Remote Mining Operations

8/11/2019 Remote Mining Operations

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CLUSTER RESEARCH

REPORT

No. 2.10

REMOTE MINING OPERATIONS

Economic Impact of Autonomous an

R!mot! O !"ation Minin

$anua"% 201&

P"!pa"! '%(

Michael Chappell and Tessa Jack Pracsys

)o"(

CSIRO Minerals Down Under National Research Flaship


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Re!ote Minin Operations Jan"ary @A5:

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ISCLAIMER

The in$or!ation contained in this report has )een prepared with care )y the a"thors and

incl"des in$or!ation $ro! apparently relia)le secondary data so"rces which the a"thors ha&e

relied on $or co!pleteness and acc"racy* Bowe&er, the a"thors do not "arantee thein$or!ation, nor is it intended to $or! part o$ any contract* 2ccordinly all interested parties

sho"ld !ake their own in3"iries to &eri$y the in$or!ation and it is the responsi)ility o$

interested parties to satis$y the!sel&es in all respects*

This report is only $or the "se o$ the party to who! it is addressed and the a"thors disclai!

any responsi)ility to any third party actin "pon or "sin the whole or part o$ its contents*

Document Control

DocumentVersion

Description Prepared By Approved By Date Approved

v 1.0 Remote MiningOperations

Tessa Jack Michael Chappell 5 April 2012


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Re!ote Minin Operations Jan"ary @A5:

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CONTENTS

E/ECUTIE SUMMAR

1. INTROUCTION 3

2. *AC,GROUN 4

&. ECONOMIC IMPACT MOEL 5

:*5* )asis $or analysis

:*@* data 5A

. ANALSIS 12

;*5* c"rrent sit"ation 5@

;*@* ind"stry str"ct"re 5;

;*:* Scenario description 58

;*;* 2ss"!ptions 59

6. RESULTS 22

*5* direct econo!ic i!pact% e!ploy!ent @@

*@* indirect econo!ic i!pact% pop"lation @@

*:* ind"ced econo!ic i!pact% e-pendit"re E )"siness @:

*;* INd"ced IMP2CT pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices @;

3. CONCLUSIONS 23

8*5* key $indins @8

8*@* i!plications @8

8*:* re3"ire!ent $or $ollow "p work @8

7. RECOMMENATIONS 27

9*5* a chane in work$orce str"ct"re d"e to a"to!ation @9

9*@* contraction.e-pansion o$ local ind"stry E ser&icin capa)ility @9

9*:* i!pact on econo!ic acti&ity d"e to a chane in work$orce str"ct"re @9

9*;* i!pact on de!and $or local pop"lation dri&en ser&ices @9

4. RE)ERENCES 24


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report has )een prepared $or the Centre $or Social Responsi)ility in Minin /CSRM0 at the

Uni&ersity o$ 1"eensland* CSRM has )een in&estiatin the potential i!pacts on reional

co!!"nities o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies in 2"stralian !inin* This

work has )een cond"cted as part o$ the Mineral F"t"res Colla)oration Cl"ster, a research

prora! in&ol&in the Co!!onwealth Scienti$ic and Ind"strial Research Oranisation /CSIRO0

and $i&e 2"stralian "ni&ersities*

2 chane in the work$orce str"ct"re o$ the !inin ind"stry, d"e to a !o&e towards

a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation o$ key $"nctions in the !inin process, !ay not only

i!pact on the n"!)er o$ residential workers' it !ay also a$$ect pop"lation dri&en ser&ices and

the local ind"stry )ase*5Research cond"cted )y CSRM s"ests that A per cent o$ in#pit roles

/$or an open#c"t iron ore !ine0 !ay no loner )e re3"ired with the introd"ction o$ a $"lly

a"tono!o"s tr"ck $leet* This co"ld lead to an o&erall contraction o$ !ine site e!ploy!ent )y

appro-i!ately :; per cent* The s")se3"ent chane in work$orce str"ct"re !ay ha&e a $low# one$$ect on other ind"stries in !inin towns, creatin e!ploy!ent, econo!ic and social i!pacts*

