REINVENTING THE AGMUT AND DANICS CADRE- A CIVIL SERVICE FOR INDIAN UNION TERRITORIES

RE-INVENTING THE AGMUT

AND DANICS CADRES

2010

CIVIL SERVICES FOR THE INDIAN UNION

TERRITORIES BY: R. P. Meena BE (MECHANICAL), GDMM,

MDM (AIM-MANILA)

RE-INVENTING THE AGMUT AND DANICS CADRES

CIVIL SERVCIE FOR THE INDIAN UNION TERRITORIES | P a g e 2

THE CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 4

2. THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORIES ................................................... 4

3. THE STATE AND ITS ADMINISTRATION ............................................. 5

3.1. State Administration ............................................................................. 6

3.2. District Administration ............................................................................ 6

3.3. Regional Level Administration .............................................................. 7

3.4. Recommendations of second Administrative Reform Commission: ...... 7

4. THE UNION TERRITORIES .................................................................. 7

5. THE ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP OF AGMUT –CONSTITUENTS........ 9

5.1 Arunachal Pradesh .............................................................................. 10

5.2. Goa ...................................................................................................... 10

5.3. Mizoram ............................................................................................... 11

5.4. The National Capital Territory of Delhi................................................. 11

5.5. Chandigarh .......................................................................................... 12

5.6. Puducherry .......................................................................................... 12

5.7. Andaman and Nicobar Islands ............................................................ 12

5.8 Lakshadweep ...................................................................................... 13

5.9. Daman and Diu ................................................................................... 13

5.10.Dadra & Nagar Haveli .......................................................................... 13

6. THE SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND ITS STATES .................. 13

6.1. The Constitutional Provisions ............................................................... 15

6.2. The Central Civil Services and The All India Services ......................... 16

6.4. The State Civil Services ...................................................................... 18

6.5. The IAS Recruitment and Cadre Rules...............................................19

7. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UT CIVIL SERVICES .............................. 24

7.1 The DANICS Cadre Rules ................................................................... 26

7.2. The Cadre Strength of DANICS .......................................................... 26

8. A COMPARISION OF THE AGMUT vs OTHER STATE CADRES ... 27

8.1. The Cadre Strength of IAS .................................................................. 28

8.2. The Status of IAS in The Largest and Tiniest UT vs a State .............. 29

9. SUGGESTIONS TO REFORM THE AGMUT CADRE ........................ 30

10. CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 33



ABREVIATIONS

AGMUT- Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram and Union Territories

Cadre

AGM- Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram

AIS- All India Service

CSE- Civil Service Examination

CSS- Central Secretariat service

DANICS- The National Capital Territory of Delhi, Andaman and

Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu and Dadra

and Nagar Haveli Civil Service

DASS- Delhi Administrative Subordinate Service

GOI- Government of India

GP- Grade Pay

HAG- Higher Administrative Grade

ICS- Indian Civil Service

IFAS- Indian Frontier Administrative service

IAS- Indian Administrative Service

IPS- Indian Police Service

IFS- Indian Forest Service

JAG- Junior Administrative Grade

MHA- Ministry of Home Affairs

NEFA- North-East Frontier Agency

PCS- Pondichery Civil Service

PB- Pay Band

Rs – Indian Rupees

SPSC- State Public Service Commission

UT- Union Territory

UPSC- Union Public Service Commission

©All Rights Reserved with the Author



1. INTRODUCTION

The emphasis of this paper to study logical facts related to the rules framed

by the Central Government in respect of the All India Services particularly the IAS

from 1951 to 2010 for the Union Territories. The papers also intend to trace the

origin and formation of the Local/Provincial Civil Services and the Central Civil

Services for administration of the Union Territories. I am infusing my ideas to

reframe rules as intended by the Constitution makers for the good governance of

the centrally administered territories and placement of the IAS officers in AGMUT

constituents on the principle of equality to tap their talent at par with the other

state cadres. The paper is purely an academic work for those who are interested

to analyse the rules to improve career progression of the civil servant in the Union

Territories.

The AGMUT is a joint cadre of the All India Service (AIS) for Arunachal

Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram (AGM) and Union Territories (UTs). There are three AIS

namely IAS, IPS and IFS. There are also two Central civil services namely “The

Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar, Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu and

Lakshadweep Civil Service” Popularly known by Acronym ‘DANICS’ for the UTs

mentioned in the name itself, and the Puduchery Civil Service for the Union

Territory, Puduchery. Similarly, the police services also exist for these UTs. The

IAS/IPS, the DANICS/DANIPS, the Puduchery civil and police services officers

are recruited through a common ‘Civil Service Examination’ by the Union Public

Service Commission (UPSC). The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of

India is the Cadre management authority for these services. So let us take the IAS

and the DANICS to understand the scope to reorganise AGMUT Cadre in

accordance with the constitutional provisions to make it relevant to the AGM

States and the UT administrations to provide effective delivery mechanism for the

people’s welfare and to improve leadership in the development management at

par with the other state administration.

Therefore, it would be appropriate to understand the constitutional

provisions, Acts and the rules related to public services of the Union and States. It

is also important to know difference between the states and the UTs from the

constitutional provisions for reinventing the cadre management of these services.

The Constitution of India defines and delineates the boundaries of the Union and

its Territories i.e. States and UTs which is discussed hereunder.

2. *THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

The first article of the Constitution of India defines Union and its territories

i.e States and Union Territories. These are dealt in different chapters of the

* The Constitution of India (As modified up to the 1st December, 2007) Government of India Ministry of Law and Justice.



constitution. Article -1 of the constitution categorise three types of Territories

which is given below;

“(1) India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

(2) The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First

Schedule.

(3) The territory of India shall comprise—(a) the territories of the States;

2[(b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and]

(c) Such other territories as may be acquired.”

†In 1950, when the Constitution was adopted, the country consisted of four

types of Provinces/Territories: Part A, B, C and D. The Part A and B states were

headed by the Governors and Rajpramukh respectively. The Part C and D were

administered directly by the President of India. Part-D territories were without the

legislature, but only such territory in the beginning was the Andaman and Nicobar

Islands.

The Government also appointed a States Reorganization Commission in

1953. On the recommendations of this Commission, the Indian Union was divided

into 14 States (consisting of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Jammu &

Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Mysore, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan,

Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) and 6 Union Territories (consisting of Andaman

and Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Laccadive Minicoy and Amindivi

Islands, Manipur and Tripura). The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956,

omitted the words and letters “specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule

and clause 30 of Article 366 was inserted to define Union Territories mentioned

in the First Schedule in place of the words Part-C and Part-D states.

During the course of the next 15 years, and later in 1986-87 some more

restructuring took place. Presently, India has 28 states and 7 Union Territories as

specified in the First Schedule.

3. THE STATE AND ITS ADMINISTRATION

Article 366(15) of the constitution define state in following words: “Indian

State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India

recognised as such a State;

Part VI to XI of The Constitution of deals with the states which are replica of

the Union and provide similar to the Union separate legislative, executive

functions for each state being the federal unit of the Union. The State consists of

Governor, Legislature of one or two houses. The state has jurisdiction on the

subject mentioned in State List-II of the First Schedule of the Constitution which

ensures federal structure of the India. The Union Government does not interfere in

† Chapter-4 of 15th Report of 2

nd Administrative Report-page-94.



the matter of state subjects and any legislation/law relating to the state subjects

cannot be enacted by the Union without consultation of the states. The Governor

of state is a nominee of the Union Government as link between the Centre and

State. ‘State Public Service’ is a state subject at serial no.40 of the State List-II.

The15th Report of 2nd Administrative Reform Commission highlight the

common structure in the state administration may be seen for understanding the

responsibilities and functions at the district and regional level of officers in the

state. The Administrative System at apex level of the state is similar to the Union

Government.

3.1. ‡State Administration

The Constitution of India gives a special role and responsibility to the State

Governments for preserving the public order and ensuring the welfare of citizens.

The Seventh Schedule which clearly demarcates the legislative and functional

domain of the Union and the States, highlights the critical role envisaged for State

Governments in fulfilling the aspirations set out in the Directive Principles of State

Policy.

3.2. §District Administration

Historically the district, in some form or the other has been the most

important unit of administration in the Indian sub-continent. The East India

Company treated the District as the focal point of its revenue administration within

British India. In 1786 the districts were reorganised into regular fiscal units each

under a Collector.

The British Parliament was the first legislature in respect of India in modern

times and enactments created and gave substance to the district head of

administration, known as the Collector (in respect of revenue administration), the

District Magistrate (in respect of administration of criminal justice) or the Deputy

Commissioner (in respect of General Administration and special functions /

powers under local tenancy laws.

Until the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution, the governance

structure of India was two-tiered comprising the Union Government and the State

Governments. With the constitutionally mandated establishment of Panchayati Raj

Institutions and Municipal bodies, it has become necessary to re-examine and re-

define the role of the district administration. It is imperative that the devolution of

decision making to local levels should face no impediments. It is equally

imperative that the unique administrative experience, expertise and credibility of

the office of the District Collector built up over a period of two hundred years is

properly utilized.

