECT 8>P7:
The %rie +roec in+* %hen ie! o GND "llo%$ nor,"l %rie o+er"ion$) When
W i$ ie! high o CC "ll %rie o+er"ion$ o he *++er .*"!r"n 7291K (i$8 of ,e,ory
"re inhi(ie!) If lef *nconnece! W i$ inern"lly +*lle! !o%n o GND)
Deice O'eration:
C4OC and DATA TRAN&ITION&:
The SDA +in i$ nor,"lly +*lle! high %ih "n e6ern"l !e-ice) D"" on he SDA +in
,"y ch"nge only !*ring SC> lo% i,e +erio!$ 7refer o D"" "li!iy i,ing !i"gr",8) D""
ch"nge$ !*ring SC> high +erio!$ %ill in!ic"e " $"r or $o+ con!iion "$ !efine! (elo%)
&TART CONDITION:
A high0o0lo% r"n$iion of SDA %ih SC> high i$ " $"r con!iion) Which ,*$
+rece!e "ny oher co,,"n! 7refer o S"r "n! So+ Definiion i,ing Di"gr",8)
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&TOP CONDITION:
A lo%0o0high r"n$iion of SDA %ih SC> high i$ " $o+ con!iion) Afer " re"!
$e.*ence he $o+ co,,"n! %ill +l"ce he EEROM in " $"n!(y +o%er ,o!e 7refer o S"r
"n! So+ Definiion i,ing !i"gr",8)
ACNO>4EDGE:
All "!!re$$e$ "n! !"" %or!$ "re $eri"lly r"n$,ie! o "n! fro, he EEROM in 20
(i %or!$) The EEROM $en!$ " ero !*ring he ninh cloc' cycle o "c'no%le!ge h" i h"$
recei-e! e"ch %or!)
&TAND,- +ODE:
The AT5C59 fe"*re$ " lo% +o%er $"n!(y ,o!e %hich i$ en"(le! "8 *+on
+o%er0*+ "n! (8 "fer he recei+ of he STO (i "n! he co,+leion of "ny inern"l
o+er"ion$)
+E+OR- RE&ET:
Afer "n inerr*+ion in +roocol +o%er lo$$ or $y$e, re$e "ny 50Wire +"r c"n (e
re$e (y follo%ing he$e $e+$
7"8 Cloc' *+ o 3 cycle$
7(8 >oo' for SDA high in e"ch cycle %hile SC> i$ high "n! hen
7c8 Cre"e " $"r con!iion "$ SDA i$ high)
2.( &OT>ARE DE&IGN:
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2.(.1Introduction:
Sof%"re !e$ign in-ol-e$ re+re$ening he $of%"re $y$e, f*ncion in " for, h"
,"y (e r"n$for,e! ino one or ,ore e6ec*"(le +rogr",$) The $of%"re !e$ign i$ !i-i!e!
ino follo%ing $*( +roce$$e$)
"8 Archiec*r"l De$ign
(8 *ncion Oriene! De$ign
a7 Arc"itectural De#i/n:
The inii"l !e$ign +roce$$ of i!enifying he $*($y$e,$ "n! e$"(li$hing he fr",e
%or' for $*($y$e,$ conrol "n! co,,*nic"ion i$ c"lle! Archiec*r"l De$ign)
The o*+*$ of "rchiec*r"l !e$ign +roce$$ "re n*,(er of gr"+hic"l re+re$en"ion$ of
he $y$e, ,o!el$ "long %ih "$$oci"e! e6) I !e$cri(e$ ho% he $y$e, i$ $r*c*re! ino
$*($y$e,$ "n! ho% e"ch $*($y$e, i$ $r*c*re! ino ,o!*le$)
A$ " +"r of "rchiec*r"l !e$ign +roce$$ follo%ing "ci-iie$ h"! (een c"rrie! o*)
Sy$e, $r*c*ring
Conrol ,o!el
&$#te0 #tructurin/:
Sy$e, $r*c*ring !e"l$ %ih !eco,+o$ing " $y$e, ino " $e of iner"cing
$*($y$e,$ hi$ co,+ri$e$ of $y$e,$) The Sy$e, $r*c*ring of hi$ +ro/ec i$ "$ follo%$)
ig 5) Sy$e, Sr*c*ring of Sy$e, U$ing GSM
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GSM ,o!e, Microconroller Di$+l"y Uni
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Control +odel
To %or' "$ " $y$e, $*($y$e,$ ,*$ (e conrolle! "$ h" here $er-ice i$ !eli-ere!