Pracsys atte!pted to pro$ile the e!ploy!ent $i"res and work$orce str"ct"re $or all

operational open#c"t iron ore !ines in the Pil)ara, Gestern 2"stralia* D"e to the di$$ic"lties

$aced with collectin this data, work$orce data $or an e-e!plar !ine site pro&ided )y the

CSRM was applied to each o$ the operatin open#c"t iron ore !ines* The e$$ects o$ ha"l tr"ck

a"to!ation on the c"rrent e!ploy!ent str"ct"re and the con&ersion o$ (o) type $or the

e-istin residential and $ly#in $ly#o"t /FIFO0 work$orce were assessed*

CSRM de&eloped $o"r scenarios to e-plore di$$erent possi)le $"t"res $or the lare#scale "ptake

o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies in 2"stralia !inin* These scenarios were

"sed to pro!ote disc"ssion and in$or! the identi$ication o$ societal i!plications o$

a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies at a ro"ndta)le held in Sydney in No&e!)er

@A55* The scenarios were also "sed to !odel the potential socio#econo!ic i!pacts o$

a"to!ation in this co!ponent o$ the research*

Under all scenarios and options !odelled there is a net chane in direct e!ploy!ent* The

chane in e!ploy!ent in each o$ the scenarios is a co!)ination o$ $irst, second and third

order (o)s lost at each o$ the !ines within a 9 kilo!etre /k!0 radi"s o$ the selected town /as

the dri&in threshold0, d"e to a"to!ation and re!ote operations* I$ a !ine is located $"rther

than 9 k! $ro! the nearest town, the work$orce is ass"!ed to )e 5AA per cent FIFO* The

scenarios that res"lt in a positi&e i!pact on residential e!ploy!ent are Scenario @% S!art

Reions and Scenario ;% Reions 2dapt, with the re!ote operations centre located in town*

Under all scenarios and options !odelled there is a net chane in the town pop"lation and the

n"!)er o$ occ"pied ho"seholds, $ollowin the introd"ction o$ a"tono!o"s ha"l tr"cks* The

res"lts show that there is a positi&e chane in pop"lation and n"!)er o$ occ"pied ho"seholds

when the re!ote operations centre associated with the operation o$ the !ine is located in the

town* The scenarios that ha&e a positi&e i!pact on residential pop"lation are Scenario @%

S!art Reions and Scenario ;% Reions 2dapt* This is e-pected as they are also the scenarios

that res"lt in a positi&e chane in residential e!ploy!ent*

The res"lts show that the reater the chane in e!ploy!ent, the reater the chane in

pop"lation* 2 red"ction or addition o$ one (o) in town does not res"lt in a decrease or

increase in town pop"lation )y one* The !odel has )een constr"cted to represent the

5Pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices are those social ser&ices s"ch as ed"cation, policin and health

that recei&e o&ern!ent $"ndin at le&els correspondin to threshold pop"lation or ho"sehold

n"!)ers*


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ho"sehold str"ct"re o$ two reional towns in the Pil)ara shire o$ 2sh)"rton, HTown 2 and

HTown >* The residential work$orce is !ade "p o$ $a!ilies, ro"p ho"seholds and lone

persons* The chane in residential work$orce res"lts in a chane in pop"lation incl"din entire

$a!ilies as well as ro"p ho"seholds and lone persons*

Under all scenarios and options !odelled there is a net chane in con&enience retaile-pendit"re capt"red in town* The scenarios that ha&e a positi&e i!pact on retail e-pendit"re

capt"red in town are Scenario @% S!art Reions and Scenario ;% Reions 2dapt, with the

re!ote operations centre located in town* The less e-pendit"re leaked $ro! town, the reater

the chance o$ town )"siness s"r&i&al*

2 pop"lation chane d"e to a chane in the work$orce str"ct"re, in partic"lar the residential

work$orce !ay lead to a chane in pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices and $"ndin /in

partic"lar, ser&ices relatin to health and ed"cation0* Metal ore !inin and school ed"cation

are the top two ind"stries o$ e!ploy!ent in )oth Town 2 and Town >* The a"to!ation o$ key