‡. Chapter-2 of 15th Report of 2

nd Administrative Report..

§ .Chapter-3 of 15th Report of 2

nd Administrative Report-page-59.



3.3. ** Regional Level Administration

Towards the beginning of the 19th century, it was felt by the East India

Company that keeping an eye on districts spread over far flung areas was

becoming difficult and there was need to create an intermediate level of

functionaries who could effectively supervise and control functioning of 4-5

districts. The Company did not want this intermediate functionary to have direct

powers / responsibilities for the departments which were assigned to the

Collectors, yet, he was expected to be powerful enough to have supervisory

control over them. Thus, the institution of the Divisional Commissioner was born in

1829.

Gradually, the Division became an important hub of the British

Administration around which almost all major departments of the government

positioned their senior level officers, intermediate in rank between the official at

the district level and the Agency Head located at the State headquarters.

Theoretically, these positions serve two purposes:-

(a) A regional officer supervises the functioning of departmental officers

posted in the districts (usually 4-5 in a division) and then he sends a consolidated

report for this entire area to the State Government.

3.4. Recommendations of second Administrative Reform

Commission:

a) In view of the emergence of District as the key unit of field administration

as the third tier of government - and with advancement in physical and electronic

connectivity between the State Headquarters and the Districts, there is no need to

have an intermediate level of administration between the two units of government.

b) In order to take care of cadre management issues arising out of this

step, suitable posts should be identified by respective departments, in the major

districts and at the Headquarters to be manned by senior officers who are

presently eligible to head the regional offices.

4. THE UNION TERRITORIES

It is seen above that immediately after 1950, four category of states find

place in the First Schedule of the Constitution including the directly administered

states Part –C and D which were specified separately as Union Territories (UTs)

in 1956.

The Constitution under article 366(30) defines the Union Territory (UT) in

following words;

** Paragraph -2.4.3on page 42 of 15th Report of 2

nd Administrative Reform Commission



††(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First

Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India

but not specified in that Schedule.]

The Union consist of the President, Parliament, and Council of Minister

which has the exclusive right on Union list-1 in addition to concurrent list-III. The

subjects of State List-II in respect of the UTs are vested with the Union and

administered directly by the central government. These UTs carved out for the

purpose of regulation and good governance because of the historical and

strategic geo-graphic importance for the nation. Some of the UTs in terms of area

and population are smaller than a district of a state. The constitutions of India

provide separate provisions for the administration of UTs and states.

The Union Territories are part of the Union, administered directly by the

President under Article 239 of Chapter VIII of the Constitution of India. These

provisions are enough to understand the distinction between the States and the

Union Territories. Moreover, all the Acts/Statutes and Rules under the constitution

accordingly make separate provisions to distinguish the UTs from the states. The

Union Government make laws for the UTs. For example, the Puduchery and Delhi

are governed as per the ‘Transaction of Business Rule-1963’ under section-46 of

Union Territory act-1963 and the Transaction of Business Rule-1993 under

section-44 of The National Capital Territory Act-1993 respectively. Moreover, the

President is authorised under Article 240 of the Constitution to regulate the

administration of UTs, which provides that;

(1) The President may make regulations for the peace, progress and

good government of the Union territory of—

4.1. ‡‡Re-organisation of the Union Territories

In1971, Himachal Pradesh which was a Union Territory got the Statehood.

In April 1970, a separate Autonomous State of Meghalaya was created within

Assam. The process of reorganization continued in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972,

as a result of the North-Eastern Areas Reorganization Act, 1971 which came into

force in January 1972, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura emerged as three

separate States in the northeast. Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram were made

Union Territories.

In 1972, the Union Territories were seven in number: Andaman and

Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Laccadive Minicoy and Amindivi Islands (in 1973 they were

renamed as Lakshadweep), Goa, Daman and Diu, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh

and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli was in Portuguese occupation until

its liberation by the people in 1954. From 1954 to 1961 the Territory functioned

†† 1Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch., for cl. (30)

‡‡ 15th

Report of 2nd

Administrative Reform Commission page-94-95



almost independently by what was known as “Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Administration”. The territory was merged with the Indian Union in 1961.

In 1986, the Constitution 53rd Amendment Act inserted a new article 371G

conferring full statehood on Mizoram. The North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA)

which was renamed as Arunachal Pradesh and made a Union Territory in 1972

also got a full statehood in December 1986.

The territory comprising of Goa, Daman and Diu was since 1510 under the

Portuguese continuously for about 450 years (except for a brief period during the

later half of the 17th century when Shivaji conquered a few areas in and around

Goa). On liberation from the Portuguese in 1961, it was made a composite Union

Territory along with Daman and Diu. This continued for 26 years. In 1987, Goa

was declared as the 25th State of the Indian Union by an Act of Parliament and

Daman and Diu was made a separate Union Territory.

Puducherry were parts of the French settlement in India for 138 years since

1816. This territory merged with the Indian Union in 1954 and since then have

been a Union Territory. Currently, it is governed by a Lt. Governor with the support

of a Council of Ministers.

Before Independence, Delhi was one of the six Chief Commissioner’s

provinces (others provinces were British Baluchistan, Ajmer Mewar, Coorg,

Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Panth Piploda). In 1950, when the Constitution

came into existence, it was made a Part C State. On reorganization of States in

1956, Delhi became a Union Territory under the direct control of the President

through the Chief Commissioner. In 1966, under the Government of Union

Territories Act 1966 an Executive Council was created for the Capital. This

arrangement continued till the Government of National Capital Territory Act-1991

under this a Legislature with limited power came into existence.

Punjab was divided into two new States viz. Punjab and Haryana (1966).

Their joint capital Chandigarh was declared a Union Territory under an

Administrator, which post is held ex-officio by the Governor of Punjab.

Brief details relating to the administration of Union Territories and states of

the AGMUT cadre are given herein.

5. THE ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP OF AGMUT –CONSTITUENTS

In the year 1971-72, there were 7 UTs and north eastern region was

reorganised forming new states and UTs. This process of consolidation of states

and UTs also reshaped the public service of these units of administration. The

AIS( Recruitment/Cadre) Rule-1954 were also amended in tune with these

changes due to the re-organisation of UTs and States. However, in view of

emerging smaller states the joint cadre were formed although the UTs continued

to be treated as state under these rules in spite of the separate constitutional

provisions. It is also pertinent to mention that the NEFA region was considered for

the separate civil service due its special circumstances and the strategic



importance. The separate civil service called “India Frontier Administration

Service” (IFAS) was established in 1957 for this region but it was vanished on the

advent of rules of Joint Cadre for the group of states under the IAS(cadre)

Rule,1972.

The UT Cadre was organised as separate cadre under the Joint Cadre

Rules-1972 which was transformed into the AGMUT cadre when 3 states formed

from the UTs, namely Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram in 1986-87. So,

presently ‘AGMUT’ consists of 3 states and 7 UTs. having total 45 districts out of

which 21 districts are in the UTs. The districts like Lakshadweep, Diu, Nicobar and

the districts of Puduchery are even smaller than the Taluka/subdivision of the

other states in terms of the area and population. The Delhi is a uni-district for the

judicial purpose but divided into 9 revenue districts. The districts in Delhi have the

limited functions because it is governed under the different acts of Parliament.

Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram were also had the uni- district administration

before attaining the statehood, which are presently having 16 and 8districts

respectively. Like other states these newly formed AGMUT constituent states,

recruits officers of ‘State Civil Service’ through their respective State Public

Service Commission from aspirants of the local population of concerned state i.e.

Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram.

A glance at the existing structure of the administration in the AGMUT

constituents provides basis for the comparison between a State and UT

administrations of the AGMUT constituents vis a vis the other state

administrations.

5.1. Arunachal Pradesh

In 1986 a separate Act (the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act 1986) was

enacted and the State of Arunachal Pradesh came into existence in the year

1987. It is situated in the North-Eastern part of India with 83743 sq. kms area.

Arunachal is the largest state area-wise in the north-east region, even larger than

Assam.

As per census, 2001, population of state is 1,091,117 and 54.74 percent

literacy. The state has 60 Member of Legislative Assembly, and 2 Loksabha and

one Rajyasabha Member of Parliament represents the state at the Union. It has

16 districts, 36 Sub-divisions and 57 blocks. State civil service is the backbone of

administration who hold post up to the level of District Magistrate who are also

subsequently promoted to the IAS.

5.2. Goa

Goa was part of Union territory of Goa, Daman & Diu till 30 May 1987

when emerged as separate state.

Goa covers an area of 3702 square kilometers and comprises two

Revenue district viz North Goa and South Goa with headquarters at Panaji and



Margao respectively. The entire State comprises 11 talukas. As per 2001 census,

the population of the State is 13,42,998.

5.3. Mizoram

At the commencement of the Constitution, Mizoram was a District in

Assam. The District was separated from Assam and raised first to the status of a

Union Territory in 1972 and then to full Statehood in 1987. The State has three

autonomous district councils catering to three non Mizo minority tribes- Mara, Lai

and Chakma. Presently there are 8 districts and 26 blocks in Mizoram. As per

census 2001, total population of Mizoram is 4,59,783. Total area of state is 21,087

square kilometres. It has a legislature with 40 members, one each Loksabha and

Rajyasabha Member of Parliament represent the state at the Union. Literacy is

88.49 percent which is second highest in the country.