o he righ +l"ce " he righ i,e) Conrol ,o!el$ "re concerne! %ih conrol flo% (e%een
$*($y$e,$)
Cenr"lie! conrol ,o!el h"$ (een *$e! o conrol -"rio*$ $*($y$e,$) The ,icro
conroller h"$ (een +rogr",,e! o conrol -"rio*$ noice (o"r! connece! o i) Cenr"lie!
conrol ,o!el i$ e"$y o *n!er$"n! "n! i,+le,en)
b7 unction Oriented De#i/n:
*ncion Oriene! De$ign $r"egy relie$ on !eco,+o$ing he $y$e, ino " $e of
iner"cing f*ncion$ %ih " cenr"lie! $y$e, $"e $h"re! (y he$e f*ncion$) *ncion$ "l$o
,"in"in loc"l $"e infor,"ion (* only for he !*r"ion of heir e6ec*ion) The e6ec*ion
!e"l$ %ih "ll he $"ge$ !e"l$ %ih he inii"li"ion of he GSM co,,"n!$ follo%e! (y he
r"n$ferring he !"" o ,e$$"ge !i$+l"y (o"r!) Thi$ "ci-iy in-ol-e$ !r"%ing "n! "n"lying
!"" flo% !i"gr",$)
2.(.2 Data lo) Dia/ra0#:
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De$cri(e$ ho% he !"" flo%$ hro*gh he $y$e, "n! ho% he o*+* i$ !eri-e! fro,
he in+* hro*gh " $e.*ence of f*ncion"l r"n$for,"ion$) D"" flo% !i"gr",$ $ho%
f*ncion"l r"n$for,"ion$ (* !on# $*gge$ ho% ,igh (e i,+le,ene!)
ig 5)4 D"" lo% Di"gr",
DRK College of Engineering & Technology J
>CDWAITING OR
MESSAGE
MICROCONTRO>>ERREADS THE
MESSAGE
CHECKOR
ASSWORD
A
MESSAGE TODIS>A BOARD
START
CHECK GSMMODU>E
A
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A $y$e, !e$cri(e! in hi$ %"y ,igh (e i,+le,ene! "$ " $ingle +rogr", *$ing
f*ncion$ o i,+le,en e"ch r"n$for,"ion)
ig 5) Me$$"ge Di$+l"y
When he ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e! he ,e$$"ge i$ co+ie! o ,icro conroller) Then he
+"$$%or! in he ,e$$"ge i$ chec'e!) If he +"$$%or! i$ correc hen h" ,e$$"ge i$ !i$+l"ye!
on he noice (o"r!) When he ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e! he ,e$$"ge i$ co+ie! o ,icro
conroller) Then he ,icroconroller chec'$ if he ,e$$"ge i$ in -"li! for,") If no i$ $en!$
"n error ,e$$"ge o o%ner)
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MESSAGE ON
NOTICEBOARD
COMESSAGE
DIS>ACHECK I
A>IDMESSAGE TO
DIS>A
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2.(.% unctional de#cri'tion#:
+ain unction#:
InitialiBation Routine#:
unction Na0e +ode0init
rooy+e -oi! ,o!e,Vini7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he ,o!e,
In+*$
O*+*$ GSM ,o!e, i$ re"!y o (e *$e! in he +ro/ec
unction Na0e Initlcd
rooy+e oi! iniVlc!7-oi!8De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he >CD o !i$+l"y ch"r"cer$ "n! n*,(er$)
In+*$
O*+*$ >CD i$ re"!y for !i$+l"ying
unction Na0e &erialinit
rooy+e oi! $eri"lVini7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he $eri"l co,,*nic"ion) Se he !"" r"n$fer r"e
In+*$
O*+*$ Seri"l co,,*nic"ion i$ "-"il"(le for co,,*nic"ion)
&+& routine#:
unction Na0e Rec#0#no
rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V$,$Vno7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Ge$ he ne% ,e$$"ge in!e6 n*,(er
In+*$
O*+*$ Ne% ,e$$"ge in!e6 n*,(er
DRK College of Engineering & Technology J2
unction Na0e +ainrooy+e -oi! ,"in78
De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ "ll $*( $y$e,$) Chec' he "++lic"ion$ +erio!ic"lly)
In+*$ None
O*+*$ T"'e$ "++ro+ri"e "cion$ ("$e! on he in+*$)
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unction Na0e Read #0#
rooy+e oi! re"!V$,$7*n$igne! ch"r8
De$cri+ion Re"! he ,e$$"ge %ih he n*,(er +"$$e!
