The Interaction

Between Biotic

Component in Relation

to Feeding

Symbiosis in Plants and Animals

• Symbiosis means “living together”.

• A relationship between two or more

different species interacting with

each other.

SYMBIOSIS

Commensalism

Parasitism

Mutualism

Commensalism• Epiphytes are small

green plants found growing on other plants for space only.

• It do not obtain nutrients but its can make its own food by photosynthesis.

• Has specialized roots to anchor itself firmly.

• E.g- pigeon orchids

- ferns

- mosses

Epiphytes

Adaptations of pigeon orchid.• It has swollen stem at

its base (false bulb).

• It roots:-

– Has special roots (aerial roots) to absorb moisture from the surrounding.

– Coated with a spongy layer (velamen) : prevents root tissues from drying out.

• Sunken stoma : reduce the lost of water due to evaporation .

oPigeon orchid

Epizoics

• Epizoics (remora fish) attach themselves to the bodies of these hosts (the shark) for free transport, and feed on leftovers from their hosts’ meals.

• Is an animal commensal attached to another animal (its host).

• examples: Vorticella

(epizoic) and daphnia (host).

Cyclop (host) and vorticella (epizoic).

Barnacles (epizoic) and crab (host).

Mutualism• Is an interaction between 2 species in which

both organisms benefit.

• Both organisms depend on each other to survive.

o Lichen – combination of a green algae and a fungus

o Green algae- carry out photosynthesis and supplies food and oxygen to fungus.

o Fungus- gives shelter, water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous compounds to green algae.

Example of interaction :

Lichen…

Parasitism• Is a relationship between two organisms in

which one organism (parasite) and the other (the host) is harmed.

o Fleas on the surface of a host’s body…

o A tapeworm which is live in a human body…

Endoparasites• Parasites that live in another

organisms (host).

• Examples are:

- roundworms

- tapeworms

- flukes

• The host usually loses nutrients to the parasites.

• Adaptations:

– they have specific protection cuticles and produce mucus and anti-enzymes secretion.

–Less nervous system and sense organs.

Ectoparasites• Parasites that live on another

organisms. (host).

• Example are:

:(on animals/human)

- ticks

- lice

- fleas

:(on plants)

- mealy bugs

- aphids (plant lice).

• Adaptations:

–They have sharp mouths for sucking, biting and hooking.

• A type of interaction where living organisms feed on dead organic matter for food.

• Examples are: mushroom, mucor, bracket fungus, sporangia.

Saprophytism

o Bracket fungus

o Mucor sp. o Saprophytic mushroom

• Interaction between two organisms which one will hunt and kill the other for food.

Prey-predator

prey

predator

* The prey-predator relationship helps to control the population of different animals in an ecosystem.

Dynamic equilibriumPrey

increases

Predator increases

Prey decreases

Predator decreases

THANK YOU

FOR LENDING

YOUR EAR…