5.4. The National Capital Territory of Delhi

Due to its strategic location, Delhi has been a seat of power of several

empires in its long history. The evolution of administration in Delhi has been

conditioned by the fact that Delhi remains the seat of both the Union Government

and the local government. Delhi became the seat of the Union Government in a

federal polity. At the time of Independence, Delhi was a Chief Commissioner’s

province and when the Constitution became effective, it became a part C State

with its own Legislative Assembly. It became a Union Territory in 1956 and was

governed by an Administrator appointed by the President under Article 239 of the

Constitution designated as Chief Commissioner now changed to Lt. Governor. A

year later, two landmark legislations, the DMC and the DDA Acts were enacted to

plan and promote the growth and development of the city. Later “The Government

of National Capital Territory Act, 1991” was passed and Delhi got a legislative

assembly and a Council of Ministers. The subjects of Public Order, Police, NDMC,

DDA and Land Resource Management (Entries 1, 2 and 18 of the State list) were

however kept outside the purview of the Assembly and the Chief Minister. The Lt.

Governor exercises exclusive powers over these matters.

The Delhi has seven Members of Parliament and 9 Revenue/police districts

but it continued as single district for the purpose of judiciary.

The National Capital Territory of Delhi is spread over an area of 1,484 km2.

There are three local bodies (statutory towns) namely, Municipal Corporation of

Delhi (area is 1,397.3 km2), New Delhi Municipal Committee (42.7 km2) and Delhi

Cantonment Board (43 km2). It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by

population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population



5.5. Chandigarh

The Punjab Reorganization Act of 1966 provided, inter-alia, that all laws

applicable in Punjab on 1.1.1996 would also continue to apply to the Union

Territory. The UT is administered by the Union Government through an

Administrator appointed under Article 239 of the Constitution. Since 1984 the

Administrator has been the Governor of Punjab. Apart from the four posts of

Advisor to the Administrator, Inspector General of Police, Conservator of Forests

and Chairman of the Housing Board manned by AGMUT officers, all other posts

are filled up either by deputation of officers from the Governments of Punjab and

Haryana in the ratio of 60:40, or by direct recruitment by Chandigarh

Administration.

It covers an area of approximately 114 km². it has population 900,635

as per census-2001 and its density of population is of 7,900 /km2 . It has a uni-

district administration and represented by one Member of Parliament in Loksabha.

5.6. Puducherry

The Union Territory of Puducherry is administered under the provisions of

the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. At present, the Puducherry has 30

elected members Legislative Assembly with a Chief Minister and Council of

Ministers. The legislature has the powers to legislate in respect of the subjects

under the State and Concurrent lists of Schedule 7 of the Constitution.

However, being a Union Territory, the administration is directly controlled

and supervised by the Union Government through the Lt. Governor

(Administrator) appointed for this purpose particularly with regard to the

administrative and financial matters. In order to discharge the legislative and

administrative functions, the Rules of Business of the Government of Puducherry

was framed in 1963 under the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963.

The Union Territory of Puducherry is 479 Sq.Kms. in area and has a

population of 9,74,345 according to the 2001 census. The density of population of

the Union Territory is 2034 persons/Sq.Km. The Territory has four districts and

ninety eight village panchayats.

5.7. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprises of a group of

572 islands, islets and rocks lying in the south-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal. It

has a total geographical area of 8249 sq. kms. and 38 of its islands are inhabited.

There are three districts, namely North and Middle Andamans, South Andamans

and Nicobar. The total population of the UT as per the 2001 census is 3,56,152

with a population density of 43 per sq. km

The Administration of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

is controlled and supervised by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India

through the Lt. Governor (Administrator) appointed under Article 239 of the

Constitution and in terms of the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963.



5.8. Lakshadweep

The Union Territory of Lakshadweep with a total land area of 32 sq.km,

consists of ten inhabited and 17 uninhabited islands, four newly formed islets and

5 submerged reefs. Considering the lagoon area of 4,200 Sq.kms, 20,000 Sq.kms

of territorial waters and about 4 lakhs Sq.kms. of economic zone, Lakshadweep is

a fairly large territory. Kavaratti, Amini, Kadmat, Agatti, Bitra, Andrott, Kalpeni,

Kiltan, Chetalat and Minicoy islands, popularly known as Laccadives. Its total

population is 60,650 with an urban component of 44.47%. Its literacy rate is

86.7%. It consists of only one district which is a Lok Sabha Constituency too.

Formed as a Union Territory in 1956, it was named Lakshadweep in 1973.

It was brought under the direct control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Since then

it is being administered by the Union Government through an Administrator

appointed for this purpose. Comprising of a single district, it is the smallest UT in

the Indian Union.

5.9. Daman and Diu

Located on the Western Coast Daman & Diu is the second smallest Union

Territory of India. Till 1987, Daman & Diu were parts of the UT of Goa. When Goa

became a full fledged State, Daman & Diu were converted into a separate UT,

consisting of 2 districts Daman & Diu. It has an area 112 Sq.Km. with a population

of 1,58,204 and literacy rate 78.20%.

5.10. Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Dadra & Nagar Haveli came under Portuguese Rule between 1783 and

1785. It became a Union Territory in 1961. Silvassa. The UT of Dadra & Nagar

Haveli with a population of 2,20,490 and literacy rate of 57.6% consists of two

separate enclaves. Dadra is surrounded by the State of Gujarat, whereas Nagar

Haveli lies on the borders between Maharashtra and Gujarat. Dadra consists of

three villages and Nagar Haveli consists of a town named Silvassa and 68

villages with an area of 491 Sq.Km.

6. THE SERVICES UNDER UNION AND ITS STATES

The construction of the Civil Services follows a certain pattern.

The All India Services, Central Services and State Services constitute the Civil

Services. The IAS or Indian Administrative Service replaced the ICS and the pre-

independence structure of all-India services, provincial or state services and

central or Union government services was retained.



§§Some of the important Civil Services

All India Services

* Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

* Indian Police Service (IPS)

* Indian Forest Service (IFS)

Central Civil Services - Group "A"

*Indian Foreign Service (IFS)

*Indian Revenue Service (IRS) - Income Tax

*Indian Revenue Service (IRS) - Customs & Central Excise

*Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

*Indian Audits & Accounts Service (IA&AS)

*Indian Defence Accounts Service (IDAS)

*Indian Defence Estate Service (IDES)

*Indian Economic Service(IES)

*Indian Ordnance Factory Services (IOFS)

* Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service (IP&TAFS)

*Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS)

*Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS)

*Indian Information Service (IIS)

*Indian Railway Personnel Service (IRPS)

*Railways Protection Force (RPF)

Central Civil Services - Group "B"

*Central Secretariat Service

* Defence Secretariat Service

*Union Territories Administrative Service

* Union Territories Police Service

State Services

*State Civil/Administrative Service

*State Police Service

*State Forest Service

*Public Works Department

The Constitutional provisions for Services under the Union and States

prescribe for appointments separately in the Constitution of India, keeping in view

the importance of responsibilities and functions at the both levels. The relevant

provisions provide insight for scoping to improve the cadre management of

AGMUT and the DANICS cadres.

§§ External links [http://upsc.gov.in/ UPSC Official Website] * [http://ping4help.com/ ICS preparation Help] * [http://competitionexam.com/ Blog for ICS Preparation]



6.1. The Constitutional Provisions

From Article 309 to 323 of the Constitution are related to the public

services, but article 309 and article 312 are the foundation of organising the public

services under which rules and laws are framed for the appointment in various

services of the Union and state including the AIS. Therefore, these related

provisions are quoted here in verbatim;

Article-309; “Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the

appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of

persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of

the Union or of any State”

This provision empower the States and the Union Government to frame

rules/Regulation related to the recruitment and service conditions of the

employees, and the legislature enact law to facilitate the governments to organise

public services. So, the state services are organised by the states being ‘state

public service’ a ‘state subject’ in the State List-II, whereas Central Civil Services

are organised by the Union Government being ‘Union Public Service’ in Union

List-I of the First Schedule. It may be seen here that the Union Territories are

not having power at par with the states because the UTs are administered by the

Union under the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961

through the Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA).

The AIS is common to the states and the Union, therefore, Article 312 of

the Constitution of India made specific provision that the Central Government to

consult the state governments to constitute such services. It is quoted below to

understand the laws/rules made to this effect.

Article-312. (1) “ Notwithstanding anything in 1[Chapter VI of Part VI

or Part XI], if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not

less than two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or

expedient in the national interest so to do, Parliament may by law provide for the

creation of one or more all India services 2[(including an all-India judicial service)]

common to regulate the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons

appointed, to any such service.

(2) The services known at the commencement of this Constitution as the

Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service shall be deemed to be

services created by Parliament under this article.”