!inin operations !ay ha&e a sini$icant econo!ic and e!ploy!ent e$$ect on the Shire o$

2sh)"rton*Indicati&e data pro&ided )y CSRM s"ests that eiht per cent o$ the total work$orce is

Indieno"s /)ased on Rio Tinto !ine sites0* 2ppro-i!ately A per cent o$ these personnel are

residentially )ased workers li&in in the Pil)ara*


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1. INTRODUCTION

2"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies are )ein trialled and e!ployed to &aryin

derees across 2"stralian !ine sites* These new technoloies will )rin with the! a chane in

the work$orce str"ct"re and !anae!ent practices in 2"stralian !inin that co"ld re#de$ine

the social and econo!ic de&elop!ent opport"nities associated with !inin*

R!s!a"c8 o'9!cti:!

The Centre $or Social Responsi)ility in Minin /CSRM0 co!!issioned Pracsys to in&estiate the

potential socio#econo!ic i!pacts o$ the lare#scale "ptake o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote

operation technoloies in the Pil)ara reion*

P"o9!ct "ationa+!

2"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies co"ld trans$or! the 2"stralian !inin

ind"stry o&er the ne-t 5A#5 years* These technoloies in&ol&e the $"ll or partial re!o&al o$

h"!an operators $ro! co!ponents o$ the !inin process and the sophisticated interation o$syste!s, deli&erin !a(or e$$iciencies in prod"ction as well as $"nda!entally chanin the

!inin process* These technoloies will instiate a chane in the nat"re o$ e!ploy!ent in the

!inin sector and as a res"lt, the way in which !ines interact with the co!!"nities in which

they operate*

The introd"ction o$ these new technoloies, co!)ined with the !o&e to co#locate workers in

centralised re!ote operation centres, is likely to res"lt in the red"ction o$ so!e roles # in

partic"lar on#site operator roles* This has potentially sini$icant i!plications $or se!i#skilled

and "nskilled workers who li&e in reional and re!ote areas and are not eoraphically !o)ile

/partic"larly Indieno"s e!ployees0* It is also likely to pro&ide i!pro&ed e!ploy!ent

opport"nities thro"h the creation o$ new roles re3"irin hiher#order skills, in less re!otelocations and potentially !ore s"ita)le to a wider rane o$ people /e** wo!en and older

workers0*

This pro(ect ai!s to contri)"te to o"r "nderstandin o$ the potential chane in the !inin

work$orce str"ct"re and the related i!plications $or !inin co!!"nities, arisin $ro! the

lare#scale "ptake o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies*

For an introd"ction to these technoloies and their potential societal i!plications, see McNa)

and as3"e?, @A55*

R!s!a"c8 cont!;t

This is part o$ a )roader pro(ect in&estiatin the societal i!plications o$ a"tono!o"s andre!ote operation technoloies in 2"stralian !inin )ein "ndertaken as part o$ the

Technoloy F"t"res pro(ect within the Mineral F"t"res Colla)oration Cl"ster*@

Scop! of "!s!a"c8

This report "ses open#c"t iron ore !inin in the Pil)ara as a case st"dy $or assessin the

potential i!pacts o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies on the !inin work$orce

str"ct"re and the associated socio#econo!ic i!pacts on !inin co!!"nities*

The Technoloy F"t"res pro(ect $oc"ses on s"r$ace !inin o$ )"lk co!!odities s"ch as iron

ore )eca"se, this $or! o$ !inin acco"nts $or the !a(ority o$ people e!ployed in !inin now

and into the $"t"re /)ased on c"rrent pro(ections0* It also represents the reatest potential $or

@http%..www*csiro*a".en.Oranisation#Str"ct"re.Flaships.Minerals#Down#Under#Flaship.!ineral#