In+*$ In!e6 n*,(er of he ,e$$"ge o (e re"!
O*+*$ E6r"c$ +"$$%or! $en!er ,o(ile n*,(er co,,"n! i$$*e! "n!)
Chec'$ +"$$%or! i$ correc or no)
unction Na0e Delete #0#
rooy+e oi! !eleeV$,$7*n$igne! ch"r8
De$cri+ion Delee he ,e$$"ge %ih he in!e6 n*,(er $+ecifie!
In+*$ In!e6 n*,(er of he $,$
O*+*$ Me$$"ge i$ !elee!
unction Na0e Data co0'are
rooy+e oi! !""Vco,+"re7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Chec'$ he co,,"n! in he ne% ,e$$"ge "n! in-o'e$ "++ro+ri"e
f*ncion o "cco,+li$h i
In+*$ Co,,"n! in he $,$
O*+*$ A++ro+ri"e f*ncion i$ in-o'e! o +erfor, he co,,"n!
G&+ routine#:
unction Na0e &end b$te
rooy+e oi! $en!V(ye7*n$igne! ch"r8
De$cri+ion Sen!$ " (ye of !"" fro, ,icro conroller o g$, ,o!e,
In+*$ oiner o he $ring o (e $en
O*+*$
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unction Na0e &end #trin/
rooy+e oi! $en!$ring7*n$igne! ch"r$r8
De$cri+ion Sen!$ " $ring fro, ,icro conroller o g$, ,o!e,
In+*$ oiner o he $ring o (e $en
O*+*$
unction Na0e Receie b$te
rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V(ye7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Recei-e! " (ye of !"" fro, ,o!e,
In+*$
O*+*$ Ch"r"cer recei-e! fro, ,o!e,
+e0or$ routine#:
unction Na0e Read b$te
rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r ,e,re"!7*n$igne! ch"r "!!8
De$cri+ion Bye of !"" i$ re"! fro, $+ecifie! "!!re$$ of he EEROM *$ing
15C co,,*nic"ion +roocolIn+*$ A!!re$$ of he (ye o (e re"!
O*+*$ D"" " he "!!re$$ $+ecifie!)
unction Na0e >rite b$te
rooy+e oi! ,e, %rie7*n$igne! ch"r "!!*n$igne! ch"r !""8
De$cri+ion Wrie of !"" i$ re"! fro, $+ecifie! "!!re$$ of he EEROM
*$ing 15C co,,*nic"ion +roocol
In+*$ A!!re$$ of he (ye o (e re"! "n! D"" o %rie " he "!!re$$$+ecifie!)
O*+*$
unction Na0e Read 0e0or$
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rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r ,e,(ire"!7rite 0e0or$
rooy+e oi! Me,%rie(i7*n$igne! ch"r ch8
De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine$ %rie$ " (ye ino EEROM
In+*$ D"" o (e %rien o EEROM
O*+*$
unction Na0e Receie b$te
rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V(ye7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Recei-e! " (ye of !"" fro, ,o!e,
In+*$
O*+*$ Ch"r"cer recei-e! fro, ,o!e,
unction Na0e &tart bit#
rooy+e oi! Me,S"rBi78
De$cri+ion 15C $"n!"r! $"r con!iion) In!ic"e$ he $"r of he fr",e $en)
In+*$
O*+*$
unction Na0e &to' bit#
rooy+e oi! Me,So+Bi78
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De$cri+ion 15C $"n!"r! $o+ con!iion) In!ic"e$ he en! of he fr",e $en)
In+*$
O*+*$
Dela$ Routine#:
unction Na0e Dela$ %3 0illi #econd#
rooy+e oi! !elV
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De$cri+ion Gener"e$ !el"y of 1 ,ille $econ!)