Further, the constitution also specify separately for the states and the

Union about mechanism for the appointment of civil servants through respective

‘Public Services Commissions’ which derive authority directly from Article-315 and

320 of the Constitution. These are given below to understand the difference

between services at Central and state level in the federal polity of the country;

Article-315. (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a

Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for

each State.



Artcle-320. (1) It shall be the duty of the Union and the State Public

Service Commissions to conduct examinations for appointments to the services of

the Union and the services of the State respectively.

Accordingly, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the

examinations for Union Public Services for the Central Government and the State

Public Service Commission (SPSC) for the respective state.

6.2. The Central Civil Services and The All India Services

The ‘UPSC’ and ‘public service’ in respect of the Union figures at serial

no.70 of Union List-1 of the First schedule. The Union public services are

organised under Article 309 of the Constitution of India, and such services are

regulated under rules promulgated by the President of India. The recruitment to

these services are made through all India competitive examinations by the UPSC .

For example, Civil Services Examination, Combined Medical Services,

Engineering Services and others.

Similarly, the SPSC recruits State Civil/Police Service officers for the

respective state who are considered for induction into the IAS/IPS under the

promotion quota.

6.2.1. Central Civil Services

All organised important civil services more than 20 Central Civil Services

(Group- A) including the IAS/IPS, the DANICS/DANIPS and the Central

Secretariat(CSS) Group B are recruited by the UPSC through a All India

Competitive examination popularly known as “ Civil Service Examination”

conducted by the UPSC every year.

The DANICS and CSS on the first promotion upgraded to the Group A and

included among 45 Group- A services under the Union mentioned in the Schedule

-1 Part-1 of the Civil Service Conduct Rule-1964.

Two All India Services (AIS) namely IAS/IPS are also appointed through

Civil Services Examination and the allocation of the IAS/IPS and Allied Services

are made in the order of rank and preference of candidates. Since, the AIS’s are

organised as common service for the Union and its federal states and placement

of the AIS on deputation with the Union are managed under the Central Staffing

Scheme.

6.2.2. The All India Services

Immediately, after adoption constitution of India Parliament enacted under

Article 312(1), THE ALL INDIA SERVICES ACT, 1951 to regulate the recruitment,

and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to the All India Services

common to the Union and the States.

Section-3 of said act facilitates to frame the AIS rules/regulations which

says that:



(1) “The Central Government may, after consultation with the Governments

of the ‘States concerned’***3

make rules for the regulation of recruitment, and the

conditions of service of persons appointed to an All India Service”.

There are three All India Services (AIS). The IAS, IPS deemed to be AIS

under Article-312 at the commencement of the Constitution. Later the Indian

Forest Service(IFS) created under the AIS Act-1951. The IAS is the most

important AIS therefore, rules, regulation for recruitment, service conditions and

cadre management related to the IAS framed under the above said act are taken

to analyse the definitions of state, state civil service, and cadre authorities

adopted for the purpose of organising AGMUT cadre. The cadre management of

each service ensure placement of officers of the respective service.

Therefore, the rules of AIS require a re-look to reorganise the cadres as per

constitutional provisions and the AIS Act-1951 which provide that IAS service is

regulated by AIS Rules and should be placed in accordance to Rule of other state

cadre viz-a-viz Central Staffing Scheme. So attention invited of reader toward the

relevant rules of placement of the IAS with the Union to suggest reform of the

AGMUT Cadre.

6.2.3. The Central Staffing Scheme:

The Central Staffing Scheme provides a systematic arrangement for the

selection and appointment of officers to senior administrative posts at Centre,

excluding posts which are specifically encadred within the organised Group 'A'

services or filled by recruitment through the Union Public Service Commission.

Some posts of Deputy Secretary and Under Secretary under the Central

Government are in the cadre strength of the Central Secretariat Service. These

posts are filled in accordance with the rules of the CSS, and when so filled, stand

outside the Central Staffing Scheme. Appointments to all other posts of the rank

of Under Secretary and above in the Government of India are filled under the

Central Staffing Scheme, by borrowing officer from the All India Services and

participating Group 'A' services; the cardinal principle being that all officers who

are so borrowed will serve the Government of India for a stipulated tenure on

deputation and, thereafter, return to their parent cadre. Their growth, development

and career prospects will be mainly in their own Service.

The raison d'etre of such a scheme is the Centre's need for fresh

inputs at senior levels in policy planning, formulation of policy and implementation

of programmes from diverse sources, viz., the All-India Services and the

participating organised Group 'A' Services. This two-way movement is of mutual

benefit to the service cadres and the Government of India.

In terms of the provisions of article 312 of the Constitution, the Indian

Administrative Service, the Indian Police Service and the Indian Forest Service

are all-India Services common to the Union and the States. Every State cadre of

*** 3

Introduced by All India Services (Amendment) Act, 1958 (25 of 1958) enacted on 03.09.1958



each of these Services provides for a central deputation quota which in turn

requires additional recruitment to be made to these Services to provide for trained

and experienced members of these services to serve on posts in the Central

Government. Accordingly, utilisation of the central deputation quota of different

State Cadres is an important factor governing the scale at which officers are

borrowed from the various State cadres of these all-India Services. However, no

post so filled by a member of any all-India Service on tenure deputation can be

deemed to be a cadre post of that Service. Similarly, no individual member of an

all-India Service can claim any right to a post or appointment under the

Government of India on this ground.

6.4. The State Civil Services

The name "Imperial Civil Service" was changed to Civil Service of India.

However, the term "Indian Civil Service" (ICS) persisted. The acronym "ICS"

continued to be used to denote the covenanted civil servants. The Provincial Civil

Service was also constituted on the basis of the recommendations of the

Aitchison Commission, and this Provincial Service consisted of two cadres,

Provincial Civil Service and Subordinate Civil Service. Further developments took

place as a result of the application of the scheme of cadre organization to the

administrative departments. Thus, for example, the departments of Forest and

Public Works had both the 'imperial, and 'provincial' branches. The basic pattern

of the cadre system in the civil service was thus established following the

recommendations of the Aitchison Commission.

By 1934, the system of administration in India came gradually to consist of

seven All India Services and five Central Departments, all under the control of the

secretary of state, and three Central Departments under joint Provincial and

Imperial control. The ICS and the Indian Police (Service) were in the 'transferred

field', that is, the authority for the control of these services and for making

appointments were transferred from the Secretary of State to the provincial

governments. It seems relevant to mention that the All India and class I central

services were designated as Central Superior Services as early as 1924 in the

Lee Commission's report.

Former secretary of State Service officers before independence popularly

known as India Civil Service (ICS) worked in state public service at district and

state administration in India. After independence, ICS is replaced by IAS.

‘State Public service’ is a state subject at serial no 40 of State List-II of the

First Schedule of the Constitution of India. Therefore, Article-312 prescribes that

the AIS shall be organised in consultation with the states for appointment by the

President of India because the AIS is a common service to the state and the

Union. The AIS officers enrich Union Government through placement under the

Central Staffing Scheme in policy formulation by virtue of vast experience in the

state/state administration and at the secretariat level of concerned state.

Similarly, in respect of the State public service recruitment is made by the

State Public Service Commission constituted under Article 315 of the Constitution



of India through ‘State Level Competitive Examinations’. Therefore, the ‘State Civil

Services’ according to the need of respective state are recruited by the State

Government through the State Public Service Commission. The State Civil

Services is a feeder service for the induction into the IAS for 1/3rd quota of the

cadre strength.

6.5. The IAS Recruitment and Cadre Rules

The recruitment rules, the Cadre rules/regulations of IAS were framed by

the Central Government after consultation with the states concerned. The Union

Territories are inserted as ‘State’ under these rules in spite of facts that the UTs

are part of the Central Government administered directly under Article 239 by the

President. Moreover, the UTs are defined under article 366(30) of the Constitution

inserted through the Seventh Constitutional Amendment-1956 at the time of Re-

organisation of States in 1956. Unlike above constitutional definition, the UTs

were inserted as state under definition in Rule 2(g) of IAS (Recruitment/Cadre)

Rule-1954 in the same year. The inclusion of UTs as states in the IAS rules is

contrary to the constitutional provisions and Section-3 of the AIS Act1951. ‘States

concerned’ was inserted through the All India Service (Amendment) Act-1958 in

section-3 of the AIS Act.-1951 in view of reorganisation of states. The UTs are

considered as states for the purpose of recruitment and cadre management of

IAS which may be seen in following rules.

6.5.1. The IAS Recruitment Rules

The IAS recruitment rules framed under subsection (1) of section 3 of the

All-India Services Act, 1951 by the Central Government after consultation with

the Government of the States concerned.

These rules called the “Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules,

1954” Definition clause related to state, Joint Cadre, State Civil Services , ‘ State

Government Concerned’ and method of recruitment are quoted in verbatim

below:

Rule-2 (b) "Joint Cadre" and "State Cadre" have the meaning respectively

assigned to them in the Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules;

(f) "State" means †††[a State specified in the first Schedule to

Constitution and includes a Union Territory];

(g) "State Civil Service" means:-

‡‡‡(i) for the purpose of filling up the vacancies in the Indian

Administrative Service Cadre for the Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram,

Union Territories under rule 9, any of the following Services, namely:-

a. the Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service;

†††

Substituted with effect from 1-11-1956 vide MHA Notification No. 13 /21 / 56 /-AIS(III) dated 28-2-1958, and further amended with effect from 4-9-1958 vide MHA Notification No. 5 /25 /58-ASI(II)dated 8-7-1959.