$"t"res.!ineral#$"t"res#colla)oration#cl"ster*asp-*


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the "ptake o$ a"tono!o"s and re!ote operations technoloies in the $"t"re /McNa) and

arcia#as3"e?, @A550*

There are a n"!)er o$ co!ponents o$ the !inin process that co"ld )e a"to!ated, potentially

chanin the work$orce str"ct"re o$ an open#c"t iron ore !ine* Operations that !ay )e

s")(ect to a"to!ation incl"de ha"l tr"cks, rail /train dri&ers and loadin0, drillin and )lastin*CSRM identi$ied ha"l tr"cks as )ein the !ost likely $"nction to )e $"lly a"to!ated* This report

is there$ore )ased on !odellin the work$orce i!pacts o$ replace!ent technoloy $or ha"l

tr"cks and the a$$ects this chane in work$orce str"ct"re co"ld ha&e on !inin co!!"nities*

R!s!a"c8 outputs

This report de!onstrates so!e aspects o$ the social and econo!ic i!pacts that a"to!ation

and re!ote operation technoloies co"ld ha&e on two !inin towns in the Pil)ara reion,

KTown 2+ and KTown >+*

In con("nction with this report, Pracsys has )"ilt a predicti&e !odel that allows the "ser to

assess the work$orce and pop"lation e$$ects o$ a"to!ation and re!ote operation on KTown 2+

and KTown >+*

R!po"t St"uctu"!

The report is str"ct"red as $ollows%

L S!ction 1( Int"ouction

L S!ction 2( *ac


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0

L The potential $or partic"lar (o)s to )e a"to!ated

L The le&el o$ a"to!ation /non#a"to!ated, partially a"to!ated or $"lly a"to!ated0

L The a$$ect that a $irst order (o) /the (o) that can )e a"to!ated0 will ha&e on the second

and third order (o)s

L Ghether the worker is e!ployed on a lon distance co!!"tin /FIFO0 )asis or li&es

per!anently in a near)y co!!"nity /residential0

L The location o$ the re!ote operations centre /on site, in the town selected or in Perth0*

2 series o$ scenarios were de&eloped to depict the di$$erent le&els o$ direct chane in

e!ploy!ent d"e to a"to!ation* These scenarios were !odelled to capt"re the potential

indirect and ind"ced econo!ic and e!ploy!ent i!pacts that res"lt $ro! s"ch technoloical

chanes*

The chane in e!ploy!ent d"e to a"to!ation has a localisation and "r)anisation e$$ect* The

localisation e$$ect !ay i!pact "pon the e!ploy!ent retained in local ind"stry* Direct inp"ts to

!ine operations s"ch as tr"ck !anae!ent and !aintenance contracts !ay )e replaced with

specialised FIFO !aintenance tea!s* The location o$ the re!ote operations centre will alsoa$$ect local ind"stry in ter!s o$ the n"!)er o$ residents e!ployed and the type and 3"ality o$

e!ploy!ent*

The "r)anisation e$$ect will lead to an alteration in "nderlyin pop"lation ho"sehold str"ct"re*

The introd"ction o$ a"to!ation will res"lt in a chane o$ residential work$orce and pro)a)ly a

$"rther shi$t away $ro! n"clear $a!ilies*

=ocalisation e$$ects arise $ro! the co#location o$ $ir!s and )"sinesses in the sa!e type o$

ind"stry* The )ene$its $or localisation econo!ies incl"de la)o"r poolin, the de&elop!ent o$

ind"stries d"e to the increasin ret"rns to scale in inter!ediate inp"ts $or a prod"ct and the

relati&e ease o$ co!!"nication and e-chane o$ s"pplies, la)o"r and inno&ati&e ideas*

Ur)anisation e$$ects arise $ro! indi&id"al and corporate e$$orts to red"ce e-pense in

co!!"tin and transportation, while i!pro&in opport"nities $or (o)s, ed"cation, ho"sin,

and transportation* Ur)anisation per!its indi&id"als and $a!ilies to take ad&antae o$ the

opport"nities o$ pro-i!ity, di&ersity, and !arketplace co!petition*

The local "r)anisation and localisation e$$ects !ay ha&e sini$icant social and econo!ic

i!pacts on a town*

2 contraction in the !inin residential work$orce !ay res"lt in a contraction o$ town

pop"lation and a red"ced n"!)er o$ occ"pied dwellins* Fewer ho"seholds in town will lead

to a contraction in town econo!ic acti&ity and e-pendit"re capt"red )y local )"sinesses* 2n

increase in the !inin residential work$orce !ay res"lt in an increase o$ town pop"lation andan increased n"!)er o$ occ"pied dwellins* 2 reater n"!)er o$ ho"seholds in town !ay lead

to an increase in town econo!ic acti&ity and e-pendit"re capt"red )y local )"sinesses*


