Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration Insights from Gujarat · PDF filesystem with appeal for developed and developing countries applications ... Transportation hubs are frequently cited

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Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration

Insights from Gujarat

UNC Water & Health Conference - 2017

Presenter: Myles Elledge

www.abettertoilet.org

Partnerships Make It Possible

Create a waste treatment and toilet system that is …

1. “Off-grid”. Does not require an external source of electricity, water or sewer

2. A waste treatment system treats all pathogens on-site

3. An affordable system operating on no more than 5 cents per person / per day

4. An aspirational waste treatment & toilet system with appeal for developed and developing countries applications

BMGF Reinvent the Toilet Challenge

On-site Waste Treatment

Prototype Site @ CEPT University

• Batch processing solid and liquid waste, recycling liquid for flush water. Potential to supply treated water for additional purposes

• Solid-liquid separator and macerator processing waste to dried fuel, (currently doing ~1kg / week)

• Aspirational cabin design featuring quality space, lighting, ventilation, ergonomics, safety, privacy and MHM

• User insights on RT [1200 HH survey, 92 FGDs +900 people, over 1000 users]

Summary: Field Prototype Testing @ CEPT

• Liquid treatment– Positive views on water-saving features– Interest in water treatment simplicity– Positive views on reuse, varying reaction to specific

additional uses of recycled water– Odor, color, clarity drivers for reuse

• Solid Waste Combustion– General comfort/familiarity with burning solid waste– Appreciate potential to generate energy

• MHM– Discrete disposal at-site is highly valued feature– Strong support for incineration as strategy on-site– On-site disposal & water potential driver to toilet use

Product Adoption User Findings

Schools are often places where children, teachers and staff don’t have access to adequate sanitation services. Attendance, participation, as well as the overall health and environment at schools could be addressed through on-site waste treatment that does not require piped sewerage. Opportunity to influence behavior change, improve health and education outcomes.

Stakeholder Engagement Leads to Targeted Market Segments

Shared or community toilets are needed in a vast number of residential communities in the developing world. Space or money may be a constraint to household toilets. Shared facilities are a workable solution for many communities – managed in a cooperative or pay-per-use model. Opportunity to improve well-being, health and education outcomes..

Small and medium sized enterprises often are working in shells of buildings or in warehouse settings in industrial zones without bathrooms. Factories with hundreds of textile, metal working, plastics or other industries, are often found wanting for the provision of safe sanitation for the health and safety of its day-laborers. Opportunity to influence worker safety, influence behavior, improve worker well-being.

.

Transportation hubs are frequently cited areas of concern for public sanitation. Thousands of passengers or drivers might come in and out of a transport hub to catch a bus or train, exchange cargo, or rest along a journey. Sanitation options are few because infrastructure costs are high, and the options, if present, are often not safe, clean or functional. Opportunity to influence behavior, improve worker well-being.

Stakeholder Engagement Leads to Targeted Market Segments

Large commercial construction sites often have 100-300 workers on site, many in temporary camps with their families for 1-2 years while the construction is underway. Sanitation is often poor, and has an impact on worker health and productivity, and site cleanliness. Opportunity to improve workplace safety and worker well-being.

U.S. Army Natick TOWR (Toilet with On-site Remediation)

Levering Additional Programs

Contact

http://abettertoilet.org/

Myles [email protected]

RTI International3040 E. Cornwallis Rd.Research Triangle Park, NC 27709www.rti.org

Contact

http://abettertoilet.org/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.rti.org/

Field testing Transformative

Technologies in Tamil Nadu

Prepared for the UNC Water and Health Conference

October 18, 2017

Sonia Grego, Senior Scientist, STeP program

RTI International

STeP provides a full range of services through a collaboration of

global experts and organizations that removes risk and streamlines

the path to market, fostering greater success for its partners.

The Sanitation Technology Platform (STeP) helps move transformative sanitation technology from prototype to product.

