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Relative analysis

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Simulation

Train Speed Relative Airflow

Train configuration

Track grade and curvature

Factors always affecting train

speed

Legend:Factors inside a

tunnel

Locomotive Performance

(inside and outide)

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2

Relative analysis

Subway Environment Simulation (SES)

SES 2000– One Dimensional Analysis– Aerodynamic and thermodynamic– Freight rail projects

Moffat Mount Shaughnessy Mount Macdonald/Rogers Pass Mullan Stampede Pass

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Relative analysis

3

Global Tunnel

Local Middle Consist

Internal Loco Model

Diesel Engine

Radiator

Emissions

Models

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4

Model inputs Tunnel geometry Friction factor Calibration

Relative analysis

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Relative analysis

Locomotive data– Field test data (Other projects)– CFD Simulations (Computational

fluid dynamics)– Past experience

Locomotive input– Heat release– Emission rates– Derating

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Relative analysis Input constant speed

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CONSTANTTrain Speed Relative Airflow

Train configuration

Track grade and curvature

Factors always affecting train

speed

Legend:Factors inside a

tunnel

Locomotive Performance

(inside and outide)

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Input constant speed Relative airflow to locomotives

Quantity Quality

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Relative analysisSimulation – Inputs and outputs

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ResultsLead Loco, Relative Airflow airflow

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Worst-case grain 19 kph (12 mph)

Double stack 24 kph (15 mph)

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ResultsLead Loco, Relative Airflow airflow

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Worst-case grain 19 kph (12 mph)

Double stack 24 kph (15 mph)

Double stack 28 kph (17.5 mph)

Double stack 32 kph (20 mph)

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ResultsMid loco consist, relative airflow

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Worst-case grain 19 kph (12 mph)

Double stack 24 kph (15 mph)

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ResultsMid loco consist, relative airflow

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Worst-case grain 19 kph (12 mph)

Double stack 24 kph (15 mph)

Double stack 28 kph (17.5 mph)

Double stack 32 kph (20 mph)

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Naturally ventilated tunnels Train performance in tunnel

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Train Speed Relative Airflow

Train configuration

Track grade and curvature

Factors always affecting train

speed

Legend:Factors inside a

tunnel

Locomotive Performance

(inside and outide)

Presentation Engineer

Results

13

Factor Affects Influenced byVent Analysis

Worse-case grain

Double stack

Double stack

Double stack, Portal Door

1. Speed Input 12 15 17.5 15 mphTime in tunnel Output 640 515 440 515 SecondsMomentum - - Better Better Better RelativeRelative airflow Output Worse Better Better Relative

Locomotive performance -

2. Lead consist performance in tunnel Worse Bett er Better Relative

SpeedRelative airflow quantity* Output 46 42 49 124 m^3/sRelative airflow quality Output - Same Same Same RelativeNumber of locomotives Input - Same Same Same Relative

3. Locomotive performance of consists outside tunnel Better Bett er Better RelativeSpeed -

Train configuration No effect - Better Better Better RelativeConsist configuration No effect - Same Same Same Relative

4. Mid-train consist performance in tunnel Mid Rear Rear Rear LocationSpeed

Relative airflow quantity* Output 46 42 49 42# m^3/sRelative airflow quality Output - Better Better Better RelativeNumber of locomotives Input - Same Same Same Relative

* Lowest simulated value # Probably higher in reality because of increased train speed

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Results

Double stack at 15 mph– Relative airflow less– 3D effects unknown– All other factors better

Double stack at 17.5 mph– All factors better

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Agenda What is a long tunnel? Naturally ventilated tunnels Notched tunnel Relative analysis Results Conclusions

– A Tunnel: Monitor speeds less than 24 kph (17.5 mph)

– Limits in naturally ventilated tunnel

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Questions? What is a long tunnel? Naturally ventilated tunnels Notched tunnel Relative analysis Results Conclusions

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Justin Edenbaum Justin@presentationengineer.com