In+*$
O*+*$
4CD Routine#:
uncion Na0e 4CD Di/it#
rooy+e oi! >c! Digi$7*n$igne! ch"r8
De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ he !igi$ on he fir$ line of he >CD)
In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye! on he fir$ line of he >CD)
O*+*$ Digi i$ !i$+l"ye! on he fir$ line of he >CD)
uncion Na0e 4CD Clear
rooy+e oi! >c! Cle"r7-oi!8
De$cri+ion Cle"r
In+*$ None
O*+*$ None
uncion Na0e 4CD C"aracter
rooy+e oi! >c! Ch"r"cer7*n$igne! ch"r ch8
De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ ch"r"cer on >CD)
In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye!)
O*+*$
uncion Na0e 4CD Data
rooy+e oi! >CD D""7*n$igne! ch"r8
De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ ch"r"cer +"$$e! on he >CD)
In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye! on >CD " +re!efine! A!!re$$)
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O*+*$ Ch"r"cer i$ !i$+l"ye! on >CD)
uncion Na0e 4CD In#truction
rooy+e oi! >CD in$r*cion7*n$igne! ch"r ch8
De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine %rie$ one (ye of !"" ino >CD "$ in$r*cion)
In+*$ In$r*cion o (e $en o >CD)
O*+*$ In$r*cion o $en! o >CD)
uncion Na0e 4CD Data
rooy+e oi! >CD !""7*n$igne! ch"r ch8
De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine %rie$ one (ye of !"" ino >CD "$ !"")
In+*$ D"" o (e $en o >CD)
O*+*$ D"" o $en! o >CD)
ig 5)J *ncion"l De$cri+ion$
CHAPTER %
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CIRCUIT DIAGRA+
CIRCUIT DIAGRA+
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ig )1 Circ*i Di"gr", of ro/ec
%.1 >orin/:
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A$ $oon "$ he circ*i i$ $%iche! on he Tr"n$for,er Recifier "n! he Reg*l"or
circ*i con-er$ he 5CD "n! he >CD !i$+l"y$ i on i$ $creen)
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CHAPTER (
+ICRO I&ION IDE
+ICRO I&ION IDE
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(.1Introduction and I0'le0entation:
>"at# Ne) in Qi#ion%?
i$ion "!!$ ,"ny ne% fe"*re$ o he E!ior li'e Te6 Te,+l"e$ *ic'
*ncion N"-ig"ion "n! Syn"6 Coloring %ih (r"ce high lighing Config*r"ion Wi"r! for
!i"log ("$e! $"r*+ "n! !e(*gger $e*+) i$ion i$ f*lly co,+"i(le o i$ion5 "n! c"n
(e *$e! in +"r"llel %ih i$ion5)
>"at i# Qi#ion%?
i$ion i$ "n IDE 7Inegr"e! De-elo+,en En-iron,en8 h" hel+$ yo* %rie
co,+ile "n! !e(*g e,(e!!e! +rogr",$) I enc"+$*l"e$ he follo%ing co,+onen$
A +ro/ec ,"n"ger)
A ,"'e f"ciliy)
Tool config*r"ion)
E!ior)
A +o%erf*l !e(*gger)
To hel+ yo* ge $"re! $e-er"l e6",+le +rogr",$ 7loc"e! in he C*1EFa0'le#
C2*1EFa0'le# C1@@EFa0'le# "n!AR+...EFa0'le#8 "re +ro-i!e!)
