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Reinventing Education Act for the Children of Hawaii
REACH
Our Goal. Our Children. Our Future.
Comparison of the DOE Current Budget with the New Weighted Student Formula
Outline
• How are School Resources Allocated Now?-- School Equity based on Enrollment
• Weighted Student Formula: -- Equity Based on Students’ Needs
• Committee on Weights: Key Questions• Characteristics to Consider for Weights• Introduction to Other School Districts’ Formulas:
Edmonton, Seattle & Houston
How are School Resources Currently Allocated?
State(Legislature & Governor)
Board of EducationDepartment of Education
DHRDDAGSDOH
Schools
Positions
(FTEs)
Hourly Payroll
($)
Supplies& Equip.($)
Civil Service Employee Screening
Repairs & MaintenanceSchool ConstructionSchool Health Aides
The Current Budget Allocation System Promotes School Equity
• The primary method of allocating resources to schools is through staffing formulas:– Student : Teacher Ratio– Support Staff Ratios– Staffing based on program decisions
• Positions are allocated to schools; • Payroll is processed centrally.• Most school districts across the U.S. follow
similar procedures.
Staffing Ratios Vary with Enrollment,
But Do Not Adjust for Students’ Needs
STAFFING RATIOS
Low High
Student Need
$/P
upil
Add-on Programs
FTEs
Under Current Allocations, Schools With Similar Enrollments Receive Similar Numbers of Teacher Positions, Even Though Student Needs Vary by School
Kaimuki Hi
Hilo Hi
Kalama Int
Waianae Int
Kalihi Kai El
Mokapu El
Enrollment 1,202 1,285 905 937 802 796
% Limited English Proficiency
14.8% 2.1% 1.2% 3.8% 18.6% 1.9%
% Poverty 46.7% 46.9% 44.4% 78.0% 75.6% 17.0%
% Special
Education15.8% 20.0% 19.2% 26.2% 5.6% 12.56%
Current Budget Allocations: Positions Allocated to Schools, Payroll Processed Centrally
Fourteen Percent of Current Total DOE Budget Allocated to School Principals, Excluding Salaries
Fiscal Year 2005 Budget, Excluding Debt Service and CIP
EDN 150 All Special Ed and Comprehensive Student Support
Services24%
Federal Funds6%
Special and Trust Funds1%
EDN 100 Salaries,
Processed Centrallyfor Schools
41%
EDN 600 Charter Schools2%
EDN 100 Categorical Programs excluding salaries
2%
EDN 200 Instructional Support2%
EDN 400 Food Services,
Custodial, Student Transportation11%
EDN 100 Lump Sum school programs, excluding salaries
3%
EDN 300 State and District Administration
3%
Federal Funds centrally
administered3%
EDN 500 Adult Education and
After-School Plus (A+)2%
In Contrast: Weighted Student Formula Achieves Equity Based on Students’ Needs
• Empowers schools to use resources to positively impact student achievement
• Resources follow the student -- Revenue is portable
• Each child's needs are counted -- Weights are established for different needs
One Example of Students’ Needs: The link between poverty and academic performance
• There is a clear correlation between poverty and academic performance.
• In general, the higher the poverty level at a school the lower the academic performance of the school.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
PALOLOLINAPUNI
FERN
KALIHI-WAENAFARRINGTON HI
KALIHILIKELIKEPUUHALE
KALIHI-UKALILIUOKALANI
LANAKILA
JARRETT MID
KAEWAI
CENTRAL MIDKAIMUKI HIKALIHI-KAI
ROYALDOLE MID
KUHIO
STEVENSON MID
KAIULANIALA WAI
KAULUWELAMCKINLEY HI
WASHINGTON MID
JEFFERSONKAAHUMANUKAPALAMA
LIHOLIHO
WAILUPE VALLEY
ALIIOLANI
KALAKAUA MID
WAIKIKIKALANI HI
PAUOALINCOLN
ROOSEVELT HI
KAWANANAKOA MID
KAISER HILUNALILOKAMILOIKIHAHAIONE
NIU VALLEY MID
WILSONHOKULANI
MANOA
KAIMUKI MID
MAEMAENUUANUKAHALAKOKO HEAD
NOELANIAINA HAINA
% of Students Qualifying for F/R Lunch
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
% Meeting/Exceeding State Standards 01/02
Poverty
Achievement
Honolulu District Schools
Weighted Student Formula Provides Dollar Resources to Schools Based on Students’ Needs
Low High
Student Need
$/P
upil
$
$
Act 51, With Weighted Student Formula: 70% Budget Requirement
70% of Total DOE Budget To Be Expended By School Principals
Beginning in School Year 2006-07
State and District/Complex Area
Administration 3%
Food Services, Custodial,
Student Transportation11%
Instructional Support
2%
Adult Education and A+
Program2%
Federal Funds centrally
administered3%
Intensive Special
Education Services9%
Budget To Be Expended by
School Principals Under Act 51,
SLH 200470%
Consisting of:
Weighted student formula 58 %
Other school funds:
Categorical, federal,
special, trust funds,
and charter schools 12 %
Total 70 %
Committee on Weights: Key Questions
• What programs to include in the WSF?
• Which students or schools should get more?
• How much more should they get?
Characteristics to Consider for Weights
PovertyFree/Reduced Lunch
Mobility Transfers to/from schools
Average Daily Attendance
Grade LevelGrades K-2
Elementary
Middle, High
Accountability Measures Test Scores
Adequate Yearly Progress
Other English For Second Language Learners
Special Education
Gifted/Talented
At-Risk / Alienated Students
Small School Adjustments
Geographic Isolation
Process to Develop Weights
• Committee on Weights:• Identification of programs to be included in WSF• Identification of student or school characteristics to
receive weighting• Review of “base-line” weightings using current
allocations• Review comparison of schools “as is” and “would
be” allocations• Revise weights to appropriately reflect student and
school needs
What programs to include in the Weighted Student Formula?
• Conceptually:• Include direct costs of instructional programs• Include programs currently operated by staffing
formulas and other direct allocations to schools• Exclude non-instructional programs• Exclude programs more appropriately managed
centrally
Other School Districts’ Weighted Student Formulas
• Edmonton • 2002-03 enrollment = 82,000• First year of WSF implementation: 1976-77• 92% of budget included in WSF
» Excludes Student Transportation, Food Services, Debt Service, Facilities Construction
• Seattle• 2003-04 enrollment = 47,000• First year of WSF implementation: 1997-98 • 50-60% of budget included in WSF
• Houston• 2002-03 enrollment = 212,099• First year of WSF implementation: 2001-02• 70-80% of budget included in WSF
Questions So Far?