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Relationships:Relationships:
Population Population StudiesStudies
In 1999, 600 million children in the world lived in poverty – 50 million more than in 1990
United Nations
Do you know?According to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion (6,500,000,000) on February 25, 2006. It is estimated that by 2012, the Earth will be home to 7 billion. The United Nations Population Fund designated October 12, 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion, in 1987.
In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population will likely surpass 9 billion in 2050. The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and substantial increase in agricultural productivity, particularly in the period 1960 to 1995 made by the Green Revolution. (Source: Wikipedia)
World Population at 2008
6.7 billion
Now?
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Top 10 countries with largest population (millions) – 2008
1. China 1330.02. India 1148.03. U.S 303.84. Indonesia 237.55. Brazil 191.96. Pakistan 167.87. Bangladesh 153.58. Nigeria 146.39. Russia 140.710. Japan 127.3
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Birth Rate and Death Rate (per day)
• In one day all over the world, an estimated 369,755 people are born and 150,835 die.
• 218,920 people are added to the global population daily
• http://www.worldometers.info/
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Rural Urban Migration
• Urban populations continue to expand, adding pressure to resources and the environment
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Top 10 most densely populated countries and territories (humans/sq km)1. Monaco 168182. Macau 163413. Singapore 66524. Hong Kong 64275. Gibraltar 43086. Vatican City 18737. Malta 12778. Maldives 12649. Bermuda 124810. Bahrain 1080
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Why study Why study Population?Population?
How land is usedHow land is used
The amount of pressure on natural The amount of pressure on natural resourcesresources
PLANNING – how govt formulate PLANNING – how govt formulate policiespolicies
How people interact with one How people interact with one anotheranother
Terminologies
TerminologiesTerminologiesBirth rate (BR)Birth rate (BR)
Number of live births Number of live births per 1000 peopleper 1000 people in the in the population population per yearper year
XX per thousand per thousand
What are the reasons for low and high BR?What are the reasons for low and high BR?
Death rate (DR)Death rate (DR)
Number of deaths Number of deaths per 1000 peopleper 1000 people in the in the population population per yearper year
YY per thousand per thousand
What are the reasons for high and low DR? What are the reasons for high and low DR?
TerminologiesTerminologies Infant Mortality (IM)Infant Mortality (IM)
Number of infants who die before Number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1000 reaching one year of age per 1000 live births per year live births per year
Natural increase (NI)/rate of natural Natural increase (NI)/rate of natural increaseincrease
• NI = BR – DR (per thousand)NI = BR – DR (per thousand)
• NI is +ve means …NI is +ve means …
• NI is –ve means …NI is –ve means …
TerminologiesTerminologies Replacement levelReplacement level
• It is the level of fertility at which a given It is the level of fertility at which a given population is replacing itselfpopulation is replacing itself
Life expectancy (LE)Life expectancy (LE)
• No of years a person is expected to live from No of years a person is expected to live from time to timetime to time
Dependency RatioDependency Ratio
o the ratio of the number of economically non-the ratio of the number of economically non-active to the number of economically active active to the number of economically active people in the countrypeople in the country
o 1 : 2 means …1 : 5 means …Implications …?1 : 2 means …1 : 5 means …Implications …?
How long are you expected to live?
Total Population Total Population ChangeChange
TOTAL POPULATION CHANGE
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Immigration
Emigration Population Growth Population Growth = natural = natural
increase + net migrationincrease + net migration
Population Explosion
World’s World’s Population TrendPopulation Trend
Regional Population Trend
Population Population ExplosionExplosion
Until about 200 years ago, population growth was slow.
Since then, there had been an enormous increase (previous graph).
Population Explosion: sudden and great increase in world’s population.
Rate of increase has become exponential.
Check out the world population clock at http://www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop
Pair share
Suggest reasons for high birth rates
CausesHigh BR - Parents want children
for labour especially in agricultural societies
to look after them in old age
to continue the family name
for added status in the community
to replace children who have died (high infant mortality rate)
Pair share
Suggest reasons for low death rates
Causes
Low DR
clean water is available
access to food supply
improve hygiene and sanitation
better vaccinations and healthcare
rising standards of living