‡‡‡

Substituted vide DP & T Notification No. 13013 /1/89-AIS(I) dated 24-1-72.



b. the Goa Civil Service;

c. the Pondicherry Civil Service;

d. the Mizoram Civil Service

e. the Arunachal Pradesh Civil Service

(ii) in all other cases, any service or services approved for the purpose of

these rules by the Central Government, in consultation with the State Government

, a member of which normally holds charge of a sub-division of a district for

purposes of revenue and general administration or posts of higher responsibility;

§§§(h) "State Government concerned", in relation to a Joint Cadre,

means the Joint Cadre Authority.

Rule-4(1). Method of recruitment of the Service- (a) Competitive

examination (b) Induction by Promotion from State Civil Services.

****4(3) “Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), if in the

opinion of the Central Government the exigencies of the service so require, the

Central Government may, after consultation with the State Government and the

Commission, adopt such methods of recruitment to the Service other than those

specified in the said sub-rule, as it may by regulations made in this behalf

prescribe.”

Rule 2(g)(i) above for the purpose of filling promotion quota was substituted

in January 1972 including the DANICS/PCS along with other local civil services of

the UTs as State Civil Service. This amendment took away the right and

opportunities of induction into the IAS from the local service of UT viz. the DASS

and others.

In view of above rules, the DANICS is considered as State Civil service for

the purpose of induction into the IAS under the IAS (Recruitment) rules. But one

may easily infer the difference from the above discussion between a State Civil

Service and the DANICS which is a Central Civil Service under DANICS Rule

2003, and equalising these two is not justified. The consultation with states by the

Central Government is the spirit of organising the AIS under the AIS Act-1951.

Unfortunately, the Union Territories are defined as State in the IAS rules are not in

accordance with the Constitutional Provisions. These UTs were inserted in 1958

in the IAS rules in definition clause as state which is contrary to the definition of

UT inserted under Article-366(30) in the Constitution separately in 1957.

First, paragraph of the IAS rules begin with that the ‘Central Government

after consultation with the Government of the States make rules’ because such

consultation is mandatory under the constitutional provisions in term of Article 312

and section-3 of the AIS Act-1951 for organising the AIS, because ‘State Public

Service’ is a state subject in respect of states being federal units of the Union. But

contrary to the constitutional provisions, the Union Territories are defined as

§§§

Substituted vide D.P. & A.R. Notification No. 13 /4/ 71-AIS-I dated 11.1.72

****

Introduced vide MHA notification No.17/4/56-AIS(III) dated 14-5-56



states in the rules framed under above said Act. It may be read in the relevant

rules of the IAS cadre/recruitment and regulations given hereunder.

6.5.2. Appointment of the IAS through Promotion

In pursuance of sub-rule (1) of rule 8 of the Indian Administrative Service

(Recruitment) Rules, 1954, the Central Government in consultation with the State

Governments and the Union Public Service Commission made the following

regulations, called “the Indian Administrative Service (Appointment by Promotion)

Regulations, 1955.” 33 percent quota of IAS is filled by promotion through

induction under these regulations. The definition of State , State civil service are same as used under

above rules of recruitment/cadre, but it is worth to note here definition of

the ‘state Government’ given under Regulation 2(k) of Regulations, 1955.

(k)†††† [

“State Government” means –

(i) in relation to a State in respect of which a separate cadre of the Service

exists, the Government of such State; and

(ii) in relation to a group of States in respect of which a Joint Cadre of the

Service is constituted, the Joint Cadre Authority.

(iii) in relation to a group of Union Territories, and ‡‡‡‡5

in respect of which

a joint cadre of the Service is constituted, the Central Government.

Regulation 2(k) (iii) in respect of the UTs the ‘Central Government’ is

treated as the State Government which means that the UT cadre as whole made

equivalent to a State under the federal Government. In respect of the AIS under

Article 312 and section-3 of the AIS act-1951 seek to consult the states not UTs

which are distinct from the states. Therefore, a Joint Cadre of the UTs or clubbing

with any other State is in violation of the constitutional provisions.

6.5.3. The IAS Cadre Rules

Perhaps, the cadre were organised initially for all type of states i.e. Part-A,

B, C & D. So probably to avoid inconvenience to the IAS officers due to

reallocation, a concept of the joint cadre was introduced to a group of states. In

1956, the Part-C &D states like Himachal, Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar were

declared as UTs and continued as part of the IAS cadres. The ‘State Concerned’

in case of the Joint Cadre under Rule-2(b) of the IAS( Cadre) Rules-1954 is

considered the ‘Central Government’ as Joint Cadre Authority which is

inconformity with section 3 of the AIS Act-1951. The relevant sections of the cadre

rules are given below:

††††4 Substituted vide D.P. Notification No. 13/4/71-AIS (I), dated 11/1/72.

‡‡‡‡ Omitted vide D.P. Not No. 1/1/72-AIS (I)-A, dated 12/10/72 and substituted vide Not No. 11/1/72-AIS(I)-A, dated 22/5/73 e



(i) §§§§The Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules, 1954

Above Rule-2(b) of the IAS recruitment rules say to refer IAS (cadre) Rules

to know the definitions of Joint Cadre and State cadre. These rules also framed

under subsection (1) of Section-3 of the All India Services Act, 1951 by the

Central Government, after consultation with the Governments of the States

concerned.

A look at the important definitions given in these rules would be necessary

to understand the cadre management.

Rule-2(c)- ‘State’ means *****[a State specified in the First Schedule to

the constitution and includes a Union Territory.]

††††† (d) ‘State Government concerned’, in relation to a Joint cadre,

means the Joint Cadre Authority.

Rule-3 Constitution of Cadres - 3(1) There shall be constituted for each

State or group of States an Indian Administrative Service Cadre.

(2) The Cadre so constituted for a State or a group of States is

hereinafter referred to as a ‘State Cadre’ or, as the case may be, a ‘Joint Cadre’.

In sub-section 1 of rule-3 above prescribe a cadre for each state or group

of state means that UTs are not included but a Joint cadre was formed for UTs

namely Himachal Pradesh and Delhi after 1956 because under sub rule-c of Rule-

2 above these UTs defined as State. But in the IAS (Joint Cadre) Rules,1972

defined the joint cadre other than UTs which is given below.

(ii) the All-India Services (Joint Cadre) Rules, 1972

The Joint Cadre of Union Territories was separated from a Joint Cadre

constituted for the group of states as mentioned below:

Rule-1 (ii) “They shall apply to a Joint Cadre constituted for any group

of States other than the Joint Cadre of Union Territories.”

So now anyone may see that the first major reform in the IAS recruitment

and the cadre management was initiated in view of the State Reorganisation

Reform 1956 when 6 union Territories formed. The Union Territory defined

separately by inserting in the Constitution under Article-366(30).

In nutshell, the Union Territories are administered by the Central

Government under the Article-239 and its Transaction of business rules. But these

UTs considered as State under the IAS recruitment/cadre rules and the regulation

for the purpose of induction into IAS from state civil services. Therefore, the

definition of state, treating the Central Government as State Government are not

according to the spirit of the Article-312, 366(30) and 315 of the Constitution. So

§§§§ The Principal rules were published vide MHA Notification No.2/2/54-AIS(II) dated 8.9.1954.-cadre rules

***** Substituted with effect from 1-11-1956 vide MHA Notification No.13/21/56-AIS(III) dated 28-2-1958 and further amended with effect from 4-9-1958 vide MHA Notification No.5/25/58-AIS(II)-(I),dated 8-7-1959.

††††† Substituted vide D.P. Notification No. 13/4/71-AIS(I),dated 11-1-1972.



let’s see in detail, how this process of retaining the UTs as state for the purpose of

IAS cadre management began and type of the Local/Provincial Subordinate Civil

Services considered as the feeder service for induction into the IAS in UT cadre.

6.5.4. The Local/Provincial Civil Services in UTs

Later on 25th January 1971 Himachal Pradesh became State, which

probably paved the way to form the joint cadre by clubbing the smaller states with

the UTs. So, It is necessary to know and explore the type of local administrative

services of the UTs specially existing of type of local service in the Delhi from

1956 to 1970.

The inclusion of UTs under category of states in the AIS rules provided

opportunity to local services for the induction into the IAS. So, all local

administration official of the UTs who were holding the post of sub-division level

responsibilities considered as ‘State Civil Service’ for filling up the posts of IAS by

induction through promotion under rule 2(g)(ii) and Rule-4(3) of the IAS

(Recruitment) Rule-1954. The decision of Government of India under rule-4 are

given below provide the framework about the existence of type of Local Civil

Service in the newly formed UTs during 1950-70. Moreover, there were no AIS

officers in the administration of the UTs till 1956 because the Part C& D states

were administered directly by the Central Government.

