Remember…

• PONCHoS! Or CHNOPS

• P = Phosphorous C = Carbon

• O = Oxygen H = Hydrogen

• N = Nitrogen N = Nitrogen

• C = Carbon O = Oxygen

• H = Hydrogen P = Phosphorus

• S = Sulfur S = Sulfur

Organic Molecules

• Molecules that contain carbon and other members of Ponchos

• Synthesize and sustain life

HI, MY NAME IS TROY McCLURE. I’M NOT A NUTRITIONIST BUT I PLAY ONE ON TV. YOU MIGHT REMEMBERME FROM SUCH INFOMERCIALS AS “EAT LARD, SIT ON YOUR BUTT AND LOSE WEIGHT!!”AND “THE McBANE JUICE DIET!” NOW SIT DOWN WITH SOME SNACKS AND A SODA AS WE LEARN ABOUT NUTRITION!

* Key source of energy!* Found in grains, fruits and veggies* Made of simple sugars called monosaccharides.

Table sugar = disaccharide = two linked monosaccharides

Polysaccharide = many sugarslinked in a chain. Examples: starch (plants) and glycogen (animals)

Animals digest polysaccharides intomonosaccharides to use for quick energy

Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in some vegetables (like corn) which humans can’t digest.

That’s why if you don’t chew up our corn well enough, if goes right through your body.Wood is almost completely cellulose.

10. Cows and termites have bacteria in their stomachs that digest cellulose intomonosaccharidesfor them.

Bacteria in our intestines can break down some carbohydratesinto (unfortunately) .

Cows actually burp quite a bit from these bacteria.

Store Energy!Examples: waxes, oils, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and fats.Usually found in fried foods, meats and junk food.1. Made of fatty acids2. Store twice as much energy as carbohydrates or proteins.

Fat molecule = 3 linked fatty acids. Fatty acids are just long carbon chains with hydrogen atoms attached.

Fatty acids are known as either saturated fats (all carbon to carbon single bonds) or unsaturated fats (one or more C to C double bonds).

8. Saturated fats tend to be animal Fats and unhealthy because they are unreactive. They are solids at room temperature. Examples are lard and grease

9. Most plant oils and some fish oils are made of unsaturated fatty acids.They are generally liquid at room temperature

Proteins 1. They do almost everything!2. Made of amino acids. 3. Found in meats, eggs, nuts, beans4. Humans need twenty different amino acids

Valine

Phenylalanine

METHIONINE

3. Proteins can fold up into billions of different shapes depending on their amino acid sequence.

4. The shape of the protein determines its function.

Structural – proteins that form structures (like hair,or tendons). Most plants are low in protein content.

All proteins are either structural or enzymes

-Organic substances needed in trace amounts that enhance the activity of enzymes.

•Fat-soluble – can be stored in the body, too much can be toxic

•Water-soluble – need daily doses because they are excreted with urine

Inorganic substances needed in trace amounts. They:

a) maintain proper enzyme function

b) allow nerves and muscles to function

c)

d) maintain water balance

make body structures (like bone)

2 to 3 servings per day of milk, yogurt or cheese

2 to 3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs or nuts

3 to 5 servings of vegetables

2 to 4 servings of fruit

6 to 11 servings of bread, cereal, rice and pasta

limited use of oils, fats and sweets.

Meat/Bean•Human digest food protein into amino acidsused to make humanprotein•Can also be used forenergy

Carbs-Main sourceof energy andfiber.

Not all lipids are bad, in fact we could not live without many.- mainly we make this for energy storage

Excessproteins, fats and carbohydrates are turned into human fat molecules.

This is a chart for adults

•Daily intake of calories should be around ~2000 - 2500 (teen girls 2200 / teen guys 2800).•No more than 1/3 of calories should be from fat.•No more than 1/3 fat grams should be from saturated fats.

Does thishave a safe % ofits caloriescoming fromfat?

Does thishave a safe% of its fatgrams comingfrom saturatedfats?

a) Find a diet you will stick with. Regardless of what you eat, if you eat less calories than you “burn”, your body will go to your fat reserves for energy.

don’t starve because your body will think there’s a famine and will slow its metabolism. Make sureto eat breakfast to start your metabolism .

b)

You should have 30 min of continuous cardiovascularexercise (a brisk walk) per day. Like starvation,lack of exercise slows your metabolism down.