7

Reinvent the Toilet technologies are maturing

Field testing of Reinvent the Toilet technologies

• Test

• Learn

• Repeat

Field testing: an iterative process

Key local partner: PSG Institute of

Medical Science and Research

City: Coimbatore

State: Tamil Nadu

Field team in Coimbatore

Antony Raj

Project

ManagerRTI Global India

Aravind

M. Tech Env.

EngineerRTI Contractor

Sarani Sasidharan

B. Tech Env.

EngineerRTI Global India

Prakash Sr.

Engineering

supportRTI Global India

Milan Basil

M. Tech Env.

Engineer

IIT-M

Viswa Barani

MicrobiologistPSG IMSR

Partners:

Multi unit

• Multi-story apartment

• 20 people

Technologies under test

Single unit Type:

Site:• Male toilet block

• 4 stalls

Single unit

• Female toilet block

• 10 stalls

Kohler system – Electrochemical

disinfection of water for reuse for

flushing

Overview of CLASS Technology

• CLASS Prototypes were built by Kohler in Pune, India

• Electrochemical disinfection based on Caltech Technology

Design: ▪ Multi-family, blackwater processing unit. ▪ Water re-used for toilet flushing

Key principles▪ anaerobic settling tank pretreats waste▪ Electrochemical oxidation converts

chloride to produce chlorine, a pathogen killing disinfectant

Closed Loop Advanced Sanitation System

Treated

Water Tank

Settling

Tanks

Electro

chemical

Reactor CLASS

Unit

19

CLASS field testing results

181 Days of operation in

closed loop

100,000+ Volume of waste water

treated (L)

< 1 E.Coli (cfu/ml)

Features of Testing Site:

• Location: Serene Senior Living apartment complex• Domestic toilet use• Unit connected externally to 3-5 apartments, ~

20 users• Sewage connection to system to ensure *no*

disruption in water or wastewater services to the residents

20

See M. Elledge presentation on Thursday 2:30 pm room Mountain Laurel

University of Toronto

Smoldering toilet

University of Toronto

From Vohra et al, FSM 4 presentation

Key principle:

• Designed to serve a single toilet in a household setting

• Dewatered solid waste combusted by smoldering:

o Oxygen limited thermal process

o Analogous to a burning cigarette

Field testing of prototypes

requires:

• A raised toilet-stall area

• A toilet block with customized housing structure

Dewatering unit

Liquid

Squat plate

Reactor 48 in (1.2 m)

PSG campus Male toilet block

• Construction workers temporary housing camp

• ~ 400 male laborers

• age ~20–45 years

• From other Indian states, multiple languages are spoken

Caretakers open at set

hours

Users entrance separate

from engineering area

Four stalls for users, separate from engineering area

▪ U. Toronto technology system was

tested in April- May 2017

▪ Obtained new, realistic inputs for

process design

▪ Revised module to be tested in

November 2017

Duke – RTI

Water Innovation Closet (WiC)

Duke-RTI

WiC: Beta Prototype Design

• Accepts urine and feces as a mixture

• Solid waste is dried and burned to convert the mass into electricity that powers the system

• Liquid waste is disinfected by electrochemical oxidation

• Prototype unit operational in Ahmedabad, India: field tests and user studies conducted since September 2015

For testing of beta prototypes in Coimbatore:

▪ A women toilet block built on a private commercial site at VKSM mills

VKSM women toilet block

Site: VKSM textile mills, privately owned

Number of potential users: 22 females workers living on the premises; planning to hire 80 women (160 men)

Resident age and tenure: 18-28 years old, 4 to 5 Years

Workers origin: Northern India, mostly Orissa and Bihar Women toilet block:

10 stalls, 10 showers, hand washing and cloth washing

Comprehensive analysis of the system outputs, aligned with methods being developed for ISO

Towards standardized testing

ISO 30500 Draft “Non-sewered sanitation systems”

In early stages: standard“Community scale FS treatment units”

Stay tuned for commercial products

coming soon!

STeP uses market insights to answer key questions about target markets and value proposition.

MARKET INSIGHTS- INDIA

Target Markets

Which market(s) should my technology / product target?

• Which customer segments are likely to buy and/or adopt the technology?

• Which geographic markets are most promising for scale?

• What user context or behavior and macro trends are influencing these segments?

Value Proposition

How do I ensure my product / technology achieves a value proposition?