6.5.4.1‡‡‡‡‡The Government of India's Decisions under Rule 4:

Under sub- rule (5), the Government of India have decided that

appointment to the Joint I.A.S. cadre for the Union Territory of Delhi and Himachal

Pradesh on its initial constitution shall be by one or more of the following

methods:-

(i) by appointment of officers selected by the Special Recruitment Board,

1950/51 and included in List I and list II under the Extension to States Scheme

who could not be appointed so far to the I.A.S. in the absence of an All India

Service cadre in Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.

(ii) by transfer of I.A.S. officers from the cadres of the other States. Such

transfers will, however, take place only with the consent of the State Governments

and the individual officers concerned;

(iii) by appointment of the candidates selected on the results of the I.A.S.

(Special Recruitment) Examination, 1956;

(iv) by promotion of officers belonging to the Himachal Pradesh Civil

Services of at least 8 years’ seniority and such of officers under the Delhi

Administration as have been holding substantive appointments of status

comparable to that of a Deputy Collector under that Administration for a

minimum period of 8 years;

‡‡‡‡‡ [G.I., M.H.A file No. 3/59/59-AIS(II).] [G.I., M.H.A file No. 3/59/59-AIS(II).]



(v) by direct recruitment from amongst the candidates declared successful

as a result of the latest I.A.S. Competitive Examination conducted by the Union

Public Service Commission.

1.2 Recruitment to the cadre after its initial constitution shall be made in

accordance with the Recruitment Rules.

2.2 Till such time as the joint cadre is fully constituted and is able to provide

suitable officers for all the posts included in the cadre, existing arrangements in

regard to the staffing of various posts including deputation of officers from other

States will continue.

From above it clear that the IAS were recruited as per criteria and method

laid down in the beginning of constitution of the Joint Cadre for Himachal Pradesh

and Delhi. Para (iv) of decision mention that the ‘State Civil Service’ in case of

Delhi was ‘Delhi Administration’s officers’ which is presently known as “The Delhi

Administration Subordinate Service”(DASS), and it was a feeder service for the

induction into IAS by promotion along with The Himachal Pradesh Civil Service.

Prior to 1956, Himachal and Delhi were Chief Commissioner’s Provinces. These

Provincial Subordinate Civil Services officer who were having 8 years seniority

holding the post of Dy. Collector or equivalent were considered for promotion

into IAS in the UT cadre as per above Para-(iv) of the Government of India

Decision

Therefore, above decision of the Government of India is self- explanatory

about the existence of Local/Provincial Subordinate Civil service during1950s in

the Delhi popularly known by acronym ‘DASS’. Similarly other UTs had Local

subordinate services.

7. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UNION TERRITORY CIVIL SERVICES

The Second major reform in civil services in the UTs carried out in the year

1970-72. It seems that the government felt necessity during early seventies to

have a separate Central Civil Service for the UTs. This intention may be

deciphered from the definition of the joint cadre given in the IAS ( Joint Cadre)

Rules, 1972 under which a joint cadre was constituted for a group of states other

than the Cadre for Union Territories.

Another, Specially administered region through the Ministry of External

Affairs called “ NEFA” changed the form of administration during the process of

re-organisation of States and UTs followed by framing of the IAS(Joint Cadre)

rules,1972. Therefore, the Year 1972 is also important when the Union Territories

were reorganised like, North-East Frontier Area (NEFA) was renamed as

‘Arunachal Pradesh’ and Mizoram were declared Union Territories. Total 7 Union

territories formed in the year 1972. It is also relevant to mention here that “The

Indian Frontier Administrative Service” (IFAS) established in 1957 for NEFA

region was vanished in late mid sixties rather than continuing this service for the

newly formed Union Territories. Like NEFA Region, the Union Territories at that

time needed a similar Central Civil Service suited to the areas administered



directly by the Central Government. The IFAS was a successful service suited to

the region for which they were employed. A comment of Brigadier Amrit Kapur is

testimony to this effect.

§§§§§ “A special service known as the Indian Frontier Administrative

Service (IFAS) was established in 1957, to administer the North-eastern states.

This service was doing a commendable job of adequately administering the North-

eastern states with due regard to cultural and tribal sensitivities of the people. For

reasons best known to the government, the Indian Frontier Administrative Service

was abolished in the later half of the sixties and replaced by Indian Administrative

Service (IAS).”

In the 1970-72 DANICS and Pondicherry Civil Service were introduced as

the ‘Central Civil Services’ recruited through the IAS examination by the UPSC

perhaps on the pattern of the IFAS for certain Union Territories considering the

exigency and the circumstances of each UT.

The DANICS is one the important Central Civil Service normally rated

within 7 preferences by the Civil Service aspirants in Civil Service Examination.

But the DANICS is degraded to a ‘State Civil Service’ for filling up vacancies into

the IAS by promotion along with the small state civil services i.e. Arunachal

Pradesh and Goa instead placing at par rating of civil service aspirants.

The DANICS is also more or less may be compared with the IFAS,

probably initially intended for the UTs namely Delhi, Andaman Nicobar in view of

special significance of Delhi being National Capital and Andaman and Nicobar’s

strategic importance. Similarly Pondicherry is also important and unique due to

historical reason. The IAS fraternity appears to realised threat to their sphere of

power in view of establishment of the Central Civil Service for the UTs. Therefore

to counter this threat, the IAS (Recruitment/Cadre) Rules were amended

immediately and defined the DANICS/Puduchery civil service as ‘State Civil

Service’. The inclusion of DANICS in these rules as State Civil Service virtually

crushed the career progression of the DASS and the other local/Provincial

subordinate services in the UTs. The DANICS is perceived as a threat by the

DASS/Local Subordinate service of UTs and the IAS in their respective cadres.

Until 1970, the DASS and other local service considered for induction into

the IAS under sub rule-5 of rule-4 of the IAS (cadre) Rule-1954. After 1970, the

DANICS and the Pondicherry Civil service (PCS) in the IAS (Recruitment)

Rules/Regulations defined as ‘State Civil Services’. It has been done by including

the Union Territories as State in the IAS rules. The inclusion of these two Central

Services as ‘State Civil Service’ blocked the prospects of induction into the IAS

from Provincial Subordinate service officers like DASS who hold the posts

§§§§§ Brig. Amrit Kapur VSM The writer is Associate Editor, Indian Defence Review and former

Commandant, Countery Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School , Mizoram , India . Courtesy: Indian Defence Review, vol. 20-2.

l



equivalent to Dy. Collector as mentioned in clause (iv) of the decision of the

Government of India under rule-4 rather these services are considered as feeder

for induction into the DANICS/PCS. Now lets see the DANICS rules.

7.1. The DANICS Cadre Rules

DANICS Acronym used to denote a Central Civil Service organised for the

certain Union Territories which had undergone many changes since its inception

but it retained its above abbreviated name. The DANICS organised as under:

In exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to article 309 of the

Constitution, and in supersession of Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,

Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Services Rules,

1996, except as respects things done or to makes the following rules,

****** “The National Capital Territory of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar

Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Civil

Service) Rules, 2003”.

The functional hierarchy of DANICS is given in sub rule-3 of rule 3 of the

DANICS Rule-2003 which as quoted here:

“The posts in Junior Administrative Grade-1, Junior Administrative Grade-II

and Selection Grade shall be Central Civil Services Group “A” posts and those in

the Entry Grade shall be Central Civil Services Group “B” posts”

The DANICS rules shows that rating or comparing DANICS with the state

civil services is not appropriate because the DANICS officers promoted to

Central Civil Service Group-A after completing 8 years service in the Group-B.

The recruitment in the DANICS is done at Entry Grade level. 50 percent are direct

recruit through Civil Service Examination conducted by the UPSC and 50 percent

are recruited through promotion from officers of the Delhi Administration

Subordinate Service and other concerned UT‘s Local Services. Similarly a

separate ‘Puduchery Civil service’ organized by the Union for the UT of

Puduchery. These services were organized for the specific UTs only which are

centrally administered territories. The Cadre Controlling Authority for the DANICS

is the ‘Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India’ and defining MHA as State

for framing rules or enacting law is unconstitutional and such law/rules may be

declared ‘ultra vire’ if any individual/association challenge it, in the Court of law.

7.2. The Cadre Strength of DANICS

Name, number and scale of pay of duty posts in the grades of the National

Capital Territory of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lakshadweep, Daman

and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli Civil Service.

††††††Part A

******N O T I F I C A T I ON No.14012/8/2000-UTS-II GOI, MHA, Dated, the 6th August, 2003

†††††† Schedule -I of DANICS Amendment Rules,2009 substituted vide Notification G.S.R. 717 dated 1

st October, 2009 .



Grades and sanctioned strength of the Service

(a) Grades of the Service and Scales of pay

1. Junior Administrative Grade I (Group A)-PB-4+GP Rs8700/-

2. Junior Administrative Grade II (Group A)- PB-3+ GP Rs 7600/-

3. Selection Grade (Group A) –PB-3 + GP Rs 6600/-

4. Entry Grade (Group B)

(i) –PB-2 + GP Rs 4800/- (on initial appointment)

(ii) PB-3 +GP Rs 5400/- (on completion of 4 years approved service subject

to vigilance and integrity clearance).