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Town 2 and Town > were pro$iled, o"tlinin the c"rrent n"!)er o$ ho"seholds, pop"lation

and ho"sehold e-pendit"re* Fa!ily, ro"p and lone person ho"sehold ratios were applied to

the town pop"lation and the pop"lation e!ployed in !inin*

D"e to the nat"re o$ the s")(ect !atter, it was di$$ic"lt to o)tain all data re3"ired to cond"ct aconcl"si&e analysis* In the a)sence o$ data, )ench!arkin, &aria)les and ass"!ptions were

"sed* The $ollowin data was opti!ised $or the constr"ction o$ the !odel%

2>S Cens"s Data, @AA8

2>S Bo"sehold -pendit"re S"r&ey, @A5A

2>S Cens"s Ta)le >"ilder

2"tono!o"s and Re!ote Operations Technoloies in 2"stralia, CSRM

This data and research ena)led Pracsys to )"ild a workin analytical !odel that represents the

e$$ects o$ a"to!ation*


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4. ANALYSIS

The conte-t that s"rro"nds the !inin ind"stry and the pro$ile o$ Town 2 and Town > is

o"tlined in this section and esta)lishes the $o"ndation $or a co!prehensi&e analysis*

4.1. CURRENT SITUATION

The c"rrent town pro$ile $or Town 2 and Town > ha&e the $ollowin characteristics and

pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices*

Ta'+! 1( To>n A c8a"act!"istics

Pop"lation @,9@5

Fa!ily Bo"seholds 8@

ro"p Bo"seholds @

=one Person Bo"seholds 5:82&erae Bo"sehold Si?e @*

Median Bo"sehold Inco!e @,A9

=a)o"r Force 5,;9:

=a)o"r Force Participation Rate ;

Indieno"s Pop"lation *S Cens"s Data, @AA8

The Indieno"s work$orce in Town 2 is @*9 per cent*

Ta'+! 2( To>n A top fi:! inust"i!s of !mp+o%m!nt

Inust"% of Emp+o%m!nt P!"c!nta#! of Tota+ -o""ildin, Cleanin and ardenin ser&ices :; /@*:0

Sou"c!( 2>S Cens"s Data, @AA8

Ta'+! &( To>n A popu+ation "i:!n communit% s!":ic!s&

S!":ic! ?uantit%

Pri!ary Schools @

Secondary Schools 5

Police 9

Doctors :

Sou"c!( Pracsys )ench!arkin, @A5@ /Depart!ent o$ d"cation and Trainin0

:This ta)le shows the le&el o$ these social ser&ices in Town 2*


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5:

Ta'+! ( To>n * c8a"act!"istics

Pop"lation 5,8A9

Fa!ily Bo"seholds :85

ro"p Bo"seholds 55

=one Person Bo"seholds :

2&erae Bo"sehold Si?e @*

Median Bo"sehold Inco!e @,:;;

=a)o"r Force is @*A per cent*

Ta'+! 6( To>n * top fi:! inust"i!s of !mp+o%m!nt

Inust"% of Emp+o%m!nt P!"c!nta#! of Tota+ -o"


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5;

Ta)le 9*


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5

Ta'+! 7( As8'u"ton !mp+o%m!nt s!+f=suffici!nc% @ESS an !mp+o%m!nt s!+f=containm!nt