• Who is the customer and who are the stakeholders that influence the customer?

• What do they value?

• What features should the technology have?

• What business models enable adoption and financial sustainability?

• What is the value of the technology against competing solutions?

We conduct market intelligence and user studies focused on three product categories.

A system that that treats waste for a single-unit (<

10 users).

Single Unit RT (SURT)

A system that that treats waste for multiple units

(10-100 users).

Multi Unit RT (MURT)

A system that that treats waste for an entire community / city

(10,000-1 Million users).

Omni Processor (OP)


The studies tell us critical information about customer segments, purchasing pathways and market size.


Market Insights for the RT, India

• Based on extensive primary

research (e.g. >300 qual.

Interviews in India).a

• Identifies residential customer

segments

• Sizes market segments

• Profiles customer, purchasing

pathways, points of intervention

• Provides technology insights (e.g.

acceptable range for parameters

such as footprint, electricity)

Stakeholder Perspectives Study,

India

• 2-phased study: high level

analysis of 4 shared use cases,

deep dive into religious sites

and factories.

• Phase 2 provides technology

insights and compares

stakeholder needs against

features of the RT.

• Defines personas: unicorns,

influencers, and average joes

TheSanitationTechnologyPlatform

PleaseNote:ThisreportisagoodfaitheffortbyRTIInternationaltoaccuratelyrepresentinformation

availableviasecondaryandprimarysourcesatthetimeoftheinformationcapture.Thereportis

confidentialandproprietaryandonlyforinternalusesandnotforpublicationorpublicdisclosure.

StakeholderPerspectivesStudy

Forthcoming

Weareintheprocessofsynthesizing/

consolidatingthisreport.Myintentionistocover(a)whichsub-segmentsappear

mostinteresting(b)thehigh-levelqualitativefindingsthathavetechnology

implications.

J-OP Market Landscape, India

• Market roadmap for bringing

the J-OP to market in India

• Characterizes the policy

landscape

• Defines a market entry strategy,

including city sequencing

• Estimates market size by use

case

• Identifies potential project

development partners

Indian Market Insights Study: Bottom up market segmentation revealed 9 distinct segments.


Stakeholder Perspectives Study- Key insights from religious sites define desired technology features.


Despite massive fluctuations in terms of

users, preference for permanent infrastructure.

Portability is desired for temporary gatherings

Dissatisfaction with 3rd

party service providers, resulting in desire to take

ownership of such activities

Concerns over handling multiple types of waste

(i.e. including waste from onsite meal preparation)

Sound not an issue,

especially in cities

Live flames = potential safety

hazard

Taboosaround

handling human waste

ash

Smell not a big concern except if

using recycled water for bathing

Radiant heat not an issue so long as it was away from human

contact

Concerns over water scarcity and desire for

water recycling & reuse. Limitations to use.

The J-Omni Processor is a community scale fecal sludge to energy technology.


Inputs: • Dewatered fecal sludge, biosolids,

supplemental biomass

Outputs: • Surplus electricity and heat• Pathogen free ash• Ultra-pure water

Value Proposition: • Complete pathogen destruction• Sellable by-products can offset a portion of

project costs• Fits within existing FS collection systems• Small footprint, large volumes treated (~500-

1,000 m3/d).

To enable product deployment, STeP assessed the market landscape for the J-OP in India.


Thank you.






Forthcoming





StakeholderPerspectivesStudy

Forthcoming

Weareintheprocessofsynthesizing/

consolidatingthisreport.Myintentionistocover(a)whichsub-segmentsappear

mostinteresting(b)thehigh-levelqualitativefindingsthathavetechnology

implications.

Available from STeP website: www.stepsforsanitation.org

• Registration is currently a requirement

• Working towards making access faster.

• You can register OR use this log-in for immediate access:

• [email protected]

• st3ps4s@nitation

• If the report you’re interested in is not online yet (it will be soon), request online or email me ([email protected])

http://www.stepsforsanitation.org/



Documents

Reinvent the Toilet Demonstration Insights from Gujarat · PDF filesystem with appeal for developed and developing countries applications ... Transportation hubs are frequently cited