(b) Sanctioned strength

1. Specific posts under the Government of the National Capital Territory of

Delhi.-309

2. Specific posts under the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Administration.-

24

3. Specific posts under the Lakshadweep Administration- 14

4. Specific posts under the Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Administration-16

5. Deputation, Leave and Training Reserves- 109, Total- 472

It may be noted here that the DANICS officer from the beginning hold post

of Dy. Collector or equivalent and later the JAG officers hold post of Collector or

equivalent. For example, 4 posts out of 9 Dy. Commissioner (Revenue) in the

Delhi are indentified for the DANICS officers and 5 for the IAS. Moreover, the

DANICS in Grade Pay of Rs 7600 and above are also placed at par with

equivalent Grade Pay of the IAS officers. But the DANICS officers (PB4 +GP Rs

8700) on induction into the IAS through promotion are demoted to PB-3 +GP(

depend on seniority fixed in IAS) due to which many DANICS are not accepting

promotion into the IAS. The stagnation of career progression of DANICS is

causing frustration among the senior DANICS officers. The Association of

DANICS may demand one more next higher functional scale i.e. PB-4 + GP Rs

10000/. It however, would cause discontent among the IAS officers because job

contents , functions and responsibilities are common in the Administrative

Services and it would be difficult to ignore the principle of equal pay for equal

work.

8. A COMPARISION OF THE AGMUT vs OTHER STATE CADRE

Three State namely Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, and Mizoram carved out

from the UTs in 1986-87, and accordingly, the UT cadre was changed into

‘AGMUT’. It is being continued contrary to the definition of ‘Joint Cadre’ given in

the IAS (Joint cadre) rules, 1972 without an amendment to this effect as was done

earlier. In case of AGMUT, the Joint Cadre Authority is the Ministry of Home

affairs, Government of India.

Inclusion of the UTs in the IAS rules as ‘state’ also denied the IAS officers

of AGMUT Cadre to occupy position equivalent to other large state cadre in terms

of function and responsibilities and remain underutilised. The AGMUT cadre IAS



officers also suffer hardship due to transfer/placement in AGMUT constituents

scattered from Arunachal Pradesh to Lakshadweep, Goa to Mizoram and

Chandigarh to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. So, anyone can imagine that how

they would be managing their social life and Children’s education. Moreover, the

rule of cadre allotment according to choice of spouses in case of both are AIS

officers is irrelevant because they rarely gets opportunity of posting together in a

Constituent of the AGMUT cadre.

We have seen that the constituents of AGMUT governed by different

statutes/Acts and Regulation framed according to the local conditions and specific

importance of states/UTs spread over four corners of the India. An AIS officer

rarely gets opportunity to serve twice in the same territory during his career.

We have already seen the territorial and geo-political administrative set-up

of the AGMUT constituents. It would also be appropriate to discuss about each

constituent’s cadre strength in the AGMUT.

8.1. The Cadre Strength of IAS

The cadre review was carried out by the Central Government in March

2010 under sub rule (2) of rule 4 of the Indian Administrative (Cadre) Rules, 1954

in consultation with the Governments of Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram and all

Union Territories amended the Indian Administrative Service ( Fixation of Cadre

Strength) Regulation 1955 by promulgation of ‡‡‡‡‡‡the IAS ( Fixation of Cadre

Strength) Second Amendment Regulation, 2010.

The cadre strength of IAS is as under;

Total authorised strength- 337

1-Senior Duty Post-183,

(a) Arunachal Pradesh- Total-37, 17 Dy. Commissioners and 17

commissioners cum secretaries rank, one Development Commissioner and one

Chief Secretary.

(b) Goa- Total-18, No post of Development Commissioner. (c) Mizoram-

Total-29, One post of Development Commissioner, 8 Dy. Commissioners.

(d) Andaman and Nicobar Island- Total-14, one Chief Secretary, one

Development Commissioner and 3 Dy. Commissioners. (e). Chandigargh – 9, No

development Commissioner

(f) Daman, Diu/Dadara & Nagar Haveli- Total- 5, One Development

Commissioner, 3 Collectors.

(g) Government of NCT of Delhi- Total-56, one Chief Secretary, one

Financial Commissioner, 10 Principal Secretaries, one Divisional Commissioner

and 25 equivalent rank, 5 Dy. Commissioners and 12 other equivalent rank.

(h) Lakshadweep- Total-2, One Collector-cum- District Magistrate and one

Development Commissioner. (i). Puduchery- Total-13, 2 collectors, one Chief

Secretary,

‡‡‡‡‡‡ Notification No. 11031/03/2009- AIS-II-A dated 12th March, 2010 notified by Ministry of

Personnnel, public Grievances and Pension, GOI, New Delhi.



(j) Mizoram- Total- 29, One chief Secretary, one Development

Commissioner

All post(4+1) of the Chief secretaries and equivalent are of Rs 80000/(

fixed) and one each of HAG in Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar,

Chandigargh, Mizoram, Goa and Puduchery and 10 HAG in Delhi. (HAG scale-Rs

67000/ with annual increment @3% -Rs79000/. Total 50 posts are in scale of PB-

4+ GP Rs. 10000/ out of which in Delhi-27, Arunachal Pradesh-7, Goa- 2,

Mizoram-5, Andaman and Nicobar-3, Chandigargh-2, Daman, Diu/Dadra & Nagar

Haveli-2, Puduchery-3 and Lakshadweep-1. Pay Band and Scale of the remaining

duty posts carrying in the pay in the senior scale in ‘Schedule II-Part-B’ are not

specified in the amended regulation-2010.

2-Central Deputation Reserve-73

3- State Deputation Reserve-45

4- Training Reserve-6

5- Leave Reserve-30

6- Post to be filled by Promotion under Rule 8 of the IAS ( Recruitment)

Rules, 1954 not exceeding 33.3% of the item no 1,2,3 and 4 above- 102

7- Post to be filled by Direct Recruitment ( Item 1+2+3+4+5-6) =235

Prior to issue of above notification, the Total Authorised Strength of

AGMUT cadre was-245

In this Notification consultation was done by the Central Government with

the Governments of individual AGMUT constituents instead of the Joint Cadre

Authority i.e. MHA or as defined in the Cadre Rules which further dilute the

constitutional definition of the UTs. The definition of the the Cadre in case of UTs

given in the IAS (Joint Cadre) Rules, 1972 does not appears to be followed after

formation of 3 states from the UT cadre constituents during 1986-87 which

continued with the UTs against the principle of federal polity. Apart from this, it is

also interesting to note the hierarchical order in some of the important UTs like

Delhi, to compare with other state caders which will reveal anomaly at every level

in AGMUT Constituents. .

8.2. The Status of IAS in The Largest and Tiniest UT vs a State

At the district level in Delhi, the Dy Commissioners of Revenue districts

exercises limited authority on subjects which are beyond jurisdictions of

Cantonment Board, Municipal Corporation of Delhi and Delhi Development

Authority. The posting of IAS officers in the districts of Delhi provides fewer

opportunities to gain experience which the affects morale of officers while

compared with other states. Moreover, 25 out of 56 IAS officers are in the rank of

Divisional Commissioner / Joint Secretary and 12 are HAG and above ranks who

exercise limited authority in view of the existence of parallel system of

administrations under the NDMC, DDA, and MCD Acts. The heavy top pyramid of

the IAS is also against the principle of hierarchy which support the view that the

IAS officers in the NCT of Delhi remain underutilised. The CAG may take adverse



view of such hierarchical order due to underutilization of the senior IAS officers

compared to other cadres and the central deputation posts of equivalent ranks.

The Delhi has one divisional commissioner who exercises the power of District

Magistrate because it is a uni-district for judiciary purpose. The Divisional

Commissioner in Delhi supervises work of 9 Dy. Commissioners (Revenue) who

also act as the ex-officio Principal Secretary (Revenue) which means three levels

are merged in the single authority. In other States normally the Divisional

Commissioner supervises administrations of 4-5 districts.

Now let us take the tiniest UT i.e. Lakshadweep which is also a uni-district

territory having 32 Sq. Km area with population 60650 (as per census 2001). Till

recently it was headed by the Collector-cum-Development Commissioner (Junior

IAS officer) under the Administrator. But now under IAS cadre notification, it is

bifurcated into two new posts, one post of Collector and one post of Divisional

Commissioner. Unlike other cadre, the Divisional Commissioner who equivalent to

rank of Joint secretary would supervise the function of the smallest district in the

Lakshadweep in view of creation new post of the Divisional Commissioner. It may

also be noted that the Administrative reform Commission has already

recommended to eliminate post of Divisional commissioner in view of increasing

e-governance and third tier administration of local bodies. Normally, the

Administrator of Lakshadweep is also appointed from IAS officers equivalent to

the rank of Divisional Commissioner. Hence, the creation of new post of the

Divisional Commissioner in the tiniest unit of administration is not justified.