HE44O i$ " $i,+le +rogr", h" +rin$ he $ring FHello Worl!F *$ing he Seri"l
Inerf"ce)
+EA&UREi$ " !"" "c.*i$iion $y$e, for "n"log "n! !igi"l $y$e,$)
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TRAICi$ " r"ffic ligh conroller %ih he RT Tiny o+er"ing $y$e,)
&IEEi$ he SIEE Bench,"r')
DHR-i$ he Dhry$one Bench,"r')
>HET&"re he Single0reci$ion Whe$one Bench,"r')
A!!iion"l e6",+le +rogr",$ no li$e! here "re +ro-i!e! for e"ch !e-ice "rchiec*re)
,UI4DING AN APP4ICATION IN QI&ION
To (*il! 7co,+ile "$$e,(le "n! lin'8 "n "++lic"ion in i$ion5 yo* ,*$
Selec ro/ec 07fore6",+le1@@E6A+P4E&HE44OHE44O.U2 8)
Selec ro/ec 0 Re(*il! "ll "rge file$ or B*il! "rge)
i$ion5 co,+ile$ "$$e,(le$ "n! lin'$ he file$ in +ro/ec)
Creatin/ -our O)n A''lication in Qi#ion2
To create a ne) 'roject in Qi#ion2
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Selec ro/ec 0 Ne% ro/ec)
Selec " !irecory "n! ener he n",e of he +ro/ec file)
Selec ro/ec 0 Selec De-ice "n! $elec "n 2
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i$ion5 i$ " $"n!"r! Win!o%$ "++lic"ion "n! $"re! (y clic'ing on he +rogr",
icon) To cre"e " ne% +ro/ec file $elec fro, he i$ion5 ,en*
Project Ne% ro/ec) Thi$ o+en$ " $"n!"r! Win!o%$ !i"log h" "$'$ yo* for he ne%
+ro/ec file n",e) We $*gge$ h" yo* *$e " $e+"r"e fol!er for e"ch +ro/ec) o* c"n $i,+ly
*$e he icon Cre"e Ne% ol!er in hi$ !i"log o ge " ne% e,+y fol!er) Then $elec hi$
fol!er "n! ener he file n",e for he ne% +ro/ec i)e) ro/ec1) i$ion5 cre"e$ " ne%
+ro/ec file %ih he n",e RO@ECT1)U5 %hich con"in$ " !ef"*l "rge "n! file gro*+
n",e) o* c"n $ee he$e n",e$ in he ro/ec
>indo) ile#:
No% *$e fro, he ,en* ro/ec Selec De-ice for T"rge "n! $elec " CU for yo*r
+ro/ec) The Selec De-ice !i"log (o6 $ho%$ he i$ion5 !e-ice !""("$e) @*$ $elec he
,icroconroller yo* *$e) We "re *$ing for o*r e6",+le$ he hili+$ 2
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file$ %ih e"ch (*il! +roce$$ %hen Cre"e HE file$ *n!er O+ion$ for T"rge O*+* i$
en"(le!) o* ,"y $"r yo*r ROM +rogr",,ing *iliy "fer he ,"'e +roce$$ %hen yo*
$+ecify he +rogr", *n!er he o+ion R*n U$er rogr", P1)
CPU &i0ulation:
i$ion5 $i,*l"e$ *+ o 1 M(ye$ of ,e,ory fro, %hich "re"$ c"n (e ,"++e! for
re"! %rie or co!e e6ec*ion "cce$$) The i$ion5 $i,*l"or r"+$ "n! re+or$ illeg"l
,e,ory "cce$$e$)
In "!!iion o ,e,ory ,"++ing he $i,*l"or "l$o +ro-i!e$ $*++or for he inegr"e!+eri+her"l$ of he -"rio*$ 2
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or e6",+le yo* c"n *$e he fin! co,,"n! or correc +rogr", error$) rogr",
$o*rce e6 of yo*r "++lic"ion i$ $ho%n in he $",e %in!o%$) The i$ion5 !e(*g ,o!e
!iffer$ fro, he e!i ,o!e in he follo%ing "$+ec$
The :De(*g Men* "n! De(*g Co,,"n!$; !e$cri(e! (elo% "re "-"il"(le) The
"!!iion"l !e(*g %in!o%$ "re !i$c*$$e! in he follo%ing)
The +ro/ec $r*c*re or ool +"r",eer$ c"nno (e ,o!ifie!) All (*il! Co,,"n!$ "re
!i$"(le!)