@ESC

Inust"% of Emp+o%m!nt ESS ESC

Total 5; ee$ Cattle and rain Far!in * The a"to!ation o$ key !inin operations !ay ha&e sini$icant econo!ic

and e!ploy!ent e$$ect on the Shire o$ 2sh)"rton*

2 chane in residential work$orce !ay ha&e direct and indirect social and econo!ic i!pacts on

the local co!!"nity*

4.2. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

2s e-plained earlier in this report, the econo!ic i!pact $ro! a chane in !inin ind"stry

e!ploy!ent depends on the e-tent o$ localisation o$ !inin ind"stry inp"ts* I$ !ost inp"ts are

Ki!ported+ $ro! other reions, then any red"ction o$ !inin ind"stry (o)s $ro! a"to!ationand re!ote operations !ay )e $elt !ostly o"tside the local co!!"nity* Con&ersely, i$ !ost

inp"ts are enerated locally, any red"ction o$ !inin ind"stry (o)s $ro! a"to!ation and

re!ote operations !ay )e $elt !ore keenly within the local co!!"nity*


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Metal ore !inin is the hihest e!ployin ind"stry in )oth Town 2 and Town >* The network

o$ !etal ore !inin operations plays a lare role in the local ind"stry* Fi"re @ is a

representation o$ inp"ts re3"ired to s"stain the !inin ind"stry*

)i#u"! 2( N!t>o"< map fo" minin# inust"%

Sou"c!% Pracsys, @A5@

CSRM pro&ided Pracsys with an e-a!ple o$ la)o"r $orce )reak down $or an open#c"t iron ore

!ine* This e!ploy!ent pro$ile /as shown in Fi"re :0 has )een applied to each o$ the

operatin open#c"t iron ore !ines located in the Pil)ara* The a"to!ation o$ ha"l tr"cks !ay

lead to a chane in the c"rrent e!ploy!ent str"ct"re, leadin to a potential

contraction.e-pansion o$ the residential work$orce*


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)i#u"! &( An !;!mp+a" op!n=cut! i"on o"! min!

Sou"c!% Pracsys, @A5@

4.3. SCENARIO DESCRIPTIONThe Pil)ara towns o$ Town 2 and Town > ha&e )een analysed in each o$ the scenarios

descri)ed )elow, which were de&eloped at a ro"ndta)le e&ent held in Sydney on No&e!)er @;

@A55*

The le&el o$ a"to!ation /A per cent or 5AA per cent0 was chosen ar)itrarily $or the p"rpose o$

sensiti&ity analysis*

The !odel co!pares the e!ploy!ent e$$ects on !inin towns )ased on%

L The le&el o$ a"to!ation

L The location o$ the re!ote operations centre

4.3.1. Scenario 1: Brave New Mine

2"tono!o"s !inin is widespread* 2"tono!o"s !inin operations are world standard with

re!ote operations centres and !inin (o)s concentrated in capital cities and there are li!ited

se!i#skilled on#site roles*

Under Scenario 5, 5AA per cent o$ h"!an operated ha"l tr"cks are replaced with a"tono!o"s

ha"l tr"cks* The (o) o$ the tr"ck dri&er is replaced with dri&erless tr"cks and re!ote operators*

The replace!ent (o) is re!o&ed $ro! the site to a re!ote operations centre located in Perth*


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5o"


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@5

Ta'+! 10( Automation c8an#! in !mp+o%m!nt B 9o' "!p+ac!m!nt "atios

Mine site First OrderEmployment

Second OrderEmployment

Third OrderEmployment

Non-automated 1 1 1

Automated 0.25* 1 1

Sou"c!% >ella!y and Pra&ica, @A5A /re!ainder Pracsys ass"!ptions0

The $ollowin points e-plain these ass"!ptions in !ore detail%

L 2 ratio o$ ; dri&ers lost to 5 re!ote operator ained is adopted $or $irst order (o)s

L One residential worker is ass"!ed to occ"py one residential ho"sehold

L 2 ratio o$ 5%5 is adopted $or second and third order (o)s lost and ained

L The n"!)er o$ (o)s ained is only rele&ant i$ the re!ote operations centre is located inthe town or on site* It is ass"!ed that the i!pact $or a town is the n"!)er o$ (o)s lost

with no ain i$ the re!ote operation centre is located in Perth /or other !a(or cities

o"tside the !inin reions0*ariation in the le&el o$ a"to!ation $or the p"rpose o$ this report is solely $oc"sed on the

a"to!ation o$ ha"l tr"cks* The ter! non#a"to!ated !eans that none o$ the !ines ha&e taken