In view above one may easily see that the underutilisation of the IAS

officers of AGMUT compared to other IAS cadres leading to frustration and less

exposure to development programmes which may not improve their acumen of

policy making functions. They also lack knowledge of policy, rule and law because

some of the AGMUT constituents are governed by the state governments as per

local laws and UTs are under the central statutes. For example an officer

transferred from Mizoram to Goa will have to learn law, culture of the new land

who would be shifted after 2-3 years to Arunachal Pradesh or some other

constituent where he would repeat the same process of learning to equip himself

to work in entirely new politico-administrative culture. In such circumstances, an

IAS officer of the AGMUT cadre may not contribute at par with the state cadre

where the IAS officer get opportunity to serve in the different positions in a state

and gain field knowledge of cadre state who enrich policy making while on

deputation under the central staffing scheme.

9. SUGGESTIONS TO REFORM THE AGMUT CADRE

The spirit of the Constitutional Provisions need to be injected in the IAS

rules of recruitment and the cadre management which would solve the problems

of IAS officers relating to underutilisation and postings. This would also enhance

opportunities of career prospects of the DANICS by placement at par with the

other Central Civil Services in the administration of UTs as well as under the

Central deputation. Ultimately, the reform of AGMUT in tune with the constitutional



provisions would benefit the Provincial Subordinate Civil Service like ‘DASS’ and

others local services in the UTs.

These suggestions are given below:

1- Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram should be clubbed under the

IAS(joint Cadre) Rule,1972 in consultation with the Government of such states

with the neighbouring states of North-East States, and similarly, Goa may be tied

with Maharastra or Karnataka. These states would have control over the IAS

officers posted in the respective state like other federal states including in the

matter of organising the IAS cadres in consultation with partner states of the joint

cadre. The State Civil Service officer inducted into the IAS would also get

opportunity to work at higher level enriching policy framing at the state level by

virtue of vast experience at the field level. Such officers would also be saved from

many difficulties faced by them due to transfer to other end of the country.

2- The Union Territories are part of the Central Government being

administered by the President directly through MHA, Government of India under

its ‘Transaction of Business Allocation Rules’ for all purpose as per constitutional

provisions including in respect of the organising civil service for the UTs.

Therefore, the UTs should be deleted from all the IAS rules in which the UTs are

defined as ‘state’ contrary to the constitutional provisions for the management of

UT/AGMUT Cadre. A suitable amendment of the IAS rules to delink the UTs being

part of the Central Government from the other states would bring relevant rules of

cadre management, recruitment of the IAS in conformity with the constitutional

provisions and the AIS Act.-1951. Like DDA, NDMC and MCD, the Central

Government may identify suitable posts for IAS under the Central Staffing

Scheme for placement in the UT administrations. This arrangement would abolish

AGMUT cadre to provide opportunity to IAS officers who are on the central

deputation to serve in the neighbouring UTs which are adjoining to their home

state or parent cadre. It would also eliminate the problems relating to under

utilisation, transfer and acquiring in depth field knowledge of the respective cadre.

3-The DANICS is a Central Civil Service and it should be renamed as “The

Indian Union Territories Civil Service”(IUTCS) and it should be utilised in the

administration of all the UTs on the pattern of the IFAS with exception that the

posts in UT administration at higher level preferably above level of Joint secretary

should be brought under Central Staffing Scheme. The Pondichery Civil Service

should be merged with the IUTCS which would have career progression like other

Central Services Civil services. The IUTCS should also be considered for the

Central deputation under the Central Staffing Scheme. Suitable posts for career

progression for the IUTCS would be released on abolition of the AGMUT. This

would remove all anomalies adopted in IAS rule for recruitment and cadre

management as discussed earlier.

4- The reform of introduction of the IUTCS and abolition of the AGMUT

would have trickle down effects to improve career progression of the Provincial

Subordinate Civil Services namely DASS in the Delhi and similar other local



services of the UTs. Presently all the local services of the Union territories are

dissatisfied due to not getting induction uniformly into the DANICS affecting the

morale of local officers. Once, the UTs would be delinked from IAS cadre, Local

Service would be organised properly to improve the prospects of induction into the

IUTCS. Chandigarh should discontinue to borrow officers from Haryana and

Punjab and local Service may be organised like other UTs. Necessary

amendment in the Punjab Reorganisation Act-1966 relating to governance of the

Chandigargh in tune with the constitutional provisions would rectify anomalies of

the public services of Chandigargh. UTCS should be linked to Central Staffing

Scheme at par with other Central Civil Services.

5- The IAS officers of rank of the Joint Secretary and above released on

abolition of AGMUT may be utilised under the Central Staffing Scheme and

remaining may be allocated other cadres considering preference of individual and

availability of the duty posts.

Above suggestions are win-win to the three type of services (IAS, DANICS

and Local/Provincial UT services) benefiting each and rectifying legal

unconformities’ with the Constitutional provisions and the AIS Act-1951. Similar

reforms may be carried out for the IPS and the IFS.



10. CONCLUSION

The AIS Act-1951 enacted in pursuance of Article-312 to organise the All

India Services, and section-3 of the said act provide for framing rules to regulate

the AIS in consultation with the states. The states under federal system exercise

power on the subjects specified in the State List-II including the Public Service.

It is also discussed that Union Territories being part of the Union are

administered by the President and considering the UTs as the ‘State’ or ‘the

Government of state’ is not justified for framing the AIS (recruitment) rules. But the

IAS (Recruitment) Rule-1954 defined UTs as states which is ultra vire to the

constitutional provisions and the AIS Act. Similarly, the UTs are defined as ‘State’

under The IAS (Appointment by Promotion) Regulations, 1955.The Central

Government itself has defined as ‘State government’ for consultation under the

above said regulation-1955 to form joint cadre for the UTs in 1972. The IAS

(Recruitment/Cadre) rules to the extent relating to the AGMUT cadre violate the

constitutional provisions and the AIS act-1951.

Therefore it is true that the rules/regulations of IAS to equate the UTs with

states resulted into denial of opportunities equivalent to other cadres in terms of

the power/function and the responsibilities. It is also affecting the DANICS officers

providing dual status as Central Civil Service under the DANICS rules and State

Civil Service under IAS rules which means the DANICS officers are demoted to by

downgrading from the Central Civil Service to the State Civil Service to make

them eligible for promotion by induction into the IAS. The promotion of DAINICS

into the IAS by scaling down from PB -4 to PB-3 is also a stumbling block for the

career progression of the Local Subordinate Service of UTs including DASS.

Therefore, suggested reform of abolition of the AGMUT cadre of IAS and

extending the Central Staffing Scheme to the UT Administrations would have an

oiling effect to smoothen the relationship of these three civil services without

taking away right of anyone. This would also take care of the principle of Equal

Pay for Equal Work.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. The Constitution of India (As modified up to the 1st December, 2007)

Government of India Ministry of Law and Justice.

2. 15th Report of 2nd Administrative Reform Commission

3. the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956,

4. The All India Service Act-1951

5. The Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules,1954

6. The Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules,1954.

7. The Indian Administrative Service (Appointment) Regulation,1955

8. The Indian Administrative Service (Joint Cadre) Rules,1972.

9. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Civil

Service) Rules, 2003

10.THE All India Services (Amendment) Act, 1958 (25 of 1958) enacted on

03.09.1958

11. MHA Notification No. 13 /21 / 56 /-AIS (III) dated 28-2-1958.

12. MHA Notification No. 5 /25 /58-AIS (II) dated 8-7-1959.

13. DP & T Notification No. 13013 /1/89-AIS (I) dated 24-1-72.

14. D.P. & A.R. Notification No. 13 /4/ 71-AIS-I dated 11.1.72

15. MHA notification No.17/4/56-AIS (III) dated 14-5-56

16. D.P. Notification No. 13/4/71-AIS (I), dated 11/1/72.

17. D.P. Not No. 1/1/72-AIS (I)-A, dated 12/10/72 and D.P. Not No.

11/1/72-AIS (I)-A, dated 22/5/73.

18. MHA Notification No.13/21/56-AIS (III) dated 28-2-1958.

19. MHA Notification No.5/25/58-AIS (II)-(I),dated 8-7-1959.

20. D.P. Notification No. 13/4/71-AIS (I),dated 11-1-1972

21. G.I., M.H.A file No. 3/59/59-AIS(II).] [G.I., M.H.A file No. 3/59/59-AIS(II)]

22 DANICS Amendment Rules, 2009 substituted vide Notification G.S.R.

717 dated 1st October, 2009.

23.Notification No. 11031/03/2009- AIS-II-A dated 12th March, 2010

notified by Ministry of Personnel, public Grievances and Pension, GOI,

New Delhi.

24. External links [http://upsc.gov.in/ UPSC Official Website]

*[http://ping4help.com/ ICS preparation Help]

* [http://competitionexam.com/ Blog for ICS Preparation]

Documents

REINVENTING THE AGMUT AND DANICS CADRE- A CIVIL SERVICE FOR INDIAN UNION TERRITORIES