Di#a##e0bl$ >indo):
The Di$"$$e,(ly %in!o% $ho%$ yo*r "rge +rogr", "$ ,i6e! $o*rce "n! "$$e,(ly
+rogr", or /*$ "$$e,(ly co!e) A r"ce hi$ory of +re-io*$ly e6ec*e! in$r*cion$ ,"y (e
!i$+l"ye! %ih De(*g ie% Tr"ce Recor!$) To en"(le he r"ce hi$ory $e De(*g
En"(le9Di$"(le Tr"ce Recor!ing)
If yo* $elec he Di$"$$e,(ly Win!o% "$ he "ci-e %in!o% "ll +rogr", $e+co,,"n!$ %or' on CU in$r*cion le-el r"her h"n +rogr", $o*rce line$) o* c"n $elec "
e6 line "n! $e or ,o!ify co!e (re"'+oin$ *$ing ool("r (*on$ or he cone6 ,en*
co,,"n!$)
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o* ,"y *$e he !i"log De(*g Inline A$$e,(ly o ,o!ify he CU in$r*cion$)
Th" "llo%$ yo* o correc ,i$"'e$ or o ,"'e e,+or"ry ch"nge$ o he "rge +rogr", yo*
"re !e(*gging)
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(.2 &te'# to EFecute &ource Code:
1) Clic' on he Keil *i$ion Icon on De$'o+
5) The follo%ing fig %ill "++e"r
) Clic' on he ro/ec ,en* fro, he ile ("r
) Then Clic' on Ne% ro/ec
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4) S"-e he ro/ec (y y+ing $*i"(le +ro/ec n",e %ih no e6en$ion in * r o%n
fol!er $ie! in eiher C or D
) Then Clic' on $"-e (*on "(o-e)
J) Selec he co,+onen for * r +ro/ec) i)e) A,el
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2) Clic' on he = Sy,(ol (e$i!e of A,el
3) Selec AT23C41 "$ $ho%n (elo%
1
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1) No% !o*(le clic' on he T"rge1 yo* %o*l! ge "noher o+ion :So*rce
gro*+ 1; "$ $ho%n in ne6 +"ge)
14) Clic' on he file o+ion fro, ,en* ("r "n! $elec :ne%;
1) The ne6 $creen %ill (e "$ $ho%n in ne6 +"ge "n! /*$ ,"6i,ie i (y !o*(le
clic'ing on i$ (l*e (o"r!er)
1J) No% $"r %riing +rogr", in eiher in :C; or :ASM;
12) or " +rogr", %rien in A$$e,(ly hen $"-e i %ih e6en$ion :) "$,; "n!
for :C; ("$e! +rogr", $"-e i %ih e6en$ion : )C;
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13) No% righ clic' on So*rce gro*+ 1 "n! clic' on :Add !ile# to Grou' &ource;
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51) No% $elec "$ +er yo*r file e6en$ion gi-en %hile $"-ing he file
55) Clic' only one i,e on o+ion :ADD;
5) No% re$$ f*ncion 'ey J o co,+ile) Any error %ill "++e"r if $o h"++en)
5) If he file con"in$ no error hen +re$$ Conrol=4 $i,*l"neo*$ly)
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54) The ne% %in!o% i$ "$ follo%$
5) Then Clic' :OK;
5J) No% Clic' on he eri+her"l$ fro, ,en* ("r "n! chec' yo*r re.*ire! +or "$
$ho%n in fig (elo%
52) Dr"g he +or " $i!e "n! clic' in he +rogr", file)
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ig)1 Keil Sof%"re Sli!e$
53) No% 'ee+ re$$ing f*ncion 'ey :11; $lo%ly "n! o($er-e)
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-oi! r"n$,in*,78
-oi! (ro"!c"$78
-oi! r"n$,i78
-oi! (ro"!c"$178
-oi! $en!78
-oi! ,$g!el78
-oi! !el"y7in8
-oi! ini78
*n$igne! in
i/$fo*n!(*f(*f1'leer$n*,1n*,5n*,n*,n*,4n*,n*,Jn*,2n*,3n*,n6
165fl"g
*n$igne! ch"r $r[
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%hile718
a
r"n$,i7FAT=CMG>F8
SBUZFZ
%hile7XTI8
TI
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(re"'
b
if7SBUZ3Z8
a
if7fl"g
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b
if7fo*n!X
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-oi! ,$g!el78
a
r"n$,i7FAT=CMGD1F8
SBU%hile7XTI8
TIb
!el"y73
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/==
b
!el"y73
le!