"p a"tono!o"s ha"l tr"cks, se!i#a"to!ated i!plies A per cent "ptake o$ a"tono!o"s ha"l

tr"cks and $"lly a"to!ated re$ers to a 5AA per cent "ptake o$ a"tono!o"s ha"l tr"cks, at a

partic"lar !ine site*

4.4.2. FIFO/residential split assumptions

The ass"!ptions "nderpinnin the FIFO.residential split o$ personnel at a non=automat!

min! sit!are o"tlined in Ta)le 55*

Ta'+! 11( )I)O"!si!ntia+ sp+it fo" non=automat! min! sit!s

-o"


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@@

Ta)le 5@*


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@:

Ta'+! 12( )I)O"!si!ntia+ sp+it fo" automat! min! sit!s

-o"nare o"tlined in Ta)le 5:*

Ta'+! 1&( R!mot! op!"ation c!nt"! +ocat! in to>n

Min! 76n Ratio

FIFO :A

Residential 9A

So"rce% Pracsys ass"!ptions

It is ass"!ed that there is a lower FIFO.residential split i$ the re!ote operations centre in

located in town*

4.4.3. Social and economic assumptions

2ll !ine sites within the 9k! o$ Town 2 and Town > /dependin on which town is selected in

the !odel0 are areated to show the total i!pact o$ e!ploy!ent d"e to a"to!ation*

The ass"!ptions "nderpinnin the ho"sehold co!position o$ Town 2 and Town > are o"tlined

in Ta)le 5; and


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@

Ta'+! 16( A:!"a#! 8ous!8o+ si!

Average Household Size

Town A Town B

Family 3.36 3.42Group 2.00 2.00

LonePersons

1.09 1.00

Sou"c!( 2>S Cens"s Data, @AA8

The ass"!ptions "nderpinnin the town e-pendit"re and the con&enience retail leakae rate

are o"tlined in Ta)le 58 and Ta)le 59*

Ta'+! 13( R!si!ntia+ !;p!nitu"! assumptionsD To>n A an To>n *

Inco!e 1"intile2 ;

2&erae weekly ho"sehold spend # con&enience retail > @S Cens"s Data @AA8, Pracsys )ench!arkin @A5@

Ta'+! 17( )I)O !;p!nitu"! assumptions

2&erae weekly spend.FIFO worker @;

Con&enience -pendit"re =eakae Rate /select

ite!s02,>

9A

Sou"c!( 2>S Cens"s Data @AA8, Pracsys )ench!arkin @A5@2

Con&enience retail re$ers to e-pendit"re on essentials $ro! o"tlets s"ch as s"per!arkets,

$ood stores, newsaents and con&enience stores*>

=eakae re$ers to inco!e spent o"t o$ the local econo!y /ie leaked $ro! the local econo!y0*

The ass"!ptions "nderpinnin pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices are o"tlined in Ta)le 5


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@8

5. RESULTS

5.1. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT: EMPLOYMENT

The direct econo!ic i!pact that !ay occ"r as a res"lt o$ a"to!atin a !inin operation is thenet chane in !inin e!ploy!ent* The predicti&e !odel "sed to assess this i!pact was

constr"cted with a $oc"s on the residential work$orce and the town pop"lation* The direct

e!ploy!ent e$$ect d"e to a"to!ation is there$ore centred on the Town 2 and Town >

residential work$orce* Fo"r scenarios were !odelled to depict the chane in e!ploy!ent o$

the residential work$orce*

Under Scenario @% S!art Reions town, and Scenario ;% Reions 2dapt town, there is a

positi&e net chane in residential e!ploy!ent* Under the re!ainin scenarios, where the

re!ote operations centre has )een re!o&ed $ro! the town, there is a neati&e net chane in

residential e!ploy!ent* The chane in e!ploy!ent d"e to a"to!ation and in each o$ the

scenarios is a co!)ination o$ $irst, second and third order (o)s lost at each o$ the !ines within

a 9k! radi"s o$ the selected town*

The scenario that has the !ost sini$icant positi&e i!pact on residential e!ploy!ent is