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99Chec'ing or Si, S"*$
r"n$,i7FAT=CINQF8
SBU%hile7XTI8
TIb
!el"y73
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b
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SBUn*,
%hile7XTI8
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%hile7XTI8
TI
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for7/
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,o- IE P2CA>> DE>A
Mo- "P2h 5 line lc! ini"li"ion
>c"ll co,
>c"ll !el"y
,o- "P
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C>R SK
SETB DI
SETB DO
>c"ll %rVen
MAIN1
Mo- "!!VloPO
ADD APOA
INC R1
MO AR1
C@NE AP@M RTMA4@M MAIN1
,"in
SETB 5)R 5)R 5)1
@NB RI
C>R RI
MO ASBU
Mo- lo"!"
INOT
@n( ri
Clr ri
MO ASBU
MO R1A
INC R1
MO AR1
C@NE AP@M T
ROCEED
Mo- "Pc"ll !el"y
,o- "P2 READ
MO ADATAV>O
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>CA>> RATA
>CA>> DE>A
MO AADDV>O
ADD APOA
INC COUNTER
MO ACOUNTER
C@NE AP1c"ll !el"y
MO ACOUNTER
RTT C@NE AP5 DDE>A
>@M MAIN
!!el"y MO RP11ED$ !io!e$ "n! IC $oc'e$) Don# ry $ol!ering "n IC !irecly *nle$$ yo* r*$ yo*r $'ill in
$ol!ering) All co,+onen$ $ho*l! (e $ol!ere! "$ $ho%n in he fig*re) No% connec he
$%ich "n! hen $ol!er9$cre% if on he CB *$ing ,*li+le %"$her$ or $+"ce$) Sol!ering i
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!irecly %ill only re!*ce i$ heigh "(o-e oher co,+onen$ "n! h",+er in i$ e"$y fi6"ion in
he c"(ine) No% connec he ("ery le"!)
A##e0blin/
The circ*i c"n (e enclo$e! in "ny 'in! of c"(ine) Before fiing he CB $*i"(le
hole$ ,*$ (e !rille! in he c"(ine for he $%ich >ED "n! (*er) Noe h" " ro"ry $%ich
c"n (e *$e! in$e"! of " $li!e y+e)
S%ich on he circ*i o (e !e$ire! r"nge) I %ill "*o,"ic"lly $"r i$ i,ing cycle$)
To (e $*re h" i i$ %or'ing +ro+erly %"ch he >ED fl"$h) The co,+onen$ "re $elece! o
rigger he "l"r, " fe% ,in*e$ (efore he $e li,i)
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CHAPTER @
TE&TING
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TE&TING
ig )1 Te$ing roce$$
Sy$e,$ $ho*l! no (e e$e! "$ $ingle ,onolihic $y$e,$) >"rge $y$e,$ "re (*il
o* of $*(0$y$e,$ %hich "re co,+o$e! of +roce!*re "n! f*ncion$) The e$ing +roce$$
$ho*l! herefore +rocee! in $"ge$ %here e$ing i$ c"rrie! o* in con/*ncion %ih $y$e,
i,+le,en"ion) Boo, *+ e$ing $r"egy h"$ (een follo%e! o e$ hi$ +ro/ec)
The ,o$ %i!ely *$e! e$ing +roce$$ con$i$$ of he follo%ing fi-e $"ge$
@.1 TE&TING PROCE&&:
Unit Te#tin/:
In!i-i!*"l co,+onen "re e$e! o en$*re h" hey o+er"e correcly) E"ch
co,+onen i$ e$e! in!e+en!enly %iho* oher $y$e, co,+onen)
+odule Te#tin/:
A ,o!*le i$ " collecion of !e+en!en co,+onen $*ch "$ +roce!*re$ "n! f*ncion$)
A ,o!*le enc"+$*l"e$ rel"e! co,+onen rel"e! co,+onen$ $o c"n (e e$e! %iho* oher
$y$e, ,o!*le$)
DRK College of Engineering & Technology 1
UniTe$ing
Acce+"nceTe$ing
Mo!*leTe$ing
S*(0$y$e,Te$ing
Sy$e,Te$ing
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&ub#$#te0 Te#tin/:
Thi$ +h"$e in-ol-e$ e$ing collecion of ,o!*le$ %hich h"-e (een inegr"e! ino
$*(0$y$e,$) S*(0$y$e,$ ,"y (e in!e+en!enly !e$igne! "n! i,+le,ene!) The $*(0$y$e,
e$ +roce$$ concenr"e$ only on !eecion of inerf"ce error$ (y rigoro*$ly e6erci$ing hi$
inerf"ce)
&$#te0 Te#tin/:
The $*( $y$e,$ "re inegr"e! o ,"'e *+ he enire $y$e,) The e$ing +roce$$ i$
concerne! %ih fin!ing error$ %hich re$*l$ fro, *n"nici+"e! iner"cion (e%een $*(
$y$e, "n! $y$e, co,+onen$)
@.2 TE&T CA&E&:
Acce'tance Te#tin/:
Thi$ i$ he fin"l $"ge of e$ing +roce$$ (efore he $y$e, i$ "cce+e! for o+er"ion"l
*$e) The $y$e, i$ e$e! %ih he !"" $*++lie! fro, he $y$e, +roc*rer r"her h"n
$i,*l"e! !"")
Seri"l
No)
Te$ C"$e De$cri+ion E6+ece! O*+* Ac*"l O*+*
TCID
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TCID
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O,&ERATION& AND INTERPRETATION O RE&U4T&:
;.1 Ob#eration#:
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igJ)1 Re$*l$
;.2 Inter'retation o! Re#ult#:
The re$*l$ of hi$ +ro/ec c"n (e -erifie! -ery e"$ily (y going hro*gh hi$ $ecion)
Re$*l$ "re iner+ree! for e"ch e$ c"$e "n! o($er-"ion$ "re e6+l"ine!)
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When GSM ,o!e, recei-e$ ne% ,e$$"ge$ i $ho*l! (e in!ic"e! o ,icroconroller)
Iner+re"ion
Inii"lly he GSM ,o!e, i$ $e ho% o in!ic"e he ne% ,e$$"ge$ o he
,icroconroller) I i$ +o$$i(le o chec' hi$ (y $en!ing " ,e$$"ge o he $y$e,) The
,icroconroller !i$+l"y$ " ,e$$"ge :SMS Recei-e!; %hene-er " ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e!)
O($er-"ion
The ne% ,e$$"ge in!ic"ion i$ gi-en o he ,icroconroller) An! ,icroconroller
!i$+l"y$ he ,e$$"ge :SMS Recei-e!; on >CD)
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O($er-"ion
Me$$"ge !i$+l"ye! on noice (o"r!)
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+ERIT& DE+ERIT& AND APP4ICATION&
+erit#
I$ o+er"ion i$ $i,+le "n! e"$y
I i$ le$$ e6+en$i-e
I i$ highly efficien
+o%er re.*ire! i$ le$$
De+erit#
A$ here "re "!-"n"ge$ here "re $o,e li,i"ion$ of hi$ +ro/ec)
Thi$ ro/ec i$ " Microconroller ("$e! ro/ec) The ,"in li,i"ion i$ he $ie ofROM "-"il"(le on he chi+ for +rogr",,ing)
Since %e "re *$ing %irele$$ echnology for co,,*nic"ion he efficien o+er"ion of
o*r +ro/ec !e+en!$ on $ign"l of he $er-ice +ro-i!er)
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Anoher ,"/or li,i"ion i$ he conge$ion in he ne%or') D*e o conge$ion in he
ne%or' he ,e$$"ge $en!ing "n! recei-ing %ill (e !el"ye! %hich %ill "ffec he
+erfor,"nce of he $y$e,)
A''lication#:
I i$ ,"inly *$e! in o*r ho,e$)
I i$ "l$o *$e in he college$ "n! $chool$)
I i$ *$e! in "gric*l*re o ONO he ,oor +*,+$
CHAPTER