Scenario @% S!art Reions, with the re!ote operations centre located in town* The scenario

that has the !ost sini$icant neati&e i!pact on residential e!ploy!ent is Scenario 5% >ra&e

new !ine*

Ta'+! 15( N!t c8an#! in !mp+o%m!nt

Sc!na"io 1(

*"a:! n!>

min! B

P!"t8

Sc!na"io

2( Sma"t

R!#ions =

To>n

Sc!na"io 2(

Sma"t

R!#ions =

Sit!

Sc!na"io &(

U"'an

"ift B

P!"t8

Sc!na"io (

R!#ions Aapt

= To>n

Sc!na"io (

R!#ions Aapt =

Sit!

To>n A #@@8 55 #595 #55: 9 #n * #5:8 5n A #8n * #;A; ;8 #:A #@A@ @9: #5@L!:!+ of

Automation5AA 5AA 5AA A A A

Sou"c!( Pracsys analysis, @A55


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@

Ta'+! 2( To>n * popu+ation "i:!n s!":ic!s !man

Cu""!nt

Supp+%

*"a:!

N!>

Min!

Sma"t

R!#ions

@To>n

Sma"t

R!#ions

@sit!

U"'an

"ift

R!#ions

Aapt

@To>n

R!#ions

Aapt

@Sit!

P"ima"%

Sc8oo+s

5 5 5 5 5 5 5

S!cona"%

Sc8oo+s

A A A A A A A

Po+ic! @ 5 : @ @ @ @

octo"s 5 5 @ 5 5 @ 5

Sou"c!( Pracsys analysis, @A55

The c"rrent s"pply o$ pop"lation dri&en co!!"nity ser&ices !ay )e a$$ected )y the

a"to!ation o$ key !inin operations* School ed"cation is the second larest ind"stry o$

e!ploy!ent in )oth Town 2 and Town >* The introd"ction o$ a"to!ation !ay not only

constrict or e-pand the !inin work$orce, it !ay also i!pact "pon the e!ploy!ent pro$ile o$

school ed"cation and other pop"lation dri&en ser&ices*

Under Scenario @% S!art Reions town, and Scenario ;% Reions 2dapt town, there is a

positi&e net chane in the de!and $or pop"lation dri&en ser&ices* Under the re!ainin

scenarios, where the re!ote operations centre has )een re!o&ed $ro! the town, there is a

neati&e net chane in the de!and $or pop"lation dri&en ser&ices*

The clos"re o$ schools and a red"ced de!and $or doctors and police o$$icers !ay res"lt in a

$"rther contraction o$ residential e!ploy!ent and ha&e econo!ic and social i!pacts on the

co!!"nity* The openin o$ new schools and an increased de!and $or doctors and police

o$$icers !ay res"lt in a $"rther e-pansion o$ residential e!ploy!ent and ha&e positi&eecono!ic and social i!pacts on the co!!"nity*


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8. REFERENCES

>ella!y, D and Pra&ica, = @A5A, K2ssessin the i!pact o$ dri&erless ha"l tr"cks in 2"stralian

s"r$ace !inin+, (esources )olicy, /doi5A*5A58.(*reso"rpol*@A5A*A*AA@0

McNa), 4*=* and arcia#as3"e?, M* @A55* 2"tono!o"s and re!ote operation technoloies in

2"stralian !inin* Prepared $or CSIRO Minerals Down Under Flaship, Minerals F"t"res Cl"ster

Colla)oration, )y the Centre $or Social Responsi)ility in Minin, S"staina)le Minerals Instit"te,

The Uni&ersity o$ 1"eensland* >ris)ane*

Pil)ara Ind"stryQs Co!!"nity Co"ncil, Plannin $or Reso"rces rowth in the Pil)ara%

!ploy!ent and Pop"lation Pro(ections to @A@A, B"ris Partners, 2""st @AA

Documents

Remote Mining Operations